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Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

January 07, 2023

This article is about the administration of the former princely state. For the current union territory of India, see Jammu and Kashmir (union territory). For the former state of India, see Jammu and Kashmir (state). For the history, see History of Kashmir.

Jammu and Kashmir, officially known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu,[3] was a princely state during the Company rule in India from 1757 to 1858 as well as the British Raj in India from 1846 to 1952. The princely state was created after the First Anglo-Sikh War, from the territories that had earlier been in the Sikh Empire.

Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu
1846–1952
Top: 1846-1936
Bottom: 1936-1953
Map of Kashmir and Jammu State
StatusPrincely state
CapitalSrinagar
Common languagesKashmiri (Koshur), Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), Dogri, Ladakhi, Balti, Shina, and others
Religion
Hinduism (state religion), Islam (majority), Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism
GovernmentPrincely state
Maharaja 
• 16 March 1846 – 30 June 1857
Gulab Singh (first)
• 23 September 1925 – 17 November 1952
Hari Singh (last)
History 
• Princely state established
1846
22 October 1947
• Accession to the Indian Union
26–27 October 1947
• Ceasefire (cession of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan)
1 January 1949
• Constitutional state of India
17 November 1952
• Disestablished
1952
Area
• Total
85,885[1] sq mi (222,440 km2)
Today part ofIndia (Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh)
Pakistan (Azad Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan)
China (Aksai Chin, Trans-Karakoram Tract)

At the time of the partition of India and the political integration of India, Hari Singh, the ruler of the state, delayed making a decision about the future of his state. However, an uprising in the western districts of the state followed by an attack by raiders from the neighbouring Northwest Frontier Province, supported by Pakistan, forced his hand. On 26 October 1947, Hari Singh acceded to India in return for the Indian military being airlifted to Kashmir to engage the Pakistan-supported forces, starting the Kashmir conflict.[4] The western and northern districts presently known as Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan passed to the control of Pakistan, while the remaining territory remained under Indian control as the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.[5]

Administration

According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows:[6][7]

In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given:[6]

Prime Ministers (Jammu & Kashmir)

# Name Took Office Left Office
1 Raja Sir Daljit Singh 1917 1921
2 Raja Hari Singh 1925 1927
3 Sir Albion Banerjee January 1927 March 1929
4 G. E. C. Wakefield 1929 1931
5 Hari Krishan Kaul[8] 1931 1932
6 Elliot James Dowell Colvin[8] 1932 1936
7 Sir Barjor J. Dalal 1936 1936
8 Sir N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar 1937 July 1943
9 Kailash Narain Haksar July 1943 February 1944
10 Sir B. N. Rau February 1944 28 June 1945
11 Ram Chandra Kak 28 June 1945 11 August 1947
12 Janak Singh 11 August 1947 15 October 1947
13 Mehr Chand Mahajan 15 October 1947 5 March 1948
14 Sheikh Abdullah 5 March 1948 8 August 1953

See also

References

  1. ^ David P. Henige (2004). Princely States of India: A Guide to Chronology and Rulers. Orchid Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-974-524-049-0.
  2. ^ Rahman, Tariq (2011). From Hindi to Urdu : a social and political history. Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. p. 201. ISBN 978-81-250-4248-8. OCLC 757810159.
  3. ^ "Kashmir and Jammu", Imperial Gazetteer of India, Secretary of State for India in Council: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 15: 71–, 1908
  4. ^ "Q&A: Kashmir dispute – BBC News". BBC News. 8 August 2019.
  5. ^ Bose, Sumantra (2003). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press. pp. 32–37. ISBN 0-674-01173-2.
  6. ^ a b Karim, Maj Gen Afsir (2013), Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers, Lancer Publishers LLC, pp. 29–32, ISBN 978-1-935501-76-3
  7. ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir 2007, p. 15.
  8. ^ a b Copland, Ian (1981), "Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34", Pacific Affairs, 54 (2): 228–259, doi:10.2307/2757363, JSTOR 2757363

Bibliography

  • Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
  • Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012), Jammu and Kashmir, Springer, ISBN 978-94-011-9231-6
  • Birdwood, Lord (1956), Two Nations and Kashmir, R. Hale
  • Huttenback, Robert A. (1961), (PDF), The Journal of Asian Studies, 20 (4): 477–488, doi:10.2307/2049956, JSTOR 2049956, archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2016
  • Mahajan, Mehr Chand (1963), Looking Back: The Autobiography of Mehr Chand Mahajan, Former Chief Justice of India, Asia Publishing House
  • Major, Andrew J. (1996), Return to Empire: Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid-nineteenth Century Limited, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, ISBN 81-207-1806-2
    • Major, Andrew J. (1981), Return to Empire: Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid-nineteenth Century, Australian National University, doi:10.25911/5d74e5bedfa9d
  • Noorani, A. G. (2011), Article 370: A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-807408-3
  • Panikkar, K. M. (1930). Gulab Singh. London: Martin Hopkinson Ltd.
  • Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 101–, ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7
  • Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co, ISBN 1850656614
  • Schofield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000], Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 1860648983
  • Singh, Bawa Satinder (1971), "Raja Gulab Singh's Role in the First Anglo-Sikh War", Modern Asian Studies, 5 (1): 35–59, doi:10.1017/s0026749x00002845, JSTOR 311654, S2CID 145500298

This article incorporates text from the Imperial Gazetteer of India, a publication now in the public domain.

January 07, 2023
jammu, kashmir, princely, state, this, article, about, administration, former, princely, state, current, union, territory, india, jammu, kashmir, union, territory, former, state, india, jammu, kashmir, state, history, history, kashmir, jammu, kashmir, official. This article is about the administration of the former princely state For the current union territory of India see Jammu and Kashmir union territory For the former state of India see Jammu and Kashmir state For the history see History of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir officially known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu 3 was a princely state during the Company rule in India from 1757 to 1858 as well as the British Raj in India from 1846 to 1952 The princely state was created after the First Anglo Sikh War from the territories that had earlier been in the Sikh Empire Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu1846 1952Top 1846 1936Bottom 1936 1953 Coat of armsMap of Kashmir and Jammu StateStatusPrincely stateCapitalSrinagarCommon languagesKashmiri Koshur Hindustani Hindi Urdu Dogri Ladakhi Balti Shina and othersReligionHinduism state religion Islam majority Sikhism Buddhism JainismGovernmentPrincely stateMaharaja 16 March 1846 30 June 1857Gulab Singh first 23 September 1925 17 November 1952Hari Singh last History Princely state established1846 First Kashmir War22 October 1947 Accession to the Indian Union26 27 October 1947 Ceasefire cession of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan 1 January 1949 Constitutional state of India17 November 1952 Disestablished1952Area Total85 885 1 sq mi 222 440 km2 Preceded by Succeeded bySikh EmpireMaqpon dynasty Republic of India Jammu and KashmirDominion of Pakistan Azad Kashmir Northern AreasToday part ofIndia Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh Pakistan Azad Kashmir Gilgit Baltistan China Aksai Chin Trans Karakoram Tract At the time of the partition of India and the political integration of India Hari Singh the ruler of the state delayed making a decision about the future of his state However an uprising in the western districts of the state followed by an attack by raiders from the neighbouring Northwest Frontier Province supported by Pakistan forced his hand On 26 October 1947 Hari Singh acceded to India in return for the Indian military being airlifted to Kashmir to engage the Pakistan supported forces starting the Kashmir conflict 4 The western and northern districts presently known as Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan passed to the control of Pakistan while the remaining territory remained under Indian control as the Indian administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh 5 Contents 1 Administration 1 1 Prime Ministers Jammu amp Kashmir 2 See also 3 References 4 BibliographyAdministration EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2018 According to the census reports of 1911 1921 and 1931 the administration was organised as follows 6 7 Jammu province Districts of Jammu Jasrota Kathua Udhampur Reasi and Mirpur Kashmir province Districts of Kashmir South Anantnag Kashmir North Baramulla and Muzaffarabad Frontier districts Wazarats of Ladakh and Gilgit Internal jagirs Poonch Bhaderwah and Chenani In the 1941 census further details of the frontier districts were given 6 Ladakh wazarat Tehsils of Leh Skardu and Kargil Gilgit wazarat Tehsils of Gilgit and Astore Frontier illaqas under the Gilgit Agency Punial Ishkoman Yasin Kuh Ghizer Hunza Nagar Chilas Prime Ministers Jammu amp Kashmir Edit Name Took Office Left Office1 Raja Sir Daljit Singh 1917 19212 Raja Hari Singh 1925 19273 Sir Albion Banerjee January 1927 March 19294 G E C Wakefield 1929 19315 Hari Krishan Kaul 8 1931 19326 Elliot James Dowell Colvin 8 1932 19367 Sir Barjor J Dalal 1936 19368 Sir N Gopalaswami Ayyangar 1937 July 19439 Kailash Narain Haksar July 1943 February 194410 Sir B N Rau February 1944 28 June 194511 Ram Chandra Kak 28 June 1945 11 August 194712 Janak Singh 11 August 1947 15 October 194713 Mehr Chand Mahajan 15 October 1947 5 March 194814 Sheikh Abdullah 5 March 1948 8 August 1953See also EditList of political parties in Jammu and Kashmir princely state Instrument of Accession Jammu and Kashmir Dogra dynastyReferences Edit David P Henige 2004 Princely States of India A Guide to Chronology and Rulers Orchid Press p 99 ISBN 978 974 524 049 0 Rahman Tariq 2011 From Hindi to Urdu a social and political history Orient Blackswan Private Ltd p 201 ISBN 978 81 250 4248 8 OCLC 757810159 Kashmir and Jammu Imperial Gazetteer of India Secretary of State for India in Council Oxford at the Clarendon Press 15 71 1908 Q amp A Kashmir dispute BBC News BBC News 8 August 2019 Bose Sumantra 2003 Kashmir Roots of Conflict Paths to Peace Harvard University Press pp 32 37 ISBN 0 674 01173 2 a b Karim Maj Gen Afsir 2013 Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers Lancer Publishers LLC pp 29 32 ISBN 978 1 935501 76 3 Behera Demystifying Kashmir 2007 p 15 a b Copland Ian 1981 Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir 1931 34 Pacific Affairs 54 2 228 259 doi 10 2307 2757363 JSTOR 2757363Bibliography EditBehera Navnita Chadha 2007 Demystifying Kashmir Pearson Education India ISBN 978 8131708460 Das Gupta Jyoti Bhusan 2012 Jammu and Kashmir Springer ISBN 978 94 011 9231 6 Birdwood Lord 1956 Two Nations and Kashmir R Hale Huttenback Robert A 1961 Gulab Singh and the Creation of the Dogra State of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh PDF The Journal of Asian Studies 20 4 477 488 doi 10 2307 2049956 JSTOR 2049956 archived from the original PDF on 15 August 2016 Mahajan Mehr Chand 1963 Looking Back The Autobiography of Mehr Chand Mahajan Former Chief Justice of India Asia Publishing House Major Andrew J 1996 Return to Empire Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid nineteenth Century Limited New Delhi Sterling Publishers ISBN 81 207 1806 2 Major Andrew J 1981 Return to Empire Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid nineteenth Century Australian National University doi 10 25911 5d74e5bedfa9d Noorani A G 2011 Article 370 A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 807408 3 Panikkar K M 1930 Gulab Singh London Martin Hopkinson Ltd Raghavan Srinath 2010 War and Peace in Modern India Palgrave Macmillan pp 101 ISBN 978 1 137 00737 7 Rai Mridu 2004 Hindu Rulers Muslim Subjects Islam Rights and the History of Kashmir C Hurst amp Co ISBN 1850656614 Schofield Victoria 2003 First published in 2000 Kashmir in Conflict London and New York I B Taurus amp Co ISBN 1860648983 Singh Bawa Satinder 1971 Raja Gulab Singh s Role in the First Anglo Sikh War Modern Asian Studies 5 1 35 59 doi 10 1017 s0026749x00002845 JSTOR 311654 S2CID 145500298 This article incorporates text from theImperial Gazetteer of India a publication now in the public domain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jammu and Kashmir princely state amp oldid 1131717098, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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