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Leopold von Sacher-Masoch

Leopold Ritter[1] von Sacher-Masoch (German: [ˈleːopɔlt fɔn ˈzaxɐ ˈmaːzɔx]; 27 January 1836 – 9 March 1895) was an Austrian nobleman, writer and journalist, who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life. The term masochism is derived from his name, invented by his contemporary, the Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. Masoch did not approve of this use of his name.[2]

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
Born(1836-01-27)27 January 1836
Died9 March 1895(1895-03-09) (aged 59)
Lindheim near Altenstadt, German Empire
Occupation(s)Writer, journalist
Known forMasochism
Notable workVenus in Furs

During his lifetime, Sacher-Masoch was well known as a man of letters, in particular a utopian thinker who espoused socialist and humanist ideals in his fiction and non-fiction. Most of his works remain untranslated into English.

Biography edit

Early life and education edit

Von Sacher-Masoch was born in the city of Lemberg, the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, at the time a province of the Austrian Empire, into the Roman Catholic family of an Austrian civil servant,[3] Leopold Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Sacher (1797–1874), and Charlotte Josepha von Masoch (1802–1870), a Ukrainian noblewoman.[dubious ][4] The father later combined his surname with his wife's von Masoch, at the request of her family (she was the last of the line). Von Sacher served as a Commissioner of the Imperial Police Forces in Lemberg, and he was recognised with a new title of nobility as Sacher-Masoch awarded by the Austrian Emperor.[5]

Leopold studied law, history and mathematics at Graz University (where he obtained a doctorate in history in 1856), and after graduating he became a lecturer there.[citation needed]

Galician storyteller edit

 
Masoch in the 1860s

His early, non-fictional publications dealt mostly with Austrian history. At the same time, Masoch turned to the folklore and culture of his homeland, Galicia. Soon he abandoned lecturing and became a free man of letters. Within a decade his short stories and novels prevailed over his historical non-fiction works, though historical themes continued to imbue his fiction.[5]

Panslavist ideas were prevalent in Masoch's literary work, and he found a particular interest in depicting picturesque types among the various ethnicities that inhabited Galicia. From the 1860s to the 1880s he published a number of volumes of Jewish Short Stories, Polish Short Stories, Galician Short Stories, German Court Stories and Russian Court Stories.

The Legacy of Cain edit

In 1869, Sacher-Masoch conceived a grandiose series of short stories under the collective title Legacy of Cain that would represent the author's aesthetic Weltanschauung. The cycle opened with the manifesto The Wanderer that brought out misogynist themes that became peculiar to Masoch's writings. Of the six planned volumes, only the first two were ever completed. By the middle of the 1880s, Masoch abandoned the Legacy of Cain. Nevertheless, the published volumes of the series included Masoch's best-known stories, and of them, Venus in Furs (published 1870) is the most famous today. The novella expressed Sacher-Masoch's fantasies and fetishes (especially for dominant women wearing fur). He did his best to live out his fantasies with his mistresses and wives. In 1873 he married Angelika Aurora von Rümelin.

Private life and inspiration for Venus in Furs edit

 
Fanny Pistor and Sacher-Masoch

Fanny Pistor was an emerging literary writer. She met Sacher-Masoch after she contacted him, under the assumed name and fictitious title of Baroness Bogdanoff, for suggestions on improving her writing to make it suitable for publication. She was the inspiration for Venus im Pelz (Venus in Furs). The erotic novel spawned the word masochism.[6][7]

Later years edit

In 1874, Masoch wrote the novel Die Ideale unserer Zeit (The Ideals of Our Time), an attempt to give a portrait of German society during its Gründerzeit period.[8]

In his late fifties, his mental health began to deteriorate, and he spent the last years of his life under psychiatric care. According to official reports, he died in Lindheim in 1895. (Lindheim, at that time near Altenstadt, was incorporated into the municipality of Altenstadt in 1971.) It is also claimed that Masoch died in an asylum in Mannheim in 1905.[9]

Sacher-Masoch is the great-uncle of Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso, mother of British singer and actress Marianne Faithfull.[10]

Masochism edit

 
A Sacher-Masoch compilation published in 1901

The term masochism was coined in 1886 by the Austrian psychiatrist Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (1840–1902) in his book Psychopathia Sexualis:

...I feel justified in calling this sexual anomaly "Masochism", because the author Sacher-Masoch frequently made this perversion, which up to his time was quite unknown to the scientific world as such, the substratum of his writings. I followed thereby the scientific formation of the term "Daltonism", from Dalton, the discoverer of colour-blindness.
During recent years facts have been advanced which prove that Sacher-Masoch was not only the poet of Masochism, but that he himself was afflicted with the anomaly. Although these proofs were communicated to me without restriction, I refrain from giving them to the public. I refute the accusation that "I have coupled the name of a revered author with a perversion of the sexual instinct", which has been made against me by some admirers of the author and by some critics of my book. As a man, Sacher-Masoch cannot lose anything in the estimation of his cultured fellow-beings simply because he was afflicted with an anomaly of his sexual feelings. As an author, he suffered severe injury so far as the influence and intrinsic merit of his work is concerned, for so long and whenever he eliminated his perversion from his literary efforts he was a gifted writer, and as such would have achieved real greatness had he been actuated by normally sexual feelings. In this respect he is a remarkable example of the powerful influence exercised by the vita sexualis be it in the good or evil sense over the formation and direction of man's mind.[11]

Sacher-Masoch was not pleased with Krafft-Ebing's assertions. Nevertheless, details of Masoch's private life were obscure until Aurora von Rümelin's memoirs, Meine Lebensbeichte (My Life Confession; 1906), were published in Berlin under the pseudonym Wanda v. Dunajew (the name of a leading character in his Venus in Furs). The following year, a French translation, Confession de ma vie (1907) by "Wanda von Sacher-Masoch", was printed in Paris by Mercure de France. An English translation of the French edition was published as The Confessions of Wanda von Sacher-Masoch (1991) by RE/Search Publications.

Selected bibliography edit

  • 1858 A Galician Story 1846
  • 1865 Kaunitz
  • 1866 Don Juan of Kolomiya
  • 1867 The Last King of Hungary
  • 1870 The Divorcee
  • 1870 Legacy of Cain Vol. 1: Love (includes his most famous work, Venus in Furs)
  • 1872 Faux Ermine
  • 1873 Female Sultan
  • 1873 The Messalinas of Vienna
  • 1873–74 Russian Court Stories: 4 Vols.
  • 1873–77 Viennese Court Stories: 2 Vols.
  • 1874/76 Liebesgeschichten aus verschiedenen Jahrhunderten [Love Stories from Several Centuries], 3 volumes, includes "Die Bluthochzeit zu Kiew" ("Bloody Wedding in Kyiv"), "Ariella"
  • 1874 Die Ideale unserer Zeit [The Ideals of Our Time][12]
  • 1875 Galician Stories
  • 1877 The Man Without Prejudice
  • 1877 Legacy of Cain. Vol. 2: Property
  • 1878 The New Hiob
  • 1878 Jewish Stories
  • 1878 The Republic of Women's Enemies
  • 1879 Silhouettes
  • 1881 New Jewish Stories
  • 1883 Die Gottesmutter (The Mother of God)
  • 1886 Eternal Youth
  • 1886 Stories from Polish Ghetto
  • 1886 Little Mysteries of World History
  • 1886 Bloody Wedding in Kyiv'[13]
  • 1887 Polish Stories
  • 1890 The Serpent in Paradise
  • 1891 The Lonesome
  • 1894 Love Stories
  • 1898 Entre nous
  • 1900 Catherina II
  • 1901 Afrikas Semiramis
  • 1907 Fierce Women

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Regarding personal names: Ritter was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as Knight. Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (Graf Helmuth James von Moltke). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (von, zu, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (Helmuth James Graf von Moltke). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting. There is no equivalent feminine form.
  2. ^ Alison M. Moore, Sexual Myths of Modernity: Sadism, Masochism and Historical Teleology, (Lexington Books, 2016) ISBN 9781498530736[page needed]
  3. ^ "City in Ukraine Tied to Masochism Finds Link Painful, Sure, but Some Like It" by Andrew Higgins, The New York Times, 14 November 2014
  4. ^ The cultural legacy of Sacher-Masoch 3 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Nataliya Kosmolinska and Yury Okhrimenko
  5. ^ a b Sacher-Masoch, Leopold Von (18 January 2017). Venus in Furs. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5426-1563-1.
  6. ^ . The Times. 19 June 1999. Archived from the original on 15 March 2007.
  7. ^ "Schwer hörig". Der Spiegel (in German). 26 January 1986. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  8. ^ "Leopold von Sacher-Masoch". know.cf. Retrieved 15 March 2020.[dead link]
  9. ^ Weinberg, Thomas S. (1992). "Sacher-Masoch, Leopold Ritter von". In Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (eds.). Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7972-8.
  10. ^ . The Vancouver Province. 29 May 2007. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  11. ^ Von Krafft-Ebing, Richard (1939). Psychopathia Sexualis: A Medico-Forensic Study. Elsevier Science. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-4831-9410-3. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  12. ^ Die Ideale unserer Zeit, novel in four books, Vienna 1874 (facsimile at Austrian National Library)
  13. ^ Leopold von Sacher-Masoch; Petro Haivoronskyi (2016). Bloody Wedding in Kyiv: Two Tales of Olha, Kniahynia of Kyivan Rus. Translated by Svitlana Chоrnomorets. Sydney: Sova Books. ISBN 9780987594372. (about Olga of Kiev)

Further reading edit

  • Bach, Ulrich E, "Sacher-Masoch's Utopian Peripheries." In: The German Quarterly 80.2 (2007): 201–219.
  • Biale, David, "Masochism and Philosemitism: The Strange Case of Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch", Journal of Contemporary History 17 (1982), 305–323.
  • Deleuze, Gilles, "Coldness and Cruelty," in Masochism, New York: Zone Books (1991).
  • John K. Noyes, The Mastery of Submission. Inventions of Masochism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1997.
  • Carlo Di Mascio, Masoch sovversivo. Cinque studi su Venus im Pelz, Firenze, Phasar Edizioni, 2018. ISBN 978-88-6358-488-2
  • Alison Moore, Recovering Difference in the Deleuzian Dichotomy of Masochism-without-Sadism. Angelaki 14 (3), November 2009, 27–43.
  • Alison M. Moore, Sexual Myths of Modernity: Sadism, Masochism and Historical Teleology. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016. ISBN 978-0-7391-3077-3

External links edit

  •   Media related to Leopold von Sacher-Masoch at Wikimedia Commons
  • Works by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch at Project Gutenberg
    • Venus in Furs from Project Gutenberg
    • The Bookbinder of Hort, part of an anthology, Stories by Foreign Authors
  • Works by or about Leopold von Sacher-Masoch at Internet Archive
  • Works by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
  • The Letawitza
  • The Independent Saturday, 23 July 1994 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  • Stanislav Tsalyk:

leopold, sacher, masoch, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, ju. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Leopold von Sacher Masoch news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Leopold Ritter 1 von Sacher Masoch German ˈleːopɔlt fɔn ˈzaxɐ ˈmaːzɔx 27 January 1836 9 March 1895 was an Austrian nobleman writer and journalist who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life The term masochism is derived from his name invented by his contemporary the Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft Ebing Masoch did not approve of this use of his name 2 Leopold von Sacher MasochBorn 1836 01 27 27 January 1836Lemberg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Austrian EmpireDied9 March 1895 1895 03 09 aged 59 Lindheim near Altenstadt German EmpireOccupation s Writer journalistKnown forMasochismNotable workVenus in FursDuring his lifetime Sacher Masoch was well known as a man of letters in particular a utopian thinker who espoused socialist and humanist ideals in his fiction and non fiction Most of his works remain untranslated into English Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and education 1 2 Galician storyteller 1 3 The Legacy of Cain 1 4 Private life and inspiration for Venus in Furs 1 5 Later years 2 Masochism 3 Selected bibliography 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Further reading 7 External linksBiography editEarly life and education edit Von Sacher Masoch was born in the city of Lemberg the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria at the time a province of the Austrian Empire into the Roman Catholic family of an Austrian civil servant 3 Leopold Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Sacher 1797 1874 and Charlotte Josepha von Masoch 1802 1870 a Ukrainian noblewoman dubious discuss 4 The father later combined his surname with his wife s von Masoch at the request of her family she was the last of the line Von Sacher served as a Commissioner of the Imperial Police Forces in Lemberg and he was recognised with a new title of nobility as Sacher Masoch awarded by the Austrian Emperor 5 Leopold studied law history and mathematics at Graz University where he obtained a doctorate in history in 1856 and after graduating he became a lecturer there citation needed Galician storyteller edit nbsp Masoch in the 1860sHis early non fictional publications dealt mostly with Austrian history At the same time Masoch turned to the folklore and culture of his homeland Galicia Soon he abandoned lecturing and became a free man of letters Within a decade his short stories and novels prevailed over his historical non fiction works though historical themes continued to imbue his fiction 5 Panslavist ideas were prevalent in Masoch s literary work and he found a particular interest in depicting picturesque types among the various ethnicities that inhabited Galicia From the 1860s to the 1880s he published a number of volumes of Jewish Short Stories Polish Short Stories Galician Short Stories German Court Stories and Russian Court Stories The Legacy of Cain edit In 1869 Sacher Masoch conceived a grandiose series of short stories under the collective title Legacy of Cain that would represent the author s aesthetic Weltanschauung The cycle opened with the manifesto The Wanderer that brought out misogynist themes that became peculiar to Masoch s writings Of the six planned volumes only the first two were ever completed By the middle of the 1880s Masoch abandoned the Legacy of Cain Nevertheless the published volumes of the series included Masoch s best known stories and of them Venus in Furs published 1870 is the most famous today The novella expressed Sacher Masoch s fantasies and fetishes especially for dominant women wearing fur He did his best to live out his fantasies with his mistresses and wives In 1873 he married Angelika Aurora von Rumelin Private life and inspiration for Venus in Furs edit nbsp Fanny Pistor and Sacher MasochFanny Pistor was an emerging literary writer She met Sacher Masoch after she contacted him under the assumed name and fictitious title of Baroness Bogdanoff for suggestions on improving her writing to make it suitable for publication She was the inspiration for Venus im Pelz Venus in Furs The erotic novel spawned the word masochism 6 7 Later years edit In 1874 Masoch wrote the novel Die Ideale unserer Zeit The Ideals of Our Time an attempt to give a portrait of German society during its Grunderzeit period 8 In his late fifties his mental health began to deteriorate and he spent the last years of his life under psychiatric care According to official reports he died in Lindheim in 1895 Lindheim at that time near Altenstadt was incorporated into the municipality of Altenstadt in 1971 It is also claimed that Masoch died in an asylum in Mannheim in 1905 9 Sacher Masoch is the great uncle of Eva von Sacher Masoch Baroness Erisso mother of British singer and actress Marianne Faithfull 10 Masochism edit nbsp A Sacher Masoch compilation published in 1901The term masochism was coined in 1886 by the Austrian psychiatrist Richard Freiherr von Krafft Ebing 1840 1902 in his book Psychopathia Sexualis I feel justified in calling this sexual anomaly Masochism because the author Sacher Masoch frequently made this perversion which up to his time was quite unknown to the scientific world as such the substratum of his writings I followed thereby the scientific formation of the term Daltonism from Dalton the discoverer of colour blindness During recent years facts have been advanced which prove that Sacher Masoch was not only the poet of Masochism but that he himself was afflicted with the anomaly Although these proofs were communicated to me without restriction I refrain from giving them to the public I refute the accusation that I have coupled the name of a revered author with a perversion of the sexual instinct which has been made against me by some admirers of the author and by some critics of my book As a man Sacher Masoch cannot lose anything in the estimation of his cultured fellow beings simply because he was afflicted with an anomaly of his sexual feelings As an author he suffered severe injury so far as the influence and intrinsic merit of his work is concerned for so long and whenever he eliminated his perversion from his literary efforts he was a gifted writer and as such would have achieved real greatness had he been actuated by normally sexual feelings In this respect he is a remarkable example of the powerful influence exercised by the vita sexualis be it in the good or evil sense over the formation and direction of man s mind 11 Sacher Masoch was not pleased with Krafft Ebing s assertions Nevertheless details of Masoch s private life were obscure until Aurora von Rumelin s memoirs Meine Lebensbeichte My Life Confession 1906 were published in Berlin under the pseudonym Wanda v Dunajew the name of a leading character in his Venus in Furs The following year a French translation Confession de ma vie 1907 by Wanda von Sacher Masoch was printed in Paris by Mercure de France An English translation of the French edition was published as The Confessions of Wanda von Sacher Masoch 1991 by RE Search Publications Selected bibliography editMain article Leopold von Sacher Masoch bibliography 1858 A Galician Story 1846 1865 Kaunitz 1866 Don Juan of Kolomiya 1867 The Last King of Hungary 1870 The Divorcee 1870 Legacy of Cain Vol 1 Love includes his most famous work Venus in Furs 1872 Faux Ermine 1873 Female Sultan 1873 The Messalinas of Vienna 1873 74 Russian Court Stories 4 Vols 1873 77 Viennese Court Stories 2 Vols 1874 76 Liebesgeschichten aus verschiedenen Jahrhunderten Love Stories from Several Centuries 3 volumes includes Die Bluthochzeit zu Kiew Bloody Wedding in Kyiv Ariella 1874 Die Ideale unserer Zeit The Ideals of Our Time 12 1875 Galician Stories 1877 The Man Without Prejudice 1877 Legacy of Cain Vol 2 Property 1878 The New Hiob 1878 Jewish Stories 1878 The Republic of Women s Enemies 1879 Silhouettes 1881 New Jewish Stories 1883 Die Gottesmutter The Mother of God 1886 Eternal Youth 1886 Stories from Polish Ghetto 1886 Little Mysteries of World History 1886 Bloody Wedding in Kyiv 13 1887 Polish Stories 1890 The Serpent in Paradise 1891 The Lonesome 1894 Love Stories 1898 Entre nous 1900 Catherina II 1901 Afrikas Semiramis 1907 Fierce WomenSee also editBDSM Marquis de Sade Sadism and masochism in fiction Story of ONotes edit Regarding personal names Ritter was a title before 1919 but now is regarded as part of the surname It is translated as Knight Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class titles preceded the full name when given Graf Helmuth James von Moltke Since 1919 these titles along with any nobiliary prefix von zu etc can be used but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname and thus come after any given names Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting There is no equivalent feminine form Alison M Moore Sexual Myths of Modernity Sadism Masochism and Historical Teleology Lexington Books 2016 ISBN 9781498530736 page needed City in Ukraine Tied to Masochism Finds Link Painful Sure but Some Like It by Andrew Higgins The New York Times 14 November 2014 The cultural legacy of Sacher Masoch Archived 3 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Nataliya Kosmolinska and Yury Okhrimenko a b Sacher Masoch Leopold Von 18 January 2017 Venus in Furs CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 978 1 5426 1563 1 Sex god Marianne s last word The Times 19 June 1999 Archived from the original on 15 March 2007 Schwer horig Der Spiegel in German 26 January 1986 Retrieved 19 July 2021 Leopold von Sacher Masoch know cf Retrieved 15 March 2020 dead link Weinberg Thomas S 1992 Sacher Masoch Leopold Ritter von In Bullough Vern L Bullough Bonnie eds Human Sexuality An Encyclopedia Garland Publishing ISBN 0 8240 7972 8 Marianne keeps the Faith In concert Marianne Faithfull The Vancouver Province 29 May 2007 Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 Retrieved 12 November 2012 Von Krafft Ebing Richard 1939 Psychopathia Sexualis A Medico Forensic Study Elsevier Science p 132 ISBN 978 1 4831 9410 3 Retrieved 28 July 2019 Die Ideale unserer Zeit novel in four books Vienna 1874 facsimile at Austrian National Library Leopold von Sacher Masoch Petro Haivoronskyi 2016 Bloody Wedding in Kyiv Two Tales of Olha Kniahynia of Kyivan Rus Translated by Svitlana Chornomorets Sydney Sova Books ISBN 9780987594372 about Olga of Kiev Further reading editBach Ulrich E Sacher Masoch s Utopian Peripheries In The German Quarterly 80 2 2007 201 219 Biale David Masochism and Philosemitism The Strange Case of Leopold Von Sacher Masoch Journal of Contemporary History 17 1982 305 323 Deleuze Gilles Coldness and Cruelty in Masochism New York Zone Books 1991 John K Noyes The Mastery of Submission Inventions of Masochism Ithaca Cornell University Press 1997 Carlo Di Mascio Masoch sovversivo Cinque studi su Venus im Pelz Firenze Phasar Edizioni 2018 ISBN 978 88 6358 488 2 Alison Moore Recovering Difference in the Deleuzian Dichotomy of Masochism without Sadism Angelaki 14 3 November 2009 27 43 Alison M Moore Sexual Myths of Modernity Sadism Masochism and Historical Teleology Lanham Lexington Books 2016 ISBN 978 0 7391 3077 3External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Leopold von Sacher Masoch nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Leopold von Sacher Masoch nbsp Media related to Leopold von Sacher Masoch at Wikimedia Commons Works by Leopold von Sacher Masoch at Project Gutenberg Venus in Furs from Project Gutenberg The Bookbinder of Hort part of an anthology Stories by Foreign Authors Works by or about Leopold von Sacher Masoch at Internet Archive Works by Leopold von Sacher Masoch at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp The Letawitza The Independent Saturday 23 July 1994 Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Stanislav Tsalyk Don Juan of Lviv Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leopold von Sacher Masoch amp oldid 1213293007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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