Worrorra, also written Worora and other variants, and also known as Western Worrorran, is a moribundAustralian Aboriginal language of northern Western Australia. It encompasses a number of dialects, which are spoken by a group of people known as the Worrorra people.
Worrorra
Worrorran languages (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey)
Worrorra is a dialect cluster; Bowern (2011) recognises five languages: Worrorra proper, Unggumi, Yawijibaya, Unggarranggu, and Umiida.[4] McGregor and Rumsey (2009) include the above dialects and also include Winyjarrumi (Winjarumi), describing Worrorra as a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Worrorran group of languages known properly as western Worrorran.[3]
A nasal occurring before a stop consonant, is then realised as a prenasalized voiced stop sound (ex. [ŋɡ]).
/r/ can be heard as a trill or a flap, and is typically only voiced when preceding a sonorant, voiced phoneme, or lateral consonant. Elsewhere, it is voiceless as [r̥], or can be heard in free variation.
/j/ can also be heard as a fricative sound [ç] in word-initial positions.
Long vowel sounds are noted as follows: /iː, ɛː, uː, ɔː, ɑː/.
In between consonant clusters, an epenthetic vowel sound [ʉ̆] ~ [ɨ̆] occurs when breaking them up. Sometimes it can also be heard as a central vowel sound [ɨ].[8]
^Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia? 2012-08-15 at the Wayback Machine", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected 2012-07-03 at the Wayback Machine February 6, 2012)
^Tindale, Norman B. (Norman Barnett); Jones, Rhys (1974), Aboriginal tribes of Australia : their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names, University of California Press ; Canberra : Australian National University Press, ISBN978-0-520-02005-4
^Valda J. Blundell and Mary Anne Jebb. "Umbagai, Elkin (1921–1980)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
^ abCapell, Arthur; Coate, Howard H. J. (1984). Comparative studies in Northern Kimberley languages. Pacific Linguistics Series C. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. ISBN0-85883-314-X.
^ abcClendon, Mark (2014). Worrorra: A language of the north-west Kimberley coast. Adelaide: University of Adelaide. pp. 24–39.
^Love, J.R.B. (1941). Worora kinship gestures, Reprinted in Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, 1978, vol. 2, pp. 403–405.
^Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
worrorra, language, worrorra, also, written, worora, other, variants, also, known, western, worrorran, moribund, australian, aboriginal, language, northern, western, australia, encompasses, number, dialects, which, spoken, group, people, known, worrorra, peopl. Worrorra also written Worora and other variants and also known as Western Worrorran is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of northern Western Australia It encompasses a number of dialects which are spoken by a group of people known as the Worrorra people WorrorraWorrorran languages purple among other non Pama Nyungan languages grey RegionWestern AustraliaEthnicityWorrorra Unggumi Yawijibaya Unggarranggu UmiidaNative speakers8 2021 census 1 Language familyWororan Western WorrorraDialectsWorrorra Unggumi Yawidjibara Windjarumi Unggarrangu Umiida 2 Signed formsWorora Kinship Sign LanguageLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code wro class extiw title iso639 3 wro wro a Worrorra a href https iso639 3 sil org code xgu class extiw title iso639 3 xgu xgu a Unggumi a href https iso639 3 sil org code xud class extiw title iso639 3 xud xud a Umiida a href https iso639 3 sil org code xun class extiw title iso639 3 xun xun a Unggarranggu a href https iso639 3 sil org code jbw class extiw title iso639 3 jbw jbw a YawijibayaGlottologwest2435AIATSIS 3 K17 Worrorra K14 Unggumi K49 Umiida K55 Unggarrangu K53 YawijibayaELPWorrorraYawijibayaUmiidaUnggarrangguUnggumiWorrorran languagesIt is one of a group of Worrorran languages the other two being Wunambal and Ngarinyin Contents 1 Dialects of western Worrorra 2 Notable people 3 Phonology 4 Sign language 5 References 6 Further readingDialects of western Worrorra editWorrorra is a dialect cluster Bowern 2011 recognises five languages Worrorra proper Unggumi Yawijibaya Unggarranggu and Umiida 4 McGregor and Rumsey 2009 include the above dialects and also include Winyjarrumi Winjarumi describing Worrorra as a non Pama Nyungan language of the Worrorran group of languages known properly as western Worrorran 3 Umiida Unggarrangu Unggumi and Yawijibaya peoples are described in separate articles An alleged Maialnga language was a reported clan name of Worrorra proper that could not be confirmed with speakers 5 Notable people editElkin Umbagai was a translator between English and Worrorra 6 Phonology editWorrorra consonant phonemes 7 8 Bilabial Inter dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal VelarStop p t t ʈ c kNasal m n n ɳ ɲ ŋRhotic ɾ rLateral l ɭ ʎApproximant w ɻ jA nasal occurring before a stop consonant is then realised as a prenasalized voiced stop sound ex ŋɡ r can be heard as a trill or a flap and is typically only voiced when preceding a sonorant voiced phoneme or lateral consonant Elsewhere it is voiceless as r or can be heard in free variation j can also be heard as a fricative sound c in word initial positions Worrorra vowel inventory 7 Front Central BackHigh i uMid e oLow aLong vowel sounds are noted as follows iː ɛː uː ɔː ɑː In between consonant clusters an epenthetic vowel sound ʉ ɨ occurs when breaking them up Sometimes it can also be heard as a central vowel sound ɨ 8 Phoneme Allophones 8 i i ɪ a a ɒ ae ɛ ɑ ɐ u u y ʊ iː iː ɪː ɛː eɪ ɛː eː ɑː ɑˑɪ ɑ ɔː oʊ ɔː ɒː uː uː ʊː Sign language editThe Worora have or at one point had a signed form of their language used for speaking to kin in certain taboo relationships 9 but it is not clear from records that it was particularly well developed compared to other Australian Aboriginal sign languages 10 References edit Australian Bureau of Statistics 2021 Cultural diversity Census Retrieved 13 October 2022 Clendon 1994 2000 Love 2000 cited in Dixon 2002 a b K17 Worrorra at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies see the info box for additional links Bowern Claire 2011 How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia Archived 2012 08 15 at the Wayback Machine Anggarrgoon Australian languages on the web December 23 2011 corrected Archived 2012 07 03 at the Wayback Machine February 6 2012 Tindale Norman B Norman Barnett Jones Rhys 1974 Aboriginal tribes of Australia their terrain environmental controls distribution limits and proper names University of California Press Canberra Australian National University Press ISBN 978 0 520 02005 4 Valda J Blundell and Mary Anne Jebb Umbagai Elkin 1921 1980 Australian Dictionary of Biography Retrieved 4 November 2013 a b Capell Arthur Coate Howard H J 1984 Comparative studies in Northern Kimberley languages Pacific Linguistics Series C Canberra Pacific Linguistics ISBN 0 85883 314 X a b c Clendon Mark 2014 Worrorra A language of the north west Kimberley coast Adelaide University of Adelaide pp 24 39 Love J R B 1941 Worora kinship gestures Reprinted in Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia New York Plenum Press 1978 vol 2 pp 403 405 Kendon A 1988 Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia Cultural Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives Cambridge Cambridge University PressFurther reading editClendon Mark 2014 Worrorra A language of the north west Kimberley coast University of Adelaide doi 10 20851 worrorra hdl 2440 84235 ISBN 978 1 922064 59 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Worrorra language amp oldid 1213973212, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
