French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française, sometimes abbreviated to ANF) is a term often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era, namely Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right, French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately governed territories under different forms of colonial regime.[1]
French rule in North Africa was finally ended as a result of the Algerian War (1954–62) and the Évian Accords of March 1962 which enabled the Algerian independence referendum of July 1962.[4] Algeria formally became independent the same month.
^Hoisington, William A. Jr. (1991). "The Mediterranean Committee and French North Africa, 1935–1940". The Historian. 53 (2): 255. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1991.tb00806.x.
french, north, africa, french, afrique, nord, française, sometimes, abbreviated, term, often, applied, three, territories, that, were, controlled, france, north, african, maghreb, during, colonial, namely, algeria, morocco, tunisia, contrast, french, west, afr. French North Africa French Afrique du Nord francaise sometimes abbreviated to ANF is a term often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era namely Algeria Morocco and Tunisia In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately governed territories under different forms of colonial regime 1 Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingHistory editIn the 19th century the decline of the Ottoman Empire which had loosely controlled the area since the 16th century left the region vulnerable to other forces In 1830 French troops captured Algiers and from 1848 until independence in 1962 France treated Algeria as an integral part of France the Metropole or metropolitan France 2 In subsequent decades a substantial European settler population emerged in Algeria known as the Pieds Noirs Seeking to expand their influence beyond Algeria the French established protectorates to the east and west of it The French protectorate of Tunisia was established in 1881 following a swift military invasion 3 and the French protectorate in Morocco in 1912 following a prolonged military campaign These lasted until 1956 when both protectorates gained full independence Tunisia on 20 March and Morocco on 7 April French rule in North Africa was finally ended as a result of the Algerian War 1954 62 and the Evian Accords of March 1962 which enabled the Algerian independence referendum of July 1962 4 Algeria formally became independent the same month See also editArmy of Africa France French Colonial Empire French conquest of Algeria Pacification of Algeria Nationalism and resistance in Algeria Declaration of 1 November 1954 Tunisian National Movement Proclamation of Independence of MoroccoReferences edit Hoisington William A Jr 1991 The Mediterranean Committee and French North Africa 1935 1940 The Historian 53 2 255 doi 10 1111 j 1540 6563 1991 tb00806 x J D Fage Roland Anthony Oliver The Cambridge History of Africa vol 6 1985 p 159 William E Watson Tricolor and Crescent France and the Islamic World 2003 p 28 Serge Berstein The Republic of de Gaulle 1958 1969 1993 p 54 Further reading editEdwards Albert Sketches of French North Africa 2009 Gottmann Jean Economic problems of French North Africa 1943 Liebesny Herbert J The Government of French North Africa 1943 Thomas Martin French Empire Between the Wars 2005 Wallerstein Immanuel M Africa The Politics of Independence and Unity 1961 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title French North Africa amp oldid 1178620574, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
