DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for /dʒ/ in the English-speaking world and for /j/ in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.
The ḥarakāt (fatḥah, kasrah and ḍammah) are transliterated as a, i and u. A šaddah results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the sun letters assimilated.
An ʾalif marking /aː/ is transliterated as ā. The letter (ﺓ) tāʾ marbūṭah is transliterated as word-final -h normally, or -t in a word in the construct state.
Hamzah has many variants, أ إ ء ئ ؤ; depending on its position, all of them are transliterated as ⟨ʾ⟩. The initial ʾalif (ا) without a hamzah is not transliterated using ʾ initially, only the initial vowel is transliterated (if pronounced): i-.
(ﻯ) ʾalif maqṣūrah appears as ā, transliterating it indistinguishable from ʾalif.[2] Long vowels /iː/ and /uː/ are transliterated as ī and ū. The nisbah suffix /ij(j),ijja/ appears as -iyy, -iyyah although the former is normally transliterated as -ī, and nunation is ignored in transliteration. A hyphen - is used to separate clitics (the article, the prepositions and the conjunction) from words to which they are attached.
^In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always ى (without dots).
^ى for final /-aː/ is also known as ألف لينةʾalif layyinah[ˈʔæleflæjˈjenæ] "flexible ʾalif".
Referencesedit
Brockelmann, Carl; Ronkel, Philippus Samuel van (1935). Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer Anwendung auf die Hauptliteratursprachen der islamischen Welt: Denkschrift dem 19. internationalen Orientalistenkongreß in Rom(PDF). Leipzig.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External linksedit
Chart of Arabic transliteration systems (non-normative), including DIN 31635, Revision 2.2 (2008-02-25)
Deutsches Institut für Normung
December 02, 2023
31635, deutsches, institut, für, normung, standard, transliteration, arabic, alphabet, adopted, 1982, based, rules, deutsche, morgenländische, gesellschaft, modified, international, orientalist, congress, 1935, rome, most, important, differences, from, english. DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut fur Normung DIN standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982 It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft DMG as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome The most important differences from English based systems were doing away with j because it stood for dʒ in the English speaking world and for j in the German speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th dh kh gh sh Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance one sign for each Arabic letter and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr Today it is used in most German language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies Contents 1 Table 2 Rules 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksTable editThe 28 letters Arabic letters ء ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ى 1 DIN 31635 ʾ a b t ṯ ǧ ḥ ḫ d ḏ r z s s ṣ ḍ ṭ ẓ ʿ ġ f q k l m n h w u y iALA LC ʼ a th j kh dh sh ʻ ghIPA MSA ʔ aː b t 8 dʒ ɡ ʒ ħ x d d r z s ʃ sˤ dˤ tˤ dˤ zˤ ʕ ɣ f q k l m n h w uː j iːRules editThe ḥarakat fatḥah kasrah and ḍammah are transliterated as a i and u A saddah results in a geminate consonant written twice The article is written with the sun letters assimilated An ʾalif marking aː is transliterated as a The letter ﺓ taʾ marbuṭah is transliterated as word final h normally or t in a word in the construct state Hamzah has many variants أ إ ء ئ ؤ depending on its position all of them are transliterated as ʾ The initial ʾalif ا without a hamzah is not transliterated using ʾ initially only the initial vowel is transliterated if pronounced i ﻯ ʾalif maqṣurah appears as a transliterating it indistinguishable from ʾalif 2 Long vowels iː and uː are transliterated as i and u The nisbah suffix ij j ijja appears as iyy iyyah although the former is normally transliterated as i and nunation is ignored in transliteration A hyphen is used to separate clitics the article the prepositions and the conjunction from words to which they are attached The Eastern Arabic numerals ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ are rendered as western Arabic numerals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 See also editRomanization of Arabic ISO 233 Hans Wehr transliteration Arabic phonology Help IPA Arabic Wikipedia help Notes edit In Egypt Sudan and sometimes other regions the final form is always ى without dots ى for final aː is also known as ألف لينة ʾalif layyinah ˈʔaelef laejˈjenae flexible ʾalif References editBrockelmann Carl Ronkel Philippus Samuel van 1935 Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer Anwendung auf die Hauptliteratursprachen der islamischen Welt Denkschrift dem 19 internationalen Orientalistenkongress in Rom PDF Leipzig a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Reprint Wiesbaden 1969 External links editChart of Arabic transliteration systems non normative including DIN 31635 Revision 2 2 2008 02 25 Deutsches Institut fur Normung Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title DIN 31635 amp oldid 1172857182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
