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Colonial empire

February 15, 2024

A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called colonies), either contiguous with the imperial center or located overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state.

Colonial powers in 1898[a]

Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other empires had conquered and colonized territories, such as the Roman Empire in Iberia, or the Chinese in what is now South China. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Spain, during the 15th century.[1] The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade, driven by the new ideas and the capitalism that grew out of the European Renaissance. Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479, 1493, and 1494. European imperialism was born out of competition between European Christians and Ottoman Muslims, the latter of which rose up quickly in the 14th century and forced the Spanish and Portuguese to seek new trade routes to India, and to a lesser extent, China.

Although colonies existed in classical antiquity, especially amongst the Phoenicians and the ancient Greeks who settled many islands and coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, these colonies were politically independent from the city-states they originated from, and thus did not constitute a colonial empire.[2] This paradigm shifted by the time of the Ptolemaic Empire, the Seleucid Empire, and the Roman Empire.

The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), Portugal (52), Spain (44), Netherlands (29), Germany (20), Russia (17), Denmark (9), Sweden (8), Italy (7), Norway (6) and Belgium (3).[3]

History edit

European colonial empires edit

Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial empires[4][5] under the leadership of Henry the Navigator. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories distributed across the globe (especially at one time in the 16th century) that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states. Portugal would eventually control Brazil, territories such as what is now Uruguay and some fishing ports in north, in the Americas; Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, and São Tomé and Príncipe (among other territories and bases) in the North and the Subsaharan Africa; cities, forts or territories in all the Asian subcontinents, as Muscat, Ormus and Bahrain (amongst other bases) in the Persian Gulf; Goa, Bombay and Daman and Diu (amongst other coastal cities) in India; Portuguese Ceylon; Malacca, bases in Southeast Asia and Oceania, as Makassar, Solor, Banda, Ambon and others in the Moluccas, Portuguese Timor; and the granted entrepôt-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in East Asia, amongst other smaller or short-lived possessions.

 
The territorial evolution of modern colonial empires and some of their successor states (such as USSR, Turkey)

During its Siglo de Oro, the Spanish Empire had possession of Mexico, South America, the Philippines, all of southern Italy, a stretch of territories from the Duchy of Milan to the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium, parts of Burgundy, and many colonial settlements in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Possessions in Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Americas, the Pacific Ocean, and East Asia qualified the Spanish Empire as attaining a global presence. From 1580 to 1640 the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire were conjoined in a personal union of its Habsburg monarchs during the period of the Iberian Union, but beneath the highest level of government, their separate administrations were maintained.

Subsequent colonial empires included the French, English, Dutch and Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the Tsardom of Russia, continued later as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day.

Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, by virtue of its technological and maritime supremacy, the British Empire steadily expanded to become by far the largest empire in history; at its height ruling over a quarter of the Earth's land area and 24% of the population. Britain's role as a global hegemon during this time ushered in a century of "British Peace", lasting from the end of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars to the start of World War I. During the New Imperialism, Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa.

Timeline edit

The chart below[original research?] shows the span of some European colonial empires.

  • Black lines mark the year of the empires largest territorial extent of land area.
  • Red represents that the empire is at that time a monarchy.
  • Blue represents that the empire is at that time a republic.

List of colonial empires edit

Further information: United Nations list of non-self-governing territories and Dependent territory
 
Diachronic map of the main empires of the modern era (1492–1945)

European:


Asian:

Main articles: Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire and Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire


Other countries with informal colonial possessions:

Maps edit

European:

Asian:

Other countries with colonial possessions:

See also edit

Notes and references edit

  1. ^
      Great Britain
      France
      Spain
      Portugal
      Netherlands
      Germany
      Ottoman Empire
      Belgium
      Austria-Hungary
      Russia
      Japan
      Denmark
      Sweden-Norway
      USA
      Italy
      Independent / Other countries
  1. ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "kolonie [geschiedenis]. §1.2 De moderne koloniale expansie". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
  2. ^ Encarta, s.v. "kolonie [geschiedenis]. §1.1 Oudheid.
  3. ^ "A map of Europe based on how many colonies each country had". 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  4. ^ William D. Phillips, Jr; Phillips, Carla Rahn (November 12, 2015). Spain as the first global empire. pp. 176–272. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316271940.006. ISBN 9781107109711. from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Powell, Philip Wayne ([1991?]). Árbol de odio: la leyenda negra y sus consecuencias en las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el mundo hispánico. Ediciones Iris de Paz. ISBN 9788440488855. OCLC 55157841
  6. ^ part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain before 1821.
  7. ^ Part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata before 1810.
  8. ^ During the reign of Philip V of Borbon, an intense diplomatic and military activity was developed with which the recovery of a significant Spanish presence in Italy was achieved. He placed several of his sons as independent sovereigns in different territories, such as the Duchy of Parma and especially the Kingdom of Naples, where the spanish House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma ruled until 1860.
  9. ^ Gregory Smits (1999). Visions of Ryukyu: Early-Modern Thought and Politics. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 143–149·
  10. ^ Maryland State Colonization Society
  11. ^ a b Part of the Holy Roman Empire realm before 1804.
  12. ^ "Ahol majdnem magyar gyarmatok lettek". 3 November 2014. from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  13. ^ "The Hungarian who wanted to colonise Somalia probably with the help of Budapest". 28 June 2019. from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  14. ^ part of the Holy Roman Empire before 1736
  15. ^ The dependencies of Norway are uninhabited, thus as end date is taken the latest date of full Norwegian sovereignty extension to such territory, instead of the date of decolonization or integration in the administrative structures of the mainland. Bouvet Island claimed in 1927, under Norway sovereignty since 1930.
    Peter I Island claimed in 1929, under Norway sovereignty since 1933.
    Queen Maud Land claimed in 1938, under Norway sovereignty since 1957.
    Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land fall under the scope of the Antarctic Treaty System since 1961.

External links edit

  • Visualizing western empires decline

February 15, 2024
colonial, empire, colonial, empire, collective, territories, often, called, colonies, either, contiguous, with, imperial, center, located, overseas, settled, population, certain, state, governed, that, state, colonial, powers, 1898, before, expansion, early, m. A colonial empire is a collective of territories often called colonies either contiguous with the imperial center or located overseas settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state Colonial powers in 1898 a Before the expansion of early modern European powers other empires had conquered and colonized territories such as the Roman Empire in Iberia or the Chinese in what is now South China Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers Portugal and Spain during the 15th century 1 The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade driven by the new ideas and the capitalism that grew out of the European Renaissance Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479 1493 and 1494 European imperialism was born out of competition between European Christians and Ottoman Muslims the latter of which rose up quickly in the 14th century and forced the Spanish and Portuguese to seek new trade routes to India and to a lesser extent China Although colonies existed in classical antiquity especially amongst the Phoenicians and the ancient Greeks who settled many islands and coasts of the Mediterranean Sea these colonies were politically independent from the city states they originated from and thus did not constitute a colonial empire 2 This paradigm shifted by the time of the Ptolemaic Empire the Seleucid Empire and the Roman Empire The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were United Kingdom 130 France 90 Portugal 52 Spain 44 Netherlands 29 Germany 20 Russia 17 Denmark 9 Sweden 8 Italy 7 Norway 6 and Belgium 3 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 European colonial empires 1 2 Timeline 2 List of colonial empires 3 Maps 4 See also 5 Notes and references 6 External linksHistory editEuropean colonial empires edit Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial empires 4 5 under the leadership of Henry the Navigator The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories distributed across the globe especially at one time in the 16th century that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states Portugal would eventually control Brazil territories such as what is now Uruguay and some fishing ports in north in the Americas Angola Mozambique Portuguese Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe among other territories and bases in the North and the Subsaharan Africa cities forts or territories in all the Asian subcontinents as Muscat Ormus and Bahrain amongst other bases in the Persian Gulf Goa Bombay and Daman and Diu amongst other coastal cities in India Portuguese Ceylon Malacca bases in Southeast Asia and Oceania as Makassar Solor Banda Ambon and others in the Moluccas Portuguese Timor and the granted entrepot base of Macau and the entrepot enclave of Dejima Nagasaki in East Asia amongst other smaller or short lived possessions nbsp The territorial evolution of modern colonial empires and some of their successor states such as USSR Turkey During its Siglo de Oro the Spanish Empire had possession of Mexico South America the Philippines all of southern Italy a stretch of territories from the Duchy of Milan to the Netherlands Luxembourg and Belgium parts of Burgundy and many colonial settlements in the Americas Africa and Asia Possessions in Europe Africa the Atlantic Ocean the Americas the Pacific Ocean and East Asia qualified the Spanish Empire as attaining a global presence From 1580 to 1640 the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire were conjoined in a personal union of its Habsburg monarchs during the period of the Iberian Union but beneath the highest level of government their separate administrations were maintained Subsequent colonial empires included the French English Dutch and Japanese empires By the mid 17th century the Tsardom of Russia continued later as the Russian Empire the Soviet Union and modern Russia became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day Throughout the 19th and early 20th century by virtue of its technological and maritime supremacy the British Empire steadily expanded to become by far the largest empire in history at its height ruling over a quarter of the Earth s land area and 24 of the population Britain s role as a global hegemon during this time ushered in a century of British Peace lasting from the end of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars to the start of World War I During the New Imperialism Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa Timeline edit This section s factual accuracy is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced January 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The chart below original research shows the span of some European colonial empires Black lines mark the year of the empires largest territorial extent of land area Red represents that the empire is at that time a monarchy Blue represents that the empire is at that time a republic List of colonial empires editFurther information United Nations list of non self governing territories and Dependent territory nbsp Diachronic map of the main empires of the modern era 1492 1945 European nbsp Belgian Empire 1908 1962 nbsp Belgian Congo 1908 1960 nbsp Ruanda Urundi 1922 1962 nbsp Belgian concession of Tianjin 1902 1931 nbsp British Empire 1707 1997 present Evolution of the British Empire Angevin Empire nbsp English colonial empire 1585 1707 Possessions in Europe nbsp British Cyprus nbsp British Malta nbsp British Ireland nbsp United States of the Ionian Islands nbsp British Gibraltar British Minorca nbsp British Heligoland Possessions in Africa nbsp British Somaliland 1884 1960 nbsp British Egypt 1914 1936 nbsp Anglo Egyptian Sudan 1899 1956 nbsp East Africa Protectorate 1895 1920 nbsp Kenya Colony 1920 1963 nbsp Uganda Protectorate 1894 1962 nbsp Tanganyika territory 1922 1961 nbsp Protectorate of Nyasaland 1893 1964 nbsp Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia 1924 1964 nbsp Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1923 1965 1979 1980 nbsp Bechuanaland Protectorate 1885 1966 nbsp British Nigeria 1914 1954 nbsp British Gold Coast 1867 1957 nbsp British Sierra Leone 1808 1961 nbsp British Gambia 1821 1965 Possessions in the Americas nbsp Thirteen Colonies nbsp British West Indies nbsp Bahamas nbsp Barbados nbsp Bermuda nbsp Leeward Islands 1671 1816 1833 1958 nbsp Windward Islands 1833 1960 nbsp Cayman Islands nbsp Colony of Jamaica 1655 1962 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago nbsp Turks and Caicos Islands nbsp British Honduras 1862 1981 nbsp British Guiana 1814 1966 nbsp Kingdom of Mosquitia 1638 1860 Possessions in South Asia nbsp East India Company 1757 1858 nbsp India 1858 1947 nbsp Ceylon 1815 1948 Bhutan protectorate 1907 1947 nbsp Sikkim protectorate 1861 1948 nbsp Nepal protectorate 1816 1923 Possessions in East Asia nbsp British Hong Kong 1841 1997 Possessions in the Middle East nbsp Trucial States 1820 1971 nbsp British Bahrain 1861 1971 nbsp British Qatar 1916 1971 nbsp British Iraq 1920 1932 1932 1958 nbsp Emirate of Transjordan 1921 1946 nbsp Mandatory Palestine 1920 1948 nbsp Sheikhdom of Kuwait 1899 1961 nbsp Aden Protectorate 1872 1963 nbsp Muscat and Oman 1892 1970 nbsp Emirate of Afghanistan protectorate 1879 1947 Possessions in Southeast Asia British Bencoolen British Malaya British Borneo Dominions of the United Kingdom nbsp Canada nbsp Dominion of Newfoundland nbsp States and territories of Australia 1901 present Australia itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1901 1942 and 1986 was tasked with the government of multiple other British colonies and territories and the mandates of New Guinea and Nauru nbsp Realm of New Zealand 1907 present New Zealand itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1907 1947 and 1986 was tasked with the government of multiple other British colonies and territories and the mandate of Samoa It was also nominal co trustee of the mandate of Nauru The remaining non self governing New Zealand territory is Tokelau nbsp Mandates under South African administration 1915 1990 The South West Africa mandate was governed by the Union of South Africa that itself a colony that gradually increased its independence in 1910 1931 and 1961 nbsp Danish Empire 1620 1979 present nbsp Danish India 1620 1869 nbsp Danish Gold Coast 1658 1850 Danish colonization of the Americas nbsp Danish West Indies 1754 1917 nbsp Greenland 1814 1979 nbsp Dutch Empire 1602 1975 present Dutch colonization of the Americas by nbsp Dutch West India Company nbsp New Netherland nbsp Dutch Guyana Surinam nbsp Dutch Brazil nbsp Dutch Caribbean nbsp Dutch Gold Coast 1612 1872 nbsp Dutch East India Company nbsp Dutch India nbsp Dutch East Indies nbsp Netherlands New Guinea nbsp Dutch Cape Colony 1652 1806 nbsp Dutch Formosa 1624 1662 nbsp Dutch Ceylon 1640 1796 nbsp Dejima 1641 1854 nbsp Dutch Mauritius 1638 1710 nbsp French Empire 1534 1980 present Main article List of French possessions and colonies French colonization of the Americas France Antarctique 1555 1567 nbsp New France 1534 1763 and Quebec nbsp French Louisiana nbsp French West Indies 1635 today Iles des Saintes 1648 present Marie Galante 1635 present la Desirade 1635 present Guadeloupe 1635 present Martinique 1635 present French Guiana nbsp Saint Pierre and Miquelon Asia French India 1664 1962 nbsp French Indochina and French Indochinese Union 1887 1954 Laos protectorate 1893 1953 Cambodia protectorate 1863 1953 Vietnam Cochinchina Southern Vietnam 1858 1949 Annam protectorate Central Vietnam 1883 1949 Tonkin protectorate Northern Vietnam 1884 1949 China The foreign concessions French Concession of Shanghai 1849 1946 Tianjin 1860 1946 and Hankou 1898 1946 The spheres of French influence officially recognized by China on the provinces of Yunnan Guangxi Hainan and Guangdong Shamian Island 1859 1949 a fifth of the island nbsp French Guangzhouwan 1898 1945 Possessions in the Middle East Mandate for Syria and Lebanon 1920 1946 French Africa French North Africa 1830 1934 and French Algeria French Morocco 1912 1956 French Tunisia 1886 1956 French Somaliland 1883 1975 French West Africa 1895 1958 French Madagascar 1897 1958 French Comoros 1866 1968 French Equatorial Africa 1910 1958 Isle de France 1715 1810 Seychelles 1756 1810 The Scattered Islands Reunion island 1710 present Mayotte 1841 present Oceania nbsp New Hebrides 1906 1980 nbsp French Polynesia nbsp New Caledonia nbsp Wallis and Futuna Clipperton island nbsp German Empire 1884 1920 nbsp Kamerun 1884 1918 nbsp Togoland 1884 1916 nbsp German South West Africa 1884 1919 nbsp German New Guinea 1884 1919 nbsp German East Africa 1885 1919 nbsp German Samoa 1900 1920 German Concession in Tientsin German concession of Hankou German Tsingtao German Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory nbsp Italian Empire 1882 1960 nbsp Eritrea 1882 1947 nbsp Somaliland 1889 1947 1950 1960 as Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland nbsp Ethiopia 1936 1941 nbsp Italian East Africa formed by merging Eritrea Somaliland and Ethiopia 1936 1947 nbsp Cyrenaica 1912 1947 nbsp Tripolitania 1912 1947 nbsp Libya Formed by merging Cyrenaica and Tripolitania in 1934 It dissolved in 1947 It also included the Southern Military Territory of Fezzan nbsp Italian Islands of the Aegean 1912 1947 nbsp Italian Albania 1939 1943 Italian France 1940 1943 nbsp Italian Montenegro 1941 1943 Italian concession of Tientsin 1901 1947 nbsp Portuguese Empire 1415 1999 Evolution of the Portuguese Empire nbsp Portuguese colonization of the Americas nbsp Colonial Brazil 1500 1815 nbsp Portuguese India 1505 1961 nbsp Portuguese Ceylon 1598 1658 nbsp Portuguese Timor 1702 1975 nbsp Portuguese Macau 1557 1999 Portuguese Malacca 1511 1641 Portuguese Nagasaki 1580 1587 Portuguese Oman 1507 1656 Tamao 1514 1521 Portuguese Africa nbsp Portuguese East Africa 1498 1975 nbsp Portuguese West Africa 1575 1975 nbsp Portuguese Guinea 1474 1974 1974 1975 nbsp Portuguese Cape Verde 1462 1975 nbsp Portuguese Sao Tome and Principe 1470 1975 Fort of Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda 1721 1961 Portuguese Gold Coast 1482 1642 nbsp Russian Empire 1721 1917 Main article Territorial evolution of Russia Siberia Caucasus Central Asia Russian colonization of North America nbsp Russian America 1733 1867 nbsp Sagallo 1889 Russian Port Arthur Russian concession in Tientsin nbsp Spanish Empire 1492 1825 1898 1975 Spanish colonization of the Americas nbsp Viceroyalty of New Spain nbsp Viceroyalty of Peru nbsp Viceroyalty of New Granada nbsp Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata nbsp Spanish East Indies 1565 1898 6 nbsp Captaincy General of the Philippines nbsp Spanish Africa nbsp Spanish Guinea 1778 1968 7 nbsp Spanish Sahara 1884 1975 nbsp Spanish protectorate in Morocco 1912 1956 nbsp Ifni 1476 1524 1859 1969 Possessions of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain and of nbsp Habsburg Spain in Europe Kingdom of Naples 1503 1700 Kingdom of Sicily 1479 1700 Kingdom of Sardinia 1479 1700 nbsp nbsp Duchy of Milan 1559 1706 8 nbsp Spanish Netherlands 1556 1713 nbsp Swedish Empire 1638 1663 1733 1784 1878 Swedish colonies in the Americas nbsp New Sweden 1638 1655 nbsp Swedish colony of Saint Barthelemy 1784 1878 nbsp Guadeloupe 1813 1814 nbsp Swedish Gold Coast 1650 1658 1660 1663 nbsp Swedish Africa Company nbsp Swedish East India Company nbsp Parangipettai 1733 nbsp Swedish Factory Canton Factories 1757 1860 Asian nbsp Japanese Empire 1868 1945 Main article List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan nbsp Ezo as Hokkaido 1869 present nbsp Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture 1879 1945 amp 1972 present 9 nbsp Taiwan 1895 1945 nbsp Karafuto Prefecture 1905 1949 nbsp Korea 1910 1945 nbsp South Seas Mandate 1919 1947 nbsp Manchukuo 1932 1945 nbsp Greater East Asia Co Prosperity Sphere 1932 1945 nbsp Ottoman Empire 1354 1908 Main articles Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire and Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire Asia nbsp Protectorate of Aceh 1496 1903 nbsp Ottoman Arabia 1517 1919 nbsp Ottoman Cyprus 1571 1878 nbsp Ottoman Iraq 1538 1918 nbsp Ottoman Syria 1517 1918 nbsp Emirate of Nejd 1818 1914 Africa nbsp Khedivate of Egypt 1867 1914 nbsp Turco Egyptian Sudan nbsp Ottoman Egypt 1517 1914 nbsp Ottoman Absinia 1554 1872 nbsp Ottoman Algeria 1516 1830 nbsp Ottoman Tripolitania 1551 1912 nbsp Ottoman Tunisia 1574 1881 Europe nbsp Cretan State 1898 1913 nbsp Crimean Khanate 1475 1774 nbsp Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina 1463 1908 nbsp Ottoman Bulgaria 1396 1878 nbsp Ottoman Crete 1667 1898 nbsp Ottoman Greece 1453 1830 nbsp Ottoman Hungary 1541 1699 nbsp Ottoman Serbia 1371 1817 nbsp Rumelia Eyalet 1365 1867 nbsp Sanjak of Rhodes 1522 1912 nbsp United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia 1859 1862 Other countries with informal colonial possessions nbsp United States 1816 present Main articles American imperialism and Territories of the United States United States overseas territorial acquisitions nbsp American Samoa 1899 Present nbsp Guam 1898 Present nbsp Northern Mariana Islands 1986 Present nbsp Puerto Rico 1898 Present nbsp United States Virgin Islands 1917 Present nbsp Commonwealth of the Philippines 1935 1946 nbsp Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 1902 1935 nbsp Panama Canal Zone 1903 1979 nbsp Republic of Hawaii 1898 1900 nbsp Minor Outlying Islands 1857 Present Guano Islands Act Claims 1856 Present Canton and Enderbury Islands 1939 1979 nbsp Ryukyu Islands 1950 1972 nbsp Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1947 1994 American Colonization Society 1816 1847 Colony of Liberia 1821 1847 Kentucky in Africa 1828 1847 Maryland in Africa 1834 1857 10 Mississippi in Africa 1835 1842 American Concessions nbsp American Concession in Shanghai 1848 1863 American concession in Tianjin 1869 1902 American Trading Company of Borneo 1865 1881 Corn Islands 1914 1971 nbsp Guantanamo Bay 1903 present Pituffik Space Base 1943 present nbsp Habsburg monarchy Colonies 11 and the nbsp Austro Hungarian Empire 1719 1750 1778 1783 1901 1917 Austrian colonial policy nbsp Ostend Company Bankipur Bengal Covelong Austrian East India Company Austrian colonisation of Nicobar Islands 1778 1785 Austrian Delagoa Bay 1773 1781 Moric Benyovszky s Madagascar 1774 1779 Austrian North Borneo Franz Josef Land Austro Hungarian concession of Tianjin 1901 1917 Hungarian colonial attempts 12 13 nbsp Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 1637 1795 and nbsp Poland colonial initiatives nbsp Duchy of Courland and Semigallia a Latvian vassal of Poland Lithuania in 1637 1690 Couronian colonization in Africa Couronian colonization of the Americas Jaxa 1665 1685 Toco 1688 1689 Colonization attempts by Poland Polish occupation zone in Germany nbsp German colonial initiatives 1683 1721 Colonies of nbsp Brandenburg Prussia 1683 1721 11 Colonies of nbsp County of Hanau 14 Neu Askania 1828 1856 German colonization of the Americas Klein Venedig 1528 1546 Italy and the colonization of the Americas nbsp Grand Duchy of Tuscany Thornton expedition 1608 1609 nbsp Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Africa 1135 1160 nbsp Knights Hospitaller Malta a vassal of the nbsp Kingdom of Sicily Hospitaller colonization of the Americas nbsp Norway List of possessions of Norway 1920 present Erik the Red s Land Norway Antarctic and sub Antarctic possessions 1927 1957 15 nbsp Sweden Norway 1814 1905 Cooper Island 1844 1905 nbsp Kingdom of Scotland 1621 1707 Scottish colonization of the Americas nbsp Kingdom of Morocco 1975 present Southern Provinces nbsp Omani Empire 1652 1892 Yaruba dynasty 1624 1742 nbsp Sultanate of Muscat 1652 1820 nbsp Sultanate of Zanzibar taken by Oman in 1698 became capital of the Omani Sultanate or Empire from 1632 or 1640 until 1890 Mombasa 1698 1728 1729 1744 1837 1890 Gwadar 1783 1958 Chinese Empire from Qin dynasty to nbsp Qing dynasty nbsp 221 BC 1911 Main article Chinese imperialism Imperial Chinese Tributary System Guangxi Hainan since the Han dynasty Nansha Islands Xisha Islands Manchuria during the Tang Liao Jin Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties Manchuria Northeast China Outer Manchuria Kuye Island Korea Canghai Commandery A commandery that self subjugated to Han dynasty from Dongye Four Commanderies of Han Established after the fall of Gojoseon Daifang Commandery Offshoot of the former four commanderies of Han that existed in the 3rd to 4th century Colonization attempts of the Tang dynasty after Unification of the three kingdoms of Korea Gyerim Territory Area Command Protectorate General to Pacify the East and Ungjin Commandery Dongnyeong Prefectures Ssangseong Prefectures and Tamna prefectures Yuan dynasty Inner Mongolia Outer Mongolia during for example the Tang and Qing dynasties Tannu Uriankhai Taiwan during the Qing dynasty Tibet during the Yuan and Qing dynasties Yunnan Vietnam from the Han to Tang dynasties and during the early Ming dynasty Xinjiang Central Asia during the Tang and Qing dynasties Protectorate General to Pacify the West nbsp Ethiopian colonies as the Aksum Empire Viceroyalty of Yemen 520 578 nbsp Persian Empires Oman 5th century BC 628 1743 1747 Bahrain 5th century BC 629 1077 1253 1330 1507 Sasanian Yemen 570 628 Aghlabids colonies as Arab vassals of nbsp Abbasid Caliphate in Ifriqiya Southern Italy Emirate of Sicily Emirate of Bari Malta nbsp Chola empire Srivijaya Sri Lanka nbsp Sikh Empire 1799 1849 nbsp Jammu and Kashmir princely state 1819 1846 nbsp Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1834 1849 Maps editEuropean nbsp Belgian Empire nbsp British Empire nbsp Danish Empire nbsp Dutch Empire nbsp English Empire nbsp French Empire nbsp German Empire nbsp Italian Empire nbsp Portuguese Empire nbsp Russian Empire nbsp Spanish Empire nbsp Swedish EmpireAsian nbsp Japanese Empire nbsp Ottoman EmpireOther countries with colonial possessions nbsp Directly controlled territory of the United States at its greatest extent 1898 1902 nbsp Norwegian Realm nbsp Austro Hungarian colonies and concessions throughout history nbsp German colonial efforts nbsp Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and its colonies as a vassal of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth nbsp Couronian settlements in Africa nbsp Couronian settlements in Americas New Courland on Tobago nbsp Map of the Hospitaller Order s territories in the Caribbean nbsp The Crown of Aragon nbsp Scottish colonization of the Americas nbsp Map of Morocco and Western Sahara with the Southern Provinces in a darker color nbsp Chola Empire nbsp Chinese sphere of influence during Tang dynasty nbsp Aksum Empire and its possessions in Yemen nbsp Omani Empire and its oversea possessions around the Indian Ocean nbsp Timeline of the Persian Empires and its overseas possessions in Yemen Oman or Bahrein nbsp Aghlabids and its Arab coloniesSee also editAnalysis of Western European colonialism and colonization Colonial troops Empire Great Divergence Hegemony History of Western civilization Imperialism List of ancient great powers List of largest empires List of medieval great powers List of modern great powers Middle Eastern empires Nomadic empire The empire on which the sun never setsNotes and references edit Great Britain France Spain Portugal Netherlands Germany Ottoman Empire Belgium Austria Hungary Russia Japan Denmark Sweden Norway USA Italy Independent Other countries Encarta encyclopedie Winkler Prins 1993 2002 s v kolonie geschiedenis 1 2 De moderne koloniale expansie Microsoft Corporation Het Spectrum Encarta s v kolonie geschiedenis 1 1 Oudheid A map of Europe based on how many colonies each country had 2023 09 26 Retrieved 2023 09 26 William D Phillips Jr Phillips Carla Rahn November 12 2015 Spain as the first global empire pp 176 272 doi 10 1017 CBO9781316271940 006 ISBN 9781107109711 Archived from the original on August 10 2021 Retrieved September 14 2019 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help Powell Philip Wayne 1991 Arbol de odio la leyenda negra y sus consecuencias en las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el mundo hispanico Ediciones Iris de Paz ISBN 9788440488855 OCLC 55157841 part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain before 1821 Part of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata before 1810 During the reign of Philip V of Borbon an intense diplomatic and military activity was developed with which the recovery of a significant Spanish presence in Italy was achieved He placed several of his sons as independent sovereigns in different territories such as the Duchy of Parma and especially the Kingdom of Naples where the spanish House of Bourbon Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon Parma ruled until 1860 Gregory Smits 1999 Visions of Ryukyu Early Modern Thought and Politics Honolulu University of Hawai i Press 143 149 Maryland State Colonization Society a b Part of the Holy Roman Empire realm before 1804 Ahol majdnem magyar gyarmatok lettek 3 November 2014 Archived from the original on 28 May 2022 Retrieved 8 April 2022 The Hungarian who wanted to colonise Somalia probably with the help of Budapest 28 June 2019 Archived from the original on 6 December 2022 Retrieved 8 April 2022 part of the Holy Roman Empire before 1736 The dependencies of Norway are uninhabited thus as end date is taken the latest date of full Norwegian sovereignty extension to such territory instead of the date of decolonization or integration in the administrative structures of the mainland Bouvet Island claimed in 1927 under Norway sovereignty since 1930 Peter I Island claimed in 1929 under Norway sovereignty since 1933 Queen Maud Land claimed in 1938 under Norway sovereignty since 1957 Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land fall under the scope of the Antarctic Treaty System since 1961 External links editVisualizing western empires decline Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Colonial empire amp oldid 1199958959, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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