Twin films

Twin films are films with the same or similar plots produced and released at the same time by two different film studios.^[1] The phenomenon can result from two or more production companies investing in similar scripts at the same time, resulting in a race to distribute the films to audiences.^[2][3] Some attribute twin films to industrial espionage, the movement of staff between studios, or that the same screenplays are sent to several film studios before being accepted. Another possible explanation is if the films deal with topical issues, such as volcanic eruptions, reality television, terrorist attacks, or significant anniversaries, resulting in multiple discovery of the concept.^[3]

While twin films are often big budget films, a mockbuster can be made with a low budget, with similar titles, aesthetics, or theme as blockbuster films.^[4] Mockbusters are usually given more limited release and marketing, intending to take advantage of the public interest in the topic driven by the major film.

Avoiding twin films

Screenwriter Terry Rossio notes that there are always film projects with similar subjects being developed in multiple studios, and that usually only one of them makes it into production in a given period of time, and therefore twin films are better regarded as exceptions to this tendency.^[5] For example, the release of the 2015 Whitey Bulger biopic Black Mass led to the abandonment of a planned film about Bulger that would have been produced by Ben Affleck and Matt Damon.^[6]

The 2008 film Who Do You Love?, about American record label Chess Records, had its widespread release delayed until 2010 to avoid competing with Cadillac Records, a higher-budget 2008 film on the same subject.^[7]

In one case, for the 1974 film The Towering Inferno, the fear of having competing action thrillers, both set in a burning skyscraper, convinced two Hollywood studios to merge their productions into one (all-star) film.^[8]

Notable examples

Notable examples of twin films are included in this list:^{[9][10][11][12]}

First film	Release date	Second film	Release date	Similarities
Ivanhoe	1913	Ivanhoe	1913	Based on Ivanhoe (1819).
The Three Musketeers	1921	Les Trois Mousquetaires	1921	Based on The Three Musketeers (1844).
The Spanish Dancer	1923	Rosita	1923	Based on the play Don César de Bazan (1844) and the opera Don César de Bazan (1872).
Dishonored	1931	Mata Hari	1931	Both films are about female spies. M-G-M studios, alarmed by the competition that the Sternberg-Dietrich phenomena posed to star Greta Garbo, responded with the copycat Mata Hari the same year.^[13]
Topaze	1933	Topaze	1933	Both are adaptations of the play by Marcel Pagnol released a month apart.
Little Man, What Now?	1933	Little Man, What Now?	1934	Both are adaptations of the novel by Hans Fallada.
The Rise of Catherine the Great	1934	The Scarlet Empress	1934	Both are about Catherine the Great.
Crime and Punishment	1935	Crime and Punishment	1935	Both are about Crime and Punishment.
The Emperor's Candlesticks	1936	The Emperor's Candlesticks	1937	Both are adaptations of The Emperor's Candlesticks (1899) by Baroness Orczy.
Jezebel	1938	Gone with the Wind	1939	William Wyler's Jezebel (1938) was reportedly created for Bette Davis when she failed to win the highly coveted role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939). Both films were about feisty, independent Southern belles during the American Civil War.
Young Mr. Lincoln	1939	Abe Lincoln in Illinois	1940	Both are about Abraham Lincoln.^[14]^[15]
Journey into Fear	1943	Background to Danger	1943	An American becomes the target of Nazi spies in neutral Turkey. Based on novels by Eric Ambler.
Rhapsody Rabbit	1946	The Cat Concerto	1947	Both cartoons center around a piano rendition of "Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2", and both feature a mouse pestering the pianist. See also Rhapsody Rabbit § Plagiarism dispute.
Volcano	1950	Stromboli	1950	Both are films about a woman who is forced to move to a volcanic island in Italy, where she is ostracized by the locals. Volcano was widely viewed as star Anna Magnani's revenge at not having been cast in Stromboli, as she had been promised by director Roberto Rossellini; this dispute was covered in the 2012 documentary The War of the Volcanoes.
Manina, the Girl in the Bikini	1952	Woman of the Red Sea	1953	Brigitte Bardot and Sophia Loren in their first main roles as girls in bathing suits in films about deep sea diving.
The Daughter of the Regiment	1953	Daughter of the Regiment	1953	Based on La fille du régiment (1840) by Gaetano Donizetti
Sign of the Pagan	1954	Attila	1954	Both films about Attila and his invasion of the Western Roman Empire; a contemporary review in The New York Times writes, "Attila the Hun, quite ignored by moviemakers up to now, is about to step into the limelight in two new films."^[16]
Touchez pas au grisbi	1954	Rififi	1955	Both are films about aging gangsters in Paris. After a successful heist they have to fight against a rival gang.
The Plot to Assassinate Hitler	1955	Jackboot Mutiny	1955	Both are about the 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
The Fly	1958	The Wasp Woman	1959	Both films are about a human being transforming into a giant insect (a fly and a wasp).
Tarzan's Greatest Adventure	1959	Tarzan, the Ape Man	1959	Both movies are about Tarzan and an adventure that he has.
Oscar Wilde	1960	The Trials of Oscar Wilde	1960	Both are about the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde.
Portrait of a Mobster	1961	Mad Dog Coll	1961	Films about Dutch Schultz and Mad Dog Coll.
Mutiny on the Bounty	1962	H.M.S. Defiant	1962	Films about mutinies on British ships in the late 18th century.
Cleopatra	1963	A Queen for Caesar	1962	Films about Cleopatra.
Captain Clegg	1962	The Scarecrow of Romney Marsh	1963	Both films were based on Doctor Syn (1915) by Russell Thorndike.
Dr. Strangelove	1964	Fail Safe	1964	Both deal with the concept of accidental nuclear war, although Dr. Strangelove is satire, while Fail Safe is a drama.
Harlow	1965	Harlow	1965	Both were based on the life story of Jean Harlow.
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines	1965	The Great Race	1965	Both are slapstick films about a race in the early 1900s, inspired by the success of It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963).^[17]^[18]^[19] The films were released two weeks apart.^[20]
The Quiller Memorandum	1966	Funeral in Berlin	1966	Both are spy films set in contemporary Berlin.
You're a Big Boy Now	1966	The Graduate	1967	Also Benjamin (1968). All are coming-of-age comedy-drama films about a young man being pursued by an older woman.^[21]
Three Resurrected Drunkards	1968	Head	1968	Both films feature a boy band that tackle the common anti-war and counter-culture themes of the time whilst utilizing a time-loop and dream-like narrative.
Yours, Mine and Ours	1968	With Six You Get Eggroll	1968	Both movies deal with widowed parents marrying and combining both of their families.
Fellini Satyricon	1969	Satyricon	1969	Both films were based on Petronius's work, Satyricon.
Venus in Furs	1969	Venus in Furs	1969	Both films were based on Venus in Furs (1870) by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
Don't Grieve	1969	Mon oncle Benjamin	1969	Both films were based on Mon oncle Benjamin [fr] (1842) by Claude Tillier.
The Thirteen Chairs	1969	The Twelve Chairs	1970	Also The Twelve Chairs (1971). All are based on the Russian 1928 novel The Twelve Chairs by Ilf and Petrov.
Leo the Last	1970	The Landlord	1970	Both deal with issues of class and race and feature an upper-class man who moves into a lower-class black neighborhood and gets involved with the residents.^[22]
The Strawberry Statement	1970	Getting Straight	1970	Also The Revolutionary and R. P. M. (1970). All are dramas about campus revolt.^[23]
Bloody Mama	1970	The Grissom Gang	1971	Both based on the life story of Ma Barker.^[24]
Goya, a Story of Solitude	1971	Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment	1971	Biographical films about Francisco Goya.
Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song	1971	Shaft	1971	Both are frequently credited as the earliest examples of the blaxploitation genre.
Ludwig	1973	Ludwig: Requiem for a Virgin King	1972	Both concern Ludwig II of Bavaria.
Godspell	1973	Jesus Christ Superstar	1973	Both adaptations of 1971 Broadway musicals based on the life of Jesus Christ.^[25]^[26]
A Doll's House	1973	A Doll's House	1973	Also Nora Helmer [de] (1974). Adaptations of Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House (1879).
The Gambler	1974	California Split	1974	Both portray Jewish protagonists addicted to gambling on a downward spiral.
Executive Action	1973	The Parallax View	1974	Paranoid thrillers about political assassinations.
Eskimo Nell	1975	The True Story of Eskimo Nell	1975	Based on The Ballad of Eskimo Nell.
Rollerball	1975	Death Race 2000	1975	Both are dystopian science fiction action films involving dangerous and, sometimes, fatal sports.
Cannonball	1976	The Gumball Rally	1976	Both about the same illegal cross-country race.
Victory at Entebbe	1976	Raid on Entebbe	1977	Also Operation Thunderbolt (1977). All are based on the real-life Operation Entebbe, in which Israeli hostages from a hijacked airplane were freed on July 4, 1976.
Fellini's Casanova	1976	Casanova & Co.	1977	Two films about Giacomo Casanova.
Brink's: The Great Robbery	1976	The Brink's Job	1978	Both films are based on the Brink's robbery of 1950 in Boston, where almost 3 million dollars was stolen.
The Last Remake of Beau Geste	1977	March or Die	1977	Two films about the French Foreign Legion.
Valentino	1977	The World's Greatest Lover	1977	Two films based on the Hollywood career of Rudolph Valentino.
Star Wars	1977	Star Trek: The Motion Picture	1979	Also Starcrash (1978) and Battle Beyond the Stars (1980). All are space opera adventure films involving a destructive power that can destroy planets, and the hero's actions to stop it. Both Star Trek and Star Wars were the first in their movie series, respectively.
Corvette Summer	1978	Stingray	1978	Both are action comedies about a Chevrolet Corvette.
The Warriors	1979	The Wanderers	1979	Both are about gang wars between New York teenage street gangs of various ethnicities.
Nosferatu the Vampyre	1979	Dracula	1979	Also Love At First Bite (1979). All are based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.
The Amityville Horror	1979	The Shining	1980	Both are supernatural horror films about a family moving into a building where a previous family of tenants has been murdered, in which the father gets possessed by the previous murderer, ultimately attacking his family with an axe.
Border Cop	1979	Borderline	1980	Also The Border (1982); all involve border patrol or immigration enforcement agents who have dangerous encounters with criminals.
Sphinx	1981	Raiders of the Lost Ark	1981	Adventure films about archaeologists in Egypt. John Rhys-Davies and Vic Tablian have roles in both films.
The Last Chase	1981	Firebird 2015 AD	1981	Both films which take place in a future where the American government has banned private automobiles.
Roar	1981	Savage Harvest	1981	Both films feature American families being attacked by lions in Africa.
The Howling	1981	Wolfen	1981	Also An American Werewolf in London (1981); all either involve werewolves or supernatural wolf-like creatures.
Porky's	1981	The Last American Virgin	1982	Also Screwballs and Losin' It (both 1983); all are sex comedies depicting a group of young male friends trying to lose their respective virginities or perform another sexually related mission.
The Killing of Angel Street	1981	Heatwave	1982	Both were loosely based on the disappearance of Australian anti-development activist Juanita Nielsen.^[27]^[28]
Reds	1981	Red Bells	1982	Also Red Bells II (1983). Films about journalist John Reed (1887–1920).
Some Kind of Hero	1982	First Blood	1982	Also Ruckus (1980). Films feature a Vietnam veteran who returns home who then has trouble adjusting to civilian life.
The Pirate Movie	1982	The Pirates of Penzance	1983	Both are adaptations of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Pirates of Penzance.
Carmen	1983	Carmen	1984	Also First Name: Carmen (1983). All are inspired by Georges Bizet's opera Carmen.
Octopussy	1983	Never Say Never Again	1983	Both films feature slightly older-than-usual versions of the fictional super-spy, James Bond, as played by actors who had played him in multiple past Bond films (Roger Moore and Sean Connery respectively).
Wild Style	1983	Beat Street	1984	Both are well-received old-school hip hop films, focusing on all four pillars of hip hop culture.^[29]^[30] See also 1983 documentary, Style Wars, focusing on graffiti and to a lesser extent breakdancing; 1984 film Breakin' focused largely on breakdancing; 1985's Krush Groove, a fictionalized retelling of the founding of Def Jam, focused more on and rap music. Many overlapping performers appear in the films, such as the Rock Steady Crew in Wild Style, Style Wars, and Beat Street.
The Day After	1983	Threads	1984	Also Testament (1983) and One Night Stand (1984); all are about the run-up and aftermath of a nuclear attack.
Country	1984	The River	1984	Also Places in the Heart (1984); all are about the difficulties faced by family farms.
Dreamscape	1984	A Nightmare On Elm Street	1984	Both are about people entering the dreams of others and being able to kill them in real life by killing them in their dreams.
Gremlins	1984	Ghoulies	1985	Also Critters (1986). All involve small destructive, evil creatures.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom	1984	King Solomon's Mines	1985	Also Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1986), the sequel to the latter. All three are action adventure films where an archaeologist - type figure quests for a mystical place or item, encountering natives along the way.
Rambo: First Blood Part II	1985	Commando	1985	Also Missing in Action (1984). All are one-man army action films.
The Return of the Living Dead	1985	Day of the Dead	1985	Both are zombie movies, released almost simultaneously, and arising from the collaboration between John Russo and George A. Romero on Night of the Living Dead.
Explorers	1985	Flight of the Navigator	1986	Both are films about a child who builds and flies a spacecraft.
Weird Science	1985	Real Genius	1985	Also My Science Project (1985). All feature teens dabbling in mad science and winding up in over their heads.
Back to the Future	1985	Peggy Sue Got Married	1986	Both feature protagonists who go back in time and meet high school versions of their family members, played by the same actors.
Fright Night	1985	Vamp	1986	Also The Lost Boys and Near Dark (1987); all are vampire films involving teenage characters.
Into the Night	1985	After Hours	1985	Also Something Wild (1986); all are comedies about men whose encounter with a mysterious woman leads them to trouble.
Top Gun	1986	Iron Eagle	1986	Both are films about fighter pilots.
GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords	1986	The Transformers: The Movie	1986	Both are animated feature films derived from TV cartoons based on toy lines about transforming robots.
The Vindicator	1986	RoboCop	1987	Both are about an innocent man who is left mutilated and near-dead by villains, is reconstructed into a cyborg by a special-weapons company, and seeks revenge on the people responsible for his fate.
Platoon	1986	Full Metal Jacket	1987	Also Hamburger Hill (1987) and 84C MoPic (1989). All are bleak, violent and unglamorized depictions of the Vietnam War.^[31]
Gothic	1986	Haunted Summer	1988	Also Rowing with the Wind (1988). All are set in 1816 when Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley and John William Polidori spend a summer in the isolated Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva.
Link	1986	Monkey Shines	1988	Both are horror films with primates as the antagonist.
The Secret of My Succe$s	1987	Working Girl	1988	Both are about people starting new lower-level jobs in New York City, pretending to be executives, coming up with great ideas regarding takeovers, and getting the girl/guy that was "out of their league".
Like Father, Like Son	1987	Big	1988	Also Vice Versa, 18 Again!, 14 Going on 30 (1988) and Dream a Little Dream (1989); all portray boys who transform into, or who switch bodies with, adult men.
Buster	1988	Prisoner of Rio	1988	The fate of British train robbers from 1963.
Dangerous Liaisons	1988	Valmont	1989	Both are adaptations of the novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses.
K-9	1989	Turner & Hooch	1989	Both are buddy cop-dog films about a police officer who gets a dog for a partner.
DeepStar Six	1989	Leviathan	1989	Also The Abyss, The Evil Below, Lords of the Deep (1989) and The Rift (1990); all are underwater thrillers involving explorers discovering strange new (and in most of the movies hostile) creatures in the ocean.
Goldeneye: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming	1989	Spymaker: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming	1990	Both are biopics of James Bond creator Ian Fleming.
The Forbidden Dance	1990	Lambada	1990	Both are films that center around the dance the Lambada.
Manta, Manta	1991	Manta – Der Film [de]	1991	Both are based on Manta jokes.
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves	1991	Robin Hood	1991	Both are based on the legend of Robin Hood.
The Super	1991	Life Stinks	1991	Both are about ruthless upper-class white men who are forced to live in an urban slum.
Mobsters	1991	Bugsy	1991	Both crime films are about Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, Charles "Lucky" Luciano, Meyer Lansky, Frank Costello. Luciano also appears in Billy Bathgate (1991).
December Bride	1991	The Playboys	1992	Both films tell of a young Irish woman in a small rural community who decides to have a child out of wedlock.
The Hard Way	1991	Into the Sun	1992	Both films are about a movie star going through dangerous adventures while gathering material for a role.
1492: Conquest of Paradise	1992	Christopher Columbus: The Discovery	1992	Both are about Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas in 1492. Also Carry on Columbus
Fear of a Black Hat	1993	CB4	1993	Both parody hip hop, with a particular focus on rap group N.W.A; Fear of a Black Hat is a mockumentary.^[29] Both films feature actors Deezer D, Lance Crouther, and LaVerne Anderson; Kimberly Hardin cast both pictures.
Mad Dog and Glory	1993	Indecent Proposal	1993	Also Honeymoon in Vegas (1992). Both films involve a man buying a woman who is not a prostitute for a short period of time and a large amount of money.
Carnosaur	1993	Jurassic Park	1993	Both are action adventure films involving the genetic recreation of dinosaurs or prehistoric animals. Both are also based on books.
Groundhog Day	1993	12:01	1993	Both are about an individual stuck in a 24 hour time loop where the protagonist wakes every morning on the same day and experiences the events of that day over and over until they discover how to break the cycle.
Hard Target	1993	Surviving the Game	1994	Both are modern-day action-adventure thrillers that are heavily inspired by The Most Dangerous Game.
Tombstone	1993	Wyatt Earp	1994	Both are Wyatt Earp biopics.
Rookie of the Year	1993	Little Big League	1994	Both are films in which a 12-year-old boy becomes involved in Major League Baseball.
Undercover Blues	1993	True Lies	1994	Action comedies about secret agents and their family life.
Kalifornia	1993	Natural Born Killers	1994	Also 1993 mini-series Murder in the Heartland. All are road movies about a couple engaging in multi-state killing sprees and all directly or loosely based on real murderer Charles Starkweather. Both films have Juliette Lewis as a main character.
Schindler's List	1993	Totschweigen	1994	Both are films depicting events involving the Holocaust and Nazi regime. However, Totschweigen is a documentary, while Schindler's List is an epic drama.
Three of Hearts	1993	Threesome	1994	Both films involve a love triangle between a heterosexual, a homosexual and a bisexual. Each film also stars one of the Baldwin brothers and a series-regular actress from the television show Twin Peaks.
The Elsa Santos Castillo Story: The Chop Chop Lady	1994	Elsa Castillo Story ... Ang Katotohanan	1994	Both films purport to tell the true story of the 1989 Elsa S. Castillo murder case in the Philippines
Terminal Velocity	1994	Drop Zone	1994	Both are action films that involve skydiving.
Time Chasers	1994	Timecop	1994	Both are science fiction films with the themes of time traveling that involved the protagonist trying to prevent the course of time being altered for the antagonists' personal gain.
The Air Up There	1994	The Scout	1994	Both films are about a desperate American scout who thinks he found an extraordinary talent in an unlikely foreign locale, but bringing the player to stardom has unthought-of difficulties and the scout learns life lessons from the player he is supposed to be developing.
Camp Nowhere	1994	Heavyweights	1995	Both films take place at summer camp and include a preteen protagonist who is initially reluctant to go. (Both films were also released by Disney's Buena Vista Pictures.)
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert	1994	To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar	1995	Both have the plot of drag queens going on a road trip across their country (in one case Australia, in the other, the United States), in a journey of self-discovery. Both has eight word title.
Street Fighter	1994	Mortal Kombat	1995	Also Double Dragon (1994). All are martial arts action adventure films based on one-to-one fighting video game franchises.
Braveheart	1995	Rob Roy	1995	Also The Bruce (1996); all are adventure/war biopics set in Scotland.^[10]
Gordy	1994	Babe	1995	Both are family films starring piglets.^[10]
The Flor Contemplacion Story	1995	Bagong Bayani	1995	Both are films depicting the trial and execution of Flor Contemplacion, an Overseas Filipino Worker in Singapore
A Kid in King Arthur's Court	1995	Kids of the Round Table	1995	Both involve a modern American boy who encounters characters from Arthurian legend, leading the boy to experience adventure and an increase in self-confidence.
Showgirls	1995	Striptease	1996	Also Stripteaser (1996). All three are erotic drama films featuring a lead character involved in the stripper profession.^[32]
GoldenEye	1995	Mission: Impossible	1996	Both are spy films based on long running franchises and feature plots wherein the protaganist's close friend fakes his death and is revealed to be a traitor.
Powder	1995	Phenomenon	1996	Both tell the story of a man with telepathic powers that make him an outcast in a small town. (Both films were also released by Disney's Buena Vista Pictures.)
The Craft	1996	Little Witches	1996	Both are films about young teenage outcasts becoming witches.
Emma	1996	Emma	1996	Also Clueless (1995). All are based on the Jane Austen novel Emma, however Clueless takes place in modern-day Beverly Hills.
Independence Day	1996	Mars Attacks!	1996	Both are alien invasion films released the same year. However, one is a comedy while the other is an action thriller.
Twister	1996	Tornado!	1996	Both chronical the lives of storm chasers in their line of work.
Executive Decision	1996	Air Force One	1997	Both are films about terrorists hijacking a plane and a rescue team saving the passengers and defeating the terrorists. Con Air (1997) also has a similar concept, though involving convicts.
Dante's Peak	1997	Volcano	1997	Also Volcano: Fire on the Mountain (1997). All three are disaster films centered around volcanic eruptions.^[9]^[10]
The Jackal	1997	The Assignment	1997	Both are action thrillers dealing with assassins called Jackal; The Assignment's is based on Venezuelan terrorist operative Carlos the Jackal.
Kundun	1997	Seven Years in Tibet	1997	Both are fact-based dramas set in mid-20th century Tibet, with the 14th Dalai Lama as a main character.^[10]
Murder at 1600	1997	Absolute Power	1997	Both films center around a Washington, D.C. murder investigation involving the President/at the White House.^[33]^[34]
The House of Yes	1997	The Myth of Fingerprints	1997	Also The Ice Storm. All three films center around dysfunctional families gathering for Thanksgiving.
Prefontaine	1997	Without Limits	1998	Both are biographical sports films about distance runner Steve Prefontaine.
Jack Frost	1997	Jack Frost	1998	Both films have the same title and each is about a man killed in a vehicle crash who is subsequently reanimated as a living snowman. They differ in that the 1997 movie is a slasher film, while the 1998 film is family-friendly.
Starship Troopers	1997	Battlefield Earth	2000	Both are science fiction action films loosely based on controversial novels. Both also involve a war with hostile alien species and received critical backlash, although for different reasons.
Antz	1998	A Bug's Life	1998	Both are computer-animated films about insects, starring a non-conformist ant who falls in love with an ant princess, leaves the mound, and eventually returns and is hailed as a hero.^[10]
Deep Impact	1998	Armageddon	1998	Also Doomsday Rock (1997), Asteroid (1997), Judgment Day (1999), and Tycus (1998). All are global catastrophic risk disaster films centered around an impending impact event that threatens to end most or all life on Earth.^[9]^[10]
Saving Private Ryan	1998	The Thin Red Line	1998	Also Life Is Beautiful (1997). All are dramas about, or involving, World War II.^[10]
Sliding Doors	1998	Run Lola Run	1998	Both films tell the same story of a woman multiple times, changing a minor detail at the beginning and depicting how that change drastically affects the outcome.^[35]
Dead Man on Campus	1998	The Curve	1998	Both films involve college students attempting to utilize pass by catastrophe.
54	1998	Last Days of Disco	1998	Both films are set again the backdrop of the waning disco era of the late 1970s.^[36]
The Truman Show	1998	EDtv	1999	Also Pleasantville (1998). All are films in which a person or a large group of people's lives are broadcasted on TV.^[10]
Tale of the Mummy	1998	The Mummy	1999	Also Bram Stoker's Legend of the Mummy (1997). All three are about mummies coming back to life and killing people.
Dark City	1998	The Matrix	1999	Also The Thirteenth Floor and eXistenZ (1999);^[10] all are science fiction films involving the theme of whether the world is real or an illusion. All except for Dark City involve virtual reality in a computer system.
Paulie	1998	The Real Macaw	1998	Both are children's adventure films featuring a parrot.
Anywhere But Here	1999	Tumbleweeds	1999	Both films concern a mother-daughter pair who drive across the country to settle in California.^[37]
Entrapment	1999	The Thomas Crown Affair	1999	Both are caper films focused on the relationship between an attractive female insurance investigator and a male thief who steals an expensive painting by a famous artist.^[10] (Coincidentally, the male lead in both films is also played by an actor who has portrayed James Bond.)
The Sixth Sense	1999	Stir of Echoes	1999	Both are supernatural horror films with a man and his relatives, experiencing a series of frightening visions and having the ability to interact with ghosts.
End of Days	1999	Stigmata	1999	Also Lost Souls (2000); all are supernatural religious horror films involving the Catholic Church. Both End of Days and Stigmata star Gabriel Byrne as a main character. Both End of Days and Lost Souls involve the theme of Satan taking possession of a man's body.^[10]
The Haunting	1999	House on Haunted Hill	1999	Also The House That Screamed (2000). All are horror films in which people are trapped in a haunted house. Both The Haunting and House on Haunted Hill are based on media from 1959. The two also have strangers lured into the house under false pretenses.
10 Things I Hate About You	1999	Hamlet	2000	Also O (2001). All are modern-day adaptations of William Shakespeare plays, featuring Julia Stiles as the female lead.^[38]
Bicentennial Man	1999	A.I. Artificial Intelligence	2001	Both are science fiction films dealing with the theme of humanoid robots seeking to experience emotion and be human. Both are also adapted from works of prominent sci-fi authors; Isaac Asimov and Brian Aldiss respectively.
Padre Pio: Miracle Man	2000	Padre Pio: Between Heaven and Earth	2000	Both films are about Padre Pio.
X-Men	2000	Unbreakable	2000	Both are superhero films featuring a main character who discovers he or she possesses superpowers. Both also contain mentors who are influential to our hero.
The Road to El Dorado	2000	The Emperor's New Groove	2000	Both are animated buddy comedy films set in what is now Latin America.
Scary Movie	2000	Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth	2000	Both are horror movie spoofs featuring a killer wearing a Ghostface mask; Scary Movie additionally had the working title Scream If You Know What I Did Last Halloween.^[10]
Mission to Mars	2000	Red Planet	2000	Also Ghosts of Mars (2001). All three are science fiction adventure films about expeditions to Mars.^[39]^[10] However, Ghosts of Mars is a horror film.
Wonder Boys	2000	Finding Forrester	2000	Both are films involving a writer and his friendship with a student.^[10]
The Score	2001	Heist	2001	Both are crime thriller films involving a major robbery.^[10]
Autumn In New York	2000	Sweet November	2001	Both films center on free-spirited young women who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses set against the fall backdrop.
Joe Dirt	2001	Run Ronnie Run!	2002	Both are crude humor stories about lovable-ish rednecks. There are jokes that are nearly identical in each movie. However, Run Ronnie Run! is based on a Mr. Show with Bob and David character that first appeared in 1995.
Stealing Harvard	2002	Orange County	2002	Both are comedy films about someone resorting to drastic measures in order to obtain acceptance to, or tuition for, a prestigious college.
Liberty Stands Still	2002	Phone Booth	2002	Both movies revolve around people who answer a ringing phone in a public place and are held hostage there by a sniper who has an agenda.
The Legend of Bhagat Singh	2002	23rd March 1931: Shaheed	2002	Both movies are about Bhagat Singh, a revolutionary who fought for Indian independence
Freddy vs. Jason	2003	Alien vs. Predator	2004	Both feature horror icons from the 1980s fighting against each other, while humans end up in the crossfire.
Biker Boyz	2003	Torque	2004	Both are action films about motorcycle gangs and street racing.
Finding Nemo	2003	Shark Tale	2004	Both are computer-animated films set underwater.
Beautiful Boxer	2003	Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior	2003	Both are Thai films centering on Muay Thai
Chasing Liberty	2004	First Daughter	2004	Both are romantic comedy films about the rebellious daughter of the President of the United States.^[11]
The Cave	2005	The Descent	2005	Also The Cavern (2005). All three are horror films in which people encounter deadly creatures in a cave system.
Red Eye	2005	Flightplan	2005	Both are thriller films set on airplanes.^[10]
War of the Worlds	2005	H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds	2005	Also War of the Worlds (2005). All three are adaptations of H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds.
Sky High	2005	Zoom	2006	Both are about kids training to become superheroes.
Madagascar	2005	The Wild	2006	Both are computer-animated films involving similar animal characters from New York's Central Park Zoo being introduced to the wild. See The Wild#Comparisons to Madagascar.
Capote	2005	Infamous	2006	Both are drama films about Truman Capote and the writing of In Cold Blood.^[9]^[10] The confluence of the two films led to an incident in 2003 when Infamous writer-director Douglas McGrath called producer Bingham Ray to announce that his script had been finished, and Ray responded "I know, I've got it on my desk!" before realizing that he actually had the screenplay to Capote.^[9]
The Dark	2005	Silent Hill	2006	Both are horror films where a woman enters a strange otherworld in search of her missing daughter.
Beowulf & Grendel	2005	Beowulf	2007	Also Grendel (2007). All three are fantasy adventure films based on the Old English epic poem Beowulf.
The Zodiac	2005	Zodiac	2007	Also Curse of the Zodiac (2007);^[40] All are films based on the story of the Zodiac Killer.
Zzyzx	2006	Zyzzyx Road	2006	Both are thrillers about people trying to hide a dead body on Zzyzx Road in California.^[41]
United 93	2006	Flight 93	2006	Both are dramas about United Airlines Flight 93.^[10]
The Prestige	2006	The Illusionist	2006	Both are films about 19th-century magicians.^[10]
Over The Hedge	2006	Open Season	2006	Both are computer-animated films about wild animals who are at war with humans.
Happy Feet	2006	Surf's Up	2007	Both are computer-animated comedy films about penguins.^[42]^[32]
The Zombie Diaries	2006	Diary of the Dead	2007	Both are found footage horror films surrounding an outbreak of zombies, along with similar titles.
Apocalypto	2006	10,000 BC	2008	Both feature prehistoric civilizations where the main character(s) have to fight for their way of life after their village was raided by other tribes and the majority of villages were taken as slaves.
An American Crime	2007	The Girl Next Door	2007	Both are based on the torture and murder of Sylvia Likens.
Knocked Up	2007	Juno	2007	Also Waitress (2007). All feature a young female protagonist facing an unexpected pregnancy.
27 Dresses	2008	Made of Honor	2008	Both are romantic comedies centering on weddings and loyal friends taking part as bridesmaids.
Coco Chanel	2008	Coco Before Chanel	2009	Also Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009). All are related to French fashion designer Coco Chanel.
Eagle Eye	2008	Echelon Conspiracy	2009	Both center around a government AI supercomputer that is tasked with protecting the US through ubiquitous surveillance and endless access to nearly all technology, which becomes too autonomous and powerful.^[43]
Beast Stalker	2008	Connected	2008	Both are crime dramas containing the theme of kidnapping involving a single mother, her child and a police officer - both also star Nick Cheung.
Repo! The Genetic Opera	2008	Repo Men	2010	Also Repossession Mambo (2009). Set in a dystopian future, the three films are about one or more corporate-employed "repo men" who fatally repossess artificial organs when patients default on their payments.^[44]
Observe and Report	2009	Paul Blart: Mall Cop	2009	Both are comedy films about an overweight mall cop.^[2]
Gamer	2009	Surrogates	2009	Also Sleep Dealer (2008) and Avatar (2009); all are science fiction films in which people control physical remotely-operated bodies.^[2]^[45]^[46]
Avatar	2009	District 9	2009	Both films portray aliens abused by humans, the protagonist changing sides, turning against the military-minded antagonist and eventually becoming an alien.
Knowing	2009	2012	2009	Both are science fiction disaster films about the end of the world.
The Road	2009	The Book of Eli	2010	Both films are set in a post-apocalyptic world, where the main characters try to survive by travelling.
Armored	2009	Takers	2010	Both are stylized, action-crime robbery thrillers. Matt Dillon stars in both films.
The A-Team	2010	The Losers	2010	Both are fast-paced action films about dishonored military operatives seeking redemption and revenge after being betrayed on a secret mission. In addition, both are based on pre-existing series from other mediums (one is based on a television show and the other a comic book).
Despicable Me	2010	Megamind	2010	Also Wreck-It Ralph (2012). All three are computer-animated films featuring a stereotypical villain as the protagonist.^[47]
Ip Man 2	2010	The Legend Is Born: Ip Man	2010	Both are Hong Kong films depicting the life of Ip Man. Sammo Hung stars in both films.
Skyline	2010	Battle: Los Angeles	2011	Both are alien invasion movies that primarily take place in Los Angeles. Sony Pictures, the studio of Battle, initiated legal action against the directors and special effects gurus of Skyline for allegedly ripping off ideas and equipment for their similar film. Sony later dismissed their arbitration, stating they were satisfied their own special effects were not used in Skyline.^[48]
Centurion	2010	The Eagle	2011	Both are historical action films about the disappearance of the Roman Empire's Ninth Legion.
The Bounty Hunter	2010	One for the Money	2012	Both are films about a bounty hunter and going after a former love interest.^[citation needed]
No Strings Attached	2011	Friends with Benefits	2011	Both are romantic comedies about a pair of friends who have a casual, non-romantic sexual relationship and eventually fall in love. No Strings Attached had the working title Friends with Benefits, but had to be renamed due to a conflict with the other film.^[49]
Yann Samuell's War of the Buttons	2011	Christophe Barratier's War of the Buttons	2011	Both are French film adaptations of the 1912 novel War of the Buttons, released a week apart from one another, though the first was set in the Algerian War while the second was set in World War II.^[50]
The Raid	2011	Dredd	2012	Both films deal with a law enforcement officer infiltrating a tall residential building in pursuit of a crime lord, wherein the crime lord attempts to turn the residents against the officer.^[51]
Extraterrestrial	2011	Seeking a Friend for the End of the World	2012	Also 4:44 Last Day on Earth (2011) and Melancholia (2011). All are apocalyptic science fiction films.^[52]^[53]
Quartet	2012	A Late Quartet	2012	Both are about the members of a classical music quartet facing old age.^[54]
The Girl	2012	Hitchcock	2012	Both are Alfred Hitchcock biopics.
Mirror Mirror	2012	Snow White and the Huntsman	2012	Both are loose adaptations of the fairy tale Snow White. Also the Spanish 2012 film Blancanieves adapts Snow White, using black-and-white silent cinematography like the 2012 French film The Artist.^[55]
Zero Dark Thirty	2012	Seal Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden	2012	Both films are about the assassination of Osama bin Laden.
Upside Down	2012	Patema Inverted	2013	Both are a romance between characters of twin worlds, each with gravity opposite to the other.^[56]
The Other Son	2012	Like Father, Like Son	2013	Both films revolve around two young men who were switched at birth and raised by families from contrasting socioeconomic strata.^[57]
Witchslayer Gretl	2012	Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters	2013	Also Hansel & Gretel: Warriors of Witchcraft (2013). All three are dark fantasy films portraying Hansel and Gretel in a edgier light.
A Hijacking	2012	Captain Phillips	2013	Both are about a pirate attack on a cargo ship off the coast of Somalia.^[58]
Ip Man: The Final Fight	2013	The Grandmaster	2013	Both are Hong Kong produced martial arts drama films about the life of Ip Man, produced outside the Ip Man film series.
Olympus Has Fallen	2013	White House Down	2013	Both are action films about terrorist attacks on the White House.^[59]
Oblivion	2013	After Earth	2013	Both films include a protagonist who must fight for survival on a post-apocalyptic Earth.^[60]
This Is the End	2013	The World's End	2013	Also Rapture-Palooza (2013); all are apocalyptic comedy films.^[61] Both This Is the End and Rapture-Palooza star Craig Robinson as a main character.
The Double	2013	Enemy	2013	Both are about a man who finds his physical doppelgänger in a seemingly totalitarian state.^[62]
The Machine	2013	Automata	2014	Also Her (2013), Ex Machina (2014), Transcendence (2014), Chappie (2015), and Uncanny (2015).^[2] All are science fiction films involving robots and/or artificial intelligence.
Yves Saint Laurent	2014	Saint Laurent	2014	Both are Yves Saint Laurent biopics.^[59]
Hercules	2014	The Legend of Hercules	2014	Also Hercules Reborn (2014).^[2] All are about Hercules.
The Equalizer	2014	John Wick	2014	Both films involve a highly trained protagonist who seeks vengeance through killing.^[63]
Life After Beth	2014	Burying the Ex	2014	Also Warm Bodies (2013). All three are romantic comedies involving zombies.^[64]
This Is Where I Leave You	2014	August: Osage County	2014	Both movies involve dysfunctional families reuniting after the death of the patriarch.
Unfriended	2014	Friend Request	2016	Both are horror films with plots centered around social media.
Labyrinth of Lies	2014	The People vs. Fritz Bauer	2015	Also Die Akte General [de] (2016). All are films depicting the effort which led to the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials by a group of prosecutors headed by Fritz Bauer.
Moonwalkers	2015	Operation Avalanche	2016	Both are films based on Moon landing conspiracy theories.^[65]
The Beauty Inside	2015	Every Day	2018	Both are a romance between a woman and a spirit who wakes up every day in a different body.^[66]^[67]
Marguerite	2015	Florence Foster Jenkins	2016	Both films are based on Florence Foster Jenkins' life.^[68]
The Martian	2015	Approaching the Unknown	2016	Also Forsaken (2018). Both are about a man who is stranded in space on a mission to Mars and has to figure out a way to survive.^[69]
Spectre	2015	Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation	2015	Both films feature the protagonists chasing after secret criminal organisations through Austria, Morocco and London while their intelligence agencies are shutting down.^[70]^[71] Paramount had to advance the release date of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid conflicting with Spectre.^[72]
Coming Through the Rye	2015	Rebel in the Rye	2017	Both are films about J. D. Salinger.^[73]
Other People	2016	The Hollars	2016	Both are about a male writer living in New York City who returns to his hometown for his mother dying of cancer.^[74]^[75]
Southside with You	2016	Barry	2016	Both are films about a young Barack Obama, as well as a love interest.
Christine	2016	Kate Plays Christine	2016	Both are films about Christine Chubbuck, though Kate Plays Christine is a documentary about the acting process.^[76]
Captain Fantastic	2016	The Glass Castle	2017	Both are about a large family who lives secluded from the civilized world and deal with its moral ramifications.^[77]
Anthropoid	2016	The Man with the Iron Heart	2017	Both films are about Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich.^[78]
The Jungle Book	2016	Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle	2018	Both are live-action, CGI-heavy adaptations of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, though the 2016 film is a remake of the 1967 animated musical film.^[79]
Earthquake	2016	Spitak	2018	Both films are about the 1988 Armenian earthquake.
Churchill	2017	Darkest Hour	2017	Both are films about Winston Churchill. Also, the TV film Churchill's Secret (2016) is about Winston Churchill.
Dunkirk	2017	Darkest Hour	2017	Both films prominently feature the planning of the evacuation of Dunkirk.
The Age of Pioneers	2017	Salyut 7	2017	Both Russian films are based on facts and feature Soviet cosmonauts.
Goodbye Christopher Robin	2017	Christopher Robin	2018	The former is a biopic of author A. A. Milne, focusing on his relationship with his son Christopher Robin, whose childhood inspired the world of Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh. The latter is a fantasy drama about the adult life of the Pooh character Christopher Robin in a continuation of the Disney films based on Milne's books.
Crowhurst	2017	The Mercy	2018	Both films are about Donald Crowhurst's ill-fated entry in the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, a non-stop round-the-world sailing competition. Uniquely, these films not only have an identical subject, but were also distributed by the same studio, namely StudioCanal: according to the head of StudioCanal UK, Danny Perkins, the company bought the low-budget production Crowhurst "so we could control it".^[80]
The Miseducation of Cameron Post	2018	Boy Erased	2018	The protagonists of both films are gay teenagers forced by their families to undergo conversion therapy.^[81]
U – July 22	2018	22 July	2018	Both are dramas based on the 2011 Utøya, Norway massacre.
Sink or Swim	2018	Swimming with Men	2018	Both are about a man who is facing a midlife crisis and joins an all-male synchronised swimming team.^[82]
Smallfoot	2018	Abominable	2019	Both are computer-animated films about abominable snowmen making first contact with humans and are both set in the Himalayas.
Puppet Master: The Littlest Reich	2018	The Happytime Murders	2018	Both are dark comedies featuring puppets.^[83]
A Quiet Place	2018	The Silence	2019	Both involve the world coming under attack from creatures who hunt their human prey by sound.
Beautiful Boy	2018	Ben Is Back	2018	Both are melodramas about a family with a teenage son facing a drug addiction.^[84]^[85]
Skate Kitchen	2018	Mid90s	2018	Both are coming of age stories about a group of skateboarding teenagers played by inexperienced actors who skateboard in real life. In both films, the primary character is the newest member of the group and has a contentious relationship with their single mother.^[86]^[87]
RBG	2018	On the Basis of Sex	2018	A documentary and a biographical drama about Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Won't You Be My Neighbor?	2018	A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood	2019	Both films are about Fred Rogers, although the former is a documentary while the latter is a biopic.
Widows	2018	The Kitchen	2019	Both are about the law-abiding wives of criminals who take up their husbands' criminal plans when they are gone.^[88]^[89]
Lez Bomb	2018	Happiest Season	2020	Both films revolve around lesbians who plan to come out to their conservative families during the holidays, only to be confronted by their ex-boyfriends; Lez Bomb is set on Thanksgiving while Happiest Season takes place on Christmas.^[90]
Fyre Fraud	2019	Fyre	2019	Both are documentaries about the Fyre Festival.^[91]
A Dog's Journey	2019	The Art of Racing in the Rain	2019	Both are films about a dog's life in their owner's lives and are narrated and seen through the eyes of the dogs.
The Haunting of Sharon Tate	2019	Once Upon a Time in Hollywood	2019	Both are films about Sharon Tate and her murder. Although the former is a horror thriller film that dramatizes the events, the latter takes place in an alternate universe where the murder did not take place.^[92]
Ip Man 4: The Finale	2019	Ip Man: Kung Fu Master	2019	Both depict the life of Ip Man and are part of a series of films based on him.
Portrait of a Lady on Fire	2019	Ammonite	2020	Both films are set around 1800 on the coast of the English Channel and feature a forbidden lesbian relationship further complicated by class differences.
The King's Letters	2019	Forbidden Dream	2019	Both are about King Sejong the Great and his patronage of scholarship.^[93]
Ujda Chaman	2019	Bala	2019	Both movies are about men facing premature baldness, hence becoming a subject of social ridicule and facing problems finding a spouse.^[94]
The Curse of La Llorona	2019	La Llorona	2019	Both films are about the legend of La Llorona.^[95]
Proxima	2019	Away	2020	Both are about long space missions to Mars and on the ISS respectively with mission commanders who have their relationship with their families strained by the separation.
Never Rarely Sometimes Always	2020	Unpregnant	2020	Both are American films about a teenage girl finding out she is pregnant and going on a road trip with her best friend to another state to get an abortion without their parents' consent.
Killer Spider	2020	Holy Spider	2022	Both are dramatizations of the case of Saeed Hanaei, a serial killer who targeted sex workers in Iran.^[96]
The Battle at Lake Changjin	2021	Devotion	2022	Also The Battle at Lake Changjin II, the sequel of the former. Both films are, or are partially, set during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir at the Korean War.
Pinocchio	2022	Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio	2022	Also Pinocchio: A True Story (2022). All films are based on The Adventures of Pinocchio.^[97]
Violent Night	2022	The Mean One	2022	Also Christmas Bloody Christmas (2022). All are films about a murderous Santa Claus figure.^[98]
Fire of Love	2022	The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft	2022	Both document the life and work of volcanologist and filmmaker couple Katia and Maurice Krafft, making extensive use of their own video footage.
Elvis	2022	Priscilla	2023	Both are films about or revolve around Elvis Presley.^[99]
Turning Red	2022	Ruby Gillman, Teenage Kraken	2023	Both are animated films about adolescent girls who transform into larger creatures (a red panda and a kraken, respectively) under certain conditions.
Renfield	2023	The Last Voyage of the Demeter	2023	Both are films based on Dracula released by Universal Pictures in the same year.
The Beast in the Jungle	2023	The Beast	2023	Both are French adaptations of the Henry James novella The Beast in the Jungle.
The Covenant	2023	Kandahar	2023	Also Warhorse One. All films are set in a Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.^[100]
The Great Escaper	2023	The Last Rifleman	2023	Based on the true story of Bernard Jordan, both are films about an elderly World War II veteran who escapes his nursing home in order to attend a milestone anniversary commemorations of the Normandy landings in France.^[101]
Reality	2023	Winner	2024	Both are films about American whistleblower Reality Winner.^[102]
Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey	2023	Mickey's Mouse Trap	2024	Also Bambi: The Reckoning (2024). All three are slasher films based on famous works only recently made part of the public domain – Bambi, Winnie-the-Pooh, and the Steamboat Willie design of Mickey Mouse, respectively.^[103]
The First Omen	2024	Immaculate	2024	Both films are about young American nuns who travel to Rome, Italy, and become unexpectedly pregnant with what turns out to be a demon fetus/the antichrist.^[104]^[105]
Bad Boys: Ride or Die	2024	Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F	2024	Both films are the fourth installments of action-comedy franchises centered around African American cops.

Other meanings

One story from two perspectives

The term "twin films" has also been used for films produced by the same production company with the purpose of telling the same story from two different points of view:

• Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Françoise (1964) and Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc (1964) use the same cast to tell the same story from two different points of view.^[106]
• The World War II films Flags of Our Fathers (2006) and Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) are about the Battle of Iwo Jima, told from the perspective of United States Marines and Japanese soldiers.^[107][108]

Multiple-language films

The term "twin films" has also been used for multiple-language versions of films:

• Raavan (2010) and Raavanan (2010) use similar casts filming the scenes in both Hindi and Tamil.^[109]

See also

• Barbenheimer

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