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Until the 19th century, Romanian was usually written using a local variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. A variant based on the reformed Russian civil script, first introduced in the late 18th century, became widespread in Bessarabia after its annexation to the Russian Empire, while the rest of the Principality of Moldavia gradually switched to a Latin-based alphabet, adopted officially after its union with Wallachia that resulted in the creation of Romania.[1] Grammars and dictionaries published in Bessarabia before 1917, both those that used the label "Moldovan" and the few that used "Romanian", used a version of the Cyrillic alphabet, with its use continuing in Bessarabia even after the 1918 union, in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers.[2] The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s, in the Soviet bid to standardise the orthography of Romanian in the Moldavian ASSR; at the same time furthering political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the Latin-based Romanian orthography introduced in Romania in the 1860s. As was the case with other Cyrillic-based languages in the Soviet Union, such as Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian, obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify orthography and boost literacy. It was abandoned for a Latin-based alphabet during the Union-wide Latinisation campaign in 1932.[citation needed] Its re-introduction was decided by the Central Executive Committee of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on May 19, 1938, albeit with an orthography more similar to standard Russian.[citation needed] Following the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, it was established as the official alphabet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic until 1989, when a law returned to the standard, Latin-based, Romanian alphabet.
There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet, which was seen "more suitable for the Romance core of the language", in the Moldavian SSR. In 1965, the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party, the replacement being deemed "contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes".[3]
The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is still the official and the only accepted alphabet in Transnistria for this language.
Moldovan Cyrillic spellings are also used in the media and in governmental publications in the Republic of Moldova for the names of settlements when writing in Russian, as opposed to using their Russian forms (e.g. Кишинэу is used in place of Кишинёв for the name of the city of Chișinău).[4]
Descriptionedit
All but one of the letters of this alphabet can be found in the modern Russian alphabet, the exception being the zhe with breve: Ӂ ӂ (U+04C1, U+04C2). The Russian letters Ё, Щ, and Ъ are absent from the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet, and the former two are usually substituted with corresponding clusters ЙО and ШТ respectively.
The following chart shows the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet compared with the Latin alphabet currently in use. IPA values are given for the post-1957 literary standard.
Chinn, Jeffrey (1993). "The Politics of Language in Moldova" (PDF). Demokratizatsya. 2 (2): 309–315. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Notesedit
^Denis Deletant, Slavonic letters in Moldova, Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries, Ed. Enciclopedicӑ, Bucharest 1991
^King, Charles (1999). "The Ambivalence of Authenticity, or How the Moldovan Language Was Made". Slavic Review. 58 (1): 117–142. doi:10.2307/2672992. JSTOR 2672992. S2CID 147578687.
^Michael Bruchis. The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia, in Soviet Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1. (January 1984), pp. 118-119.
^"Кишинев или Кишинэу? Кто прав в споре о названиях городов Молдовы" [Kishinev or Chișinău? Who is right in the dispute over the names of Moldovan cities]. newsmaker.md (in Russian). August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
External linksedit
Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet – example text and comparison with Latin script
for Windows
January 01, 1970
moldovan, cyrillic, alphabet, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jsto. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 216 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Moldavskij alfavit see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ru Moldavskij alfavit to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Not to be confused with Romanian Cyrillic alphabet The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Romanian language spoken in the Soviet Union Moldovan and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 and still in use today in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria Moldovan CyrillicScript typeAlphabetTime period1924 19321938 presentLanguagesRomanian in the Moldavian SSR and other parts of the former Soviet Union known there as Moldovan Related scriptsParent systemsPhoenician alphabetGreek alphabetGlagolitic scriptCyrillic scriptMoldovan CyrillicSister systemsRomanian Cyrillic alphabet This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Welcome Bine ați venit sign in Moldovan Cyrillic in Tiraspol the capital of Transnistria in 2012 Contents 1 History 2 Description 3 Sample text 4 See also 5 References 6 Notes 7 External linksHistory editUntil the 19th century Romanian was usually written using a local variant of the Cyrillic alphabet A variant based on the reformed Russian civil script first introduced in the late 18th century became widespread in Bessarabia after its annexation to the Russian Empire while the rest of the Principality of Moldavia gradually switched to a Latin based alphabet adopted officially after its union with Wallachia that resulted in the creation of Romania 1 Grammars and dictionaries published in Bessarabia before 1917 both those that used the label Moldovan and the few that used Romanian used a version of the Cyrillic alphabet with its use continuing in Bessarabia even after the 1918 union in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers 2 The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s in the Soviet bid to standardise the orthography of Romanian in the Moldavian ASSR at the same time furthering political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the Latin based Romanian orthography introduced in Romania in the 1860s As was the case with other Cyrillic based languages in the Soviet Union such as Russian Ukrainian or Belarusian obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify orthography and boost literacy It was abandoned for a Latin based alphabet during the Union wide Latinisation campaign in 1932 citation needed Its re introduction was decided by the Central Executive Committee of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on May 19 1938 albeit with an orthography more similar to standard Russian citation needed Following the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina it was established as the official alphabet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic until 1989 when a law returned to the standard Latin based Romanian alphabet There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet which was seen more suitable for the Romance core of the language in the Moldavian SSR In 1965 the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party the replacement being deemed contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes 3 The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is still the official and the only accepted alphabet in Transnistria for this language Moldovan Cyrillic spellings are also used in the media and in governmental publications in the Republic of Moldova for the names of settlements when writing in Russian as opposed to using their Russian forms e g Kishineu is used in place of Kishinyov for the name of the city of Chișinău 4 Description editAll but one of the letters of this alphabet can be found in the modern Russian alphabet the exception being the zhe with breve Ӂ ӂ U 04C1 U 04C2 The Russian letters Yo Sh and are absent from the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet and the former two are usually substituted with corresponding clusters JO and ShT respectively The following chart shows the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet compared with the Latin alphabet currently in use IPA values are given for the post 1957 literary standard Cyrillic letter Equates to Latin letter Name As employed in this context IPA Example A a a a a a B b b be be b V v v ve ve v G g g gh ge ghe gh used before i or e elsewhere g ɡ Ghidul Gidul Gheorghe George D d d de de d E e e ie e e ie after a vowel or if it alternates with ia elsewhere e e je Sovietică Sovetike alternated with ia Moșie Moshie șuierătoare shueretoare Zh zh j zhe je ʒ Ӂ ӂ g ge gi ӂe ge g before i and e ge before a gi elsewhere dʒ fulgerele fulӂerele geanta ӂyanta Z z z ze ze z I i i ii citation needed i i ii used at end of word i elsewhere i Codrii Kodrij J j i i skurt i scurt before and after vowels j Doina Dojna K k c ch ka ka ch before i and e c elsewhere k Chirilice Kiriliche Cherestea Kerestya L l l le le l M m m me me m N n n ne ne n O o o o o o P p p pe pe p R r r re re r S s s se se s T t t te te t U u u u u u F f f fe fe f H h h ha ha h C c ț ce țe ts Ch ch c ce ci che ce c before i and e ce before a ci elsewhere tʃ ce che ceasuri chyasur Socialistă Sochialiste zbuciumul zbuchumul Sh sh ș she șe ʃ Y y a i y i a and i ɨ i semnul moale semnul moale At end of word usually ʲ i e palatalization of preceding consonant veșnici veshnich E e ă e ă e Yu yu iu yu iu ju ʲu Ya ya ea ia ya ia ea after a consonant or e ia elsewhere ja ʲa Neaga Nyaga Piatră PyatreSample text editThis text is from Limba noastră Latin script Moldovan Cyrillic script Limba noastră i o comoară In adincuri infundată Un șirag de piatră rară Pe moșie revărsată Limba noastre j o komoare Yn adynkur ynfundate Un shirag de pyatre rare Pe moshie reversate Limba noastră i foc ce arde Intr un neam ce fără veste S a trezit din somn de moarte Ca viteazul din poveste Limba noastre j fok che arde Yntr un nyam che fere veste S a trezit din somn de moarte Ka vityazul din poveste Limba noastră i numai cintec Doina dorurilor noastre Roi de fulgere ce spintec Nouri negri zări albastre Limba noastre j numaj kyntek Dojna dorurilor noastre Roj de fulӂere che spintek Nour negri zer albastre Limba noastră i graiul piinii Cind de vint se mișcă vara In rostirea ei bătrinii Cu sudori sfințit au țara Limba noastre j grayul pynij Kynd de vynt se mishke vara Yn rostirya ej betrynij Ku sudor sfincit au cara Limba noastră i frunză verde Zbuciumul din codrii veșnici Nistrul lin ce n valuri pierde Ai luceferilor sfeșnici Limba noastre j frunze verde Zbuchumul din kodrij veshnich Nistrul lin che n valur perde Aj lucheferilor sfeshnich Nu veți plinge atunci amarnic Că vi i limba prea săracă Și ți vedea cit ii de darnic Graiul țării noastre dragă Nu vec plynӂe atunch amarnik Ke vi j limba prya serake Shi c vedya kyt yj de darnik Grayul cerij noastre drage Limba noastră i vechi izvoade Povestiri din alte vremuri Și citindu le nșirate Te nfiori adinc și tremuri Limba noastre j vek izvoade Povestir din alte vremur Shi chitindu le nshirate Te nfior adynk shi tremur Limba noastră ii aleasă Să ridice slava n ceruri Să ne spuie n hram și acasă Veșnicele adevăruri Limba noastre yj alyase Se ridiche slave n cherur Se ne spue n hram shi akase Veshnichele adeverur Limba noastră i limbă sfintă Limba vechilor cazanii Care o pling și care o cintă Pe la vatra lor țăranii Limba noastre j limbe sfynte Limba vekilor kazanij Kare o plyng shi kare o kynte Pe la vatra lor ceranij Inviați vă dar graiul Ruginit de multă vreme Stergeți slinul mucegaiul Al uitării n care geme Ynviyaci ve dar grayul Ruӂinit de multe vreme Shterӂec slinul muchegayul Al ujterij n kare ӂeme Stringeți piatra lucitoare Ce din soare se aprinde Și ți avea in revărsare Un potop nou de cuvinte Strynӂec pyatra luchitoare Che din soare se aprinde Shi c avya yn reversare Un potop nou de kuvinte Răsări va o comoară In adincuri infundată Un șirag de piatră rară Pe moșie revărsată Reseri va o komoare Yn adynkur ynfundate Un shirag de pyatre rare Pe moshie reversate See also edit nbsp Moldova portal nbsp Languages portal Romanian alphabet Romanian Cyrillic alphabet Romanian transitional alphabet ӁReferences editKing Charles 2000 The Moldovans Romania Russia and the Politics of Culture Hoover Institution Press ISBN 0 8179 9792 X Chinn Jeffrey 1993 The Politics of Language in Moldova PDF Demokratizatsya 2 2 309 315 Retrieved August 22 2011 Notes edit Denis Deletant Slavonic letters in Moldova Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries Ed Enciclopedicӑ Bucharest 1991 King Charles 1999 The Ambivalence of Authenticity or How the Moldovan Language Was Made Slavic Review 58 1 117 142 doi 10 2307 2672992 JSTOR 2672992 S2CID 147578687 Michael Bruchis The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia in Soviet Studies Vol 36 No 1 January 1984 pp 118 119 Kishinev ili Kishineu Kto prav v spore o nazvaniyah gorodov Moldovy Kishinev or Chișinău Who is right in the dispute over the names of Moldovan cities newsmaker md in Russian August 22 2017 Retrieved September 27 2022 External links editMoldovan Cyrillic alphabet example text and comparison with Latin script Moldovan Cyrillic moldovenyaske Keyboard Layout for Windows Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet amp oldid 1215966687, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
