A breve (/ˈbriːv/(listen), less often /ˈbrɛv/(listen), neuter form of the Latinbrevis "short, brief") is the diacritic mark ˘, shaped like the bottom half of a circle. As used in Ancient Greek, it is also called brachy, βραχύ. It resembles the caron (the wedge or háček in Czech, mäkčeň in Slovak) but is rounded, in contrast to the angular tip of the caron. In many forms of Latin, ˘ is used for a shorter, softer variant of a vowel, such as "Ĭ", where the sound is nearly identical to the English /i/. (See: Latin IPA)
The breve sign indicates a short vowel, as opposed to the macron ¯, which indicates long vowels, in academic transcription. It is often used that way in dictionaries and textbooks of Latin, Ancient Greek, Tuareg and other languages. However, there is a frequent convention of indicating only the long vowels. It is then understood that a vowel with no macron is short. If the vowel length is unknown, a breve as well as a macron are used in historical linguistics (Ā̆ ā̆ Ē̆ ē̆ Ī̆ ī̆ Ō̆ ō̆ Ū̆ ū̆ Ȳ̆ ȳ̆).
Some typefaces differentiate Cyrillic style (top) and Latin style breve (bottom)
In Cyrillic script, a breve is used for Й. In Belarusian, it is used for both the Cyrillic Ў (semivowel U) and in the Latin (Łacinka) Ŭ. Ў was also used in Cyrillic Uzbek under the Soviet Union. The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet uses a breve on Ӂ to represent a voiced postalveolar affricate/d͡ʒ/ (corresponding to ⟨g⟩ before a front vowel in the Latin script for Moldovan). In Chuvash, a breve is used for Cyrillic letters Ӑ (A-breve) and Ӗ (E-breve). In Itelmen orthography, it is used for Ӑ, О̆ and Ў. The traditional Cyrillic breve differs in shape and is thicker on the edges of the curve and thinner in the middle, as opposed to the Latin one,[1] but the Unicode encoding is the same.
Contrastive use of Cyrillic kratka (for consonant [j]) and Latin breve (for short vowel [ĭ]) above и in Russian-Nenets dictionary
In Emilian, ĕ ŏ are used to represent [ɛ, ɔ] in dialects where also long [ɛː, ɔː] occur.
In other languages, it is used for other purposes.
In Romanian, A with breve represents /ə/, as in măr (apple).
G-breve appears in the Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Crimean Tatar, Tatar, and Turkish alphabets. In Turkish, ğ lengthens the preceding vowel. It is thus placed between two vowels and is silent in standard Turkish but may be pronounced [ɰ] in some regional dialects or varieties closer to Ottoman Turkish.
On German language maps, a double breve is often used in abbreviated placenames that end in -b͝g., short for -burg, a common suffix originally meaning “castle”. This prevents misinterpretation as -berg, another common suffix in placenames (meaning “mountain”). Thus, for example, Freib͝g. stands for Freiburg, not Freiberg.
^Бреве кириллическое, "кратка" [Cyrillic breve ("kratka")] (in Russian). ParaType.
^For example, that word 한글 han-geul is romanized in McCune-Reischauer as han'gŭl. The spelling han-geul is based on South Korea's Revised Romanization of Korean adopted in 2000 in part for ease in computer use, not on McCune-Reischauer. It is common, for convenience, to omit writing all diacritical marks in McCune-Reishchauer including breves, in which case the word is spelled hangul not han'gŭl. North Korea uses a variant of McCune-Reischauer that also utilizes breves for those two vowels.
^ ab"Code chart for Latin Extended Additional (U+1E00–U+1EFF)" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
External links
Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents
January 13, 2023
breve, confused, with, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers. Not to be confused with Brevet For other uses see Breve disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Breve news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message A breve ˈ b r iː v listen less often ˈ b r ɛ v listen neuter form of the Latin brevis short brief is the diacritic mark shaped like the bottom half of a circle As used in Ancient Greek it is also called brachy braxy It resembles the caron the wedge or hacek in Czech makcen in Slovak but is rounded in contrast to the angular tip of the caron In many forms of Latin is used for a shorter softer variant of a vowel such as Ĭ where the sound is nearly identical to the English i See Latin IPA Breve Breve vs caron Breve Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ Y y Caron Ǎ ǎ E e Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ Y y Contents 1 Length 2 Other uses 3 Letters with breve 4 Encoding 5 See also 6 Notes 7 External linksLength EditThe breve sign indicates a short vowel as opposed to the macron which indicates long vowels in academic transcription It is often used that way in dictionaries and textbooks of Latin Ancient Greek Tuareg and other languages However there is a frequent convention of indicating only the long vowels It is then understood that a vowel with no macron is short If the vowel length is unknown a breve as well as a macron are used in historical linguistics A a E e i i Ō ō u u Ȳ ȳ Some typefaces differentiate Cyrillic style top and Latin style breve bottom In Cyrillic script a breve is used for J In Belarusian it is used for both the Cyrillic Ў semivowel U and in the Latin Lacinka Ŭ Ў was also used in Cyrillic Uzbek under the Soviet Union The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet uses a breve on Ӂ to represent a voiced postalveolar affricate d ʒ corresponding to g before a front vowel in the Latin script for Moldovan In Chuvash a breve is used for Cyrillic letters Ӑ A breve and Ӗ E breve In Itelmen orthography it is used for Ӑ O and Ў The traditional Cyrillic breve differs in shape and is thicker on the edges of the curve and thinner in the middle as opposed to the Latin one 1 but the Unicode encoding is the same Contrastive use of Cyrillic kratka for consonant j and Latin breve for short vowel ĭ above i in Russian Nenets dictionary In Emilian ĕ ŏ are used to represent ɛ ɔ in dialects where also long ɛː ɔː occur In Esperanto u with breve ŭ represents a non syllabic u in diphthongs u analogous to Belarusian y In the transcription of Sinhala the breve over an m or an n indicates a prenasalized consonant for example n da is used to represent ⁿda In the International Phonetic Alphabet a breve over a phonetic symbol is used to indicate extra shortness Other uses EditIn other languages it is used for other purposes In Romanian A with breve represents e as in măr apple G breve appears in the Azerbaijani Kazakh Crimean Tatar Tatar and Turkish alphabets In Turkish g lengthens the preceding vowel It is thus placed between two vowels and is silent in standard Turkish but may be pronounced ɰ in some regional dialects or varieties closer to Ottoman Turkish The breve together with the circumflex and horn are used in the Vietnamese language to represent additional vowels The McCune Reischauer romanization system of the Korean alphabet s script uses breves over o and u to represent the vowels ㅓ ŏ and ㅡ ŭ 2 H breve below Ḫ ḫ is used to transliterate the Arabic character Ḫaʾ خ in DIN 31635 It is also used to transliterate Akkadian Hittite cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs On German language maps a double breve is often used in abbreviated placenames that end in b g short for burg a common suffix originally meaning castle This prevents misinterpretation as berg another common suffix in placenames meaning mountain Thus for example Freib g stands for Freiburg not Freiberg Certain transcription systems for certain varieties of Chinese employ the breve to represent one of the tones including Foochow Romanized for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min and Kienning Colloquial Romanized for the Jian ou dialect of Northern Min which also uses the caron I breve Ĭ ĭ is used in the dialects of Crimean Tatar language spoken in Romania It pronounce ɪ sound like in Tatar tĭlĭ Tatar language In Khmer ă ĕ ĭ ŏ œ and ŭ are used in Khmer romanization e g siĕm reăp Siem Reap In the Syriac languages ĕ is used to denote an eh or ˈɛ sound The ISO 259 Romanization of Hebrew uses ă ḝ and ŏ for reduced vowels Letters with breve Editvte Breve Latin Ă ăẮ ắẰ ằẲ ẳẴ ẵẶ ặC c Ĕ ĕḜ ḝG gḪ ḫĬ ĭK k M m N n Ŏ ŏŒ œ P p R r T t Ŭ ŭV v X x Y y Greek Ᾰ ᾰῘ ῐῨ ῠ Cyrillic Ӑ ӑӖ ӗӁ ӂJ jЎ yEncoding EditUnicode and HTML code decimal numeric character reference for breve characters Name Letter Unicode HTMLBreve spacing U 02D8 amp 728 Combining breve U 0306 amp 774 Combining breve below U 032E amp 814 Combining double breve U 035D amp 861 Combining double breve below U 035C amp 860 Breve with inverted breve spacing U AB5B amp 43867 LatinA breve Ăă U 0102U 0103 amp 258 amp 259 E breve Ĕĕ U 0114U 0115 amp 276 amp 277 I breve Ĭĭ U 012CU 012D amp 300 amp 301 O breve Ŏŏ U 014EU 014F amp 334 amp 335 U breve Ŭŭ U 016CU 016D amp 364 amp 365 Azerbaijani Tatar TurkishG breve Gg U 011EU 011F amp 286 amp 287 VietnameseA sắc breve Ắắ U 1EAEU 1EAF amp 7854 amp 7855 A huyền breve Ằằ U 1EB0U 1EB1 amp 7856 amp 7857 A hỏi breve Ẳẳ U 1EB2U 1EB3 amp 7858 amp 7859 A nga breve Ẵẵ U 1EB4U 1EB5 amp 7860 amp 7861 A nặng breve Ặặ U 1EB6U 1EB7 amp 7862 amp 7863 CyrillicA breve Ӑӑ U 04D0U 04D1 amp 1232 amp 1233 Ye breve Ӗӗ U 04D6U 04D7 amp 1238 amp 1239 Zhe breve Ӂӂ U 04C1U 04C2 amp 1217 amp 1218 Short I Jj U 0419U 0439 amp 1049 amp 1081 O breve O o U 041E U 0306U 043E U 0306 amp 1054 amp 774 amp 1086 amp 774 Short U Ўy U 040EU 045E amp 1038 amp 1118 GreekAlpha with brachy Ᾰᾰ U 1FB8U 1FB0 amp 8120 amp 8112 Iota with brachy Ῐῐ U 1FD8U 1FD0 amp 8152 amp 8144 Upsilon with brachy Ῠῠ U 1FE8U 1FE0 amp 8168 amp 8160 Arabic Hittite Akkadian Egyptian transliteration 3 H breve below Ḫḫ U 1E2AU 1E2B amp 7722 amp 7723 Hebrew transliteration 3 E cedilla breve Ḝḝ U 1E1CU 1E1D amp 7708 amp 7709 In LaTeX the controls u o and breve o put a breve over the letter o See also EditCaron Macron Inverted breveNotes Edit Breve kirillicheskoe kratka Cyrillic breve kratka in Russian ParaType For example that word 한글 han geul is romanized in McCune Reischauer as han gŭl The spelling han geul is based on South Korea s Revised Romanization of Korean adopted in 2000 in part for ease in computer use not on McCune Reischauer It is common for convenience to omit writing all diacritical marks in McCune Reishchauer including breves in which case the word is spelled hangul not han gŭl North Korea uses a variant of McCune Reischauer that also utilizes breves for those two vowels a b Code chart for Latin Extended Additional U 1E00 U 1EFF PDF The Unicode Standard Retrieved 2016 11 12 External links EditDiacritics Project All you need to design a font with correct accents Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Breve amp oldid 1132417986, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
