Haji Dideh, the Sultan of Zeila and prosperous Gadabuursi merchant was the pioneer of the name Côte Française des Somalis or the French Coast of the Somalis, and later French Somaliland, and coined the name to the French. He also built the first mosque in what is now known as Djibouti, which still functions as of today.[2][3][4] French Somaliland was formally established in 1896 after the Gadabuursi,[5]Issa[6] and Afar each signed a treaty with the French, but iterations of what would eventually become French Somaliland existed for few decades prior to the official formation. On March 11, 1862, a treaty signed by Afar Sultan Raieta Dini Ahmet in Paris ceded the territory of Obock for 10,000 thalaris, around 55,000 francs. Later on, that treaty was used by Captain Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle to colonize the south of the Bay of Tadjoura. On March 25, 1885 the French signed a treaty with the Gadabuursi, effectively making them a protectorate of France.[7] On March 26, 1885 the French signed another treaty with the Issa making the latter a protectorate under the French. No money changed hands and the Somalis did not sign away any of their land rights; the agreement was meant to protect their land from outsiders with the help of the French. However, after the French sailors of the Le Pingouin vessel were mysteriously killed in Ambado in 1886, the French first blamed the British, then the Somalis, using the incident to lay claim to the entire southern territory.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
An attempt by Russian adventurer Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov to establish a settlement at Sagallo in 1889 was promptly thwarted by French forces after just one month.
The construction of the Imperial Ethiopian Railway west into Ethiopia turned the port of Djibouti into a boomtown of 15,000[14] at a time when Harar was the only city in Ethiopia with a greater population.[15] Although the city's population fell after the completion of the line to Dire Dawa and the bankruptcy (and subsequent government bail-out) of the original company, the rail link allowed Djibouti to quickly overtake the caravan-based trade out of Zeila[16] (then in British Somaliland) and become the premier port for coffee and other goods leaving southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden through Harar. Before the French aligned with the Issa, the Gadabuursi held the position of the first Senator of the country, and is the first Somali head of state to lead the territory compromising Djibouti today. Djama Ali Moussa, a former sailor, pursued his political aspirations and managed to become the first Somali democratically elected head of state in French Somaliland.[17][18]
^France Ministère des colonies, Sous-secrétariat des colonies; DÉCRET N° 120, ARTICLE PREMIER (1896). "Bulletin officiel du Ministère des colonies". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2020-10-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Rayne, Henry a (8 August 2015). Sun, Sand and Somals; Leaves from the Note-Book of a District Commissioner in British Somaliland. BiblioLife. ISBN9781297569760.
^Farah, Rachad (1 September 2013). Un embajador en el centro de los acontecimientos (in Spanish). Editions L'Harmattan. p. 17. ISBN9782336321356.
^Yasin, Yasin Mohammed (2010). Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti(PDF) (Doctoral thesis). University of Hamburg. p. 92, who cites Morin, Didier (2005). "Gadabuursi". In Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.). Encyclopedia Aethiopica. Vol. II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 639–641 [p. 640].
^Henry, J. (1885). Traité de protectorat de la France sur les territoires du pays des Gada-boursis. Ministère des Colonies-Traités (1687–1911).
^Subjects of Empires, Citizens of States: Yemenis in Djibouti and Ethiopia
Further readingedit
Imbert-Vier, Simon (2008). Frontières et limites à Djibouti durant la période coloniale (1884–1977) (PhD thesis). Université de Provence–Aix-Marseille I.
Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Somaliland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 378–384, see page 382. French Somaliland
french, somaliland, french, côte, française, somalis, french, coast, somalis, somali, xeebta, soomaaliyeed, faransiiska, french, colony, horn, africa, existed, between, 1884, 1967, which, time, became, french, territory, afars, issas, republic, djibouti, legal. French Somaliland French Cote francaise des Somalis lit French Coast of the Somalis Somali Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska was a French colony in the Horn of Africa It existed between 1884 and 1967 at which time it became the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas The Republic of Djibouti is its legal successor state 1 French SomalilandCote francaise des Somalis French Dhulka Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska Somali الساحل الصومالي الفرنسي وتوابعه Arabic 1883 1967FlagAnthem La Marseillaise source source track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track French Somaliland in 1922StatusColony of France 1884 1946 Overseas territory of France 1946 1967 CapitalDjiboutiCommon languagesFrenchSomaliAfarArabicReligionChristianityIslamDemonym s SomaliFrench SomaliGovernmentDependent territoryGovernor 1884 1899Leonce Lagarde 1965 1967Louis SagetHistorical eraNew Imperialism EstablishedMay 20 1883 Italian invasionJune 18 1940 British occupationDecember 28 1942 Status changed to overseas territoryOctober 27 1946 RenamedJuly 5 1967CurrencyFrench franc 1883 1949 French Somaliland franc 1949 1967 Preceded by Succeeded byKhedivate s Somali Coast French Territory of the Afars and the IssasToday part ofDjibouti Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingHistory editHaji Dideh the Sultan of Zeila and prosperous Gadabuursi merchant was the pioneer of the name Cote Francaise des Somalis or the French Coast of the Somalis and later French Somaliland and coined the name to the French He also built the first mosque in what is now known as Djibouti which still functions as of today 2 3 4 French Somaliland was formally established in 1896 after the Gadabuursi 5 Issa 6 and Afar each signed a treaty with the French but iterations of what would eventually become French Somaliland existed for few decades prior to the official formation On March 11 1862 a treaty signed by Afar Sultan Raieta Dini Ahmet in Paris ceded the territory of Obock for 10 000 thalaris around 55 000 francs Later on that treaty was used by Captain Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle to colonize the south of the Bay of Tadjoura On March 25 1885 the French signed a treaty with the Gadabuursi effectively making them a protectorate of France 7 On March 26 1885 the French signed another treaty with the Issa making the latter a protectorate under the French No money changed hands and the Somalis did not sign away any of their land rights the agreement was meant to protect their land from outsiders with the help of the French However after the French sailors of the Le Pingouin vessel were mysteriously killed in Ambado in 1886 the French first blamed the British then the Somalis using the incident to lay claim to the entire southern territory 8 9 10 11 12 13 An attempt by Russian adventurer Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov to establish a settlement at Sagallo in 1889 was promptly thwarted by French forces after just one month nbsp Coast of the Somalis and dependencies nbsp Map showing the new borders of French Somaliland following the cession of territory to Italian Eritrea in 1935The construction of the Imperial Ethiopian Railway west into Ethiopia turned the port of Djibouti into a boomtown of 15 000 14 at a time when Harar was the only city in Ethiopia with a greater population 15 Although the city s population fell after the completion of the line to Dire Dawa and the bankruptcy and subsequent government bail out of the original company the rail link allowed Djibouti to quickly overtake the caravan based trade out of Zeila 16 then in British Somaliland and become the premier port for coffee and other goods leaving southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden through Harar Before the French aligned with the Issa the Gadabuursi held the position of the first Senator of the country and is the first Somali head of state to lead the territory compromising Djibouti today Djama Ali Moussa a former sailor pursued his political aspirations and managed to become the first Somali democratically elected head of state in French Somaliland 17 18 The railway continued operating after the Italian conquest of Ethiopia but following the tumult of the Second World War the area became a French overseas territory in 1946 In 1967 French Somaliland was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas and in 1977 became the independent country of Djibouti See also editList of governors of French Somaliland List of French possessions and colonies French colonial empireReferences edit France Ministere des colonies Sous secretariat des colonies DECRET N 120 ARTICLE PREMIER 1896 Bulletin officiel du Ministere des colonies gallica bnf fr Retrieved 2020 10 24 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Rayne Henry a 8 August 2015 Sun Sand and Somals Leaves from the Note Book of a District Commissioner in British Somaliland BiblioLife ISBN 9781297569760 Farah Rachad 1 September 2013 Un embajador en el centro de los acontecimientos in Spanish Editions L Harmattan p 17 ISBN 9782336321356 Yasin Yasin Mohammed 2010 Regional Dynamics of Inter ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa An Analysis of the Afar Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti PDF Doctoral thesis University of Hamburg p 92 who cites Morin Didier 2005 Gadabuursi In Uhlig Siegbert ed Encyclopedia Aethiopica Vol II Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Verlag pp 639 641 p 640 Henry J 1885 Traite de protectorat de la France sur les territoires du pays des Gada boursis Ministere des Colonies Traites 1687 1911 IREL visualisation d images anom archivesnationales culture gouv fr Retrieved 2020 10 30 Henry J 1885 Traite de protectorat de la France sur les territoires du pays des Gada boursis Ministere des Colonies Traites 1687 1911 Henri Brunschwig 1968 Histoire Africaine Cahiers d Etudes africaines 8 29 32 47 doi 10 3406 cea 1968 3123 Tracer des frontieres a Djibouti djibouti frontafrique org Retrieved 2020 10 23 Adolphe Martens Challamel Augustin C Luzac 1899 Le Regime de Protectorats Bruxelles Institut Colonial Internationale p 383 Simon Imbert Vier 2011 Trace des frontiere a Djibouti Paris Khartala p 128 Raph Uwechue Africa year book and who s who Africa Journal Ltd 1977 p 209 ISBN 0903274051 A Political Chronology of Africa Taylor amp Francis 2001 p 132 ISBN 1857431162 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Jibuti Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 414 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Abyssinia Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 1 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 86 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Zaila Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 950 Oberle Philippe Hugot Pierre 1985 chapitre 4 Subjects of Empires Citizens of States Yemenis in Djibouti and EthiopiaFurther reading editImbert Vier Simon 2008 Frontieres et limites a Djibouti durant la periode coloniale 1884 1977 PhD thesis Universite de Provence Aix Marseille I Cana Frank Richardson 1911 Somaliland Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed pp 378 384 see page 382 French Somaliland 11 36 N 43 10 E 11 600 N 43 167 E 11 600 43 167 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title French Somaliland amp oldid 1185860696, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
