The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.
House of Bourbon-Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries
Temporary Habsburg rule
The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As Duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.
Return to the Bourbons
After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny Duchy of Lucca. As part of the return, the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Franco-Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.
The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the Duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of Duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.
During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duke of Parma until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.
^Marco Matteucci (30 April 2011). La real casa Borbone-Parma dal ducato ad oggi. 150 anni di vicende familiari (in Italian). ISBN8873991777.
^Gli ultimi Asburgo e gli ultimi Borbone in Italia (in Italian). 1971. p. 140. "All members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg, descendants of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix, were incorporated into the Bourbon-Parma Family, by grant to Prince Felix from his nephew, Duke Roberto Ugo, in 1964. All members of The Grand Ducal family of Luxembourg have since then been Princes and Princesses of Parma and Piacenza, or of Bourbon-Parma, with the treatment of Royal Highness. The title can be revoked from a descendant of Prince Felix only under the order of the Duke of Parma and Piacenza..."
^"Biography of H.R.H. Prince Félix". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. Prince Louis". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. Prince Sébastien". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. the Crown Prince". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. Princess Alexandra". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. the Grand Duke". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Biography of H.R.H. Grand Duke Jean". Cour Grand-Ducale (Official website of the Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg).
^"Le solenni esequie di Jean di Lussemburgo". Borboneparma.it (official website of the Parmesan Royal Family) (in Italian).
External links
Official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian and Spanish)
Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian)
house, bourbon, parma, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, october, 2014, learn, when, remove, this, template, mes. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations October 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The House of Bourbon Parma Italian Casa di Borbone di Parma is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza Guastalla and Lucca The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line Its name of Bourbon Parma comes from the main name Bourbon and the other Parma from the title of Duke of Parma The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder Philip Duke of Parma was the great grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese Duke of Parma 2 3 The House of Bourbon Parma is today the Sovereign House of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg agnatically and all members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Bourbon Parma with the title of Princes Princesses and the predicate of Royal Highness 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 House of Bourbon ParmaParent houseBourbon Anjou agnatic Farnese enatic Country Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Former countries Duchy of Parma Kingdom of Etruria Duchy of LuccaFounded18 October 1748FounderPhilip Duke of ParmaCurrent headPrince CarlosFinal rulerGuastalla Ferdinand I 1765 1802 Etruria Louis II 1803 1807 Lucca Charles I 1824 1847 Parma Robert I 1854 1859 TitlesCurrent Grand Duke of Luxembourg Prince of Bourbon de ParmeFormer King of Etruria King of Northern Lusitania 1 Duke of Parma Duke of Piacenza Duke of Guastalla Duke of LuccaDepositionEtruria 10 December 1807 annexed by French Empire Parma 9 June 1859 annexed by Sardinia Websitewww borboneparma itLesser Arms of Bourbon Parma Contents 1 Duchy of Parma 1 1 Temporary Habsburg rule 1 2 Return to the Bourbons 1 3 List of dukes 1 3 1 House of Bourbon Parma 1731 1735 1 3 2 House of Bourbon Parma 1748 1802 1 3 3 House of Bourbon Parma 1847 1859 1 3 4 Nominal Dukes of Parma since 1859 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksDuchy of Parma EditThe Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River as a fief for Pope Paul III s illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese centered on the city of Parma In 1556 the second Duke Ottavio Farnese was given the city of Piacenza becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza The House of Farnese continued to rule the duchies until 1731 and the death of the last male line duke Antonio Upon his death the duchy passed to Charles of Bourbon the heir to the duchy through his mother Elisabeth Farnese However by the terms of the Treaty of Vienna 1738 Charles had to give up the duchy to Austria House of Bourbon Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries Temporary Habsburg rule Edit The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle in 1748 when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain Charles s younger brother As Duke Philip he became the founder of the House of Bourbon Parma In 1796 the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte and absorbed into the Cisalpine Republic and Kingdom of Italy In 1814 the duchies were restored under Napoleon s Habsburg wife Marie Louise who was to rule them for her lifetime The duchy was renamed the Duchy of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla Return to the Bourbons Edit After Marie Louise s death in 1847 the duchy was restored to the Bourbon Parma line which had been ruling the tiny Duchy of Lucca As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena The Bourbons ruled until 1859 when they were driven out by a revolution following the Franco Sardinian victory in their war against Austria The duchies of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla and the Duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859 and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860 The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of Duke of Parma to this day Carlos Hugo Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s held the title from 1977 to his death His son now claims the title List of dukes Edit House of Bourbon Parma 1731 1735 Edit See also Bourbon family tree Duke Portrait Birth Marriages DeathCharles Duke of Parma1731 1735 20 January 1716Madridson of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma Maria Amalia of Saxony173813 children 14 December 1788Madridaged 72House of Bourbon Parma 1748 1802 Edit Duke Portrait Birth Marriages DeathPhilip Duke of Parma1748 1765 15 March 1720Madridson of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma Louise Elisabeth de Bourbon25 October 17393 children 18 July 1765Alessandriaaged 45Ferdinand I Duke of Parma1765 1802 20 January 1751Parmason of Philip Duke of Parma and Louise Elisabeth de Bourbon Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria19 July 17699 children 9 October 1802Fontevivoaged 51During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style From 1808 the title was used by Jean Jacques Regis de Cambaceres He kept the style of Duke of Parma until 1814 Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I House of Bourbon Parma 1847 1859 Edit Duke Portrait Birth Marriages DeathCharles II Duke of Parma1847 1848 22 December 1799Madridson of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa Duchess of Lucca Maria Teresa of Savoy5 September 18202 children 16 April 1883Niceaged 84Charles III Duke of Parma1848 1854 14 January 1823Luccason of Charles II Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy Princess Louise Marie Therese of France10 November 18454 children 27 March 1854Parmaaged 31Robert I Duke of Parma1854 1859 9 July 1848Florenceson of Charles III Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Therese of Artois Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies5 April 186912 childrenMaria Antonia of Portugal15 October 188412 children 16 November 1907Viareggioaged 59Nominal Dukes of Parma since 1859 Edit Duke Portrait Birth Marriages DeathRobert Duke of Parma1859 1907titular 9 July 1848Florenceson of Charles III Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Therese of Artois Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies5 April 186912 childrenMaria Antonia of Portugal15 October 188412 children 16 November 1907Viareggioaged 59Henry Duke of Parma1907 1939titular 13 June 1873Warteggson of Robert I Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies never married 16 November 1939Pianoreaged 66Joseph Duke of Parma1939 1950titular 30 June 1875Biarritzson of Robert I Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies never married 7 January 1950Pianoreaged 75Elias Duke of Parma1950 1959titular 23 July 1880Biarritzson of Robert I Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies Maria Anna of Austria25 May 1903Vienna8 children 27 June 1959Friedbergaged 79Robert II Duke of Parma1959 1974titular 7 August 1909Weilburgson of Elias Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria never married 25 November 1974Viennaaged 65Xavier Duke of Parma1974 1977titular 25 May 1889Viareggioson of Robert I Duke of Parma and Maria Antonia of Portugal Madeleine de Bourbon Busset12 November 1927Lignieres6 children 7 May 1977Zizersaged 87Carlos Hugo Duke of Parma1977 2010titular 8 April 1930Parisson of Xavier Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon Busset Princess Irene of the Netherlands29 April 1964Rome4 children 18 August 2010Barcelonaaged 80Carlos Duke of Parmasince 2010titular 27 January 1970Nijmegenson of Carlos Hugo Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands Annemarie Gualtherie van Weezel20 November 2010Brussels3 children incumbentSee also EditDescendants of Louis XIV of France List of Dukes of Parma Order of Prohibited Legitimacy Pretenders to the throne of ParmaReferences Edit According to the Convention of Fontainebleau French Royal Families General Books 2013 ISBN 9781230480824 House of Farnese General Books 2013 ISBN 9781230551890 Marco Matteucci 30 April 2011 La real casa Borbone Parma dal ducato ad oggi 150 anni di vicende familiari in Italian ISBN 8873991777 Gli ultimi Asburgo e gli ultimi Borbone in Italia in Italian 1971 p 140 All members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg descendants of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix were incorporated into the Bourbon Parma Family by grant to Prince Felix from his nephew Duke Roberto Ugo in 1964 All members of The Grand Ducal family of Luxembourg have since then been Princes and Princesses of Parma and Piacenza or of Bourbon Parma with the treatment of Royal Highness The title can be revoked from a descendant of Prince Felix only under the order of the Duke of Parma and Piacenza Biography of H R H Prince Felix Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H Prince Louis Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H Prince Sebastien Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H the Crown Prince Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H Princess Alexandra Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H the Grand Duke Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Biography of H R H Grand Duke Jean Cour Grand Ducale Official website of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Le solenni esequie di Jean di Lussemburgo Borboneparma it official website of the Parmesan Royal Family in Italian External links EditOfficial website of the House of Bourbon Parma in Italian and Spanish Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon Parma in Italian Newspaper clippings about House of Bourbon Parma in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title House of Bourbon Parma amp oldid 1158359122, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
