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List of French possessions and colonies

March 18, 2023

This article is about every French colonial possession in history. For the current French overseas possessions, see Overseas France.

From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10,000,000 km2 (3,900,000 sq mi), the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire in the world only behind the British Empire; it extended over 13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi)[1][2] of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s. In terms of population however, on the eve of World War II, France and her colonial possessions totaled only 150 million inhabitants, compared with 330 million for British India alone. The total area of ​​the French colonial empire, with the first (mainly in the Americas and Asia) and second (mainly in Africa and Asia), the French colonial empires combined, reached 24,000,000 km2 (9,300,000 sq mi), the second largest in the world (the first being the British Empire).[citation needed]

French colonial empire 16th century-20th century

France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India, following Spanish and Portuguese successes during the Age of Discovery, in rivalry with Britain. A series of wars with Britain during the 18th century and early 19th century, which France finally lost, almost ended its colonial ambitions in these regions, and without it what some historians term the "first" French colonial empire. In the 19th century, starting with the conquest of Algiers in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia.

The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires in the last 500 years, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate.

In the Americas

Further information: List of French forts in North America
See also: Former colonies and territories in Canada and Timeline of the colonization of North America
 
Map of the northern part and upper southern parts of the Americas, showing the results of the expeditions of Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet (1673) and of Cavelier de la Salle in the Mississippi valley (1681).
 
Map of the territories having been controlled by France in North America.
 
This map shows the Louisiana Purchase area, which corresponds approximately with colonial French Louisiana.
 
Taking up of the Louisiana by La Salle in the name of the Kingdom of France
 
New France at its greatest extent in 1710.

In Africa

 
Map of French colonies in Africa (in green)

French North Africa

French West Africa

French Equatorial Africa

East Africa and Indian Ocean

In Asia

In Oceania

In Antarctica

 
Territory claim by France in Antarctic (Adélie Land)

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Robert Aldrich, Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996) p 304
  2. ^ Melvin E. Page, ed. (2003). Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 218. ISBN 9781576073353. from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  3. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-02-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Kalman Dubov (13 December 2021). Journey to the Republic of Indonesia Review & Analysis. Kalman Dubov. pp. Part one: H. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  5. ^ H. L. Wesseling (23 October 2015). The European Colonial Empires 1815-1919. Taylor & Francis. p. 104. ISBN 9781317895077. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  6. ^ "BnF - Voyage en Orient". expositions.bnf.fr. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  7. ^ Cheikh Saïd - The territory of Cheikh Saïd was acquired in 1868 by a French company. It is for that reason that it was formerly shown with the French colours on certain atlases. In fact, Cheikh Saïd has been occupied by the Turks since 1870, and by the Yemenis since the First World War., Dictionnaire encyclopédique Quillet, (1985 ed.).
  8. ^ . www.tahitiheritage.pf. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  9. ^ "Consulter le sujet - L'Australie serait-elle française ?!... • [Forums". Francedownunder.com. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
  10. ^ Godard, Philippe; Kerros, Tugdual de; Margot, Odette; Stanbury, Myra; Baxter, Sue; Western Australian Museum; Godard, Phillippe; De Kerros, Tugdual; Margot, Odette; Stanbury, Myra; Baxter, Sue (2008), 1772 : the French annexation of New Holland : the tale of Louis de Saint Aloürn, Western Australian Museum, ISBN 978-1-920843-98-4
  11. ^ Philippe Godard, Tugdual de Kerros 2002, "Louis de Saint Aloüarn, un marin breton à la conquête des terres australes", Les Portes du large, Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, 331-336
  12. ^ . Taaf.fr. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
  13. ^ . Kerguelen-voyages.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to French colonial empire.


March 18, 2023
list, french, possessions, colonies, this, article, about, every, french, colonial, possession, history, current, french, overseas, possessions, overseas, france, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, cit. This article is about every French colonial possession in history For the current French overseas possessions see Overseas France This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message From the 16th to the 17th centuries the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10 000 000 km2 3 900 000 sq mi the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire During the 19th and 20th centuries the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire in the world only behind the British Empire it extended over 13 500 000 km2 5 200 000 sq mi 1 2 of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s In terms of population however on the eve of World War II France and her colonial possessions totaled only 150 million inhabitants compared with 330 million for British India alone The total area of the French colonial empire with the first mainly in the Americas and Asia and second mainly in Africa and Asia the French colonial empires combined reached 24 000 000 km2 9 300 000 sq mi the second largest in the world the first being the British Empire citation needed French colonial empire 16th century 20th century France began to establish colonies in North America the Caribbean and India following Spanish and Portuguese successes during the Age of Discovery in rivalry with Britain A series of wars with Britain during the 18th century and early 19th century which France finally lost almost ended its colonial ambitions in these regions and without it what some historians term the first French colonial empire In the 19th century starting with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires in the last 500 years either entirely or in part either under French sovereignty or as mandate This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items October 2018 Contents 1 In the Americas 2 In Africa 2 1 French North Africa 2 2 French West Africa 2 3 French Equatorial Africa 2 4 East Africa and Indian Ocean 3 In Asia 4 In Oceania 5 In Antarctica 6 See also 7 Notes and references 8 External linksIn the Americas EditFurther information List of French forts in North America See also Former colonies and territories in Canada and Timeline of the colonization of North America Map of the northern part and upper southern parts of the Americas showing the results of the expeditions of Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet 1673 and of Cavelier de la Salle in the Mississippi valley 1681 Map of the territories having been controlled by France in North America This map shows the Louisiana Purchase area which corresponds approximately with colonial French Louisiana Taking up of the Louisiana by La Salle in the name of the Kingdom of France New France at its greatest extent in 1710 Present day Canada New France 1534 1763 and nearby lands Acadia 1604 1713 Newfoundland Hudson Bay Saint Lawrence River Great Lakes Lake Winnipeg Quebec Present day United States The Fort Saint Louis Texas 1685 1689 Saint Croix U S Virgin Islands 1650 1733 Fort Caroline in French Florida occupation by Huguenots 1562 1565 Vincennes and Fort Ouiatenon in Indiana French Louisiana 23 3 of the current U S territory 1801 1804 sold by Napoleon I also see Louisiana New Spain Lower Louisiana Upper Louisiana Louisiana New France 1672 1764 Present day Mexico French invasion of 1861 1867 1838 1839 1861 1867 Present day Brazil France Equinoxiale Bay of Sao Luis 1610 1615 The island of Saint Alexis 1531 The Territory of Amapa 1897 disputed Franco Brazilian territory resolved in favour of Brazil 3 The city of Vicosa Ceara Territory of Ibiapaba 1590 1604 France Antarctique to Fort Coligny Rio de Janeiro Bay intended as a haven for Huguenots 1555 1567 Ile Delphine s island 1736 1737 Present day Argentina French blockade of the Rio de la Plata and the Anglo French blockade of the Rio de la Plata Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia 1838 1840 1845 1850 1860 1862 Present day Chile Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia 1860 1862 Present day Haiti St Domingue 1627 1804 Present day Dominican Republic 1795 1809 Present day Suriname Tapanahony District of Sipaliwini Controversial Franco Dutch in favour of the Netherlands 25 8 of the current territory 1814 Present day Guyana 1782 1784 Present day Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Christopher Island 1628 1690 1698 1702 1706 1782 1783 Nevis 1782 1784 Present day Antigua and Barbuda Antigua briefly in 1666 Present day Trinidad and Tobago Tobago 1666 1667 1781 1793 1802 1803 Dominica 1625 1763 1778 1783 Grenada 1650 1762 1779 1783 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1719 1763 1779 1783 Saint Lucia 1650 1723 1756 1778 1784 1803 Turks and Caicos Islands 1783 Montserrat 1666 1712 Falkland Islands 1504 1701 1764 1767 Iles des Saintes 1648 present Marie Galante 1635 present la Desirade 1635 present Guadeloupe 1635 present Martinique 1635 present French Guiana 1604 present Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1604 1713 1763 present Collectivity of Saint Martin 1624 present Saint Barthelemy 1648 1784 1878 present Clipperton Island 1858 present In Africa Edit Map of French colonies in Africa in green French North Africa Edit Egypt 1798 1801 French Algeria 1830 1962 Protectorate of Tunisia 1881 1956 Protectorate in Morocco 1912 1956 Military Territory of Fezzan Ghadames 1943 1951 French West Africa Edit Ivory Coast 1843 1960 Dahomey or French Dahomey now Benin 1883 1960 Independent of Dahomey under French protectorate in 1889 Porto Novo protectorate 1863 1865 1882 Cotonou protectorate 1868 French Sudan now Mali 1883 1960 Senegambia and Niger 1902 1904 Guinea or French Guinea 1891 1958 Mauritania 1902 1960 Adrar emirate protectorate 1909 The Tagant confederation s emirate protectorate 1905 Brakna confederation s emirate protectorate Emirate of Trarza protectorate 1902 Niger 1890 1960 Sultanate of Damagaram Zinder protectorate 1899 Senegal 1677 1960 French Upper Volta now Burkina Faso 1896 1960 French Togoland 1918 1960 formerly a German colony mandate became a French colony now Togo Nigeria The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo territory under a lease of 30 years 1900 1927 The Emirate of Muri Northeast of Nigeria 1892 1893 Gambia Albreda 1681 1857 Kunta Kinteh Island 1695 1697 1702 French Equatorial Africa Edit Chad 1900 1960 Oubangui Chari currently Central African Republic 1905 1960 Dar al Kuti protectorate 1897 in 1912 its sultanate was suppressed by the French Sultanate of Bangassou protectorate 1894 Present day The Republic of Congo then French Congo 1875 1960 Gabon 1839 1960 French Cameroon 91 of current Cameroon 1918 1960 formerly a German colony Mandate Protectorate then French Colony Sao Tome and Principe 1709 East Africa and Indian Ocean Edit Madagascar 1896 1960 Kingdom of Imerina protectorate 1896 Isle de France 1715 1810 now Mauritius Djibouti French Somaliland the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas French Somalia 1862 1977 French Egypt 1798 1801 1858 1882 1956 Mayotte 1841 present Seychelles 1756 1810 Chagos Archipelago 1721 1745 1768 1814 The Scattered Islands Banc du Geyser Bassas da India Europa Island Juan de Nova Island Glorioso Islands Tromelin Island Comoros 1866 1975 Reunion 1710 present In Asia EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message French Indochina French Indochinese Union 1887 1954 Laos protectorate 1893 1953 Cambodia protectorate 1863 1953 Vietnam Cochinchina Southern Vietnam 1858 1949 Annam protectorate Central Vietnam 1883 1949 Tonkin protectorate Northern Vietnam 1884 1949 State of Vietnam 1949 1954 Spratly Islands 1933 1939 Paracel Islands 1933 1939 Some territories in the eastern part of Thailand independent state but after Franco Siamese War in 1893 Thailand has lost 3 provinces during the next 15 years Chanthaburi Province 1893 1904 Trat Province 1904 1907 Dan Sai District in the area of the Loei Province 1903 1907 India and Sri Lanka French India French Establishments of India composed of Pondichery 1765 1954 Karikal 1725 1954 Mahe 1721 1954 Yanaon 1723 1954 Chandannagar 1673 1952 Taiwan The city port of Keelung 1884 1885 Pescadores Islands 1885 Basilan 1845 Dutch East Indies 1808 1811 The Netherlands under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806 oversaw the Batavian Republic become the Commonwealth of Batavia and then dissolved and replaced by the Kingdom of Holland a French puppet kingdom ruled by Napoleon s third brother Louis Bonaparte Lodewijk Napoleon As a result the East Indies during this time were treated as a proxy French colony administrated through Dutch intermediary 4 5 China The territory of Kouang Tcheou Wan a dependency of French Indochina 1898 1945 The foreign concessions French Concession of Shanghai 1849 1946 Tianjin 1860 1946 and Hankou 1898 1946 The Spheres of French influence officially recognized by China on the provinces of Yunnan Guangxi Hainan Guangdong Shamian Island 1859 1949 a fifth of the island Palestine Syria or French Syria 1920 1946 French Mandate of Syria Alawite State 1920 1936 State of Aleppo 1920 1924 State of Jabal Druze 1921 1936 State of Damascus 1920 1924 Sanjak of Alexandretta now part of Turkey State of Greater Lebanon now it is Lebanon 1920 1946 Lebanon or French Lebanon 1920 1946 French Mandate of Lebanon Mount Lebanon An international protocol fixes the autonomy of the mount Lebanon under the protection of France 6 Yemen Cheikh Said Some French atlases and history books claimed the territory was French but France never occupied it and never claimed jurisdiction or sovereignty over the territory which therefore was never French remaining under Turkish then Yemeni control 7 In Oceania EditFrench Polynesia Society Islands became a French protectorate in 1843 and a colony in 1880 Otaheiti known as Tahiti protectorate 1842 1880 Raiatea and Tahaa protectorate 1880 Tuamotu Archipelago Marquesas Islands under French control in 1870 and later incorporated into the territory of French Polynesia Gambier Islands Mangareva protectorate 1844 1871 Austral Islands Rurutu Austral Islands protectorate 1858 1889 8 Papua New Guinea New Ireland 1880 1882 attempt at colonization unofficial New Caledonia Chesterfield Islands Matthew and Hunter Islands Loyalty Islands Ile des Pins Hawaiian Islands 1837 at the beginning of French presence there however the United States persuaded the local Queen to negotiate with them instead by means of the strength of a company of U S Marines Hawaii 1849 French invasion of Honolulu The New Hebrides Vanuatu French protectorate 1887 1906 Anglo French condominium 1906 1980 Australia Dirk Hartog Island 1772 made an unofficial annexation for all Australia 9 10 11 Wallis and Futuna 1887 present Kingdom of Uvea Wallis and Futuna declared to be a protectorate by King of Uvea and Captain Mallet in 1842 Officially in a treaty becomes a French protectorate in 1887 until annexed in 1917 Kingdom of Sigave signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate in 1888 until annexed in 1917 Kingdom of Alo Wallis and Futuna signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate in 1888 until annexed in 1917 In Antarctica Edit Territory claim by France in Antarctic Adelie Land French Southern and Antarctic Lands TAAF Crozet Islands 24 January 1772 12 present Kerguelen Islands 13 February 1772 13 present Ile Amsterdam in 1843 but abandoned 1892 present Ile Saint Paul in 1843 but abandoned 1892 present Adelie Land 1840 present sheltering one of two French Bases in Antarctica the other one being Franco Italian that borders with the Australian Antarctic Territory on both sides and divides that in two See also EditCFA franc Franco Trarzan War of 1825 French Africa French colonial flags French Colonial Union French colonization of the Americas Kouang Tcheou Wan a small French territory in China Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Overseas France Timeline of the European colonization of North America Troupes coloniales French colonial forcesNotes and references Edit Robert Aldrich Greater France A History of French Overseas Expansion 1996 p 304 Melvin E Page ed 2003 Colonialism An International Social Cultural and Political Encyclopedia ABC CLIO p 218 ISBN 9781576073353 Archived from the original on 19 November 2021 Retrieved 23 December 2021 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 20 Retrieved 2011 02 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Kalman Dubov 13 December 2021 Journey to the Republic of Indonesia Review amp Analysis Kalman Dubov pp Part one H Retrieved 29 August 2022 H L Wesseling 23 October 2015 The European Colonial Empires 1815 1919 Taylor amp Francis p 104 ISBN 9781317895077 Retrieved 2 September 2022 BnF Voyage en Orient expositions bnf fr Retrieved 23 September 2017 Cheikh Said The territory of Cheikh Said was acquired in 1868 by a French company It is for that reason that it was formerly shown with the French colours on certain atlases In fact Cheikh Said has been occupied by the Turks since 1870 and by the Yemenis since the First World War Dictionnaire encyclopedique Quillet 1985 ed Drapeau de Rurutu Tahiti Heritage www tahitiheritage pf Archived from the original on 10 October 2014 Retrieved 23 September 2017 Consulter le sujet L Australie serait elle franĂ aise Forums Francedownunder com Retrieved 2011 03 26 Godard Philippe Kerros Tugdual de Margot Odette Stanbury Myra Baxter Sue Western Australian Museum Godard Phillippe De Kerros Tugdual Margot Odette Stanbury Myra Baxter Sue 2008 1772 the French annexation of New Holland the tale of Louis de Saint Alourn Western Australian Museum ISBN 978 1 920843 98 4 Philippe Godard Tugdual de Kerros 2002 Louis de Saint Alouarn un marin breton a la conquete des terres australes Les Portes du large Saint Jacques de la Lande 331 336 TAAF Taaf fr Archived from the original on 2012 01 20 Retrieved 2012 01 10 Kerguelen yves tremarec james cook asia hillsborough rhodes Kerguelen voyages com Archived from the original on 2013 10 02 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to French colonial empire Portal Geography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of French possessions and colonies amp oldid 1140526585, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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