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The Thornton expedition was a 1608 Tuscan expedition under Captain Robert Thornton, an Englishman, sent by Ferdinando I of Tuscany to explore northern Brazil and the Amazon River and prepare for the establishment of a settlement in northern coastal South America, which would serve as a base to export Brazilian wood to Renaissance Italy. The area that Thornton considered as a possible site of a Tuscan colony now lies in modern French Guiana, near Cayenne,[1] which would be colonised by France in 1630. The expedition was the only attempt by an Italian state to colonise the Americas.[2]
Ferdinando I ordered an expedition in order to create a Tuscan settlement on the territory of modern French Guiana
The Amazon region had been previously visited by numerous European explorers and traders over the course of the preceding century. Robert Harcourt sailed for Guiana in 1608, establishing an English base on the Oyapock River which lasted a few years.[3] William Davies, a surgeon on the Thornton expedition noted that they expected to find the Amazon by sailing south from the West Indies until "...you shall see the Sea change to a ruddie colour, the water shall grow fresh, by these signes you may run boldly your course [sic]."[4]
Sailing from Livorno in September 1608, Thornton returned to the same port in the end of June 1609, reportedly completing the voyage without losing a man.[5] He brought back with him to Tuscany five or six natives, most of whom died of smallpox. Only one lived on at the Medici court for several years, and learned to speak Tuscan.[5] The natives often talked about the richness and fertility of their native land, speaking of a country rich in silver and gold.[5] Thornton himself corroborated these reports, and asserted that the country was rich in rosewood, wild sugar canes, white pepper, balsam, cotton and many other kinds of merchandise which would form an abundant commerce for the Tuscans.[5]
However, once back in Tuscany, Thornton found that Ferdinando I had died, and that his successor Cosimo II was uninterested in the establishment of a colony. Thornton was ready to sail back to the area between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers in the summer of 1609 with Italian settlers from Livorno and Lucca, but the project was scrapped.[6]
In the first years of the 17th century Ferdinando I of Tuscany evaluated the possibility of a colony in Brasil […] Ferdinando gave captain Thornton a caravelle and a tartane [for an expedition in 1608] […] Thornton sailed for one year: he reached Guyana and Brasil, exploring the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. […] In July 1609 he was back in Livorno, but in February of that year the Grand Duke died and in Florence nobody [after him] was still thinking about establishing an overseas colony.
^Ridolfi, R. Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile p. 14
^Ridolfi, R. Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile, in «Il Veltro», Roma, luglio-agosto 1962, pp. 1-18
^Hakluytus posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes, Samuel Purchas, volume xvi, 1625, reprinted 1906
^Amazon Sweet Sea, Nigel J. H. Smith, University of Texas Press, 2002
^ abcdJohn Temple Leader, Life of Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland : Illustrated with letters and documents from original sources, collected by the author, and hitherto inedited (1895)
^Ridolfi, R. Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile, in «Il Veltro», Roma, luglio-agosto 1962, p. 12
^Matteo Sanfilippo (2008-06-23). "Gli italiani in Brasile" (in Italian). Archivio Storico dell'Emigrazione Italiana. Retrieved 28 March 2010. Nei primi anni del Seicento Ferdinando I di Toscana ...valuta la possibilità di una colonia brasiliana...Ferdinando fa armare una caravella e una tartana nel porto di Livorno e le affida al capitano Thornton...Thornton naviga per quasi un anno: approda in Guyana e in Brasile, esplora il Rio delle Amazzoni e l’Orinoco, rientra facendo tappa alla Caienna e a Trinidad. Il 12 luglio 1609 è di nuovo a Livorno, ma...il 7 febbraio di quell’anno il granduca è morto e a Firenze non si pensa più alla possibilità di fondare una colonia...oltreoceano.
Bibliography
Franzina, Emilio. Storia dell'emigrazione italiana. Donzelli Editore. Roma, 2002 ISBN88-7989-719-5
Ridolfi, R. Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile, in «Il Veltro» (luglio-agosto 1962). Roma, 1962
Sanfilippo, Matteo. Gli Italiani in Brasile. Edizioni Sette Citta'. Viterbo, 2008
January 01, 2023
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian March 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Italian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 719 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Spedizione Thornton see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated it Spedizione Thornton to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Thornton expedition was a 1608 Tuscan expedition under Captain Robert Thornton an Englishman sent by Ferdinando I of Tuscany to explore northern Brazil and the Amazon River and prepare for the establishment of a settlement in northern coastal South America which would serve as a base to export Brazilian wood to Renaissance Italy The area that Thornton considered as a possible site of a Tuscan colony now lies in modern French Guiana near Cayenne 1 which would be colonised by France in 1630 The expedition was the only attempt by an Italian state to colonise the Americas 2 Ferdinando I ordered an expedition in order to create a Tuscan settlement on the territory of modern French Guiana The Amazon region had been previously visited by numerous European explorers and traders over the course of the preceding century Robert Harcourt sailed for Guiana in 1608 establishing an English base on the Oyapock River which lasted a few years 3 William Davies a surgeon on the Thornton expedition noted that they expected to find the Amazon by sailing south from the West Indies until you shall see the Sea change to a ruddie colour the water shall grow fresh by these signes you may run boldly your course sic 4 Sailing from Livorno in September 1608 Thornton returned to the same port in the end of June 1609 reportedly completing the voyage without losing a man 5 He brought back with him to Tuscany five or six natives most of whom died of smallpox Only one lived on at the Medici court for several years and learned to speak Tuscan 5 The natives often talked about the richness and fertility of their native land speaking of a country rich in silver and gold 5 Thornton himself corroborated these reports and asserted that the country was rich in rosewood wild sugar canes white pepper balsam cotton and many other kinds of merchandise which would form an abundant commerce for the Tuscans 5 However once back in Tuscany Thornton found that Ferdinando I had died and that his successor Cosimo II was uninterested in the establishment of a colony Thornton was ready to sail back to the area between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers in the summer of 1609 with Italian settlers from Livorno and Lucca but the project was scrapped 6 In the first years of the 17th century Ferdinando I of Tuscany evaluated the possibility of a colony in Brasil Ferdinando gave captain Thornton a caravelle and a tartane for an expedition in 1608 Thornton sailed for one year he reached Guyana and Brasil exploring the Amazon and Orinoco rivers In July 1609 he was back in Livorno but in February of that year the Grand Duke died and in Florence nobody after him was still thinking about establishing an overseas colony Matteo Sanfilippo 7 See also EditItaly and the colonization of the AmericasReferences Edit Ridolfi R Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile p 14 Ridolfi R Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile in Il Veltro Roma luglio agosto 1962 pp 1 18 Hakluytus posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Samuel Purchas volume xvi 1625 reprinted 1906 Amazon Sweet Sea Nigel J H Smith University of Texas Press 2002 a b c d John Temple Leader Life of Sir Robert Dudley Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland Illustrated with letters and documents from original sources collected by the author and hitherto inedited 1895 Ridolfi R Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile in Il Veltro Roma luglio agosto 1962 p 12 Matteo Sanfilippo 2008 06 23 Gli italiani in Brasile in Italian Archivio Storico dell Emigrazione Italiana Retrieved 28 March 2010 Nei primi anni del Seicento Ferdinando I di Toscana valuta la possibilita di una colonia brasiliana Ferdinando fa armare una caravella e una tartana nel porto di Livorno e le affida al capitano Thornton Thornton naviga per quasi un anno approda in Guyana e in Brasile esplora il Rio delle Amazzoni e l Orinoco rientra facendo tappa alla Caienna e a Trinidad Il 12 luglio 1609 e di nuovo a Livorno ma il 7 febbraio di quell anno il granduca e morto e a Firenze non si pensa piu alla possibilita di fondare una colonia oltreoceano Bibliography EditFranzina Emilio Storia dell emigrazione italiana Donzelli Editore Roma 2002 ISBN 88 7989 719 5 Ridolfi R Pensieri medicei di colonizzare il Brasile in Il Veltro luglio agosto 1962 Roma 1962 Sanfilippo Matteo Gli Italiani in Brasile Edizioni Sette Citta Viterbo 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thornton expedition amp oldid 1096327119, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
