fbpx
Wikipedia

HDMI

January 01, 1970

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.[3] HDMI is a digital replacement for analog video standards.

HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface
Male HDMI "Type A" connector
Type Digital audio/video/data connector
Production history
Designer
HDMI Founders (7 companies)[1]
HDMI Forum (83 companies)[2]
Designed December 2002; 21 years ago (2002-12)
Manufacturer HDMI Adopters (over 1,700 companies)
Superseded DVI, VGA, SCART, RGB Component, S-Video, Composite video
General specifications
Width 13.9 mm (type A), 10.42 mm (type C), 6.4 mm (type D)
Height 4.45 mm (type A), 2.42 mm (type C), 2.8 mm (type D)
Hot pluggable Yes
External Yes
Audio signal LPCM, Dolby Digital, DTS, DVD-Audio, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS-HD Master Audio, MPCM, DSD, DST, Dolby Atmos, DTS:X
Video signal Maximum resolution limited by available bandwidth
Pins 19
Data
Data signal Yes
Bitrate Up to 48 Gbit/s, as of HDMI 2.1a
Protocol TMDS, Fixed Rate Link (FRL)
Pinout
HDMI type A receptacle
Pin 1 TMDS Data2+
Pin 2 TMDS Data2 Shield
Pin 3 TMDS Data2−
Pin 4 TMDS Data1+
Pin 5 TMDS Data1 Shield
Pin 6 TMDS Data1−
Pin 7 TMDS Data0+
Pin 8 TMDS Data0 Shield
Pin 9 TMDS Data0−
Pin 10 TMDS Clock+
Pin 11 TMDS Clock Shield
Pin 12 TMDS Clock−
Pin 13 Consumer Electronics Control (CEC)
Pin 14
Pin 15 SCL (I2C serial clock for DDC)
Pin 16 SDA (I2C serial data for DDC)
Pin 17 Ground (for DDC, CEC, ARC, and HEC)
Pin 18 +5 V (up to 50 mA)
Pin 19
  • Hot Plug Detect (all versions)
  • HEAC− (HDMI 1.4+, optional, HDMI Ethernet Channel and Audio Return Channel)

HDMI implements the ANSI/CTA-861 standard, which defines video formats and waveforms, transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio, auxiliary data, and implementations of the VESA EDID.[4][5]: p. III  CEA-861 signals carried by HDMI are electrically compatible with the CEA-861 signals used by the Digital Visual Interface (DVI). No signal conversion is necessary, nor is there a loss of video quality when a DVI-to-HDMI adapter is used.[5]: §C  The Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) capability allows HDMI devices to control each other when necessary and allows the user to operate multiple devices with one handheld remote control device.[5]: §6.3 

Several versions of HDMI have been developed and deployed since the initial release of the technology, occasionally introducing new connectors with smaller form factors, but all versions still use the same basic pinout and are compatible with all connector types and cables. Other than improved audio and video capacity, performance, resolution and color spaces, newer versions have optional advanced features such as 3D, Ethernet data connection, and CEC extensions.

Production of consumer HDMI products started in late 2003.[6] In Europe, either DVI-HDCP or HDMI is included in the HD ready in-store labeling specification for TV sets for HDTV, formulated by EICTA with SES Astra in 2005. HDMI began to appear on consumer HDTVs in 2004 and camcorders and digital still cameras in 2006.[7][8] As of January 2021, nearly 10 billion HDMI devices have been sold.[9]

History edit

The HDMI founders were Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Silicon Image, Sony, Thomson, and Toshiba.[1] Digital Content Protection, LLC provides HDCP (which was developed by Intel) for HDMI.[10] HDMI has the support of motion picture producers Fox, Universal, Warner Bros. and Disney, along with system operators DirecTV, EchoStar (Dish Network) and CableLabs.[3]

The HDMI founders began development on HDMI 1.0 on April 16, 2002, with the goal of creating an AV connector that was backward-compatible with DVI.[11][12] At the time, DVI-HDCP (DVI with HDCP) and DVI-HDTV (DVI-HDCP using the CEA-861-B video standard) were being used on HDTVs.[12][13][14] HDMI 1.0 was designed to improve on DVI-HDTV by using a smaller connector and adding audio capability and enhanced Y′CBCR capability and consumer electronics control functions.[12][13]

The first Authorized Testing Center (ATC), which tests HDMI products, was opened by Silicon Image on June 23, 2003, in California, United States.[15] The first ATC in Japan was opened by Panasonic on May 1, 2004, in Osaka.[16] The first ATC in Europe was opened by Philips on May 25, 2005, in Caen, France.[17] The first ATC in China was opened by Silicon Image on November 21, 2005, in Shenzhen.[18] The first ATC in India was opened by Philips on June 12, 2008, in Bangalore.[19] The HDMI website contains a list of all the ATCs.[20]

According to In-Stat, the number of HDMI devices sold was 5 million in 2004, 17.4 million in 2005, 63 million in 2006, and 143 million in 2007.[21][22][23] HDMI has become the de facto standard for HDTVs, and according to In-Stat, around 90% of digital televisions in 2007 included HDMI.[21][24][25][26][27] In-Stat has estimated that 229 million HDMI devices were sold in 2008.[28] On April 8, 2008, there were over 850 consumer electronics and PC companies that had adopted the HDMI specification (HDMI adopters).[29][30] On January 7, 2009, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that HDMI had reached an installed base of over 600 million HDMI devices.[30] In-Stat has estimated that 394 million HDMI devices would sell in 2009 and that all digital televisions by the end of 2009 would have at least one HDMI input.[30]

On January 28, 2008, In-Stat reported that shipments of HDMI were expected to exceed those of DVI in 2008, driven primarily by the consumer electronics market.[21][31]

In 2008, PC Magazine awarded a Technical Excellence Award in the Home Theater category for an "innovation that has changed the world" to the CEC portion of the HDMI specification.[32] Ten companies were given a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for their development of HDMI by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences on January 7, 2009.[33]

On October 25, 2011, the HDMI Forum was established by the HDMI founders to create an open organization so that interested companies can participate in the development of the HDMI specification.[34][35] All members of the HDMI Forum have equal voting rights, may participate in the Technical Working Group, and if elected can be on the Board of Directors.[35] There is no limit to the number of companies allowed in the HDMI Forum though companies must pay an annual fee of US$15,000 with an additional annual fee of $5,000 for those companies that serve on the Board of Directors.[35] The Board of Directors is made up of 11 companies who are elected every two years by a general vote of HDMI Forum members.[35] All future development of the HDMI specification take place in the HDMI Forum and are built upon the HDMI 1.4b specification.[35] Also on the same day HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that there were over 1,100 HDMI adopters and that over 2 billion HDMI-enabled products had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard.[1][34] From October 25, 2011, all development of the HDMI specification became the responsibility of the newly created HDMI Forum.[34]

On January 8, 2013, HDMI Licensing, LLC announced that there were over 1,300 HDMI adopters and that over 3 billion HDMI devices had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard.[36][37] The day also marked the 10th anniversary of the release of the first HDMI specification.[36][37]

As of January 2021, nearly 10 billion HDMI devices had been sold.[9]

Specifications edit

The HDMI specification defines the protocols, signals, electrical interfaces and mechanical requirements of the standard.[5]: p. V  The maximum pixel clock rate for HDMI 1.0 is 165 MHz, which is sufficient to allow 1080p and WUXGA (1920×1200) at 60 Hz. HDMI 1.3 increases that to 340 MHz, which allows for higher resolution (such as WQXGA, 2560×1600) across a single digital link.[38] An HDMI connection can either be single-link (type A/C/D) or dual-link (type B) and can have a video pixel rate of 25 MHz to 340 MHz (for a single-link connection) or 25 MHz to 680 MHz (for a dual-link connection). Video formats with pixel rates below 25 MHz (like 480i at 13.5 MHz) are transmitted over TMDS links using a pixel-repetition scheme.[5]: §§3, 6.4 

Audio/video edit

HDMI uses the Consumer Technology Association/Electronic Industries Alliance 861 standards. HDMI 1.0 to HDMI 1.2a uses the EIA/CEA-861-B video standard, HDMI 1.3 uses the CEA-861-D video standard, and HDMI 1.4 uses the CEA-861-E video standard.[5]: p. III  The CEA-861-E document defines "video formats and waveforms; colorimetry and quantization; transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio; carriage of auxiliary data; and implementations of the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard (E-EDID)".[39] On July 15, 2013, the CEA announced the publication of CEA-861-F, a standard that can be used by video interfaces such as DVI, HDMI, and LVDS.[40] CEA-861-F adds the ability to transmit several Ultra HD video formats and additional color spaces.[40]

To ensure baseline compatibility between different HDMI sources and displays (as well as backward compatibility with the electrically compatible DVI standard) all HDMI devices must implement the sRGB color space at 8 bits per component.[5]: §6.2.3  Ability to use the Y′CBCR color space and higher color depths ("deep color") is optional. HDMI permits sRGB 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), xvYCC 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), Y′CBCR 4:4:4 chroma subsampling (8–16 bits per component), or Y′CBCR 4:2:2 chroma subsampling (8–12 bits per component). The color spaces that can be used by HDMI are ITU-R BT.601, ITU-R BT.709-5 and IEC 61966-2-4.[5]: §§6.5,6.7.2 

For digital audio, if an HDMI device has audio, it is required to implement the baseline format: stereo (uncompressed) PCM. Other formats are optional, with HDMI allowing up to 8 channels of uncompressed audio at sample sizes of 16 bits, 20 bits, or 24 bits, with sample rates of 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz, 176.4 kHz, or 192 kHz.[5]: §7  HDMI also carries any IEC 61937-compliant compressed audio stream, such as Dolby Digital and DTS, and up to 8 channels of one-bit DSD audio (used on Super Audio CDs) at rates up to four times that of Super Audio CD.[5]: §7  With version 1.3, HDMI allows lossless compressed audio streams Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.[5]: §7  As with the Y′CBCR video, audio capability is optional. Audio return channel (ARC) is a feature introduced in the HDMI 1.4 standard.[41] "Return" refers to the case where the audio comes from the TV and can be sent "upstream" to the AV receiver using the HDMI cable connected to the AV receiver.[41] An example given on the HDMI website is that a TV that directly receives a terrestrial/satellite broadcast, or has a video source built in, sends the audio "upstream" to the AV receiver.[41]

The HDMI standard was not designed to pass closed caption data (for example, subtitles) to the television for decoding.[42] As such, any closed caption stream must be decoded and included as an image in the video stream(s) prior to transmission over an HDMI cable to appear on the DTV. This limits the caption style (even for digital captions) to only that decoded at the source prior to HDMI transmission. This also prevents closed captions when transmission over HDMI is required for upconversion. For example, a DVD player that sends an upscaled 720p/1080i format via HDMI to an HDTV has no way to pass Closed Captioning data so that the HDTV can decode it, as there is no line 21 VBI in that format.

Communication channels edit

HDMI has three physically separate communication channels, which are the DDC, TMDS and the optional CEC.[5]: §8.1  HDMI 1.4 added ARC and HEC.[41][43]

Display Data Channel (DDC) edit

Main article: Display Data Channel

The Display Data Channel (DDC) is a communication channel based on the I2C bus specification. HDMI specifically requires the device implement the Enhanced Display Data Channel (E-DDC), which is used by the HDMI source device to read the E-EDID data from the HDMI sink device to learn what audio/video formats it can take.[5]: §§8.1,CEC-1.2–CEC-1.3  HDMI requires that the E-DDC implement I2C standard mode speed (100 kbit/s) and allows it to optionally implement fast mode speed (400 kbit/s).[5]: §4.2.8 

The DDC channel is actively used for High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP).

Transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) edit

Transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) on HDMI interleaves video, audio and auxiliary data using three different packet types, called the video data period, the data island period and the control period. During the video data period, the pixels of an active video line are transmitted. During the data island period (which occurs during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals), audio and auxiliary data are transmitted within a series of packets. The control period occurs between video and data island periods.[5]: §5.1.2 

Both HDMI and DVI use TMDS to send 10-bit characters that are encoded using 8b/10b encoding that differs from the original IBM form for the video data period and 2b/10b encoding for the control period. HDMI adds the ability to send audio and auxiliary data using 4b/10b encoding for the data island period. Each data island period is 32 pixels in size and contains a 32-bit packet header, which includes 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data for error correction and describes the contents of the packet. Each packet contains four subpackets, and each subpacket is 64 bits in size, including 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data, allowing for each packet to carry up to 224 bits of audio data. Each data island period can contain up to 18 packets. Seven of the 15 packet types described in the HDMI 1.3a specifications deal with audio data, while the other 8 types deal with auxiliary data. Among these are the general control packet and the gamut metadata packet. The general control packet carries information on AVMUTE (which mutes the audio during changes that may cause audio noise) and color depth (which sends the bit depth of the current video stream and is required for deep color). The gamut metadata packet carries information on the color space being used for the current video stream and is required for xvYCC.[5]: §§5.2–5.3,6.5.3,6.7.2,6.7.3 

Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) edit

Main article: Consumer Electronics Control

Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) is an HDMI feature designed to allow the user to command and control up to 15 CEC-enabled devices, that are connected through HDMI,[44][45] by using only one of their remote controls (for example by controlling a television set, set-top box, and DVD player using only the remote control of the TV). CEC also allows for individual CEC-enabled devices to command and control each other without user intervention.[5]: §CEC-3.1 

It is a one-wire bidirectional serial bus that is based on the CENELEC standard AV.link protocol to perform remote control functions.[46] CEC wiring is mandatory, although implementation of CEC in a product is optional.[5]: §8.1  It was defined in HDMI Specification 1.0 and updated in HDMI 1.2, HDMI 1.2a and HDMI 1.3a (which added timer and audio commands to the bus).[5]: §§CEC-1.2,CEC-1.3,CEC-3.1,CEC-5  USB to CEC adapters exist that allow a computer to control CEC-enabled devices.[47][48][49][50]

HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel edit

Introduced in HDMI 1.4, HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel (HEAC) adds a high-speed bidirectional data communication link (HEC) and the ability to send audio data upstream to the source device (ARC). HEAC utilizes two lines from the connector: the previously unused Reserved pin (called HEAC+) and the Hot Plug Detect pin (called HEAC−).[51]: §HEAC-2.1  If only ARC transmission is required, a single mode signal using the HEAC+ line can be used, otherwise, HEC is transmitted as a differential signal over the pair of lines, and ARC as a common mode component of the pair.[51]: §HEAC-2.2 

Audio Return Channel (ARC)

ARC is an audio link meant to replace other cables between the TV and the A/V receiver or speaker system.[41] This direction is used when the TV is the one that generates or receives the video stream instead of the other equipment.[41] A typical case is the running of an app on a smart TV such as Netflix, but reproduction of audio is handled by the other equipment.[41] Without ARC, the audio output from the TV must be routed by another cable, typically TOSLink or RCA, into the speaker system.[52]

HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC)

HDMI Ethernet Channel technology consolidates video, audio, and data streams into a single HDMI cable, and the HEC feature enables IP-based applications over HDMI and provides a bidirectional Ethernet communication at 100 Mbit/s.[43] The physical layer of the Ethernet implementation uses a hybrid to simultaneously send and receive attenuated 100BASE-TX-type signals through a single twisted pair.[53][54]

Compatibility with DVI edit

 
An adapter with HDMI (male, right) and DVI (female, left) connectors
 
An adapter with DVI (male, rear, not visible) and HDMI (female, front) connectors

HDMI is backward compatible with single-link Digital Visual Interface digital video (DVI-D or DVI-I, but not DVI-A or dual-link DVI). No signal conversion is required when an adapter or asymmetric cable is used, so there is no loss of video quality.[5]: appx. C 

From a user's perspective, an HDMI display can be driven by a single-link DVI-D source, since HDMI and DVI-D define an overlapping minimum set of allowed resolutions and frame-buffer formats to ensure a basic level of interoperability. In the reverse case, a DVI-D monitor has the same level of basic interoperability unless content protection with High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) interferes—or the HDMI color encoding is in component color space Y′CBCR instead of RGB, which is not possible in DVI. An HDMI source, such as a Blu-ray player, may require an HDCP-compliant display, and refuse to output HDCP-protected content to a non-compliant display.[55] A further complication is that there is a small amount of display equipment, such as some high-end home theater projectors, designed with HDMI inputs but not HDCP-compliant.

Any DVI-to-HDMI adapter can function as an HDMI-to-DVI adapter (and vice versa).[56] Typically, the only limitation is the gender of the adapter's connectors and the gender of the cables and sockets it is used with.

Features specific to HDMI, such as remote-control and audio transport, are not available in devices that use legacy DVI-D signalling. However, many devices output HDMI over a DVI connector (e.g., ATI 3000-series and NVIDIA GTX 200-series video cards),[5]: appx. C [57] and some multimedia displays may accept HDMI (including audio) over a DVI input. Exact capabilities beyond basic compatibility vary. Adapters are generally bi-directional.

Content protection (HDCP) edit

Main article: High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) is a newer form of digital rights management (DRM). Intel created the original technology to make sure that digital content followed the guidelines set by the Digital Content Protection group.

HDMI can use HDCP to encrypt the signal if required by the source device. Content Scramble System (CSS), Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM) and Advanced Access Content System (AACS) require the use of HDCP on HDMI when playing back encrypted DVD Video, DVD Audio, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. The HDCP repeater bit controls the authentication and switching/distribution of an HDMI signal. According to HDCP Specification 1.2 (beginning with HDMI CTS 1.3a), any system that implements HDCP must do so in a fully compliant manner. HDCP testing that was previously only a requirement for optional tests such as the "Simplay HD" testing program is now part of the requirements for HDMI compliance.[5]: §9.2 [58][59] HDCP accommodates up to 127 connected devices with up to 7 levels, using a combination of sources, sinks and repeaters.[60] A simple example of this is several HDMI devices connected to an HDMI AV receiver that is connected to an HDMI display.[60]

Devices called HDCP strippers can remove the HDCP information from the video signal so the video can play on non-HDCP-compliant displays,[61] though a fair use and non-disclosure form must usually be signed with a registering agency before use.

Connectors edit

 
Connector types for HDMI
 
HDMI connector plugs (male): Type D (Micro), Type C (Mini), and Type A
 
HDMI type A receptacle

There are five HDMI connector types. Type A/B are defined in the HDMI 1.0 specification, type C is defined in the HDMI 1.3 specification, and type D/E are defined in the HDMI 1.4 specification.

Type A
The plug (male) connector outside dimensions are 13.9 mm × 4.45 mm, and the receptacle (female) connector inside dimensions are 14 mm × 4.55 mm.[5]: §4.1.9.2  There are 19 pins, with bandwidth to carry all SDTV, EDTV, HDTV, UHD, and 4K modes.[5]: §6.3  It is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D.[5]: §4.1.3 

Type B
This connector is 21.2 mm × 4.45 mm and has 29 pins, carrying six differential pairs instead of three, for use with very high-resolution displays such as WQUXGA (3840×2400). It is electrically compatible with dual-link DVI-D, but as of August 2021 has not yet been used in any products.[citation needed] With the introduction of HDMI 1.3, the maximum bandwidth of single-link HDMI exceeded that of dual-link DVI-D. As of HDMI 1.4, the pixel clock rate crossover frequency from single to dual-link has not been defined.[51]: §§4.1.3,4.1.9.4 

Type C
This Mini connector is smaller than the type A plug, measuring 10.42 mm × 2.42 mm but has the same 19-pin configuration.[5]: §§4.1.9.4,4.1.9.6  It is intended for portable devices.[3][5]: §4.1.1 [62] The differences are that all positive signals of the differential pairs are swapped with their corresponding shield, the DDC/CEC Ground is assigned to pin 13 instead of pin 17, the CEC is assigned to pin 14 instead of pin 13, and the reserved pin is 17 instead of pin 14.[5]: §4.1.10.5  The type C Mini connector can be connected to a type A connector using a type A-to-type C cable.[5]: §4.1.1 [62]

 
Micro HDMI receptacle
Type D
This Micro connector shrinks the connector size to something resembling a micro-USB connector,[62][63][64] measuring only 5.83 mm × 2.20 mm[65]: 36, fig. 4.1.9.8  For comparison, a micro-USB connector is 6.85 mm × 1.8 mm and a USB Type-A connector is 11.5 mm × 4.5 mm. It keeps the standard 19 pins of types A and C, but the pin assignment is different from both.[66]

Type E
The Automotive Connection System has a locking tab to keep the cable from vibrating loose and a shell to help prevent moisture and dirt from interfering with the signals.[67][68]

The HDMI alternate mode lets a user connect the reversible USB-C connector with the HDMI source devices (mobile, tablet, laptop). This cable connects to video display/sink devices using any of the native HDMI connectors. This is an HDMI cable, in this case a USB-C to HDMI cable.[69]

Cables edit

 
A standard HDMI cable

An HDMI cable is composed of four shielded twisted pairs, with impedance of the order of 100 Ω (±15%), plus seven separate conductors. HDMI cables with Ethernet differ in that three of the separate conductors instead form an additional shielded twisted pair (with the CEC/DDC ground as a shield).[51]: §HEAC-2.9 

Although no maximum length for an HDMI cable is specified, signal attenuation (dependent on the cable's construction quality and conducting materials) limits usable lengths in practice[70][71] and certification is difficult to achieve for lengths beyond 13 m.[72] HDMI 1.3 defines two cable categories: Category 1-certified cables, which have been tested at 74.25 MHz (which would include resolutions such as 720p60 and 1080i60), and Category 2-certified cables, which have been tested at 340 MHz (which would include resolutions such as 1080p60 and 4K30).[5]: §4.2.6 [63][73] Category 1 HDMI cables are marketed as "Standard" and Category 2 HDMI cables as "High Speed".[3] This labeling guideline for HDMI cables went into effect on October 17, 2008.[74][75] Category 1 and 2 cables can either meet the required parameter specifications for inter-pair skew, far-end crosstalk, attenuation and differential impedance, or they can meet the required non-equalized/equalized eye diagram requirements.[5]: §4.2.6  A cable of about 5 meters (16 feet) can be manufactured to Category 1 specifications easily and inexpensively by using 28 AWG (0.081 mm2) conductors.[70] With better quality construction and materials, including 24 AWG (0.205 mm2) conductors, an HDMI cable can reach lengths of up to 15 meters (49 feet).[70] Many HDMI cables under 5 meters of length that were made before the HDMI 1.3 specification can work as Category 2 cables, but only Category 2-tested cables are guaranteed to work for Category 2 purposes.[76]

As of the HDMI 1.4 specification, the following cable types are defined for HDMI in general:[77][78]

  • Standard HDMI Cable – up to 1080i and 720p
  • Standard HDMI Cable with Ethernet
  • Standard Automotive HDMI Cable
  • High Speed HDMI Cable – 1080p, 4K 30 Hz, 3D and deep color
  • High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet

A new certification program was introduced in October 2015 to certify that cables work at the 18 Gbit/s maximum bandwidth of the HDMI 2.0 specification.[79] In addition to expanding the set of cable testing requirements, the certification program introduces an EMI test to ensure cables minimize interference with wireless signals. These cables are marked with an anti-counterfeiting authentication label and are defined as:[80]

  • Premium High Speed HDMI Cable
  • Premium High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet

In conjunction with the HDMI 2.1 specification, a third category of cable was announced on January 4, 2017, called "48G".[81] Also known as Category 3 HDMI or "Ultra High Speed" HDMI, the cable is designed to support the 48 Gbit/s bandwidth of HDMI 2.1, supporting 4K, 5K, 8K and 10K at 120 Hz.[82] The cable is backwards compatible with the earlier HDMI devices, using existing HDMI type A, C and D connectors, and includes HDMI Ethernet.

  • Ultra High Speed HDMI Cable (48G Cable) – 4K, 5K, 8K and 10K at 120 Hz

Extenders edit

An HDMI extender is a single device (or pair of devices) powered with an external power source or with the 5V DC from the HDMI source.[83][84][85] Long cables can cause instability of HDCP and blinking on the screen, due to the weakened DDC signal that HDCP requires. HDCP DDC signals must be multiplexed with TMDS video signals to comply with HDCP requirements for HDMI extenders based on a single Category 5/Category 6 cable.[86][87] Several companies offer amplifiers, equalizers and repeaters that can string several standard HDMI cables together. Active HDMI cables use electronics within the cable to boost the signal and allow for HDMI cables of up to 30 meters (98 feet);[83] those based on HDBaseT can extend to 100 meters; HDMI extenders that are based on dual Category 5/Category 6 cable can extend HDMI to 250 meters (820 feet); while HDMI extenders based on optical fiber can extend HDMI to 300 meters (980 feet).[84][85]

Licensing edit

The HDMI specification is not an open standard; manufacturers need to be licensed by HDMI LA in order to implement HDMI in any product or component. Companies that are licensed by HDMI LA are known as HDMI Adopters.[88]

DVI is the only interface that does not require a license for interfacing HDMI.[citation needed]

HDMI adopters edit

While earlier versions of HDMI specs are available to the public for download, only adopters have access to the latest standards (HDMI 1.4b/2.1). Only adopters have access to the compliance test specification (CTS) that is used for compliance and certification. Compliance testing is required before any HDMI product can be legally sold.

  • Adopters have IP rights under Adopter Agreement.
  • Adopters receive the right to use HDMI logos and TMs on their products and marketing materials.
  • Adopters are listed on the HDMI website.
  • Products from adopters are listed and marketed in the official HDMI product finder database.
  • Adopters receive more exposure through combined marketing, such as the annual HDMI Developers Conference and technology seminars.

HDMI fee structure edit

There are two annual fee structures associated with being an HDMI adopter:

  • High-volume (more than 10,000 units) HDMI Adopter Agreement – US$10,000 per year.[89]
  • Low-volume (10,000 units or fewer) HDMI Adopter Agreement – US$5,000 plus a flat US$1 per unit administration fee.[89]

The annual fee is due upon the execution of the Adopter Agreement, and must be paid on the anniversary of this date each year thereafter.

The royalty fee structure is the same for all volumes. The following variable per-unit royalty is device-based and not dependent on number of ports, chips or connectors:

  • US$0.15 – for each end-user licensed product[89]
  • US$0.05 – if the HDMI logo is used on the product and promotional material, the per-unit fee drops from US$0.15 to US$0.05.[89]
  • US$0.04 – if HDCP is implemented and HDMI logo is used, the per-unit fee drops from US$0.05 to US$0.04.[89]

Use of HDMI logo requires compliance testing. Adopters need to license HDCP separately.

The HDMI royalty is only payable on licensed products that will be sold on a stand-alone basis (i.e., that are not incorporated into another licensed product that is subject to an HDMI royalty). For example, if a cable or IC is sold to an adopter who then includes it in a television subject to a royalty, then the cable or IC maker would not pay a royalty, and the television manufacturer would pay the royalty on the final product. If the cable is sold directly to consumers, then the cable would be subject to a royalty.[89]

Versions edit

 
HDMI Licensing headquarters in San Jose, California (in Silicon Valley). This building was formerly the home of Accolade.

HDMI devices are manufactured to adhere to various versions of the specification, in which each version is given a number or letter, such as 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4b.[5]: p. III  Each subsequent version of the specification uses the same kind of cable but increases the bandwidth or capabilities of what can be transmitted over the cable.[5]: p. III  A product listed as having an HDMI version does not necessarily mean that it has all features in that version,[90] since some HDMI features are optional, such as deep color and xvYCC (which is branded by Sony as "x.v.Color").[91][92] Since the release of HDMI 1.4, the HDMI Licensing Administrator, Inc. (which oversees the HDMI standard) has banned the use of version numbers to identify cables.[93] Non-cable HDMI products, starting on January 1, 2012, may no longer reference the HDMI number, and must state which features of the HDMI specification the product implements.[94]

Version 1.0 edit

HDMI 1.0 was released on December 9, 2002, and is a single-cable digital audio/video connector interface. The link architecture is based on DVI, using exactly the same video transmission format but sending audio and other auxiliary data during the blanking intervals of the video stream. HDMI 1.0 allows a maximum TMDS clock of 165 MHz (4.95 Gbit/s bandwidth per link), the same as DVI. It defines two connectors called Type A and Type B, with pinouts based on the Single-Link DVI-D and Dual-Link DVI-D connectors respectively, though the Type B connector was never used in any commercial products. HDMI 1.0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission, giving it 3.96 Gbit/s of video bandwidth (1920 × 1080 or 1920 × 1200 at 60 Hz) and 8-channel LPCM/192 kHz/24-bit audio. HDMI 1.0 requires support for RGB video, with optional support for Y′CBCR 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 (mandatory if the device has support for Y′CBCR on other interfaces). Color depth of 10 bpc (30 bit/px) or 12 bpc (36 bit/px) is allowed when using 4:2:2 subsampling, but only 8 bpc (24 bit/px) color depth is permitted when using RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4. Only the Rec. 601 and Rec. 709 color spaces are supported. HDMI 1.0 allows only specific pre-defined video formats, including all the formats defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and some additional formats listed in the HDMI Specification itself. All HDMI sources/sinks must also be capable of sending/receiving native Single-Link DVI video and be fully compliant with the DVI Specification.[95]

Version 1.1 edit

HDMI 1.1 was released on May 20, 2004, and added support for DVD-Audio.

Version 1.2 edit

HDMI 1.2 was released on August 8, 2005, and added the option of One Bit Audio, used on Super Audio CDs, at up to 8 channels. To make HDMI more suitable for use on PC devices, version 1.2 also removed the requirement that only explicitly supported formats be used. It added the ability for manufacturers to create vendor-specific formats, allowing any arbitrary resolution and refresh rate rather than being limited to a pre-defined list of supported formats. In addition, it added explicit support for several new formats including 720p at 100 and 120 Hz and relaxed the pixel format support requirements so that sources with only native RGB output (PC sources) would not be required to support Y′CBCR output.[96]: §6.2.3 

HDMI 1.2a was released on December 14, 2005 and fully specifies Consumer Electronic Control (CEC) features, command sets and CEC compliance tests.[96]

Version 1.3 edit

HDMI 1.3 was released on June 22, 2006, and increased the maximum TMDS clock to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbit/s).[5][38][97] Like previous versions, it uses TMDS encoding, giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 8.16 Gbit/s (sufficient for 1920 × 1080 at 144 Hz or 2560 × 1440 at 75 Hz). It added support for 10 bpc, 12 bpc, and 16 bpc color depth (30, 36, and 48 bit/px), called deep color. It also added support for the xvYCC color space, in addition to the ITU-R BT.601 and BT.709 color spaces supported by previous versions, and added the ability to carry metadata defining color gamut boundaries. It also optionally allows output of Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio streams for external decoding by AV receivers.[98] It incorporates automatic audio syncing (audio video sync) capability.[38] It defined cable Categories 1 and 2, with Category 1 cable being tested up to 74.25 MHz and Category 2 being tested up to 340 MHz.[5]: §4.2.6  It also added the new HDMI Type C "Mini" connector for portable devices.[5]: §4.1.1 [99]

HDMI 1.3a was released on November 10, 2006, and had cable and sink modifications for HDMI Type C, source termination recommendations, and removed undershoot and maximum rise/fall time limits. It also changed CEC capacitance limits, and CEC commands for timer control were brought back in an altered form, with audio control commands added. It also added the optional ability to stream SACD in its bitstream DST format rather than uncompressed raw DSD.[5] HDMI 1.3a is available to download free of charge, after registration.[100]

Version 1.4 edit

 
HDMI 1.4 with audio return channel

HDMI 1.4 was released on June 5, 2009, and first came to market after Q2 of 2009.[63][101][102] Retaining the bandwidth of the previous version, HDMI 1.4 defined standardized timings to use for 4096 × 2160 at 24 Hz, 3840 × 2160 at 24, 25, and 30 Hz, and added explicit support for 1920 × 1080 at 120 Hz with CTA-861 timings.[65]: §6.3.2  It also added an HDMI Ethernet Channel (HEC) that accommodates a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection between the two HDMI connected devices so they can share an Internet connection,[43] introduced an audio return channel (ARC),[41] 3D Over HDMI, a new Micro HDMI Connector, an expanded set of color spaces with the addition of sYCC601, Adobe RGB and Adobe YCC601, and an Automotive Connection System.[63][103][104][105][106] HDMI 1.4 defined several stereoscopic 3D formats including field alternative (interlaced), frame packing (a full resolution top-bottom format), line alternative full, side-by-side half, side-by-side full, 2D + depth, and 2D + depth + graphics + graphics depth (WOWvx).[62][107][108] HDMI 1.4 requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24.[108] High Speed HDMI cables as defined in HDMI 1.3 work with all HDMI 1.4 features except for the HDMI Ethernet Channel, which requires the new High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet defined in HDMI 1.4.[62][107][108]

HDMI 1.4a was released on March 4, 2010, and added two mandatory 3D formats for broadcast content, which was deferred with HDMI 1.4 pending the direction of the 3D broadcast market.[109][110] HDMI 1.4a has defined mandatory 3D formats for broadcast, game, and movie content.[109] HDMI 1.4a requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24, side-by-side horizontal at either 1080i50 or 1080i60, and top-and-bottom at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24.[110]

HDMI 1.4b was released on October 11, 2011,[111] containing only minor clarifications to the 1.4a document. HDMI 1.4b is the last version of the standard that HDMI LA is responsible for. All future versions of the HDMI Specification were produced by the HDMI Forum, created on October 25, 2011.[34][112]

Version 2.0 edit

HDMI 2.0, referred to by some manufacturers as HDMI UHD, was released on September 4, 2013.[113]

HDMI 2.0 increases the maximum bandwidth to 18.0 Gbit/s.[113][114][115] HDMI 2.0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission like previous versions, giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 14.4 Gbit/s. This enables HDMI 2.0 to carry 4K video at 60 Hz with 24 bit/px color depth.[113][116][117] Other features of HDMI 2.0 include support for the Rec. 2020 color space, up to 32 audio channels, up to 1536 kHz audio sample frequency, dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen, up to four audio streams, 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, 25 fps 3D formats, support for the 21:9 aspect ratio, dynamic synchronization of video and audio streams, the HE-AAC and DRA audio standards, improved 3D capability, and additional CEC functions.[113][118][119]

HDMI 2.0a was released on April 8, 2015, and added support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) video with static metadata.[120]

HDMI 2.0b was released March 2016.[121] HDMI 2.0b initially supported the same HDR10 standard as HDMI 2.0a as specified in the CTA-861.3 specification.[118] In December 2016 additional support for HDR Video transport was added to HDMI 2.0b in the CTA-861-G specification, which extends the static metadata signaling to include hybrid log–gamma (HLG).[118][122][123]

Version 2.1 edit

HDMI 2.1 was officially announced by the HDMI Forum on January 4, 2017,[81][82] and was released on November 28, 2017.[124] It adds support for higher resolutions and higher refresh rates, including 4K 120 Hz and 8K 60 Hz. HDMI 2.1 also introduces a new HDMI cable category called Ultra High Speed (referred to as 48G during development), which certifies cables at the new higher speeds that these formats require. Ultra High Speed HDMI cables are backwards compatible with older HDMI devices, and older cables are compatible with new HDMI 2.1 devices, though the full 48 Gbit/s bandwidth is only supported with the new cables.

Some systems may not be able to use HDMI 2.1 because the HDMI Forum is preventing its use in open source implementations (such as Linux open source drivers). Users of those systems may need to use DisplayPort instead to access high resolutions and speeds.[125]

The following features were added to the HDMI 2.1 Specification:[124][126]

  • Maximum supported format is 10K at 120 Hz
  • Dynamic HDR for specifying HDR metadata on a scene-by-scene or even a frame-by-frame basis
    • Note: While HDMI 2.1 did standardize transport of dynamic HDR metadata over HDMI, in actuality it only formalized dynamic metadata interfaces already utilized by Dolby Vision and HDR10+ in HDMI 2.0, which is why neither Dolby Vision nor HDR10+ require HDMI 2.1 to function properly.[127]
  • Display Stream Compression (DSC) 1.2 is used for video formats higher than 8K with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling
  • High Frame Rate (HFR) for 4K, 8K, and 10K, which adds support for refresh rates up to 120 Hz
  • Enhanced Audio Return Channel (eARC) for object-based audio formats such as Dolby Atmos and DTS:X
  • Enhanced refresh rate and latency reduction features:
    • Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) reduces or eliminates lag, stutter and frame tearing for more fluid motion in games
    • Quick Media Switching (QMS) for movies and video eliminates the delay that can result in blank screens before content begins to be displayed
    • Quick Frame Transport (QFT) reduces latency by bursting individual pictures across the HDMI link as fast as possible when the link's hardware supports more bandwidth than the minimum amount needed for the resolution and frame rate of the content. With QFT, individual pictures arrive earlier and some hardware blocks can be fully powered off for longer periods of time between pictures to reduce heat generation and extend battery life.
  • Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) – When a display device supports the option to either optimize its pixel processing for best latency or best pixel processing, ALLM allows the current HDMI source device to automatically select, based on its better understanding of the nature of its own content, which mode the user would most likely prefer.

Video formats that require more bandwidth than 18.0 Gbit/s (4K 60 Hz 8 bpc RGB), such as 4K 60 Hz 10 bpc (HDR), 4K 120 Hz, and 8K 60 Hz, may require the new "Ultra High Speed" or "Ultra High Speed with Ethernet" cables.[82] HDMI 2.1's other new features are supported with existing HDMI cables.

The increase in maximum bandwidth is achieved by increasing both the bitrate of the data channels and the number of channels. Previous HDMI versions use three data channels (each operating at up to 6.0 Gbit/s in HDMI 2.0, or up to 3.4 Gbit/s in HDMI 1.4), with an additional channel for the TMDS clock signal, which runs at a fraction of the data channel speed (one tenth the speed, or up to 340 MHz, for signaling rates up to 3.4 Gbit/s; one fortieth the speed, or up to 150 MHz, for signaling rates between 3.4 and 6.0 Gbit/s). HDMI 2.1 doubles the signaling rate of the data channels to 12 Gbit/s. The structure of the data has been changed to use a new packet-based format with an embedded clock signal, which allows what was formerly the TMDS clock channel to be used as a fourth data channel instead, increasing the signaling rate across that channel to 12 Gbit/s as well. These changes increase the aggregate bandwidth from 18.0 Gbit/s (3 × 6.0 Gbit/s) to 48.0 Gbit/s (4 × 12.0 Gbit/s), a 2.66× improvement in bandwidth. In addition, the data is transmitted more efficiently by using a 16b/18b encoding scheme, which uses a larger percentage of the bandwidth for data rather than DC balancing compared to the TMDS scheme used by previous versions (88.8% compared to 80%). This, in combination with the 2.66× bandwidth, raises the maximum data rate of HDMI 2.1 from 14.4 Gbit/s to 42.6 Gbit/s. Subtracting overhead for FEC, the usable data rate is approximately 42.0 Gbit/s, around 2.92× the data rate of HDMI 2.0.[128][129]

The 48 Gbit/s bandwidth provided by HDMI 2.1 is enough for 8K resolution at approximately 50 Hz, with 8 bpc RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color. To achieve even higher formats, HDMI 2.1 can use Display Stream Compression (DSC) with a compression ratio of up to 3∶1. Using DSC, formats up to 8K (7680 × 4320) 120 Hz or 10K (10240 × 4320) 100 Hz at 8 bpc RGB/4:4:4 are possible. Using Y′CBCR with 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling in combination with DSC can allow for even higher formats.[126]

HDMI 2.1a was released on February 15, 2022, and added support for Source-Based Tone Mapping (SBTM).[130][131]

HDMI 2.1b was released on August 10, 2023.[132]

Version comparison edit

The "version" of a connection depends on the versions of the HDMI ports on the source and sink devices, not on the HDMI cable. The different categories of HDMI cable only affect the bandwidth (maximum resolution / refresh rate) of the connection. Other features such as audio, 3D, chroma subsampling, or variable refresh rate depend only on the versions of the ports, and are not affected by what type of HDMI cable is used. The only exception to this is Ethernet-over-HDMI, which requires an "HDMI with Ethernet" cable.

Products are not required to implement all features of a version to be considered compliant with that version, as most features are optional. For example, displays with HDMI 1.4 ports do not necessarily support the full 340 MHz TMDS clock allowed by HDMI 1.4; they are commonly limited to lower speeds such as 300 MHz (1080p 120 Hz) or even as low as 165 MHz (1080p 60 Hz) at the manufacturer's discretion, but are still considered HDMI 1.4-compliant. Likewise, features like 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth may also not be supported, even if the HDMI version allows it and the display supports it over other interfaces such as DisplayPort.[91]

Feature support will therefore vary from device to device, even within the same HDMI version.

Main specifications edit

  HDMI version
1.0–1.2a 1.3–1.3a 1.4–1.4b 2.0–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
Release date
  • Jun 2009 (1.4)[137]
  • Mar 2010 (1.4a)[109]
  • Oct 2011 (1.4b)
  • Sep 2013 (2.0)[113]
  • Apr 2015 (2.0a)[138]
  • Mar 2016 (2.0b)
Signal specifications
Max. transmission bit rate (Gbit/s)[a] 4.95 10.2 10.2 18.0 48.0
Max. data rate (Gbit/s)[b] 3.96 8.16 8.16 14.4 42.0
Max. TMDS character rate (MHz)[c] 165[95]: §3  340[136] 340 600[114]: §6.1.1  —
Data channels 3 3 3 3 4
Encoding scheme[d] TMDS[95]: §5.1  TMDS TMDS TMDS 16b/18b[129]
Encoding efficiency 80% 80% 80% 80% 88.8%
Compression – – – – DSC 1.2a
(optional)[141][142]
Color format support
RGB Yes[95]: §6.2.3  Yes Yes Yes Yes
Y′CBCR 4:4:4 Yes[95]: §6.2.3  Yes Yes Yes Yes
Y′CBCR 4:2:2 Yes[95]: §6.2.3  Yes Yes Yes Yes
Y′CBCR 4:2:0 No No No[e] Yes[114]: §7.1  Yes
Color depth support
08 bpc (24 bit/px) Yes[95]: §3  Yes Yes Yes Yes
10 bpc (30 bit/px) Yes[f] Yes Yes Yes Yes
12 bpc (36 bit/px) Yes[f] Yes Yes Yes Yes
16 bpc (48 bit/px) No Yes[5]: §6.5  Yes Yes Yes
Color space support
SMPTE 170M Yes[95]: §6.7.1  Yes Yes Yes Yes
ITU-R BT.601 Yes[95]: §6.7.1  Yes Yes Yes Yes
ITU-R BT.709 Yes[95]: §6.7.2  Yes Yes Yes Yes
sRGB No Yes[5]: §6.7.1.3  Yes Yes Yes
xvYCC (601 and 709) No Yes[5]: §6.7.2.3  Yes Yes Yes
sYCC601[g] No No Yes[65]: §6.7.2.4  Yes Yes
Adobe YCC601[h] No No Yes[65]: §6.7.2.5  Yes Yes
Adobe RGB (1998) No No Yes[65]: §6.7.2.5  Yes Yes
ITU-R BT.2020 No No No Yes[114]: §7.2.2  Yes
Audio specifications
Max. sample rate per channel (kHz) 192[95]: §7.3  192 192 192 192
Max. aggregate sample rate (kHz) ? ? 768[65]: §7.3  1536[114]: §9.2  1536
Sample size (bits) 16–24[95]: §7.3  16–24 16–24 16–24 16–24
Maximum audio channels 8[95]: §7.3.1  8 8 32[114]: §8.3.1  32
  1.0–1.2a 1.3–1.3a 1.4–1.4b 2.0–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
HDMI version
  1. ^ Total transmission bit rate is equal to the number of data channels multiplied by the bit rate per channel (binary digits transmitted per second). Each channel transmits one bit (binary digit) per signal, and signals at ten times the character rate. Therefore, the total transmission bit rate (in Mbit/s) = 10 × (character rate in MHz) × (# of data channels).
  2. ^ Some of the transmitted bits are used for encoding purposes rather than representing data, so the rate at which video data can be transmitted across the HDMI interface is only a portion of the total bit rate.
  3. ^ The TMDS character rate is the number of 10-bit TMDS characters per second transmitted across one HDMI data channel. This is sometimes informally referred to as the pixel clock or TMDS clock because these terms were once equivalent in past HDMI versions.[114]: §4.2.2 
  4. ^ TMDS encoding uses 10 bits of the transmission to send 8 bits of data, so only 80% of the transmission bit rate is available for data throughput. 16b/18b encoding uses 18 bits of bandwidth to send 16 bits of data, so 88.8% of the transmission bit rate is available for data throughput.
  5. ^ Although HDMI 1.4 does not officially allow 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, NVIDIA and AMD have added 4:2:0 support to their HDMI 1.4 graphics cards via driver updates[143]
  6. ^ a b HDMI 1.0–1.2a permit 10 bpc and 12 bpc color depth only when Y′CBCR 4:2:2 color format is used. When using RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4, only 8 bpc color is permitted.[95]: §6.5 
  7. ^ sRGB with BT.601 matrix, defined in IEC 61966-2-1/Amendment 1. Able to represent out-of-gamut colors[65]: §6.7.2.4  à la xvYCC.[144]
  8. ^ Adobe RGB with BT.601 matrix, defined in IEC 61966-2-5 Annex A.[65]: §6.7.2.4 

Refresh frequency limits for common resolutions edit

The maximum limits for TMDS transmission are calculated using standard data rate calculations.[145] For FRL transmission, the limits are calculated using the capacity computation algorithm provided by the HDMI Specification.[146]: §6.5.6.2.1  All calculations assume uncompressed RGB video with CVT-RB v2 timing. Maximum limits may differ if compression (i.e. DSC) or Y′CBCR 4:2:0 chroma subsampling are used.

Display manufacturers may also use non-standard blanking intervals (a Vendor-Specific Timing Format as defined in the HDMI Specification[5]: §6.1 ) rather than CVT-RB v2 to achieve even higher frequencies when bandwidth is a constraint. The refresh frequencies in the below table do not represent the absolute maximum limit of each interface, but rather an estimate based on a modern standardized timing formula. The minimum blanking intervals (and therefore the exact maximum frequency that can be achieved) will depend on the display and how many secondary data packets it requires, and therefore will differ from model to model.

Video format TMDS character rate / Maximum data rate[a] FRL transmission mode / Maximum data rate
Shorthand Resolution Color depth
(bpc) 		165 MHz TMDS 340 MHz TMDS 600 MHz TMDS FRL1 (9G) FRL2 (18G) FRL3 (24G) FRL4 (32G) FRL5 (40G) FRL6 (48G)
3.96 Gbit/s 8.16 Gbit/s 14.4 Gbit/s 7.88 Gbit/s 15.8 Gbit/s 21.0 Gbit/s 28.0 Gbit/s 35.0 Gbit/s 42.0 Gbit/s
Maximum refresh frequency with CVT-RB v2 timing (Hz)
1080p 1920 × 1080 8 73 146 246 142 267 342 434 516 591
10 59 118 201 116 221 285 365 438 505
1440p 2560 × 1440 8 42 85 147 83 159 208 268 326 379
10 34 69 119 67 130 170 221 269 315
UWQHD 3440 × 1440 8 32 65 112 62 121 159 207 253 297
10 25 52 90 50 98 129 169 207 244
4K 3840 × 2160 8 39 68 37 74 98 129 159 188
10 31 55 30 60 79 104 129 153
5K 5120 × 2880 8 39 42 56 74 92 110
10 31 34 45 60 74 89
8K 7680 × 4320 8 33 42 50
10 34 40
10K 10240 × 4320 8 25 32 38
10 25 30
  0–60 Hz
  60–120 Hz
  120–240 Hz
  240+ Hz
  1. ^ 165 MHz was the maximum TMDS character rate allowed in version 1.2a of the HDMI Specification and earlier. In version 1.3, the maximum allowed speed was increased to 340 MHz, and in version 2.0 it was increased to 600 MHz. These are only the maximum speeds permitted by the specification; individual devices may be limited to any speed within the maximum allowed.

Refresh frequency limits for standard video edit

HDMI 1.0 and 1.1 are restricted to transmitting only certain video formats,[95]: §6.1  defined in EIA/CEA-861-B and in the HDMI Specification itself.[95]: §6.3  HDMI 1.2 and all later versions allow any arbitrary resolution and frame rate (within the bandwidth limit). Formats that are not supported by the HDMI Specification (i.e., no standardized timings defined) may be implemented as a vendor-specific format. Successive versions of the HDMI Specification continue to add support for additional formats (such as 4K resolutions), but the added support is to establish standardized timings to ensure interoperability between products, not to establish which formats are or are not permitted. Video formats do not require explicit support from the HDMI Specification in order to be transmitted and displayed.[96]: §6.1 

Individual products may have heavier limitations than those listed below, since HDMI devices are not required to support the maximum bandwidth of the HDMI version that they implement. Therefore, it is not guaranteed that a display will support the refresh rates listed in this table, even if the display has the required HDMI version.

Uncompressed 8 bpc (24 bit/px) color depth and RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color format are assumed on this table except where noted.

Video format HDMI version / maximum data rate / cable category
Shorthand Resolution Refresh rate (Hz) Data rate required[a] 1.0–1.1 1.2–1.2a 1.3–1.4b 2.0–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
3.96 Gbit/s 8.16 Gbit/s 14.4 Gbit/s 42.6 Gbit/s
Standard[b] High speed Premium high speed / High speed [c] Ultra high speed
720p 1280 × 720 30 720 Mbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 1.45 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
120 2.99 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes
1080p 1920 × 1080 30 1.58 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 3.20 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
120 6.59 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes
144 8.00 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes
240 14.00 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] Yes Yes
1440p 2560 × 1440 30 2.78 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 5.63 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes
75 7.09 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes
120 11.59 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] Yes Yes
144 14.08 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] Yes Yes
240 24.62 Gbit/s No No No 4:2:0[d] Yes
4K 3840 × 2160 30 6.18 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes
60 12.54 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] Yes Yes
75 15.79 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] 4:2:0[d] Yes
120 25.82 Gbit/s No No No 4:2:0[d] Yes
144 31.35 Gbit/s No No No No Yes
240 54.84 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
5K 5120 × 2880 30 10.94 Gbit/s No No 4:2:0[d] Yes Yes
60 22.18 Gbit/s No No No 4:2:0[d] Yes
120 45.66 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
8K 7680 × 4320 30 24.48 Gbit/s No No No 4:2:0[d] Yes
60 49.65 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
120 102.2 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
10K 10240 × 4320 30 32.55 Gbit/s No No No No Yes
60 66.03 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
100 112.17 Gbit/s No No No No DSC[e]
1.0–1.1 1.2–1.2a 1.3–1.4b 2.0–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
HDMI version
  1. ^ Uncompressed 8 bpc (24 bit/px) color depth with RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing are used to calculate these data rates. Uncompressed data rate for RGB images in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second. Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
  2. ^ Standard category cables are only certified to cover up to 1080i
  3. ^ High speed cable works by design but not tested[147]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Possible by using Y′CBCR with 4:2:0 subsampling (as noted)
  5. ^ a b c d e f Possible by using Display Stream Compression (DSC)

Refresh frequency limits for HDR10 video edit

HDR10 requires 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth, which uses 25% more bandwidth than standard 8 bpc video.

Uncompressed 10 bpc color depth and RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color format are assumed on this table except where noted.

Video format HDMI version / maximum data rate
Shorthand Resolution Refresh
rate (Hz) 		Data rate
required[a] 		2.0a–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
14.4 Gbit/s 42.6 Gbit/s
1080p 1920 × 1080 60 4.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes
120 8.24 Gbit/s Yes Yes
144 10.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes
240 17.50 Gbit/s 4:2:0[b] Yes
1440p 2560 × 1440 60 7.04 Gbit/s Yes Yes
100 11.96 Gbit/s Yes Yes
120 14.49 Gbit/s 4:2:0[b] Yes
144 17.60 Gbit/s 4:2:0[b] Yes
240 30.77 Gbit/s No Yes
4K 3840 × 2160 50 13.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes
60 15.68 Gbit/s 4:2:0[b] Yes
120 32.27 Gbit/s No Yes
144 39.19 Gbit/s No Yes
5K 5120 × 2880 30 13.67 Gbit/s Yes Yes
60 27.72 Gbit/s 4:2:0[b] Yes
120 57.08 Gbit/s No DSC[c]
8K 7680 × 4320 30 30.60 Gbit/s No Yes
60 62.06 Gbit/s No DSC[c]
120 127.75 Gbit/s No DSC[c]
10K 10240 × 4320 30 40.69 Gbit/s No Yes
60 82.53 Gbit/s No DSC[c]
100 140.22 Gbit/s No DSC[c]
2.0a–2.0b 2.1–2.1b
HDMI version
  1. ^ Uncompressed 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth with RGB or Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing are used to calculate these data rates. Uncompressed data rate for RGB images in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second. Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
  2. ^ a b c d e Possible by using Y′CBCR with 4:2:0 subsampling (as noted)
  3. ^ a b c d e Possible by using Display Stream Compression (DSC)

Feature support edit

The features defined in the HDMI Specification that an HDMI device may implement are listed below. For historical interest, the version of the HDMI Specification in which the feature was first added is also listed. All features of the HDMI Specification are optional; HDMI devices may implement any combination of these features.

Although the "HDMI version numbers" are commonly misused as a way of indicating that a device supports certain features, this notation has no official meaning and is considered improper by HDMI Licensing.[148] There is no officially-defined correlation between features supported by a device and any claimed "version numbers", as version numbers refer to historical editions of the HDMI Specification document, not to particular classes of HDMI devices. Manufacturers are forbidden from describing their devices using HDMI version numbers, and are required to identify support for features by listing explicit support for them,[149][150] but the HDMI forum has received criticism for lack of enforcement of these policies.[151]

  • Full HD Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD video (version 1.0)[a]
  • Consumer Electronic Control (CEC) (version 1.0)[b]
  • DVD-Audio (version 1.1)[a]
  • Super Audio CD (DSD) (version 1.2)
  • Auto Lip-Sync Correction (version 1.3)
  • Dolby TrueHD / DTS-HD Master Audio bitstream capable (version 1.3)
  • Updated list of CEC commands (version 1.3a)[c]
  • 3D video (version 1.4)[104]
  • Ethernet channel (100 Mbit/s) (version 1.4)
  • Audio return channel (ARC) (version 1.4)
  • 4 audio streams (version 2.0)[118]
  • Dual View (version 2.0)[118]
  • Perceptual quantizer HDR EOTF (SMPTE ST 2084) (version 2.0a)[154]
  • Hybrid log–gamma (HLG) HDR EOTF (version 2.0a)[118][122][123]
  • Static HDR metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) (version 2.0a)
  • Dynamic HDR metadata (SMPTE ST 2094) (version 2.0b)
  • Enhanced audio return channel (eARC) (version 2.1)
  • Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) (version 2.1)
  • Quick Media Switching (QMS) (version 2.1)
  • Quick Frame Transport (QFT) (version 2.1)
  • Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) (version 2.1)
  • Display Stream Compression (DSC) (version 2.1)
  • Source-Based Tone Mapping (SBTM) (version 2.1a)[131]
  1. ^ a b Even for a compressed audio codec that a given HDMI device cannot transport, the source device may be able to decode the audio codec and transmit the audio as uncompressed LPCM.
  2. ^ CEC has been in the HDMI specification since version 1.0, but only began to see implementation in consumer electronics products in 2008[152][153]
  3. ^ Large number of additions and clarifications for CEC commands. One addition is CEC command, allowing for volume control of an AV receiver.[5]: §CEC-1.3 

Display Stream Compression edit

Display Stream Compression (DSC) is a VESA-developed video compression algorithm designed to enable increased display resolutions and frame rates over existing physical interfaces, and make devices smaller and lighter, with longer battery life.[155]

Applications edit

Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD players edit

Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD, introduced in 2006, offer high-fidelity audio features that require HDMI for best results. HDMI 1.3 can transport Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, and DTS-HD Master Audio bitstreams in compressed form.[5]: §7  This capability allows for an AV receiver with the necessary decoder to decode the compressed audio stream. The Blu-ray specification does not include video encoded with either deep color or xvYCC; thus, HDMI 1.0 can transfer Blu-ray discs at full video quality.[156]

The HDMI 1.4 specification (released in 2009) added support for 3D video and is used by all Blu-ray 3D compatible players.

The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) spokespersons have stated (Sept. 2014 at IFA show in Berlin, Germany) that the Blu-ray, Ultra HD players, and 4K discs are expected to be available starting in the second half to 2015. It is anticipated that such Blu-ray UHD players will be required to include a HDMI 2.0 output that supports HDCP 2.2.

Blu-ray permits secondary audio decoding, whereby the disc content can tell the player to mix multiple audio sources together before final output.[157] Some Blu-ray and HD DVD players can decode all of the audio codecs internally and can output LPCM audio over HDMI. Multichannel LPCM can be transported over an HDMI connection, and as long as the AV receiver implements multichannel LPCM audio over HDMI and implements HDCP, the audio reproduction is equal in resolution to HDMI 1.3 bitstream output. Some low-cost AV receivers, such as the Onkyo TX-SR506, do not allow audio processing over HDMI and are labelled as "HDMI pass through" devices.[158][159] Virtually all modern AV Receivers now offer HDMI 1.4 inputs and outputs with processing for all of the audio formats offered by Blu-ray Discs and other HD video sources. During 2014 several manufacturers introduced premium AV Receivers that include one, or multiple, HDMI 2.0 inputs along with a HDMI 2.0 output(s). However, not until 2015 did most major manufacturers of AV receivers also support HDCP 2.2 as needed to support certain high quality UHD video sources, such as Blu-ray UHD players.

Digital cameras and camcorders edit

Most consumer camcorders, as well as many digital cameras, are equipped with a mini-HDMI connector (type C connector).

Some cameras also have 4K capability, although cameras capable of HD video often include an HDMI interface for playback or even live preview, the image processor and the video processor of cameras usable for uncompressed video must be able to deliver the full image resolution at the specified frame rate in real time without any missing frames causing jitter. Therefore, usable uncompressed video out of HDMI is often called "clean HDMI".[160][161]

Personal computers edit

Personal computer (PCs) with a DVI interface are capable of video output to an HDMI-enabled monitor.[5]: appx. C  Some PCs include an HDMI interface and may also be capable of HDMI audio output, depending on specific hardware.[162] For example, Intel's motherboard chipsets since the 945G and NVIDIA's GeForce 8200/8300 motherboard chipsets are capable of 8-channel LPCM output over HDMI.[162][163] Eight-channel LPCM audio output over HDMI with a video card was first seen with the ATI Radeon HD 4850, which was released in June 2008 and is implemented by other video cards in the ATI Radeon HD 4000 series.[163][164][165][166][167] Linux can drive 8-channel LPCM audio over HDMI if the video card has the necessary hardware and implements the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA).[168] The ATI Radeon HD 4000 series implements ALSA.[168][169] Cyberlink announced in June 2008 that they would update their PowerDVD playback software to allow 192 kHz/24-bit Blu-ray Disc audio decoding in Q3-Q4 of 2008.[170] Corel's WinDVD 9 Plus currently has 96 kHz/24-bit Blu-ray Disc audio decoding.[171]

Even with an HDMI output, a computer may not be able to produce signals that implement HDCP, Microsoft's Protected Video Path, or Microsoft's Protected Audio Path.[163][172] Several early graphic cards were labelled as "HDCP-enabled" but did not have the hardware needed for HDCP;[173] this included some graphic cards based on the ATI X1600 chipset and certain models of the NVIDIA Geforce 7900 series.[173] The first computer monitors that could process HDCP were released in 2005; by February 2006 a dozen different models had been released.[174][175] The Protected Video Path was enabled in graphic cards that had HDCP capability, since it was required for output of Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD video. In comparison, the Protected Audio Path was required only if a lossless audio bitstream (such as Dolby TrueHD or DTS-HD MA) was output.[163] Uncompressed LPCM audio, however, does not require a Protected Audio Path, and software programs such as PowerDVD and WinDVD can decode Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA and output it as LPCM.[163][170][171] A limitation is that if the computer does not implement a Protected Audio Path, the audio must be downsampled to 16-bit 48 kHz but can still output at up to 8 channels.[163] No graphic cards were released in 2008 that implemented the Protected Audio Path.[163]

The Asus Xonar HDAV1.3 became the first HDMI sound card that implemented the Protected Audio Path and could both bitstream and decode lossless audio (Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD MA), although bitstreaming is only available if using the ArcSoft TotalMedia Theatre software.[176][177] It has an HDMI 1.3 input/output, and Asus says that it can work with most video cards on the market.[176][177][178]

Legacy interfaces such as VGA, DVI and LVDS have not kept pace, and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward. In our opinion, DisplayPort 1.2 is the future interface for PC monitors, along with HDMI 1.4a for TV connectivity.

"Leading PC Companies Move to All Digital Display Technology, Phasing out Analog". Intel. December 8, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2012.

In September 2009, AMD announced the ATI Radeon HD 5000 series video cards, which have HDMI 1.3 output (deep color, xvYCC wide gamut capability and high bit rate audio), 8-channel LPCM over HDMI, and an integrated HD audio controller with a Protected Audio Path that allows bitstream output over HDMI for AAC, Dolby AC-3, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio formats.[179][180][181] The ATI Radeon HD 5870 released in September 2009 is the first video card that allows bitstream output over HDMI for Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.[181] The AMD Radeon HD 6000 series implements HDMI 1.4a. The AMD Radeon HD 7000 series implements HDMI 1.4b.[182]

In December 2010, it was announced that several computer vendors and display makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung, and LG would stop using LVDS (actually, FPD-Link) from 2013 and legacy DVI and VGA connectors from 2015, replacing them with DisplayPort and HDMI.[183][184]

On August 27, 2012, Asus announced a new 27 in (69 cm) monitor that produces its native resolution of 2560×1440 via HDMI 1.4.[185][186]

On September 18, 2014, Nvidia launched GeForce GTX 980 and GTX 970 (with GM204 chip) with HDMI 2.0 support. On January 22, 2015, GeForce GTX 960 (with GM206 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On March 17, 2015, GeForce GTX TITAN X (GM200) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On June 1, 2015, GeForce GTX 980 Ti (with GM200 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support. On August 20, 2015, GeForce GTX 950 (with GM206 chip) launched with HDMI 2.0 support.

On May 6, 2016, Nvidia launched the GeForce GTX 1080 (GP104 GPU) with HDMI 2.0b support.[187]

On September 1, 2020, Nvidia launched the GeForce RTX 30 series, the world's first discrete graphics cards with support for the full 48 Gbit/s bandwidth with Display Stream Compression 1.2 of HDMI 2.1.[188][189][190]

Gaming consoles edit

Beginning with the seventh generation of video game consoles, most consoles support HDMI. Video game consoles that support HDMI include the Xbox 360 (except most pre-2007 models) (1.2a), Xbox One (1.4b), Xbox One S (2.0a), Xbox One X (2.0b), PlayStation 3 (1.3a), PlayStation 4 (1.4b), PlayStation 4 Pro (2.0a), Wii U (1.4a), Nintendo Switch (1.4b), Nintendo Switch (OLED model) (2.0a), Xbox Series X and Series S (2.1), and PlayStation 5 (2.1).

Tablet computers edit

 
An HDMI port on the side of a laptop computer

Some tablet computers implement HDMI using Micro-HDMI (Type D) port, while others like the Eee Pad Transformer implement the standard using mini-HDMI (type C) ports. All iPad models have a special A/V adapter that converts Apple's Lightning connector to a standard HDMI (Type A) port. Samsung has a similar proprietary thirty-pin port for their Galaxy Tab 10.1 that could adapt to HDMI as well as USB drives. The Dell Streak 5 smartphone/tablet hybrid is capable of outputting over HDMI. While the Streak uses a PDMI port, a separate cradle adds HDMI compatibility. Some tablets running Android OS provide HDMI output using a mini-HDMI (type C) port. Most new laptops and desktops now have built in HDMI as well.

Mobile phones edit

Many mobile phones can produce an output of HDMI video via a micro-HDMI connector, SlimPort, MHL[191][192][193] or other adapter.[194][195][196][197]

Legacy compatibility edit

HDMI can only be used with older analog-only devices (using connections such as SCART, VGA, RCA, etc.) by means of a digital-to-analog converter or AV receiver, as the interface does not carry any analog signals (unlike DVI, where devices with DVI-I ports accept or provide either digital or analog signals). Cables are available that contain the necessary electronics, but it is important to distinguish these active converter cables from passive HDMI to VGA cables (which are typically cheaper as they don't include any electronics). The passive cables are only useful if a user has a device that is generating or expecting HDMI signals on a VGA connector, or VGA signals on an HDMI connector; this is a non-standard feature, not implemented by most devices.

HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type-C edit

The HDMI Alternate Mode for USB-C allows HDMI-enabled sources with a USB-C connector to directly connect to standard HDMI display devices, without requiring an adapter.[198] The standard was released in September 2016, and supports all HDMI 1.4b features such as video resolutions up to Ultra HD 30 Hz and CEC.[199] Previously, the similar DisplayPort Alternate Mode could be used to connect to HDMI displays from USB Type-C sources, but where in that case active adapters were required to convert from DisplayPort to HDMI, HDMI Alternate Mode connects to the display natively.[200]

The Alternate Mode reconfigures the four SuperSpeed differential pairs present in USB-C to carry the three HDMI TMDS channels and the clock signal. The two Sideband Use pins (SBU1 and SBU2) are used to carry the HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel and the Hot Plug Detect functionality (HEAC+/Utility pin and HEAC−/HPD pin). As there are not enough reconfigurable pins remaining in USB-C to accommodate the DDC clock (SCL), DDC data (SDA), and CEC – these three signals are bridged between the HDMI source and sink via the USB Power Delivery 2.0 (USB-PD) protocol, and are carried over the USB-C Configuration Channel (CC) wire.[198] This is possible because the cable is electronically marked (i.e., it contains a USB-PD node) that serves to tunnel the DDC and CEC from the source over the Configuration Channel to the node in the cable, these USB-PD messages are received and relayed to the HDMI sink as regenerated DDC (SCL and SDA signals), or CEC signals.[198]

As stated at CES in January 2023, HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type-C is no longer being updated[201] as there are no known products using this protocol, reducing its relevance in the current market. This will reduce consumer confusion as DisplayPort Alternate Mode is the primary video protocol of choice over USB-C.

 
Pin mapping for USB Type-C HDMI Alternate Mode[198]

Relationship with DisplayPort edit

 
Dual-mode DisplayPort logo

The DisplayPort audio/video interface was introduced in May 2006. Historically, HDMI Licensing LLC was publicly dismissive of DisplayPort's position in the industry, with its president stating in a 2009 interview that "there are certainly some PCs that have DisplayPort connectors on them, but these are niche applications that have not taken hold in the market."[202]

In recent years, DisplayPort connectors have become a common feature of premium[203] products—displays, desktop computers, and video cards; most of the companies producing DisplayPort equipment are in the computer sector. The DisplayPort website states that DisplayPort is expected to complement HDMI,[204] but as of 2016 100% of HD and UHD TVs had HDMI connectivity.[205] DisplayPort supported some advanced features which are useful for multimedia content creators and gamers (e.g., 5K, Adaptive-Sync), which was the reason most GPUs have DisplayPort. These features were added to the official HDMI specification slightly later, but with the introduction of HDMI 2.1, these gaps are already leveled off (e.g., VRR / Variable Refresh Rate).

DisplayPort uses a self-clocking, micro-packet-based protocol that allows for a variable number of differential pair lanes as well as flexible allocation of bandwidth between audio and video, and allows encapsulating multi-channel compressed audio formats in the audio stream.[206][207] DisplayPort 1.2 supports multiple audio/video streams, variable refresh rate (FreeSync), and Dual-mode transmitters compatible with HDMI 1.2 or 1.4.[206][208][209] Revision 1.3 increases overall transmission bandwidth to 32.4 Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1 Gbit/s per lane; it requires Dual-mode with mandatory HDMI 2.0 compatibility and HDCP 2.2.[210][211] Revision 1.4 added Display Stream Compression (DSC), support for the BT.2020 color space, and HDR10 extensions from CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata.[212] Revision 1.4a was published in April 2018,[213] updating DisplayPort's DSC implementation from 1.2 to 1.2a.[214] Revision 2.0 increased overall bandwidth from 25.92 to 77.37 Gbit/s, enabling increased resolutions and refresh rates, increasing the resolutions and refresh rates with HDR support, and other related improvements.[215] Revision 2.1 was published in October 2022, incorporating the new DP40 and DP80 cable certifications, which require proper operation at the UHBR10 (40 Gbit/s) and UHBR20 (80 Gbit/s) speeds introduced in version 2.0, and a bandwidth management feature to enable DisplayPort tunnelling to coexist with other I/O data traffic more efficiently over a USB4/USB Type-C connection.[216]

The DisplayPort features an adapter detection mechanism enabling dual-mode operation and the transmission of TMDS signals allowing the conversion to DVI and HDMI 1.2/1.4/2.0 signals using a passive adapter.[217][206] The same external connector is used for both protocols – when a DVI/HDMI passive adapter is attached, the transmitter circuit switches to TMDS mode. DisplayPort Dual-mode ports and cables/adapters are typically marked with the DisplayPort++ logo. Thunderbolt ports with mDP connector also supports Dual-mode passive HDMI adapters/cables. Conversion to dual-link DVI and component video (VGA/YPbPr) requires active powered adapters.[206][217]

The USB 3.1 Type-C connector is increasingly the standard video connector, replacing legacy video connectors such as mDP, Thunderbolt, HDMI, and VGA in mobile devices. USB-C connectors can transmit DisplayPort video to docks and displays using standard USB Type-C cables or Type-C to DisplayPort cables and adapters; USB-C also supports HDMI adapters that actively convert from DisplayPort to HDMI 1.4 or 2.0. DisplayPort Alternate Mode for USB Type-C specification was published in 2015. USB Type-C chipsets are not required to include Dual-mode, so passive DP-HDMI adapters do not work with Type-C sources. A specification for "HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type-C" was released in 2016, but was discontinued in 2023, with HDMI Licensing Administration stating they knew of no adapter having ever been produced.[218]

DisplayPort is royalty-free, though patent pool administrator Via LA attempts to collect a $0.20 per-device charge for a bulk license to patents it regards as essential to the DisplayPort specification,[219] while HDMI has an annual fee of US$10,000 and a per unit royalty rate of between $0.04 and $0.15.[220]

HDMI has had a few advantages over DisplayPort, such as ability to carry Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) signals since its first generation (DisplayPort 1.3, introduced in 2014, is the earliest DisplayPort generation which can carry CEC signals).[221][209][222]

Relationship with MHL edit

Main article: Mobile High-Definition Link

Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL) is an adaptation of HDMI intended to connect mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to high-definition televisions (HDTVs) and displays.[223][224] Unlike DVI, which is compatible with HDMI using only passive cables and adapters, MHL requires that the HDMI socket be MHL-enabled, otherwise an active adapter (or dongle) is required to convert the signal to HDMI. MHL is developed by a consortium of five consumer electronics manufacturers, several of which are also behind HDMI.[225]

MHL pares down the three TMDS channels in a standard HDMI connection to a single one running over any connector that provides at least five pins.[225] This lets existing connectors in mobile devices – such as micro-USB – be used, avoiding the need for additional dedicated video output sockets.[226] The USB port switches to MHL mode when it detects a compatible device is connected.

In addition to the features in common with HDMI (such as HDCP encrypted uncompressed high-definition video and eight-channel surround sound), MHL also adds the provision of power charging for the mobile device while in use, and also enables the TV remote to control it. Although support for these additional features requires connection to an MHL-enabled HDMI port, power charging can also be provided when using active MHL to HDMI adapters (connected to standard HDMI ports), provided there is a separate power connection to the adapter.

Like HDMI, MHL defines a USB-C Alternate Mode to support the MHL standard over USB-C connections.

Version 1.0 supported 720p/1080i 60 Hz (RGB/4:4:4 pixel encoding) with a bandwidth of 2.25 Gbit/s. Versions 1.3 and 2.0 added support for 1080p 60 Hz (Y′CBCR 4:2:2) with a bandwidth of 3 Gbit/s in PackedPixel mode.[224] Version 3.0 increased the bandwidth to 6 Gbit/s to support Ultra HD (3840 × 2160) 30 Hz video, and also changed from being frame-based, like HDMI, to packet-based.[227]

The fourth version, superMHL, increased bandwidth by operating over multiple TMDS differential pairs (up to a total of six) allowing a maximum of 36 Gbit/s.[228] The six lanes are supported over a reversible 32-pin superMHL connector, while four lanes are supported over USB-C Alternate Mode (only a single lane is supported over micro-USB/HDMI). Display Stream Compression (DSC) is used to allow up to 8K Ultra HD (7680 × 4320) 120 Hz HDR video, and to support Ultra HD 60 Hz video over a single lane.[228]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c . HDMI. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  2. ^ "Members". HDMI Forum. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2007.
  4. ^ CEA-861-D, A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces, §1 Scope
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as (PDF), HDMI Licensing, LLC, November 10, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016, retrieved April 1, 2016 – via Microprocessor.org
  6. ^ (Press release). Indianapolis, IN: HDMI.org. September 5, 2003. Archived from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  7. ^ Samsung (February 24, 2006). "Samsung Camera Releases New High-Performance Digimax L85 Featuring World's First High Definition Multimedia Interface". dpreview.com. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  8. ^ . Canon. January 31, 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  9. ^ a b "More HDMI® 2.1 Enabled Products Reach the Market Bringing Advanced Consumer Entertainment Features to a Wide Audience - Ultra High Speed HDMI® Cables Now Available Enabling End-to-End HDMI 2.1 Installations". HDMI LA. January 5, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  10. ^ "About DCP". Digital Content Protection LLC. Retrieved December 28, 2008.
  11. ^ Rodolfo La Maestra (June 25, 2006). . HDTV Magazine. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  12. ^ a b c Michael Stelts (April 17, 2002). (PDF). Copy Protection Technical Working Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  13. ^ a b Bob O'Donnell (December 2006). (PDF). Silicon Image. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  14. ^ Alen Koebel (February 2003). "DVI and HDMI: Digital A/V Interfaces for A New Age". Widescreen Review (69): 64. Retrieved June 24, 2008. When HDCP is added to DVI, the result is often called "DVI+HDCP." When this is used on an HDTV, HD monitor or set-top box, a further standard is usually applied: IEA/CEA-861 (currently 861-B)...the interface is commonly known as DVI-HDTV.
  15. ^ . HDMI.org. June 26, 2003. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  16. ^ "Panasonic Equips Japanese HDMI Authorized Testing Center". Entrepreneur.com. May 1, 2004. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  17. ^ . HDMI.org. May 25, 2005. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  18. ^ . HDMI.org. November 21, 2005. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  19. ^ . HDMI.org. June 12, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  20. ^ . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  21. ^ a b c Brian O'Rourke (January 28, 2008). "In-Stat Reports DVI on the Decline as HDMI and DisplayPort Grow". Business Wire, Inc. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
  22. ^ . instat.com. January 30, 2006. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
  23. ^ "Silicon Image Inc – SIMG Annual Report". Edgar Online. March 1, 2007. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  24. ^ Jean-Pierre Evain (October 2007). (PDF). EBU Technical Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  25. ^ Brian Weatherhead (November 2004). "DVI and HDMI Connections and HDCP Explained". Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  26. ^ Paul Mcgoldgrick (August 1, 2006). . Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  27. ^ Evan Sun (November 8, 2007). "Testing your High Definition embedded devices using the HDMI Version 1.3 specification". Audio Design Line. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  28. ^ . HDMI.org. January 5, 2008. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
  29. ^ (Press release). HDMI.org. April 8, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  30. ^ a b c . HDMI.org. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  31. ^ ExtremeTech Staff (January 29, 2008). . ExtremeTech. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  32. ^ Heron, Robert; Griffith, Eric; Kaplan, Jeremy A. (October 22, 2008). . PC Magazine. Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on October 25, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  33. ^ (PDF). National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. October 27, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  34. ^ a b c d . HDMI.org. October 25, 2011. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  35. ^ a b c d e . HDMIForum.org. Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  36. ^ a b "HDMI Interface Extends Exceptional Digital Quality with Single-Cable Simplicity to Over 4 Billion Consumer Devices". HDMI Licensing, LLC. January 6, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  37. ^ a b "HDMI Specification Marks 10-Year Milestone as De-Facto Standard for HD Connectivity". Business Wire. January 8, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  38. ^ a b c . hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. June 22, 2006. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  39. ^ . Consumer Electronics Association. March 1, 2008. Archived from the original on November 7, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  40. ^ a b "CEA Announces Publication of New DTV Interface Standard". Business Wire. July 15, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h "Audio Return Channel". HDMI Licensing, LLC. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  42. ^ Closed captions#Incompatibility issues with digital TV
  43. ^ a b c "HDMI Ethernet Channel". HDMI Licensing, LLC. from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  44. ^ Pulse-Eight USB CEC Adapter Review
  45. ^ . TechHive. March 26, 2008. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  46. ^ "Designing CEC into your next HDMI Product" (PDF). QuantumData.com. 2008.
  47. ^ . xbmc. November 1, 2011. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  48. ^ "USB – CEC Adapter". Pulse-Eight. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  49. ^ "Take control of your TV with your HTPC via HDMI-CEC". Engadget. August 25, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  50. ^ . RainShadow Technology. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  51. ^ a b c d (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. June 5, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017 – via Microprocessor.org.
  52. ^ Jacobson, Julie (May 27, 2009). . CEPro.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  53. ^ "100BASE-(T) TX/T4/FX - ETHERNET". firewall.cx. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  54. ^ "United States Patent USOO6986681B2 Patent No.: US 6,986,681 B2" (PDF). patentimages.storage.googleapis.com. January 17, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  55. ^ "Digital Content Protection FAQs". Digital Content Protection, LLC. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  56. ^ "The Best HDMI Splitter". The Geek Street. November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  57. ^ "If I am using a DVI-to-HDMI cable will audio be transmitted over this cable to the 3D TV? – NVIDIA". nvidia.custhelp.com.
  58. ^ . TWICE. December 11, 2006. Archived from the original on September 19, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  59. ^ (PDF). HDMI.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  60. ^ a b (PDF). Digital Content Protection. July 8, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  61. ^ Ryan Block (July 21, 2005). "The Clicker: HDCP's Shiny Red Button". Engadget. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  62. ^ a b c d e . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  63. ^ a b c d . HDMI Licensing, LLC. May 28, 2009. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  64. ^ . Nikkei Electronics Asia. May 8, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. June 5, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  66. ^ Micro-HDMI (type D) pinout
  67. ^ . HDMI Licensing. Archived from the original on August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  68. ^ "Automotive Use HDMI Type E Connector "MX50/53 Series" Has Been Developed". Japan Aviation Electronics Industry. February 15, 2012. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  69. ^ . www.hdmi.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  70. ^ a b c "Does length matter?". Sound & Vision. February 2007. Retrieved June 19, 2008. 5 meters (about 16 feet) can be manufactured easily... Higher-quality can reach 12 to 15 meters... fiber-optic or dual Cat-5 can extend to 100 meters or more
  71. ^ "Bigfoot Cables FAQ". Bigfoot Cables. October 2012. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2012. cables can be as long as 10–15 metres, but extra precautions and standards must be followed during the manufacturing process
  72. ^ "How Long Can HDMI Cable Be Run?". Blue Jeans Cable. July 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016. The longest HDMI cable we have ever seen a compliance test certificate for is our own Series-1, which passed ATC testing at 45 feet under HDMI 1.3a (CTS 1.3b1).
  73. ^ . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2009.
  74. ^ . HDMI.org. October 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  75. ^ . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  76. ^ . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  77. ^ . HDMI. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  78. ^ "3D HDTV and HDMI Explained". Hdguru.Com. February 22, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  79. ^ "HDMI Licensing, LLC Launches Premium HDMI Cable Certification Program". hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. October 5, 2015.
  80. ^ "Premium HDMI Cable Certification Program". hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  81. ^ a b "HDMI 2.1 Press Release". HDMI Forum, Inc (Press release). hdmi.org. January 4, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
  82. ^ a b c . HDMI Forum, Inc. hdmi.org. January 4, 2017. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  83. ^ a b . HDMI. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  84. ^ a b (PDF). Extenhd. August 20, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
  85. ^ a b . Xreo. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
  86. ^ (PDF). Digital Content Protection, LLC. January 16, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  87. ^ "Digital Millennium Copyright Act". U.S. Copyright Office. October 28, 1998. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  88. ^ Jain, Kavitha. . semiconductorstore.com. Symmetry Electronics. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  89. ^ a b c d e f . HDMI. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  90. ^ "HDMI cable version numbers". Selby Acoustics. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  91. ^ a b Steve Venuti (December 2007). "Home Toys Interview December 2007". hometoys. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  92. ^ . Sony. January 7, 2007. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  93. ^ . Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
  94. ^ (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. November 18, 2009. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  96. ^ a b c (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  97. ^ Joseph Palenchar (June 19, 2006). . TWICE. Archived from the original on November 10, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  98. ^ . HDTVMagazine.com. August 8, 2006. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
  99. ^ Matt Burns (June 28, 2006). . engadgetHD. Archived from the original on November 3, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  100. ^ "Download HDMI HDMI Specification 1.3a". hdmi.org. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  101. ^ "Silicon Image introduces First Products Incorporating HDMI 1.4 Features for DTV and Home Theatre Applications". Silicon Image. June 22, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  102. ^ . Archived from the original on March 3, 2019.
  103. ^ . HDMI. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  104. ^ a b . HDMI. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  105. ^ . HDMI. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  106. ^ (PDF). HDMI. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  107. ^ a b (PDF). HDMI.org. October 6, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
  108. ^ a b c (PDF). DisplayBlog. September 18, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
  109. ^ a b c . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. March 4, 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  110. ^ a b Arlen Schweiger (March 5, 2010). "HDMI 1.4a Spec Addresses Broadcast 3D". Electronic House. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
  111. ^ "10/11/2011 – HDMI Specification 1.4b and CTS 1.4b Available via Adopter Extranet". HDMI.org. October 11, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  112. ^ . HDMIForum.org. Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  113. ^ a b c d e . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  114. ^ a b c d e f g (PDF). HDMI Forum. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  115. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  116. ^ Ganesh T S (January 8, 2013). "Broadcom Unveils 4Kp60-capable BCM7445 SoC for Home Gateways (STBs)". Anandtech. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  117. ^ "CES: Consortiums address home streaming challenges". Variety. January 9, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  118. ^ a b c d e f . HDMI.org. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  119. ^ "HDMI 2.0 Specification and 4K UHD (2160p) Resolutions". audioholics.com. from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  120. ^ "HDMI 2.0a Spec Released, HDR Capability Added". Twice. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  121. ^ . The Wayback Machine. March 5, 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  122. ^ a b Ramus Larsen (December 12, 2016). "HDMI 2.0b standard gets support for HLG HDR". flatpanelshd. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  123. ^ a b Cotton, Andrew (December 31, 2016). "2016 in Review - High Dynamic Range". BBC. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  124. ^ a b . www.hdmi.org. November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on February 6, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  125. ^ Purdy, Kevin (February 29, 2024). "HDMI Forum to AMD: No, you can't make an open source HDMI 2.1 driver". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  126. ^ a b Anton Shilov (January 5, 2017). "HDMI 2.1 Announced". Anandtech. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  127. ^ Denison, Caleb; Cohen, Simon; Bizzaco, Michael (May 20, 2022). "HDMI 2.1: What it is, and why your next TV should have it". DigitalTrends. Digital Trends Media Group. from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  128. ^ . HDTV Magazine, Ltd. HDTV Expert. January 18, 2017. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  129. ^ a b "HDMI 2.1 To Bring Robust Home Theater Experience". HD Guru. January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  130. ^ a b "HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.1a of the HDMI Specification". HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  131. ^ a b Simon Baker (December 23, 2021). "HDMI 2.1a Certification Announced Including New Source-Based Tone Mapping (SBTM) Feature". www.tftcentral.co.uk.
  132. ^ "The HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.1b of the HDMI® Specification". hdmi.org. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  133. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on December 3, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  134. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  135. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  136. ^ a b "HDMI 1.3 DOUBLES BANDWIDTH, DELIVERS BILLIONS OF COLORS FOR HDTVs". HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  137. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on December 19, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  138. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  139. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on November 28, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  140. ^ "HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.1b of the HDMI Specification". HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  141. ^ Shilov, Anton. "HDMI 2.1 Announced: Supports 8Kp60, Dynamic HDR, New Color Spaces, New 48G Cable". Anandtech. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  142. ^ "DSC compression standard updated to DSC 1.2a in HDMI 2.1b". HDMI Forum. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  143. ^ "NVIDIA Kepler Cards Get HDMI 4K@60Hz Support (Kind Of)". Anandtech. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  144. ^ "sYCC". www.color.org.
  145. ^ "Video Timings Calculator". tomverbeure.github.io. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  146. ^ High Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 2.1a, HDMI Forum, February 7, 2022
  147. ^ . HDMI.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  148. ^ (PDF). www.hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2017.
  149. ^ . HDMI Licensing Administrator, Inc. Archived from the original on December 20, 2021.
  150. ^ "Is This HDMI Cable 1.4-compliant?". www.bluejeanscable.com.
  151. ^ Simon Baker (December 13, 2021). "When HDMI 2.1 Isn't HDMI 2.1 - The Confusing World of the Standard, "Fake HDMI 2.1" and Likely Future Abuse". www.tftcentral.co.uk.
  152. ^ Julie Jacobson (January 17, 2007). "Panasonic Demos Control over HDMI". CEPro. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  153. ^ Jeff Boccaccio (December 28, 2007). "Inside HDMI CEC: The Little-Known Control Feature". CEPro. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  154. ^ . www.hdmi.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  155. ^ (Press release). VESA. January 24, 2013. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  156. ^ . Home Theater Magazine. March 1, 2009. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
  157. ^ Zyber, Joshua (November 23, 2007). "High-Def FAQ: Blu-ray Profiles Explained". highdefdigest.com. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  158. ^ Don Lindich (December 23, 2006). "Sound Advice: Best receiver flying under his radar". post-gazette now. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  159. ^ . Onkyo. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  160. ^ Northup, Tony (2013). Tony Northrup's Photography Buying Guide: How to Choose a Camera, Lens, Tripod, Flash, & More. Mason Press. ISBN 978-0988263420.
  161. ^ "What is "clean HDMI output"?". Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  162. ^ a b Aaron Brezenski (April 28, 2008). . Intel Software Blogs. Archived from the original on April 15, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  163. ^ a b c d e f g Anand Lal Shimpi (September 17, 2008). "Understanding 8-channel LPCM over HDMI: Why it Matters and Who Supports it". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  164. ^ "ATI Radeon HD 4550 and ATI Radeon HD 4350 Graphics Cards Load Up Compelling Gaming and Multimedia Features". BusinessWire. September 30, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  165. ^ . AMD. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  166. ^ . AMD. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  167. ^ . AMD. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  168. ^ a b Michael Larabel (February 15, 2008). "ATI R700 Series Gain ALSA HDMI Audio". Phoronix. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  169. ^ Michael Larabel (August 7, 2008). "Sapphire Radeon HD 4850 Toxic 512MB". Phoronix. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  170. ^ a b "CyberLink Partners with Realtek to Showcase Lossless HD Audio Playback with Copy Protection Technology". Cyberlink. June 5, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
  171. ^ a b "WinDVD 9 Plus". Corel. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  172. ^ Marsh, Dave (January 10, 2009). "How to Implement Windows Vista Content Output Protection" (PowerPoint). Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  173. ^ a b Paul Monckton (September 20, 2006). "The HDCP chain". www.pcw.co.uk. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
  174. ^ Peter Rojas (October 4, 2005). "Gateway's FPD2185W 21-inch (530 mm) widescreen LCD". engadget. Retrieved May 9, 2008.
  175. ^ Alan Dang (February 19, 2006). . FiringSquad. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2008.
  176. ^ a b . Asus. June 4, 2008. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
  177. ^ a b "ASUS Reveals Xonar HDAV1.3 Series Sound Cards with World's First Dolby TrueHD Bit-Stream Feature for the New Blu-ray Era". Asus. December 31, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  178. ^ . Asus. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  179. ^ "ATI Radeon HD 5870 GPU Feature Summary". AMD. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
  180. ^ "ATI Radeon HD 5850 GPU Feature Summary". AMD. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
  181. ^ a b "AMD's Radeon HD 5870: Bringing About the Next Generation Of GPUs: The Race is Over: 8-channel LPCM, TrueHD & DTS-HD MA Bitstreaming". Anandtech. September 23, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
  182. ^ (PDF). AMD. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2012.
  183. ^ Adhikari, Richard (December 9, 2010). "VGA Given 5 Years to Live". Tech News World.
  184. ^ Hachman, Mark (January 1, 1970). "Top PC, Chip, Display Makers to Ditch VGA, DVI | News & Opinion". PCMag.com. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  185. ^ "ASUS Launches the PB278Q WQHD Display". asus.com. August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  186. ^ "Asus PB278Q". asus.com. August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  187. ^ "GeForce GTX 1080 Graphics Cards from NVIDIA GeForce". NVIDIA.
  188. ^ Newsroom, NVIDIA. "NVIDIA Delivers Greatest-Ever Generational Leap with GeForce RTX 30 Series GPUs". NVIDIA Newsroom Newsroom. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  189. ^ "Introducing NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 Series Graphics Cards". NVIDIA. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  190. ^ "GeForce RTX 30 Series Community Q&A: You Asked, We Answered". NVIDIA. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  191. ^ "Samsung Galaxy S II first with MHL port for dual-purpose USB or HDMI out (video)". Engadget. February 23, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  192. ^ Brian Klug (July 1, 2011). "HTC Sensation 4G Review – A Sensational Smartphone". Anandtech. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  193. ^ . Silicon Image. October 25, 2011. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  194. ^ "Battlemodo: HTC EVO 3D Vs LG Optimus 3D". Gizmodo. September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  195. ^ . PCWorld. April 22, 2011. Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  196. ^ Dilger, Daniel Eran (March 2, 2011). "Apple brings HDMI output to iPhone 4, iPad, iPad 2". AppleInsider. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  197. ^ . Apple Store – United States. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  198. ^ a b c d (PDF). usb.org. HDMI LLC. October 20, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
  199. ^ . hdmi.org (Press release). September 1, 2016. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  200. ^ "New USB Type-C to HDMI spec lets you ditch the dongle". Ars Technica. September 5, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
  201. ^ Sebayang, Andreas (January 11, 2023). "The demise of HDMI over USB-C (Alt Mode) and more power in cables". Notebookcheck. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  202. ^ (PDF). hdmi.org. HDMI Licensing. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  203. ^ "Is Displayport worth its price – Displays". Tom's Hardware. May 31, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  204. ^ . DisplayPort website. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  205. ^ (PDF). HDMI Licensing, LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  206. ^ a b c d (PDF). VESA. May 23, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011.
  207. ^ . DisplayPort website. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  208. ^ "DisplayPort Developer Conference Presentations Posted". vesa. December 2, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  209. ^ a b Tony Hoffman (January 7, 2010). "VESA Upgrades DisplayPort Interface". PCMag. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  210. ^ "VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard: 50% More Bandwidth, New Features". September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  211. ^ "VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard". vesa.org. September 15, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  212. ^ "VESA Updates Display Stream Compression Standard to Support New Applications and Richer Display Content". PRNewswire. January 27, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  213. ^ . Archived from the original on December 24, 2018.
  214. ^ . Archived from the original on July 10, 2019.
  215. ^ "DisplayPort 2.0: Everything you need to know". July 13, 2022.
  216. ^ "VESA Releases DisplayPort 2.1 Specification". VESA. October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  217. ^ a b "DisplayPort Interoperability Guideline Version 1.1a". VESA.org. February 5, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  218. ^ Sebayang, Andreas (January 11, 2023). "The demise of HDMI over USB-C (Alt Mode) and more power in cables". Notebookcheck. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  219. ^ "DisplayPort License Fees". ViaLa. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
  220. ^ "MPEG LA Introduces License for DisplayPort". Business Wire. March 5, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  221. ^ Hans Verkuil (November 20, 2017). "Linux drm: add support for DisplayPort CEC-Tunneling-over-AUX". Cisco. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  222. ^ "DisplayPort 1.1a Standard". VESA.org. January 11, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  223. ^ . EE Times. January 8, 2008. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  224. ^ a b Manmeet Walia. "MHL: The New Mobile-to-TV Protocol". Synopsys.com. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  225. ^ a b . EE Times. April 14, 2010. Archived from the original on March 21, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  226. ^ . MHL, LLC. Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  227. ^ Manmeet Walia. "HDMI and MHL IP for Mobile and Digital Home Connectivity". Synopsys.com. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  228. ^ a b (PDF). MHL. September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
  • HDMI Licensing, LLC.
  •  – Part one of a two-part discussion with Steve Venuti, President, and Jeff Park, Technology Evangelist, of HDMI Licensing.
  •  – Part two of a two-part discussion with Steve Venuti, President, and Jeff Park, Technology Evangelist, of HDMI Licensing.

January 01, 1970
hdmi, high, definition, multimedia, interface, proprietary, audio, video, interface, transmitting, uncompressed, video, data, compressed, uncompressed, digital, audio, data, from, compliant, source, device, such, display, controller, compatible, computer, moni. High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI is a proprietary audio video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI compliant source device such as a display controller to a compatible computer monitor video projector digital television or digital audio device 3 HDMI is a digital replacement for analog video standards HDMIHigh Definition Multimedia InterfaceMale HDMI Type A connectorTypeDigital audio video data connectorProduction historyDesignerHDMI Founders 7 companies 1 Maxell Holdings Ltd formerly Hitachi Ltd Panasonic Corporation formerly Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co LtdKoninklijke Philips N V Silicon Image Inc Sony CorporationTechnicolor SA formally Thomson multimedia S A Toshiba Corporation HDMI Forum 83 companies 2 Allion Labs Inc Alpha Holdings Inc Advanced Micro Devices Inc Amlogic IncAnalog Devices Inc Analogix SemiconductorApple Inc ARRIS Group Inc Artilux ConnectAstrodesignASL technologyBest Buy Co IncBitecBitifEyeBohua UHDBose CorporationBroadcom CorporationCadence Design Systems Inc ChrontelCorning Inc CosemiCrestron ElectronicsDiodes IncorporatedDisplayLink Corp Dolby Laboratories Inc DTS Inc ElkaEpsonEverproExplore Microelectronics Inc Extron ElectronicsFoxconn Technology GroupFraunhofer SocietyFutureweiGlobal Unichip Corp Google Inc Granite River Labs Inc HardentHewtechHimax Technologies Inc HisenseHiSilicon Co Ltd HosidenINFOCITY Inc Intel CorporationIntegrated Service Technology Inc ITE Tech Inc Japan Aviation Electronics Industry Ltd JCEJVC Kenwood Corp Korea Electric Terminal Co Ltd Keysight TechnologiesKinetic TechnologiesLattice SemiconductorLG ElectronicsLotesLuxshareMarvell Technology Group Ltd Maxell Holdings Ltd MediaTek Inc MegaChips Technology America Corp Mentor Graphics Inc Microsoft CorporationMStar Semiconductor Inc Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd NetflixNexperiaNintendoNovatekNuvotonNvidia CorporationNXP SemiconductorsOnkyo CorporationPanasonic CorporationParade TechnologiesPhilips N V Pioneer CorporationQualcomm Inc Realtek Semiconductor Corp Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KGSamsung Electronics Co Ltd Semtech CorporationSharp CorporationSigma DesignsSilicon LineSky plcSocionextSony CorporationSound UnitedSpectra7 Microsystems Inc STMicroelectronics N V SynapticsSynopsys Inc Technicolor SATektronix Inc Teledyne LeCroyTeVeAe Inc Texas Instruments Inc Toshiba CorporationTP VisionRegzaUnderwriters Laboratories LLCUnigrafValens SemiconductorViXS Systems Inc Wilder Technologies LLCXilinx Inc XperiDesignedDecember 2002 21 years ago 2002 12 ManufacturerHDMI Adopters over 1 700 companies SupersededDVI VGA SCART RGB Component S Video Composite videoGeneral specificationsWidth13 9 mm type A 10 42 mm type C 6 4 mm type D Height4 45 mm type A 2 42 mm type C 2 8 mm type D Hot pluggableYesExternalYesAudio signalLPCM Dolby Digital DTS DVD Audio Dolby Digital Plus Dolby TrueHD DTS HD High Resolution Audio DTS HD Master Audio MPCM DSD DST Dolby Atmos DTS XVideo signalMaximum resolution limited by available bandwidthPins19DataData signalYesBitrateUp to 48 Gbit s as of HDMI 2 1aProtocolTMDS Fixed Rate Link FRL PinoutHDMI type A receptaclePin 1TMDS Data2 Pin 2TMDS Data2 ShieldPin 3TMDS Data2 Pin 4TMDS Data1 Pin 5TMDS Data1 ShieldPin 6TMDS Data1 Pin 7TMDS Data0 Pin 8TMDS Data0 ShieldPin 9TMDS Data0 Pin 10TMDS Clock Pin 11TMDS Clock ShieldPin 12TMDS Clock Pin 13Consumer Electronics Control CEC Pin 14Reserved HDMI 1 0 1 3a Utility HEAC HDMI 1 4 optional HDMI Ethernet Channel HEC and Audio Return Channel ARC Pin 15SCL I2C serial clock for DDC Pin 16SDA I2C serial data for DDC Pin 17Ground for DDC CEC ARC and HEC Pin 18 5 V up to 50 mA Pin 19Hot Plug Detect all versions HEAC HDMI 1 4 optional HDMI Ethernet Channel and Audio Return Channel HDMI implements the ANSI CTA 861 standard which defines video formats and waveforms transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio auxiliary data and implementations of the VESA EDID 4 5 p III CEA 861 signals carried by HDMI are electrically compatible with the CEA 861 signals used by the Digital Visual Interface DVI No signal conversion is necessary nor is there a loss of video quality when a DVI to HDMI adapter is used 5 C The Consumer Electronics Control CEC capability allows HDMI devices to control each other when necessary and allows the user to operate multiple devices with one handheld remote control device 5 6 3 Several versions of HDMI have been developed and deployed since the initial release of the technology occasionally introducing new connectors with smaller form factors but all versions still use the same basic pinout and are compatible with all connector types and cables Other than improved audio and video capacity performance resolution and color spaces newer versions have optional advanced features such as 3D Ethernet data connection and CEC extensions Production of consumer HDMI products started in late 2003 6 In Europe either DVI HDCP or HDMI is included in the HD ready in store labeling specification for TV sets for HDTV formulated by EICTA with SES Astra in 2005 HDMI began to appear on consumer HDTVs in 2004 and camcorders and digital still cameras in 2006 7 8 As of January 2021 update nearly 10 billion HDMI devices have been sold 9 Contents 1 History 2 Specifications 2 1 Audio video 2 2 Communication channels 2 2 1 Display Data Channel DDC 2 2 2 Transition minimized differential signaling TMDS 2 2 3 Consumer Electronics Control CEC 2 2 4 HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel 2 3 Compatibility with DVI 2 4 Content protection HDCP 2 5 Connectors 2 6 Cables 2 7 Extenders 2 8 Licensing 2 8 1 HDMI adopters 2 8 2 HDMI fee structure 3 Versions 3 1 Version 1 0 3 2 Version 1 1 3 3 Version 1 2 3 4 Version 1 3 3 5 Version 1 4 3 6 Version 2 0 3 7 Version 2 1 3 8 Version comparison 3 8 1 Main specifications 3 8 2 Refresh frequency limits for common resolutions 3 8 3 Refresh frequency limits for standard video 3 8 4 Refresh frequency limits for HDR10 video 3 8 5 Feature support 3 8 6 Display Stream Compression 4 Applications 4 1 Blu ray Disc and HD DVD players 4 2 Digital cameras and camcorders 4 3 Personal computers 4 4 Gaming consoles 4 5 Tablet computers 4 6 Mobile phones 4 7 Legacy compatibility 5 HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type C 6 Relationship with DisplayPort 7 Relationship with MHL 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory editThe HDMI founders were Hitachi Panasonic Philips Silicon Image Sony Thomson and Toshiba 1 Digital Content Protection LLC provides HDCP which was developed by Intel for HDMI 10 HDMI has the support of motion picture producers Fox Universal Warner Bros and Disney along with system operators DirecTV EchoStar Dish Network and CableLabs 3 The HDMI founders began development on HDMI 1 0 on April 16 2002 with the goal of creating an AV connector that was backward compatible with DVI 11 12 At the time DVI HDCP DVI with HDCP and DVI HDTV DVI HDCP using the CEA 861 B video standard were being used on HDTVs 12 13 14 HDMI 1 0 was designed to improve on DVI HDTV by using a smaller connector and adding audio capability and enhanced Y CBCR capability and consumer electronics control functions 12 13 The first Authorized Testing Center ATC which tests HDMI products was opened by Silicon Image on June 23 2003 in California United States 15 The first ATC in Japan was opened by Panasonic on May 1 2004 in Osaka 16 The first ATC in Europe was opened by Philips on May 25 2005 in Caen France 17 The first ATC in China was opened by Silicon Image on November 21 2005 in Shenzhen 18 The first ATC in India was opened by Philips on June 12 2008 in Bangalore 19 The HDMI website contains a list of all the ATCs 20 According to In Stat the number of HDMI devices sold was 5 million in 2004 17 4 million in 2005 63 million in 2006 and 143 million in 2007 21 22 23 HDMI has become the de facto standard for HDTVs and according to In Stat around 90 of digital televisions in 2007 included HDMI 21 24 25 26 27 In Stat has estimated that 229 million HDMI devices were sold in 2008 28 On April 8 2008 there were over 850 consumer electronics and PC companies that had adopted the HDMI specification HDMI adopters 29 30 On January 7 2009 HDMI Licensing LLC announced that HDMI had reached an installed base of over 600 million HDMI devices 30 In Stat has estimated that 394 million HDMI devices would sell in 2009 and that all digital televisions by the end of 2009 would have at least one HDMI input 30 On January 28 2008 In Stat reported that shipments of HDMI were expected to exceed those of DVI in 2008 driven primarily by the consumer electronics market 21 31 In 2008 PC Magazine awarded a Technical Excellence Award in the Home Theater category for an innovation that has changed the world to the CEC portion of the HDMI specification 32 Ten companies were given a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for their development of HDMI by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences on January 7 2009 33 On October 25 2011 the HDMI Forum was established by the HDMI founders to create an open organization so that interested companies can participate in the development of the HDMI specification 34 35 All members of the HDMI Forum have equal voting rights may participate in the Technical Working Group and if elected can be on the Board of Directors 35 There is no limit to the number of companies allowed in the HDMI Forum though companies must pay an annual fee of US 15 000 with an additional annual fee of 5 000 for those companies that serve on the Board of Directors 35 The Board of Directors is made up of 11 companies who are elected every two years by a general vote of HDMI Forum members 35 All future development of the HDMI specification take place in the HDMI Forum and are built upon the HDMI 1 4b specification 35 Also on the same day HDMI Licensing LLC announced that there were over 1 100 HDMI adopters and that over 2 billion HDMI enabled products had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard 1 34 From October 25 2011 all development of the HDMI specification became the responsibility of the newly created HDMI Forum 34 On January 8 2013 HDMI Licensing LLC announced that there were over 1 300 HDMI adopters and that over 3 billion HDMI devices had shipped since the launch of the HDMI standard 36 37 The day also marked the 10th anniversary of the release of the first HDMI specification 36 37 As of January 2021 update nearly 10 billion HDMI devices had been sold 9 Specifications editThe HDMI specification defines the protocols signals electrical interfaces and mechanical requirements of the standard 5 p V The maximum pixel clock rate for HDMI 1 0 is 165 MHz which is sufficient to allow 1080p and WUXGA 1920 1200 at 60 Hz HDMI 1 3 increases that to 340 MHz which allows for higher resolution such as WQXGA 2560 1600 across a single digital link 38 An HDMI connection can either be single link type A C D or dual link type B and can have a video pixel rate of 25 MHz to 340 MHz for a single link connection or 25 MHz to 680 MHz for a dual link connection Video formats with pixel rates below 25 MHz like 480i at 13 5 MHz are transmitted over TMDS links using a pixel repetition scheme 5 3 6 4 Audio video edit HDMI uses the Consumer Technology Association Electronic Industries Alliance 861 standards HDMI 1 0 to HDMI 1 2a uses the EIA CEA 861 B video standard HDMI 1 3 uses the CEA 861 D video standard and HDMI 1 4 uses the CEA 861 E video standard 5 p III The CEA 861 E document defines video formats and waveforms colorimetry and quantization transport of compressed and uncompressed LPCM audio carriage of auxiliary data and implementations of the Video Electronics Standards Association VESA Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard E EDID 39 On July 15 2013 the CEA announced the publication of CEA 861 F a standard that can be used by video interfaces such as DVI HDMI and LVDS 40 CEA 861 F adds the ability to transmit several Ultra HD video formats and additional color spaces 40 To ensure baseline compatibility between different HDMI sources and displays as well as backward compatibility with the electrically compatible DVI standard all HDMI devices must implement the sRGB color space at 8 bits per component 5 6 2 3 Ability to use the Y CBCR color space and higher color depths deep color is optional HDMI permits sRGB 4 4 4 chroma subsampling 8 16 bits per component xvYCC 4 4 4 chroma subsampling 8 16 bits per component Y CBCR 4 4 4 chroma subsampling 8 16 bits per component or Y CBCR 4 2 2 chroma subsampling 8 12 bits per component The color spaces that can be used by HDMI are ITU R BT 601 ITU R BT 709 5 and IEC 61966 2 4 5 6 5 6 7 2 For digital audio if an HDMI device has audio it is required to implement the baseline format stereo uncompressed PCM Other formats are optional with HDMI allowing up to 8 channels of uncompressed audio at sample sizes of 16 bits 20 bits or 24 bits with sample rates of 32 kHz 44 1 kHz 48 kHz 88 2 kHz 96 kHz 176 4 kHz or 192 kHz 5 7 HDMI also carries any IEC 61937 compliant compressed audio stream such as Dolby Digital and DTS and up to 8 channels of one bit DSD audio used on Super Audio CDs at rates up to four times that of Super Audio CD 5 7 With version 1 3 HDMI allows lossless compressed audio streams Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio 5 7 As with the Y CBCR video audio capability is optional Audio return channel ARC is a feature introduced in the HDMI 1 4 standard 41 Return refers to the case where the audio comes from the TV and can be sent upstream to the AV receiver using the HDMI cable connected to the AV receiver 41 An example given on the HDMI website is that a TV that directly receives a terrestrial satellite broadcast or has a video source built in sends the audio upstream to the AV receiver 41 The HDMI standard was not designed to pass closed caption data for example subtitles to the television for decoding 42 As such any closed caption stream must be decoded and included as an image in the video stream s prior to transmission over an HDMI cable to appear on the DTV This limits the caption style even for digital captions to only that decoded at the source prior to HDMI transmission This also prevents closed captions when transmission over HDMI is required for upconversion For example a DVD player that sends an upscaled 720p 1080i format via HDMI to an HDTV has no way to pass Closed Captioning data so that the HDTV can decode it as there is no line 21 VBI in that format Communication channels edit This section is missing information about FRL in place of TMDS since HDMI 2 1 1 seems to give some technical overview Please expand the section to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page March 2023 HDMI has three physically separate communication channels which are the DDC TMDS and the optional CEC 5 8 1 HDMI 1 4 added ARC and HEC 41 43 Display Data Channel DDC edit Main article Display Data Channel The Display Data Channel DDC is a communication channel based on the I2C bus specification HDMI specifically requires the device implement the Enhanced Display Data Channel E DDC which is used by the HDMI source device to read the E EDID data from the HDMI sink device to learn what audio video formats it can take 5 8 1 CEC 1 2 CEC 1 3 HDMI requires that the E DDC implement I2C standard mode speed 100 kbit s and allows it to optionally implement fast mode speed 400 kbit s 5 4 2 8 The DDC channel is actively used for High bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP Transition minimized differential signaling TMDS edit Transition minimized differential signaling TMDS on HDMI interleaves video audio and auxiliary data using three different packet types called the video data period the data island period and the control period During the video data period the pixels of an active video line are transmitted During the data island period which occurs during the horizontal and vertical blanking intervals audio and auxiliary data are transmitted within a series of packets The control period occurs between video and data island periods 5 5 1 2 Both HDMI and DVI use TMDS to send 10 bit characters that are encoded using 8b 10b encoding that differs from the original IBM form for the video data period and 2b 10b encoding for the control period HDMI adds the ability to send audio and auxiliary data using 4b 10b encoding for the data island period Each data island period is 32 pixels in size and contains a 32 bit packet header which includes 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data for error correction and describes the contents of the packet Each packet contains four subpackets and each subpacket is 64 bits in size including 8 bits of BCH ECC parity data allowing for each packet to carry up to 224 bits of audio data Each data island period can contain up to 18 packets Seven of the 15 packet types described in the HDMI 1 3a specifications deal with audio data while the other 8 types deal with auxiliary data Among these are the general control packet and the gamut metadata packet The general control packet carries information on AVMUTE which mutes the audio during changes that may cause audio noise and color depth which sends the bit depth of the current video stream and is required for deep color The gamut metadata packet carries information on the color space being used for the current video stream and is required for xvYCC 5 5 2 5 3 6 5 3 6 7 2 6 7 3 Consumer Electronics Control CEC edit Main article Consumer Electronics Control Consumer Electronics Control CEC is an HDMI feature designed to allow the user to command and control up to 15 CEC enabled devices that are connected through HDMI 44 45 by using only one of their remote controls for example by controlling a television set set top box and DVD player using only the remote control of the TV CEC also allows for individual CEC enabled devices to command and control each other without user intervention 5 CEC 3 1 It is a one wire bidirectional serial bus that is based on the CENELEC standard AV link protocol to perform remote control functions 46 CEC wiring is mandatory although implementation of CEC in a product is optional 5 8 1 It was defined in HDMI Specification 1 0 and updated in HDMI 1 2 HDMI 1 2a and HDMI 1 3a which added timer and audio commands to the bus 5 CEC 1 2 CEC 1 3 CEC 3 1 CEC 5 USB to CEC adapters exist that allow a computer to control CEC enabled devices 47 48 49 50 HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel edit Introduced in HDMI 1 4 HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel HEAC adds a high speed bidirectional data communication link HEC and the ability to send audio data upstream to the source device ARC HEAC utilizes two lines from the connector the previously unused Reserved pin called HEAC and the Hot Plug Detect pin called HEAC 51 HEAC 2 1 If only ARC transmission is required a single mode signal using the HEAC line can be used otherwise HEC is transmitted as a differential signal over the pair of lines and ARC as a common mode component of the pair 51 HEAC 2 2 Audio Return Channel ARC ARC is an audio link meant to replace other cables between the TV and the A V receiver or speaker system 41 This direction is used when the TV is the one that generates or receives the video stream instead of the other equipment 41 A typical case is the running of an app on a smart TV such as Netflix but reproduction of audio is handled by the other equipment 41 Without ARC the audio output from the TV must be routed by another cable typically TOSLink or RCA into the speaker system 52 HDMI Ethernet Channel HEC HDMI Ethernet Channel technology consolidates video audio and data streams into a single HDMI cable and the HEC feature enables IP based applications over HDMI and provides a bidirectional Ethernet communication at 100 Mbit s 43 The physical layer of the Ethernet implementation uses a hybrid to simultaneously send and receive attenuated 100BASE TX type signals through a single twisted pair 53 54 Compatibility with DVI edit nbsp An adapter with HDMI male right and DVI female left connectors nbsp An adapter with DVI male rear not visible and HDMI female front connectors HDMI is backward compatible with single link Digital Visual Interface digital video DVI D or DVI I but not DVI A or dual link DVI No signal conversion is required when an adapter or asymmetric cable is used so there is no loss of video quality 5 appx C From a user s perspective an HDMI display can be driven by a single link DVI D source since HDMI and DVI D define an overlapping minimum set of allowed resolutions and frame buffer formats to ensure a basic level of interoperability In the reverse case a DVI D monitor has the same level of basic interoperability unless content protection with High bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP interferes or the HDMI color encoding is in component color space Y CBCR instead of RGB which is not possible in DVI An HDMI source such as a Blu ray player may require an HDCP compliant display and refuse to output HDCP protected content to a non compliant display 55 A further complication is that there is a small amount of display equipment such as some high end home theater projectors designed with HDMI inputs but not HDCP compliant Any DVI to HDMI adapter can function as an HDMI to DVI adapter and vice versa 56 Typically the only limitation is the gender of the adapter s connectors and the gender of the cables and sockets it is used with Features specific to HDMI such as remote control and audio transport are not available in devices that use legacy DVI D signalling However many devices output HDMI over a DVI connector e g ATI 3000 series and NVIDIA GTX 200 series video cards 5 appx C 57 and some multimedia displays may accept HDMI including audio over a DVI input Exact capabilities beyond basic compatibility vary Adapters are generally bi directional Content protection HDCP edit Main article High bandwidth Digital Content Protection High bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP is a newer form of digital rights management DRM Intel created the original technology to make sure that digital content followed the guidelines set by the Digital Content Protection group HDMI can use HDCP to encrypt the signal if required by the source device Content Scramble System CSS Content Protection for Recordable Media CPRM and Advanced Access Content System AACS require the use of HDCP on HDMI when playing back encrypted DVD Video DVD Audio HD DVD and Blu ray Disc The HDCP repeater bit controls the authentication and switching distribution of an HDMI signal According to HDCP Specification 1 2 beginning with HDMI CTS 1 3a any system that implements HDCP must do so in a fully compliant manner HDCP testing that was previously only a requirement for optional tests such as the Simplay HD testing program is now part of the requirements for HDMI compliance 5 9 2 58 59 HDCP accommodates up to 127 connected devices with up to 7 levels using a combination of sources sinks and repeaters 60 A simple example of this is several HDMI devices connected to an HDMI AV receiver that is connected to an HDMI display 60 Devices called HDCP strippers can remove the HDCP information from the video signal so the video can play on non HDCP compliant displays 61 though a fair use and non disclosure form must usually be signed with a registering agency before use Connectors edit nbsp Connector types for HDMI nbsp HDMI connector plugs male Type D Micro Type C Mini and Type A nbsp HDMI type A receptacle There are five HDMI connector types Type A B are defined in the HDMI 1 0 specification type C is defined in the HDMI 1 3 specification and type D E are defined in the HDMI 1 4 specification Type A The plug male connector outside dimensions are 13 9 mm 4 45 mm and the receptacle female connector inside dimensions are 14 mm 4 55 mm 5 4 1 9 2 There are 19 pins with bandwidth to carry all SDTV EDTV HDTV UHD and 4K modes 5 6 3 It is electrically compatible with single link DVI D 5 4 1 3 Type B This connector is 21 2 mm 4 45 mm and has 29 pins carrying six differential pairs instead of three for use with very high resolution displays such as WQUXGA 3840 2400 It is electrically compatible with dual link DVI D but as of August 2021 update has not yet been used in any products citation needed With the introduction of HDMI 1 3 the maximum bandwidth of single link HDMI exceeded that of dual link DVI D As of HDMI 1 4 the pixel clock rate crossover frequency from single to dual link has not been defined 51 4 1 3 4 1 9 4 Type C This Mini connector is smaller than the type A plug measuring 10 42 mm 2 42 mm but has the same 19 pin configuration 5 4 1 9 4 4 1 9 6 It is intended for portable devices 3 5 4 1 1 62 The differences are that all positive signals of the differential pairs are swapped with their corresponding shield the DDC CEC Ground is assigned to pin 13 instead of pin 17 the CEC is assigned to pin 14 instead of pin 13 and the reserved pin is 17 instead of pin 14 5 4 1 10 5 The type C Mini connector can be connected to a type A connector using a type A to type C cable 5 4 1 1 62 nbsp Micro HDMI receptacle Type D This Micro connector shrinks the connector size to something resembling a micro USB connector 62 63 64 measuring only 5 83 mm 2 20 mm 65 36 fig 4 1 9 8 For comparison a micro USB connector is 6 85 mm 1 8 mm and a USB Type A connector is 11 5 mm 4 5 mm It keeps the standard 19 pins of types A and C but the pin assignment is different from both 66 Type E The Automotive Connection System has a locking tab to keep the cable from vibrating loose and a shell to help prevent moisture and dirt from interfering with the signals 67 68 The HDMI alternate mode lets a user connect the reversible USB C connector with the HDMI source devices mobile tablet laptop This cable connects to video display sink devices using any of the native HDMI connectors This is an HDMI cable in this case a USB C to HDMI cable 69 Cables edit nbsp A standard HDMI cable An HDMI cable is composed of four shielded twisted pairs with impedance of the order of 100 W 15 plus seven separate conductors HDMI cables with Ethernet differ in that three of the separate conductors instead form an additional shielded twisted pair with the CEC DDC ground as a shield 51 HEAC 2 9 Although no maximum length for an HDMI cable is specified signal attenuation dependent on the cable s construction quality and conducting materials limits usable lengths in practice 70 71 and certification is difficult to achieve for lengths beyond 13 m 72 HDMI 1 3 defines two cable categories Category 1 certified cables which have been tested at 74 25 MHz which would include resolutions such as 720p60 and 1080i60 and Category 2 certified cables which have been tested at 340 MHz which would include resolutions such as 1080p60 and 4K30 5 4 2 6 63 73 Category 1 HDMI cables are marketed as Standard and Category 2 HDMI cables as High Speed 3 This labeling guideline for HDMI cables went into effect on October 17 2008 74 75 Category 1 and 2 cables can either meet the required parameter specifications for inter pair skew far end crosstalk attenuation and differential impedance or they can meet the required non equalized equalized eye diagram requirements 5 4 2 6 A cable of about 5 meters 16 feet can be manufactured to Category 1 specifications easily and inexpensively by using 28 AWG 0 081 mm2 conductors 70 With better quality construction and materials including 24 AWG 0 205 mm2 conductors an HDMI cable can reach lengths of up to 15 meters 49 feet 70 Many HDMI cables under 5 meters of length that were made before the HDMI 1 3 specification can work as Category 2 cables but only Category 2 tested cables are guaranteed to work for Category 2 purposes 76 As of the HDMI 1 4 specification the following cable types are defined for HDMI in general 77 78 Standard HDMI Cable up to 1080i and 720p Standard HDMI Cable with Ethernet Standard Automotive HDMI Cable High Speed HDMI Cable 1080p 4K 30 Hz 3D and deep color High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet A new certification program was introduced in October 2015 to certify that cables work at the 18 Gbit s maximum bandwidth of the HDMI 2 0 specification 79 In addition to expanding the set of cable testing requirements the certification program introduces an EMI test to ensure cables minimize interference with wireless signals These cables are marked with an anti counterfeiting authentication label and are defined as 80 Premium High Speed HDMI Cable Premium High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet In conjunction with the HDMI 2 1 specification a third category of cable was announced on January 4 2017 called 48G 81 Also known as Category 3 HDMI or Ultra High Speed HDMI the cable is designed to support the 48 Gbit s bandwidth of HDMI 2 1 supporting 4K 5K 8K and 10K at 120 Hz 82 The cable is backwards compatible with the earlier HDMI devices using existing HDMI type A C and D connectors and includes HDMI Ethernet Ultra High Speed HDMI Cable 48G Cable 4K 5K 8K and 10K at 120 Hz Extenders edit An HDMI extender is a single device or pair of devices powered with an external power source or with the 5V DC from the HDMI source 83 84 85 Long cables can cause instability of HDCP and blinking on the screen due to the weakened DDC signal that HDCP requires HDCP DDC signals must be multiplexed with TMDS video signals to comply with HDCP requirements for HDMI extenders based on a single Category 5 Category 6 cable 86 87 Several companies offer amplifiers equalizers and repeaters that can string several standard HDMI cables together Active HDMI cables use electronics within the cable to boost the signal and allow for HDMI cables of up to 30 meters 98 feet 83 those based on HDBaseT can extend to 100 meters HDMI extenders that are based on dual Category 5 Category 6 cable can extend HDMI to 250 meters 820 feet while HDMI extenders based on optical fiber can extend HDMI to 300 meters 980 feet 84 85 Licensing edit The HDMI specification is not an open standard manufacturers need to be licensed by HDMI LA in order to implement HDMI in any product or component Companies that are licensed by HDMI LA are known as HDMI Adopters 88 DVI is the only interface that does not require a license for interfacing HDMI citation needed HDMI adopters edit While earlier versions of HDMI specs are available to the public for download only adopters have access to the latest standards HDMI 1 4b 2 1 Only adopters have access to the compliance test specification CTS that is used for compliance and certification Compliance testing is required before any HDMI product can be legally sold Adopters have IP rights under Adopter Agreement Adopters receive the right to use HDMI logos and TMs on their products and marketing materials Adopters are listed on the HDMI website Products from adopters are listed and marketed in the official HDMI product finder database Adopters receive more exposure through combined marketing such as the annual HDMI Developers Conference and technology seminars HDMI fee structure edit There are two annual fee structures associated with being an HDMI adopter High volume more than 10 000 units HDMI Adopter Agreement US 10 000 per year 89 Low volume 10 000 units or fewer HDMI Adopter Agreement US 5 000 plus a flat US 1 per unit administration fee 89 The annual fee is due upon the execution of the Adopter Agreement and must be paid on the anniversary of this date each year thereafter The royalty fee structure is the same for all volumes The following variable per unit royalty is device based and not dependent on number of ports chips or connectors US 0 15 for each end user licensed product 89 US 0 05 if the HDMI logo is used on the product and promotional material the per unit fee drops from US 0 15 to US 0 05 89 US 0 04 if HDCP is implemented and HDMI logo is used the per unit fee drops from US 0 05 to US 0 04 89 Use of HDMI logo requires compliance testing Adopters need to license HDCP separately The HDMI royalty is only payable on licensed products that will be sold on a stand alone basis i e that are not incorporated into another licensed product that is subject to an HDMI royalty For example if a cable or IC is sold to an adopter who then includes it in a television subject to a royalty then the cable or IC maker would not pay a royalty and the television manufacturer would pay the royalty on the final product If the cable is sold directly to consumers then the cable would be subject to a royalty 89 Versions edit nbsp HDMI Licensing headquarters in San Jose California in Silicon Valley This building was formerly the home of Accolade HDMI devices are manufactured to adhere to various versions of the specification in which each version is given a number or letter such as 1 0 1 2 or 1 4b 5 p III Each subsequent version of the specification uses the same kind of cable but increases the bandwidth or capabilities of what can be transmitted over the cable 5 p III A product listed as having an HDMI version does not necessarily mean that it has all features in that version 90 since some HDMI features are optional such as deep color and xvYCC which is branded by Sony as x v Color 91 92 Since the release of HDMI 1 4 the HDMI Licensing Administrator Inc which oversees the HDMI standard has banned the use of version numbers to identify cables 93 Non cable HDMI products starting on January 1 2012 may no longer reference the HDMI number and must state which features of the HDMI specification the product implements 94 Version 1 0 edit HDMI 1 0 was released on December 9 2002 and is a single cable digital audio video connector interface The link architecture is based on DVI using exactly the same video transmission format but sending audio and other auxiliary data during the blanking intervals of the video stream HDMI 1 0 allows a maximum TMDS clock of 165 MHz 4 95 Gbit s bandwidth per link the same as DVI It defines two connectors called Type A and Type B with pinouts based on the Single Link DVI D and Dual Link DVI D connectors respectively though the Type B connector was never used in any commercial products HDMI 1 0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission giving it 3 96 Gbit s of video bandwidth 1920 1080 or 1920 1200 at 60 Hz and 8 channel LPCM 192 kHz 24 bit audio HDMI 1 0 requires support for RGB video with optional support for Y CBCR 4 4 4 and 4 2 2 mandatory if the device has support for Y CBCR on other interfaces Color depth of 10 bpc 30 bit px or 12 bpc 36 bit px is allowed when using 4 2 2 subsampling but only 8 bpc 24 bit px color depth is permitted when using RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 Only the Rec 601 and Rec 709 color spaces are supported HDMI 1 0 allows only specific pre defined video formats including all the formats defined in EIA CEA 861 B and some additional formats listed in the HDMI Specification itself All HDMI sources sinks must also be capable of sending receiving native Single Link DVI video and be fully compliant with the DVI Specification 95 Version 1 1 edit HDMI 1 1 was released on May 20 2004 and added support for DVD Audio Version 1 2 edit HDMI 1 2 was released on August 8 2005 and added the option of One Bit Audio used on Super Audio CDs at up to 8 channels To make HDMI more suitable for use on PC devices version 1 2 also removed the requirement that only explicitly supported formats be used It added the ability for manufacturers to create vendor specific formats allowing any arbitrary resolution and refresh rate rather than being limited to a pre defined list of supported formats In addition it added explicit support for several new formats including 720p at 100 and 120 Hz and relaxed the pixel format support requirements so that sources with only native RGB output PC sources would not be required to support Y CBCR output 96 6 2 3 HDMI 1 2a was released on December 14 2005 and fully specifies Consumer Electronic Control CEC features command sets and CEC compliance tests 96 Version 1 3 edit HDMI 1 3 was released on June 22 2006 and increased the maximum TMDS clock to 340 MHz 10 2 Gbit s 5 38 97 Like previous versions it uses TMDS encoding giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 8 16 Gbit s sufficient for 1920 1080 at 144 Hz or 2560 1440 at 75 Hz It added support for 10 bpc 12 bpc and 16 bpc color depth 30 36 and 48 bit px called deep color It also added support for the xvYCC color space in addition to the ITU R BT 601 and BT 709 color spaces supported by previous versions and added the ability to carry metadata defining color gamut boundaries It also optionally allows output of Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio streams for external decoding by AV receivers 98 It incorporates automatic audio syncing audio video sync capability 38 It defined cable Categories 1 and 2 with Category 1 cable being tested up to 74 25 MHz and Category 2 being tested up to 340 MHz 5 4 2 6 It also added the new HDMI Type C Mini connector for portable devices 5 4 1 1 99 HDMI 1 3a was released on November 10 2006 and had cable and sink modifications for HDMI Type C source termination recommendations and removed undershoot and maximum rise fall time limits It also changed CEC capacitance limits and CEC commands for timer control were brought back in an altered form with audio control commands added It also added the optional ability to stream SACD in its bitstream DST format rather than uncompressed raw DSD 5 HDMI 1 3a is available to download free of charge after registration 100 Version 1 4 edit nbsp HDMI 1 4 with audio return channel HDMI 1 4 was released on June 5 2009 and first came to market after Q2 of 2009 63 101 102 Retaining the bandwidth of the previous version HDMI 1 4 defined standardized timings to use for 4096 2160 at 24 Hz 3840 2160 at 24 25 and 30 Hz and added explicit support for 1920 1080 at 120 Hz with CTA 861 timings 65 6 3 2 It also added an HDMI Ethernet Channel HEC that accommodates a 100 Mbit s Ethernet connection between the two HDMI connected devices so they can share an Internet connection 43 introduced an audio return channel ARC 41 3D Over HDMI a new Micro HDMI Connector an expanded set of color spaces with the addition of sYCC601 Adobe RGB and Adobe YCC601 and an Automotive Connection System 63 103 104 105 106 HDMI 1 4 defined several stereoscopic 3D formats including field alternative interlaced frame packing a full resolution top bottom format line alternative full side by side half side by side full 2D depth and 2D depth graphics graphics depth WOWvx 62 107 108 HDMI 1 4 requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24 108 High Speed HDMI cables as defined in HDMI 1 3 work with all HDMI 1 4 features except for the HDMI Ethernet Channel which requires the new High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet defined in HDMI 1 4 62 107 108 HDMI 1 4a was released on March 4 2010 and added two mandatory 3D formats for broadcast content which was deferred with HDMI 1 4 pending the direction of the 3D broadcast market 109 110 HDMI 1 4a has defined mandatory 3D formats for broadcast game and movie content 109 HDMI 1 4a requires that 3D displays implement the frame packing 3D format at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24 side by side horizontal at either 1080i50 or 1080i60 and top and bottom at either 720p50 and 1080p24 or 720p60 and 1080p24 110 HDMI 1 4b was released on October 11 2011 111 containing only minor clarifications to the 1 4a document HDMI 1 4b is the last version of the standard that HDMI LA is responsible for All future versions of the HDMI Specification were produced by the HDMI Forum created on October 25 2011 34 112 Version 2 0 edit HDMI 2 0 referred to by some manufacturers as HDMI UHD was released on September 4 2013 113 HDMI 2 0 increases the maximum bandwidth to 18 0 Gbit s 113 114 115 HDMI 2 0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission like previous versions giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 14 4 Gbit s This enables HDMI 2 0 to carry 4K video at 60 Hz with 24 bit px color depth 113 116 117 Other features of HDMI 2 0 include support for the Rec 2020 color space up to 32 audio channels up to 1536 kHz audio sample frequency dual video streams to multiple users on the same screen up to four audio streams 4 2 0 chroma subsampling 25 fps 3D formats support for the 21 9 aspect ratio dynamic synchronization of video and audio streams the HE AAC and DRA audio standards improved 3D capability and additional CEC functions 113 118 119 HDMI 2 0a was released on April 8 2015 and added support for High Dynamic Range HDR video with static metadata 120 HDMI 2 0b was released March 2016 121 HDMI 2 0b initially supported the same HDR10 standard as HDMI 2 0a as specified in the CTA 861 3 specification 118 In December 2016 additional support for HDR Video transport was added to HDMI 2 0b in the CTA 861 G specification which extends the static metadata signaling to include hybrid log gamma HLG 118 122 123 Version 2 1 edit HDMI 2 1 was officially announced by the HDMI Forum on January 4 2017 81 82 and was released on November 28 2017 124 It adds support for higher resolutions and higher refresh rates including 4K 120 Hz and 8K 60 Hz HDMI 2 1 also introduces a new HDMI cable category called Ultra High Speed referred to as 48G during development which certifies cables at the new higher speeds that these formats require Ultra High Speed HDMI cables are backwards compatible with older HDMI devices and older cables are compatible with new HDMI 2 1 devices though the full 48 Gbit s bandwidth is only supported with the new cables Some systems may not be able to use HDMI 2 1 because the HDMI Forum is preventing its use in open source implementations such as Linux open source drivers Users of those systems may need to use DisplayPort instead to access high resolutions and speeds 125 The following features were added to the HDMI 2 1 Specification 124 126 Maximum supported format is 10K at 120 Hz Dynamic HDR for specifying HDR metadata on a scene by scene or even a frame by frame basis Note While HDMI 2 1 did standardize transport of dynamic HDR metadata over HDMI in actuality it only formalized dynamic metadata interfaces already utilized by Dolby Vision and HDR10 in HDMI 2 0 which is why neither Dolby Vision nor HDR10 require HDMI 2 1 to function properly 127 Display Stream Compression DSC 1 2 is used for video formats higher than 8K with 4 2 0 chroma subsampling High Frame Rate HFR for 4K 8K and 10K which adds support for refresh rates up to 120 Hz Enhanced Audio Return Channel eARC for object based audio formats such as Dolby Atmos and DTS X Enhanced refresh rate and latency reduction features Variable Refresh Rate VRR reduces or eliminates lag stutter and frame tearing for more fluid motion in games Quick Media Switching QMS for movies and video eliminates the delay that can result in blank screens before content begins to be displayed Quick Frame Transport QFT reduces latency by bursting individual pictures across the HDMI link as fast as possible when the link s hardware supports more bandwidth than the minimum amount needed for the resolution and frame rate of the content With QFT individual pictures arrive earlier and some hardware blocks can be fully powered off for longer periods of time between pictures to reduce heat generation and extend battery life Auto Low Latency Mode ALLM When a display device supports the option to either optimize its pixel processing for best latency or best pixel processing ALLM allows the current HDMI source device to automatically select based on its better understanding of the nature of its own content which mode the user would most likely prefer Video formats that require more bandwidth than 18 0 Gbit s 4K 60 Hz 8 bpc RGB such as 4K 60 Hz 10 bpc HDR 4K 120 Hz and 8K 60 Hz may require the new Ultra High Speed or Ultra High Speed with Ethernet cables 82 HDMI 2 1 s other new features are supported with existing HDMI cables The increase in maximum bandwidth is achieved by increasing both the bitrate of the data channels and the number of channels Previous HDMI versions use three data channels each operating at up to 6 0 Gbit s in HDMI 2 0 or up to 3 4 Gbit s in HDMI 1 4 with an additional channel for the TMDS clock signal which runs at a fraction of the data channel speed one tenth the speed or up to 340 MHz for signaling rates up to 3 4 Gbit s one fortieth the speed or up to 150 MHz for signaling rates between 3 4 and 6 0 Gbit s HDMI 2 1 doubles the signaling rate of the data channels to 12 Gbit s The structure of the data has been changed to use a new packet based format with an embedded clock signal which allows what was formerly the TMDS clock channel to be used as a fourth data channel instead increasing the signaling rate across that channel to 12 Gbit s as well These changes increase the aggregate bandwidth from 18 0 Gbit s 3 6 0 Gbit s to 48 0 Gbit s 4 12 0 Gbit s a 2 66 improvement in bandwidth In addition the data is transmitted more efficiently by using a 16b 18b encoding scheme which uses a larger percentage of the bandwidth for data rather than DC balancing compared to the TMDS scheme used by previous versions 88 8 compared to 80 This in combination with the 2 66 bandwidth raises the maximum data rate of HDMI 2 1 from 14 4 Gbit s to 42 6 Gbit s Subtracting overhead for FEC the usable data rate is approximately 42 0 Gbit s around 2 92 the data rate of HDMI 2 0 128 129 The 48 Gbit s bandwidth provided by HDMI 2 1 is enough for 8K resolution at approximately 50 Hz with 8 bpc RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 color To achieve even higher formats HDMI 2 1 can use Display Stream Compression DSC with a compression ratio of up to 3 1 Using DSC formats up to 8K 7680 4320 120 Hz or 10K 10240 4320 100 Hz at 8 bpc RGB 4 4 4 are possible Using Y CBCR with 4 2 2 or 4 2 0 chroma subsampling in combination with DSC can allow for even higher formats 126 HDMI 2 1a was released on February 15 2022 and added support for Source Based Tone Mapping SBTM 130 131 HDMI 2 1b was released on August 10 2023 132 Version comparison edit The version of a connection depends on the versions of the HDMI ports on the source and sink devices not on the HDMI cable The different categories of HDMI cable only affect the bandwidth maximum resolution refresh rate of the connection Other features such as audio 3D chroma subsampling or variable refresh rate depend only on the versions of the ports and are not affected by what type of HDMI cable is used The only exception to this is Ethernet over HDMI which requires an HDMI with Ethernet cable Products are not required to implement all features of a version to be considered compliant with that version as most features are optional For example displays with HDMI 1 4 ports do not necessarily support the full 340 MHz TMDS clock allowed by HDMI 1 4 they are commonly limited to lower speeds such as 300 MHz 1080p 120 Hz or even as low as 165 MHz 1080p 60 Hz at the manufacturer s discretion but are still considered HDMI 1 4 compliant Likewise features like 10 bpc 30 bit px color depth may also not be supported even if the HDMI version allows it and the display supports it over other interfaces such as DisplayPort 91 Feature support will therefore vary from device to device even within the same HDMI version Main specifications edit HDMI version 1 0 1 2a 1 3 1 3a 1 4 1 4b 2 0 2 0b 2 1 2 1b Release date Dec 2002 1 0 133 May 2004 1 1 Aug 2005 1 2 134 Dec 2005 1 2a 135 Jun 2006 1 3 136 Nov 2006 1 3a 5 Jun 2009 1 4 137 Mar 2010 1 4a 109 Oct 2011 1 4b Sep 2013 2 0 113 Apr 2015 2 0a 138 Mar 2016 2 0b Nov 2017 2 1 139 Feb 2022 2 1a 130 Aug 2023 2 1b 140 Signal specifications Max transmission bit rate Gbit s a 4 95 10 2 10 2 18 0 48 0 Max data rate Gbit s b 3 96 8 16 8 16 14 4 42 0 Max TMDS character rate MHz c 165 95 3 340 136 340 600 114 6 1 1 Data channels 3 3 3 3 4 Encoding scheme d TMDS 95 5 1 TMDS TMDS TMDS 16b 18b 129 Encoding efficiency 80 80 80 80 88 8 Compression DSC 1 2a optional 141 142 Color format support RGB Yes 95 6 2 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Y CBCR 4 4 4 Yes 95 6 2 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Y CBCR 4 2 2 Yes 95 6 2 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Y CBCR 4 2 0 No No No e Yes 114 7 1 Yes Color depth support 0 8 bpc 24 bit px Yes 95 3 Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 bpc 30 bit px Yes f Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 bpc 36 bit px Yes f Yes Yes Yes Yes 16 bpc 48 bit px No Yes 5 6 5 Yes Yes Yes Color space support SMPTE 170M Yes 95 6 7 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes ITU R BT 601 Yes 95 6 7 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes ITU R BT 709 Yes 95 6 7 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes sRGB No Yes 5 6 7 1 3 Yes Yes Yes xvYCC 601 and 709 No Yes 5 6 7 2 3 Yes Yes Yes sYCC601 g No No Yes 65 6 7 2 4 Yes Yes Adobe YCC601 h No No Yes 65 6 7 2 5 Yes Yes Adobe RGB 1998 No No Yes 65 6 7 2 5 Yes Yes ITU R BT 2020 No No No Yes 114 7 2 2 Yes Audio specifications Max sample rate per channel kHz 192 95 7 3 192 192 192 192 Max aggregate sample rate kHz 768 65 7 3 1536 114 9 2 1536 Sample size bits 16 24 95 7 3 16 24 16 24 16 24 16 24 Maximum audio channels 8 95 7 3 1 8 8 32 114 8 3 1 32 1 0 1 2a 1 3 1 3a 1 4 1 4b 2 0 2 0b 2 1 2 1b HDMI version Total transmission bit rate is equal to the number of data channels multiplied by the bit rate per channel binary digits transmitted per second Each channel transmits one bit binary digit per signal and signals at ten times the character rate Therefore the total transmission bit rate in Mbit s 10 character rate in MHz of data channels Some of the transmitted bits are used for encoding purposes rather than representing data so the rate at which video data can be transmitted across the HDMI interface is only a portion of the total bit rate The TMDS character rate is the number of 10 bit TMDS characters per second transmitted across one HDMI data channel This is sometimes informally referred to as the pixel clock or TMDS clock because these terms were once equivalent in past HDMI versions 114 4 2 2 TMDS encoding uses 10 bits of the transmission to send 8 bits of data so only 80 of the transmission bit rate is available for data throughput 16b 18b encoding uses 18 bits of bandwidth to send 16 bits of data so 88 8 of the transmission bit rate is available for data throughput Although HDMI 1 4 does not officially allow 4 2 0 chroma subsampling NVIDIA and AMD have added 4 2 0 support to their HDMI 1 4 graphics cards via driver updates 143 a b HDMI 1 0 1 2a permit 10 bpc and 12 bpc color depth only when Y CBCR 4 2 2 color format is used When using RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 only 8 bpc color is permitted 95 6 5 sRGB with BT 601 matrix defined in IEC 61966 2 1 Amendment 1 Able to represent out of gamut colors 65 6 7 2 4 a la xvYCC 144 Adobe RGB with BT 601 matrix defined in IEC 61966 2 5 Annex A 65 6 7 2 4 Refresh frequency limits for common resolutions edit The maximum limits for TMDS transmission are calculated using standard data rate calculations 145 For FRL transmission the limits are calculated using the capacity computation algorithm provided by the HDMI Specification 146 6 5 6 2 1 All calculations assume uncompressed RGB video with CVT RB v2 timing Maximum limits may differ if compression i e DSC or Y CBCR 4 2 0 chroma subsampling are used Display manufacturers may also use non standard blanking intervals a Vendor Specific Timing Format as defined in the HDMI Specification 5 6 1 rather than CVT RB v2 to achieve even higher frequencies when bandwidth is a constraint The refresh frequencies in the below table do not represent the absolute maximum limit of each interface but rather an estimate based on a modern standardized timing formula The minimum blanking intervals and therefore the exact maximum frequency that can be achieved will depend on the display and how many secondary data packets it requires and therefore will differ from model to model Video format TMDS character rate Maximum data rate a FRL transmission mode Maximum data rate Shorthand Resolution Color depth bpc 165 MHz TMDS 340 MHz TMDS 600 MHz TMDS FRL1 9G FRL2 18G FRL3 24G FRL4 32G FRL5 40G FRL6 48G 3 96 Gbit s 8 16 Gbit s 14 4 Gbit s 7 88 Gbit s 15 8 Gbit s 21 0 Gbit s 28 0 Gbit s 35 0 Gbit s 42 0 Gbit s Maximum refresh frequency with CVT RB v2 timing Hz 1080p 1920 1080 8 73 146 246 142 267 342 434 516 591 10 59 118 201 116 221 285 365 438 505 1440p 2560 1440 8 42 85 147 83 159 208 268 326 379 10 34 69 119 67 130 170 221 269 315 UWQHD 3440 1440 8 32 65 112 62 121 159 207 253 297 10 25 52 90 50 98 129 169 207 244 4K 3840 2160 8 39 68 37 74 98 129 159 188 10 31 55 30 60 79 104 129 153 5K 5120 2880 8 39 42 56 74 92 110 10 31 34 45 60 74 89 8K 7680 4320 8 33 42 50 10 34 40 10K 10240 4320 8 25 32 38 10 25 30 0 60 Hz 60 120 Hz 120 240 Hz 240 Hz 165 MHz was the maximum TMDS character rate allowed in version 1 2a of the HDMI Specification and earlier In version 1 3 the maximum allowed speed was increased to 340 MHz and in version 2 0 it was increased to 600 MHz These are only the maximum speeds permitted by the specification individual devices may be limited to any speed within the maximum allowed Refresh frequency limits for standard video edit HDMI 1 0 and 1 1 are restricted to transmitting only certain video formats 95 6 1 defined in EIA CEA 861 B and in the HDMI Specification itself 95 6 3 HDMI 1 2 and all later versions allow any arbitrary resolution and frame rate within the bandwidth limit Formats that are not supported by the HDMI Specification i e no standardized timings defined may be implemented as a vendor specific format Successive versions of the HDMI Specification continue to add support for additional formats such as 4K resolutions but the added support is to establish standardized timings to ensure interoperability between products not to establish which formats are or are not permitted Video formats do not require explicit support from the HDMI Specification in order to be transmitted and displayed 96 6 1 Individual products may have heavier limitations than those listed below since HDMI devices are not required to support the maximum bandwidth of the HDMI version that they implement Therefore it is not guaranteed that a display will support the refresh rates listed in this table even if the display has the required HDMI version Uncompressed 8 bpc 24 bit px color depth and RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 color format are assumed on this table except where noted Video format HDMI version maximum data rate cable category Shorthand Resolution Refresh rate Hz Data rate required a 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2a 1 3 1 4b 2 0 2 0b 2 1 2 1b 3 96 Gbit s 8 16 Gbit s 14 4 Gbit s 42 6 Gbit s Standard b High speed Premium high speed High speed c Ultra high speed 720p 1280 720 30 720 Mbit s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 60 1 45 Gbit s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 120 2 99 Gbit s No Yes Yes Yes Yes 1080p 1920 1080 30 1 58 Gbit s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 60 3 20 Gbit s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 120 6 59 Gbit s No No Yes Yes Yes 144 8 00 Gbit s No No Yes Yes Yes 240 14 00 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d Yes Yes 1440p 2560 1440 30 2 78 Gbit s No Yes Yes Yes Yes 60 5 63 Gbit s No No Yes Yes Yes 75 7 09 Gbit s No No Yes Yes Yes 120 11 59 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d Yes Yes 144 14 08 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d Yes Yes 240 24 62 Gbit s No No No 4 2 0 d Yes 4K 3840 2160 30 6 18 Gbit s No No Yes Yes Yes 60 12 54 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d Yes Yes 75 15 79 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d 4 2 0 d Yes 120 25 82 Gbit s No No No 4 2 0 d Yes 144 31 35 Gbit s No No No No Yes 240 54 84 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 5K 5120 2880 30 10 94 Gbit s No No 4 2 0 d Yes Yes 60 22 18 Gbit s No No No 4 2 0 d Yes 120 45 66 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 8K 7680 4320 30 24 48 Gbit s No No No 4 2 0 d Yes 60 49 65 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 120 102 2 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 10K 10240 4320 30 32 55 Gbit s No No No No Yes 60 66 03 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 100 112 17 Gbit s No No No No DSC e 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2a 1 3 1 4b 2 0 2 0b 2 1 2 1b HDMI version Uncompressed 8 bpc 24 bit px color depth with RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 color format and CVT R2 timing are used to calculate these data rates Uncompressed data rate for RGB images in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel pixels per frame frames per second Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT R2 Standard category cables are only certified to cover up to 1080i High speed cable works by design but not tested 147 a b c d e f g h i j k Possible by using Y CBCR with 4 2 0 subsampling as noted a b c d e f Possible by using Display Stream Compression DSC Refresh frequency limits for HDR10 video edit HDR10 requires 10 bpc 30 bit px color depth which uses 25 more bandwidth than standard 8 bpc video Uncompressed 10 bpc color depth and RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 color format are assumed on this table except where noted Video format HDMI version maximum data rate Shorthand Resolution Refreshrate Hz Data raterequired a 2 0a 2 0b 2 1 2 1b 14 4 Gbit s 42 6 Gbit s 1080p 1920 1080 60 4 00 Gbit s Yes Yes 120 8 24 Gbit s Yes Yes 144 10 00 Gbit s Yes Yes 240 17 50 Gbit s 4 2 0 b Yes 1440p 2560 1440 60 7 04 Gbit s Yes Yes 100 11 96 Gbit s Yes Yes 120 14 49 Gbit s 4 2 0 b Yes 144 17 60 Gbit s 4 2 0 b Yes 240 30 77 Gbit s No Yes 4K 3840 2160 50 13 00 Gbit s Yes Yes 60 15 68 Gbit s 4 2 0 b Yes 120 32 27 Gbit s No Yes 144 39 19 Gbit s No Yes 5K 5120 2880 30 13 67 Gbit s Yes Yes 60 27 72 Gbit s 4 2 0 b Yes 120 57 08 Gbit s No DSC c 8K 7680 4320 30 30 60 Gbit s No Yes 60 62 06 Gbit s No DSC c 120 127 75 Gbit s No DSC c 10K 10240 4320 30 40 69 Gbit s No Yes 60 82 53 Gbit s No DSC c 100 140 22 Gbit s No DSC c 2 0a 2 0b 2 1 2 1b HDMI version Uncompressed 10 bpc 30 bit px color depth with RGB or Y CBCR 4 4 4 color format and CVT R2 timing are used to calculate these data rates Uncompressed data rate for RGB images in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel pixels per frame frames per second Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT R2 a b c d e Possible by using Y CBCR with 4 2 0 subsampling as noted a b c d e Possible by using Display Stream Compression DSC Feature support edit The features defined in the HDMI Specification that an HDMI device may implement are listed below For historical interest the version of the HDMI Specification in which the feature was first added is also listed All features of the HDMI Specification are optional HDMI devices may implement any combination of these features Although the HDMI version numbers are commonly misused as a way of indicating that a device supports certain features this notation has no official meaning and is considered improper by HDMI Licensing 148 There is no officially defined correlation between features supported by a device and any claimed version numbers as version numbers refer to historical editions of the HDMI Specification document not to particular classes of HDMI devices Manufacturers are forbidden from describing their devices using HDMI version numbers and are required to identify support for features by listing explicit support for them 149 150 but the HDMI forum has received criticism for lack of enforcement of these policies 151 Full HD Blu ray Disc and HD DVD video version 1 0 a Consumer Electronic Control CEC version 1 0 b DVD Audio version 1 1 a Super Audio CD DSD version 1 2 Auto Lip Sync Correction version 1 3 Dolby TrueHD DTS HD Master Audio bitstream capable version 1 3 Updated list of CEC commands version 1 3a c 3D video version 1 4 104 Ethernet channel 100 Mbit s version 1 4 Audio return channel ARC version 1 4 4 audio streams version 2 0 118 Dual View version 2 0 118 Perceptual quantizer HDR EOTF SMPTE ST 2084 version 2 0a 154 Hybrid log gamma HLG HDR EOTF version 2 0a 118 122 123 Static HDR metadata SMPTE ST 2086 version 2 0a Dynamic HDR metadata SMPTE ST 2094 version 2 0b Enhanced audio return channel eARC version 2 1 Variable Refresh Rate VRR version 2 1 Quick Media Switching QMS version 2 1 Quick Frame Transport QFT version 2 1 Auto Low Latency Mode ALLM version 2 1 Display Stream Compression DSC version 2 1 Source Based Tone Mapping SBTM version 2 1a 131 a b Even for a compressed audio codec that a given HDMI device cannot transport the source device may be able to decode the audio codec and transmit the audio as uncompressed LPCM CEC has been in the HDMI specification since version 1 0 but only began to see implementation in consumer electronics products in 2008 152 153 Large number of additions and clarifications for CEC commands One addition is CEC command allowing for volume control of an AV receiver 5 CEC 1 3 Display Stream Compression edit Display Stream Compression DSC is a VESA developed video compression algorithm designed to enable increased display resolutions and frame rates over existing physical interfaces and make devices smaller and lighter with longer battery life 155 Applications editBlu ray Disc and HD DVD players edit Blu ray Disc and HD DVD introduced in 2006 offer high fidelity audio features that require HDMI for best results HDMI 1 3 can transport Dolby Digital Plus Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio bitstreams in compressed form 5 7 This capability allows for an AV receiver with the necessary decoder to decode the compressed audio stream The Blu ray specification does not include video encoded with either deep color or xvYCC thus HDMI 1 0 can transfer Blu ray discs at full video quality 156 The HDMI 1 4 specification released in 2009 added support for 3D video and is used by all Blu ray 3D compatible players The Blu ray Disc Association BDA spokespersons have stated Sept 2014 at IFA show in Berlin Germany that the Blu ray Ultra HD players and 4K discs are expected to be available starting in the second half to 2015 It is anticipated that such Blu ray UHD players will be required to include a HDMI 2 0 output that supports HDCP 2 2 Blu ray permits secondary audio decoding whereby the disc content can tell the player to mix multiple audio sources together before final output 157 Some Blu ray and HD DVD players can decode all of the audio codecs internally and can output LPCM audio over HDMI Multichannel LPCM can be transported over an HDMI connection and as long as the AV receiver implements multichannel LPCM audio over HDMI and implements HDCP the audio reproduction is equal in resolution to HDMI 1 3 bitstream output Some low cost AV receivers such as the Onkyo TX SR506 do not allow audio processing over HDMI and are labelled as HDMI pass through devices 158 159 Virtually all modern AV Receivers now offer HDMI 1 4 inputs and outputs with processing for all of the audio formats offered by Blu ray Discs and other HD video sources During 2014 several manufacturers introduced premium AV Receivers that include one or multiple HDMI 2 0 inputs along with a HDMI 2 0 output s However not until 2015 did most major manufacturers of AV receivers also support HDCP 2 2 as needed to support certain high quality UHD video sources such as Blu ray UHD players Digital cameras and camcorders edit Most consumer camcorders as well as many digital cameras are equipped with a mini HDMI connector type C connector Some cameras also have 4K capability although cameras capable of HD video often include an HDMI interface for playback or even live preview the image processor and the video processor of cameras usable for uncompressed video must be able to deliver the full image resolution at the specified frame rate in real time without any missing frames causing jitter Therefore usable uncompressed video out of HDMI is often called clean HDMI 160 161 Personal computers edit This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Lead is out of date section reads likes a timeline Please help improve this section if you can June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Personal computer PCs with a DVI interface are capable of video output to an HDMI enabled monitor 5 appx C Some PCs include an HDMI interface and may also be capable of HDMI audio output depending on specific hardware 162 For example Intel s motherboard chipsets since the 945G and NVIDIA s GeForce 8200 8300 motherboard chipsets are capable of 8 channel LPCM output over HDMI 162 163 Eight channel LPCM audio output over HDMI with a video card was first seen with the ATI Radeon HD 4850 which was released in June 2008 and is implemented by other video cards in the ATI Radeon HD 4000 series 163 164 165 166 167 Linux can drive 8 channel LPCM audio over HDMI if the video card has the necessary hardware and implements the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ALSA 168 The ATI Radeon HD 4000 series implements ALSA 168 169 Cyberlink announced in June 2008 that they would update their PowerDVD playback software to allow 192 kHz 24 bit Blu ray Disc audio decoding in Q3 Q4 of 2008 170 Corel s WinDVD 9 Plus currently has 96 kHz 24 bit Blu ray Disc audio decoding 171 Even with an HDMI output a computer may not be able to produce signals that implement HDCP Microsoft s Protected Video Path or Microsoft s Protected Audio Path 163 172 Several early graphic cards were labelled as HDCP enabled but did not have the hardware needed for HDCP 173 this included some graphic cards based on the ATI X1600 chipset and certain models of the NVIDIA Geforce 7900 series 173 The first computer monitors that could process HDCP were released in 2005 by February 2006 a dozen different models had been released 174 175 The Protected Video Path was enabled in graphic cards that had HDCP capability since it was required for output of Blu ray Disc and HD DVD video In comparison the Protected Audio Path was required only if a lossless audio bitstream such as Dolby TrueHD or DTS HD MA was output 163 Uncompressed LPCM audio however does not require a Protected Audio Path and software programs such as PowerDVD and WinDVD can decode Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD MA and output it as LPCM 163 170 171 A limitation is that if the computer does not implement a Protected Audio Path the audio must be downsampled to 16 bit 48 kHz but can still output at up to 8 channels 163 No graphic cards were released in 2008 that implemented the Protected Audio Path 163 The Asus Xonar HDAV1 3 became the first HDMI sound card that implemented the Protected Audio Path and could both bitstream and decode lossless audio Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD MA although bitstreaming is only available if using the ArcSoft TotalMedia Theatre software 176 177 It has an HDMI 1 3 input output and Asus says that it can work with most video cards on the market 176 177 178 Legacy interfaces such as VGA DVI and LVDS have not kept pace and newer standards such as DisplayPort and HDMI clearly provide the best connectivity options moving forward In our opinion DisplayPort 1 2 is the future interface for PC monitors along with HDMI 1 4a for TV connectivity Leading PC Companies Move to All Digital Display Technology Phasing out Analog Intel December 8 2010 Retrieved September 14 2012 In September 2009 AMD announced the ATI Radeon HD 5000 series video cards which have HDMI 1 3 output deep color xvYCC wide gamut capability and high bit rate audio 8 channel LPCM over HDMI and an integrated HD audio controller with a Protected Audio Path that allows bitstream output over HDMI for AAC Dolby AC 3 Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio formats 179 180 181 The ATI Radeon HD 5870 released in September 2009 is the first video card that allows bitstream output over HDMI for Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD Master Audio 181 The AMD Radeon HD 6000 series implements HDMI 1 4a The AMD Radeon HD 7000 series implements HDMI 1 4b 182 In December 2010 it was announced that several computer vendors and display makers including Intel AMD Dell Lenovo Samsung and LG would stop using LVDS actually FPD Link from 2013 and legacy DVI and VGA connectors from 2015 replacing them with DisplayPort and HDMI 183 184 On August 27 2012 Asus announced a new 27 in 69 cm monitor that produces its native resolution of 2560 1440 via HDMI 1 4 185 186 On September 18 2014 Nvidia launched GeForce GTX 980 and GTX 970 with GM204 chip with HDMI 2 0 support On January 22 2015 GeForce GTX 960 with GM206 chip launched with HDMI 2 0 support On March 17 2015 GeForce GTX TITAN X GM200 launched with HDMI 2 0 support On June 1 2015 GeForce GTX 980 Ti with GM200 chip launched with HDMI 2 0 support On August 20 2015 GeForce GTX 950 with GM206 chip launched with HDMI 2 0 support On May 6 2016 Nvidia launched the GeForce GTX 1080 GP104 GPU with HDMI 2 0b support 187 On September 1 2020 Nvidia launched the GeForce RTX 30 series the world s first discrete graphics cards with support for the full 48 Gbit s bandwidth with Display Stream Compression 1 2 of HDMI 2 1 188 189 190 Gaming consoles edit Beginning with the seventh generation of video game consoles most consoles support HDMI Video game consoles that support HDMI include the Xbox 360 except most pre 2007 models 1 2a Xbox One 1 4b Xbox One S 2 0a Xbox One X 2 0b PlayStation 3 1 3a PlayStation 4 1 4b PlayStation 4 Pro 2 0a Wii U 1 4a Nintendo Switch 1 4b Nintendo Switch OLED model 2 0a Xbox Series X and Series S 2 1 and PlayStation 5 2 1 Tablet computers edit nbsp An HDMI port on the side of a laptop computer Some tablet computers implement HDMI using Micro HDMI Type D port while others like the Eee Pad Transformer implement the standard using mini HDMI type C ports All iPad models have a special A V adapter that converts Apple s Lightning connector to a standard HDMI Type A port Samsung has a similar proprietary thirty pin port for their Galaxy Tab 10 1 that could adapt to HDMI as well as USB drives The Dell Streak 5 smartphone tablet hybrid is capable of outputting over HDMI While the Streak uses a PDMI port a separate cradle adds HDMI compatibility Some tablets running Android OS provide HDMI output using a mini HDMI type C port Most new laptops and desktops now have built in HDMI as well Mobile phones edit Many mobile phones can produce an output of HDMI video via a micro HDMI connector SlimPort MHL 191 192 193 or other adapter 194 195 196 197 Legacy compatibility edit HDMI can only be used with older analog only devices using connections such as SCART VGA RCA etc by means of a digital to analog converter or AV receiver as the interface does not carry any analog signals unlike DVI where devices with DVI I ports accept or provide either digital or analog signals Cables are available that contain the necessary electronics but it is important to distinguish these active converter cables from passive HDMI to VGA cables which are typically cheaper as they don t include any electronics The passive cables are only useful if a user has a device that is generating or expecting HDMI signals on a VGA connector or VGA signals on an HDMI connector this is a non standard feature not implemented by most devices HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type C editThe HDMI Alternate Mode for USB C allows HDMI enabled sources with a USB C connector to directly connect to standard HDMI display devices without requiring an adapter 198 The standard was released in September 2016 and supports all HDMI 1 4b features such as video resolutions up to Ultra HD 30 Hz and CEC 199 Previously the similar DisplayPort Alternate Mode could be used to connect to HDMI displays from USB Type C sources but where in that case active adapters were required to convert from DisplayPort to HDMI HDMI Alternate Mode connects to the display natively 200 The Alternate Mode reconfigures the four SuperSpeed differential pairs present in USB C to carry the three HDMI TMDS channels and the clock signal The two Sideband Use pins SBU1 and SBU2 are used to carry the HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return Channel and the Hot Plug Detect functionality HEAC Utility pin and HEAC HPD pin As there are not enough reconfigurable pins remaining in USB C to accommodate the DDC clock SCL DDC data SDA and CEC these three signals are bridged between the HDMI source and sink via the USB Power Delivery 2 0 USB PD protocol and are carried over the USB C Configuration Channel CC wire 198 This is possible because the cable is electronically marked i e it contains a USB PD node that serves to tunnel the DDC and CEC from the source over the Configuration Channel to the node in the cable these USB PD messages are received and relayed to the HDMI sink as regenerated DDC SCL and SDA signals or CEC signals 198 As stated at CES in January 2023 HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type C is no longer being updated 201 as there are no known products using this protocol reducing its relevance in the current market This will reduce consumer confusion as DisplayPort Alternate Mode is the primary video protocol of choice over USB C nbsp Pin mapping for USB Type C HDMI Alternate Mode 198 Relationship with DisplayPort edit nbsp Dual mode DisplayPort logo The DisplayPort audio video interface was introduced in May 2006 Historically HDMI Licensing LLC was publicly dismissive of DisplayPort s position in the industry with its president stating in a 2009 interview that there are certainly some PCs that have DisplayPort connectors on them but these are niche applications that have not taken hold in the market 202 In recent years DisplayPort connectors have become a common feature of premium 203 products displays desktop computers and video cards most of the companies producing DisplayPort equipment are in the computer sector The DisplayPort website states that DisplayPort is expected to complement HDMI 204 but as of 2016 update 100 of HD and UHD TVs had HDMI connectivity 205 DisplayPort supported some advanced features which are useful for multimedia content creators and gamers e g 5K Adaptive Sync which was the reason most GPUs have DisplayPort These features were added to the official HDMI specification slightly later but with the introduction of HDMI 2 1 these gaps are already leveled off e g VRR Variable Refresh Rate DisplayPort uses a self clocking micro packet based protocol that allows for a variable number of differential pair lanes as well as flexible allocation of bandwidth between audio and video and allows encapsulating multi channel compressed audio formats in the audio stream 206 207 DisplayPort 1 2 supports multiple audio video streams variable refresh rate FreeSync and Dual mode transmitters compatible with HDMI 1 2 or 1 4 206 208 209 Revision 1 3 increases overall transmission bandwidth to 32 4 Gbit s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8 1 Gbit s per lane it requires Dual mode with mandatory HDMI 2 0 compatibility and HDCP 2 2 210 211 Revision 1 4 added Display Stream Compression DSC support for the BT 2020 color space and HDR10 extensions from CTA 861 3 including static and dynamic metadata 212 Revision 1 4a was published in April 2018 213 updating DisplayPort s DSC implementation from 1 2 to 1 2a 214 Revision 2 0 increased overall bandwidth from 25 92 to 77 37 Gbit s enabling increased resolutions and refresh rates increasing the resolutions and refresh rates with HDR support and other related improvements 215 Revision 2 1 was published in October 2022 incorporating the new DP40 and DP80 cable certifications which require proper operation at the UHBR10 40 Gbit s and UHBR20 80 Gbit s speeds introduced in version 2 0 and a bandwidth management feature to enable DisplayPort tunnelling to coexist with other I O data traffic more efficiently over a USB4 USB Type C connection 216 The DisplayPort features an adapter detection mechanism enabling dual mode operation and the transmission of TMDS signals allowing the conversion to DVI and HDMI 1 2 1 4 2 0 signals using a passive adapter 217 206 The same external connector is used for both protocols when a DVI HDMI passive adapter is attached the transmitter circuit switches to TMDS mode DisplayPort Dual mode ports and cables adapters are typically marked with the DisplayPort logo Thunderbolt ports with mDP connector also supports Dual mode passive HDMI adapters cables Conversion to dual link DVI and component video VGA YPbPr requires active powered adapters 206 217 The USB 3 1 Type C connector is increasingly the standard video connector replacing legacy video connectors such as mDP Thunderbolt HDMI and VGA in mobile devices USB C connectors can transmit DisplayPort video to docks and displays using standard USB Type C cables or Type C to DisplayPort cables and adapters USB C also supports HDMI adapters that actively convert from DisplayPort to HDMI 1 4 or 2 0 DisplayPort Alternate Mode for USB Type C specification was published in 2015 USB Type C chipsets are not required to include Dual mode so passive DP HDMI adapters do not work with Type C sources A specification for HDMI Alternate Mode for USB Type C was released in 2016 but was discontinued in 2023 with HDMI Licensing Administration stating they knew of no adapter having ever been produced 218 DisplayPort is royalty free though patent pool administrator Via LA attempts to collect a 0 20 per device charge for a bulk license to patents it regards as essential to the DisplayPort specification 219 while HDMI has an annual fee of US 10 000 and a per unit royalty rate of between 0 04 and 0 15 220 HDMI has had a few advantages over DisplayPort such as ability to carry Consumer Electronics Control CEC signals since its first generation DisplayPort 1 3 introduced in 2014 is the earliest DisplayPort generation which can carry CEC signals 221 209 222 Relationship with MHL editMain article Mobile High Definition Link Mobile High Definition Link MHL is an adaptation of HDMI intended to connect mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to high definition televisions HDTVs and displays 223 224 Unlike DVI which is compatible with HDMI using only passive cables and adapters MHL requires that the HDMI socket be MHL enabled otherwise an active adapter or dongle is required to convert the signal to HDMI MHL is developed by a consortium of five consumer electronics manufacturers several of which are also behind HDMI 225 MHL pares down the three TMDS channels in a standard HDMI connection to a single one running over any connector that provides at least five pins 225 This lets existing connectors in mobile devices such as micro USB be used avoiding the need for additional dedicated video output sockets 226 The USB port switches to MHL mode when it detects a compatible device is connected In addition to the features in common with HDMI such as HDCP encrypted uncompressed high definition video and eight channel surround sound MHL also adds the provision of power charging for the mobile device while in use and also enables the TV remote to control it Although support for these additional features requires connection to an MHL enabled HDMI port power charging can also be provided when using active MHL to HDMI adapters connected to standard HDMI ports provided there is a separate power connection to the adapter Like HDMI MHL defines a USB C Alternate Mode to support the MHL standard over USB C connections Version 1 0 supported 720p 1080i 60 Hz RGB 4 4 4 pixel encoding with a bandwidth of 2 25 Gbit s Versions 1 3 and 2 0 added support for 1080p 60 Hz Y CBCR 4 2 2 with a bandwidth of 3 Gbit s in PackedPixel mode 224 Version 3 0 increased the bandwidth to 6 Gbit s to support Ultra HD 3840 2160 30 Hz video and also changed from being frame based like HDMI to packet based 227 The fourth version superMHL increased bandwidth by operating over multiple TMDS differential pairs up to a total of six allowing a maximum of 36 Gbit s 228 The six lanes are supported over a reversible 32 pin superMHL connector while four lanes are supported over USB C Alternate Mode only a single lane is supported over micro USB HDMI Display Stream Compression DSC is used to allow up to 8K Ultra HD 7680 4320 120 Hz HDR video and to support Ultra HD 60 Hz video over a single lane 228 See also editList of display interfaces DisplayPort Thunderbolt interface USB C Wireless HDMIReferences edit a b c HDMI Adopters and Founders HDMI Archived from the original on August 1 2012 Retrieved April 14 2015 Members HDMI Forum Retrieved March 16 2017 a b c d HDMI FAQ HDMI org Archived from the original on February 22 2018 Retrieved July 9 2007 CEA 861 D A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces 1 Scope a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as High Definition Multimedia Interface Specification 1 3a PDF HDMI Licensing LLC November 10 2006 archived from the original PDF on March 5 2016 retrieved April 1 2016 via Microprocessor org The First HDMI Consumer Electronics Products Debut at Cedia 2003 Press release Indianapolis IN HDMI org September 5 2003 Archived from the original on April 23 2018 Retrieved August 17 2022 Samsung February 24 2006 Samsung Camera Releases New High Performance Digimax L85 Featuring World s First High Definition Multimedia Interface dpreview com Retrieved July 1 2008 Canon s new feature packed HV20 HD camcorder expands high definition camcorder capabilities and choices for consumers Canon January 31 2007 Archived from the original on March 3 2019 Retrieved July 1 2008 a b More HDMI 2 1 Enabled Products Reach the Market Bringing Advanced Consumer Entertainment Features to a Wide Audience Ultra High Speed HDMI Cables Now Available Enabling End to End HDMI 2 1 Installations HDMI LA January 5 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 About DCP Digital Content Protection LLC Retrieved December 28 2008 Rodolfo La Maestra June 25 2006 HDMI A Digital Interface Solution HDTV Magazine Archived from the original on May 30 2016 Retrieved June 23 2008 a b c Michael Stelts April 17 2002 HDMI Presentation for the HDMI Working Group PDF Copy Protection Technical Working Group Archived from the original PDF on January 6 2016 Retrieved June 23 2008 a b Bob O Donnell December 2006 White Paper HDMI The Digital Display Link PDF Silicon Image Archived from the original PDF on January 6 2016 Retrieved June 23 2008 Alen Koebel February 2003 DVI and HDMI Digital A V Interfaces for A New Age Widescreen Review 69 64 Retrieved June 24 2008 When HDCP is added to DVI the result is often called DVI HDCP When this is used on an HDTV HD monitor or set top box a further standard is usually applied IEA CEA 861 currently 861 B the interface is commonly known as DVI HDTV Silicon Image Opens HDMI Authorized Testing Center HDMI org June 26 2003 Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved November 18 2009 Panasonic Equips Japanese HDMI Authorized Testing Center Entrepreneur com May 1 2004 Retrieved January 5 2009 Philips opens first Authorized Test Center in Europe for HDMI compliance testing HDMI org May 25 2005 Archived from the original on March 3 2019 Retrieved November 18 2009 Silicon Image Expands HDMI and PanelLink Cinema Testing Operations to China HDMI org November 21 2005 Archived from the original on March 14 2016 Retrieved November 18 2009 Philips Sets Up India s First HDMI Authorized Testing Center HDMI org June 12 2008 Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved January 5 2009 Authorized Test Centers HDMI org Archived from the original on April 26 2016 Retrieved November 18 2009 a b c Brian O Rourke January 28 2008 In Stat Reports DVI on the Decline as HDMI and DisplayPort Grow Business Wire Inc Retrieved July 2 2008 HDMI Gaining as DVI Heads for a Slide instat com January 30 2006 Archived from the original on August 8 2007 Retrieved July 2 2008 Silicon Image Inc SIMG Annual Report Edgar Online March 1 2007 Retrieved November 18 2009 Jean Pierre Evain October 2007 HDCP the FTA broadcasters perspective PDF EBU Technical Review Archived from the original PDF on October 9 2009 Retrieved July 1 2008 Brian Weatherhead November 2004 DVI and HDMI Connections and HDCP Explained Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity Retrieved July 1 2008 Paul Mcgoldgrick August 1 2006 The HDMI future Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity Archived from the original on November 13 2007 Retrieved July 1 2008 Evan Sun November 8 2007 Testing your High Definition embedded devices using the HDMI Version 1 3 specification Audio Design Line Archived from the original on July 20 2012 Retrieved July 1 2008 Adopted by 750 manufacturers HDMI is a must have for consumer electronics HDMI org January 5 2008 Archived from the original on April 14 2016 Retrieved July 2 2008 HDMI Licensing appoints Steve Venuti as new LLC President HDMI Adoption continues to grow Press release HDMI org April 8 2008 Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved April 30 2008 a b c HDMI Founders Look Toward the Future as they Win Emmy for Standard HDMI org January 7 2009 Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved November 18 2009 ExtremeTech Staff January 29 2008 Analyst The DVI Interface is Dying ExtremeTech Archived from the original on May 13 2014 Retrieved January 30 2008 Heron Robert Griffith Eric Kaplan Jeremy A October 22 2008 25th Annual Technical Excellence Awards Home Theater PC Magazine Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc Archived from the original on October 25 2008 Retrieved January 4 2009 Honorees announced for the 60th annual Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards PDF National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences October 27 2008 Archived from the original PDF on December 30 2008 Retrieved January 4 2009 a b c d HDMI Founders announce initiative to broaden industry participation in HDMI specification development HDMI org October 25 2011 Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved October 29 2011 a b c d e Questions about the HDMI Forum HDMIForum org Archived from the original on October 29 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 a b HDMI Interface Extends Exceptional Digital Quality with Single Cable Simplicity to Over 4 Billion Consumer Devices HDMI Licensing LLC January 6 2015 Retrieved October 29 2021 a b HDMI Specification Marks 10 Year Milestone as De Facto Standard for HD Connectivity Business Wire January 8 2013 Retrieved January 10 2013 a b c HDMI 1 3 doubles bandwidth delivers billions of colors for HDTVs hdmi org HDMI Licensing LLC June 22 2006 Archived from the original on February 22 2008 Retrieved June 19 2008 Standards Details CEA 861 E Consumer Electronics Association March 1 2008 Archived from the original on November 7 2011 Retrieved November 20 2011 a b CEA Announces Publication of New DTV Interface Standard Business Wire July 15 2013 Retrieved July 17 2013 a b c d e f g h Audio Return Channel HDMI Licensing LLC Retrieved October 7 2011 Closed captions Incompatibility issues with digital TV a b c HDMI Ethernet Channel HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on February 8 2017 Retrieved October 7 2011 Pulse Eight USB CEC Adapter Review The Secret Feature on Your HDTV HDMI CEC TechHive March 26 2008 Archived from the original on August 28 2012 Retrieved January 1 2012 Designing CEC into your next HDMI Product PDF QuantumData com 2008 The USB CEC Adapter is a look into the Future xbmc November 1 2011 Archived from the original on November 26 2011 Retrieved November 20 2011 USB CEC Adapter Pulse Eight Retrieved November 20 2011 Take control of your TV with your HTPC via HDMI CEC Engadget August 25 2011 Retrieved November 20 2011 HDMI CEC to USB and RS 232 bridge converter RainShadow Technology Archived from the original on November 29 2011 Retrieved November 20 2011 a b c d High Definition Multimedia Interface Specification 1 4 PDF HDMI Licensing LLC June 5 2009 Archived from the original PDF on March 5 2017 Retrieved March 7 2017 via Microprocessor org Jacobson Julie May 27 2009 HDMI 1 4 Delivers Ethernet and Upstream Audio Over 1 Cable CEPro com Archived from the original on November 5 2014 Retrieved November 3 2014 100BASE T TX T4 FX ETHERNET firewall cx Retrieved July 26 2022 United States Patent USOO6986681B2 Patent No US 6 986 681 B2 PDF patentimages storage googleapis com January 17 2006 Retrieved July 26 2022 Digital Content Protection FAQs Digital Content Protection LLC Retrieved June 21 2008 The Best HDMI Splitter The Geek Street November 26 2019 Retrieved November 29 2019 If I am using a DVI to HDMI cable will audio be transmitted over this cable to the 3D TV NVIDIA nvidia custhelp com Retailer Requires Simplay HDMI Testing TWICE December 11 2006 Archived from the original on September 19 2009 Retrieved November 18 2009 HDMI Compliance Testing Policies and Procedures PDF HDMI org Archived from the original PDF on September 30 2009 Retrieved May 4 2008 a b HDCP deciphered White Paper PDF Digital Content Protection July 8 2008 Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 Retrieved October 23 2008 Ryan Block July 21 2005 The Clicker HDCP s Shiny Red Button Engadget Retrieved December 20 2008 a b c d e HDMI 1 4 FAQ HDMI org Archived from the original on May 23 2010 Retrieved November 20 2009 a b c d HDMI Licensing LLC Announces Features of the Upcoming HDMI Specification Version 1 4 HDMI Licensing LLC May 28 2009 Archived from the original on June 1 2009 Retrieved May 28 2009 Ultra Small HDMI Revealed Same 19 Pins in Half the Size Nikkei Electronics Asia May 8 2009 Archived from the original on September 11 2011 Retrieved November 20 2009 a b c d e f g h HDMI Specification 1 4 PDF HDMI Licensing LLC June 5 2009 Archived from the original PDF on August 11 2017 Retrieved August 11 2017 Micro HDMI type D pinout Automotive Connection System HDMI Licensing Archived from the original on August 21 2012 Retrieved August 6 2012 Automotive Use HDMI Type E Connector MX50 53 Series Has Been Developed Japan Aviation Electronics Industry February 15 2012 Archived from the original on February 8 2013 Retrieved August 6 2012 HDMI Manufacturer HDMI Alt Mode for USB Type C Connector www hdmi org Archived from the original on September 19 2016 Retrieved September 18 2016 a b c Does length matter Sound amp Vision February 2007 Retrieved June 19 2008 5 meters about 16 feet can be manufactured easily Higher quality can reach 12 to 15 meters fiber optic or dual Cat 5 can extend to 100 meters or more Bigfoot Cables FAQ Bigfoot Cables October 2012 Archived from the original on January 18 2013 Retrieved October 25 2012 cables can be as long as 10 15 metres but extra precautions and standards must be followed during the manufacturing process How Long Can HDMI Cable Be Run Blue Jeans Cable July 2016 Retrieved July 29 2016 The longest HDMI cable we have ever seen a compliance test certificate for is our own Series 1 which passed ATC testing at 45 feet under HDMI 1 3a CTS 1 3b1 4K 2K Video Support HDMI org Archived from the original on April 26 2016 Retrieved September 20 2009 Trademark and Logo Guidelines In Effect 10 17 2008 HDMI org October 1 2008 Archived from the original on July 15 2010 Retrieved November 17 2009 Updated Trademark and Logo Usage Guidelines HDMI org Archived from the original on February 14 2012 Retrieved November 18 2009 HDMI Knowledge Base HDMI org Archived from the original on April 26 2009 Retrieved June 19 2008 Manufacturer HDMI 1 4 Finding the Right Cable HDMI Archived from the original on May 12 2011 Retrieved January 12 2011 3D HDTV and HDMI Explained Hdguru Com February 22 2010 Retrieved January 12 2011 HDMI Licensing LLC Launches Premium HDMI Cable Certification Program hdmi org HDMI Licensing LLC October 5 2015 Premium HDMI Cable Certification Program hdmi org HDMI Licensing LLC January 9 2022 Retrieved January 9 2022 a b HDMI 2 1 Press Release HDMI Forum Inc Press release hdmi org January 4 2017 Retrieved November 24 2022 a b c HDMI 2 1 Overview HDMI Forum Inc hdmi org January 4 2017 Archived from the original on January 6 2017 Retrieved January 10 2017 a b Running Long Cable Lengths HDMI Archived from the original on January 28 2010 Retrieved June 19 2008 a b Model XCAT 250 Operation Manual PDF Extenhd August 20 2007 Archived from the original PDF on September 30 2009 Retrieved May 13 2009 a b F1 HDMI over Fiber Extender Xreo Archived from the original PDF on January 6 2016 Retrieved May 13 2009 HDCP License Agreement PDF Digital Content Protection LLC January 16 2008 Archived from the original PDF on April 19 2009 Retrieved November 18 2009 Digital Millennium Copyright Act U S Copyright Office October 28 1998 Retrieved June 23 2008 Jain Kavitha What are the Licensing Costs Associated with HDMI semiconductorstore com Symmetry Electronics Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved May 2 2018 a b c d e f HDMI Adopter Terms HDMI Archived from the original on December 18 2008 Retrieved June 23 2008 HDMI cable version numbers Selby Acoustics Retrieved December 12 2013 a b Steve Venuti December 2007 Home Toys Interview December 2007 hometoys Retrieved June 21 2008 Transformation is Sony s CES theme Sony January 7 2007 Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Retrieved June 19 2008 Version numbers to be banned on HDMI cables Archived from the original on April 23 2016 Retrieved December 24 2009 Adopted Trademark and Logo Usage Guidelines PDF HDMI Licensing LLC November 18 2009 p 7 Archived from the original PDF on November 19 2018 Retrieved May 31 2010 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p HDMI Specification Informational Version 1 0 PDF HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original PDF on August 26 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 a b c HDMI Specification Version 1 2a PDF HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original PDF on August 26 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 Joseph Palenchar June 19 2006 HDMI 1 3 Connections Due By Year End TWICE Archived from the original on November 10 2009 Retrieved November 18 2009 HDMI Part 5 Audio in HDMI Versions HDTVMagazine com August 8 2006 Archived from the original on May 12 2008 Retrieved August 2 2007 Matt Burns June 28 2006 Pics of the HDMI mini connector engadgetHD Archived from the original on November 3 2009 Retrieved November 18 2009 Download HDMI HDMI Specification 1 3a hdmi org Retrieved August 23 2023 Silicon Image introduces First Products Incorporating HDMI 1 4 Features for DTV and Home Theatre Applications Silicon Image June 22 2009 Retrieved November 17 2009 Introducing HDMI Specification Version 1 4a Archived from the original on March 3 2019 Introducing HDMI 1 4 HDMI Archived from the original on April 20 2016 Retrieved July 1 2009 a b 3D HDMI Archived from the original on February 11 2010 Retrieved April 28 2011 4K Support HDMI Archived from the original on April 26 2016 Retrieved April 28 2011 Introducing HDMI 1 4 Specification Features PDF HDMI Archived from the original PDF on January 6 2016 Retrieved April 28 2011 a b Launch of HDMI 1 4 Specification PDF HDMI org October 6 2009 Archived from the original PDF on January 6 2016 Retrieved November 16 2009 a b c An Update from HDMI Licensing LLC PDF DisplayBlog September 18 2009 Archived from the original PDF on May 12 2011 Retrieved November 16 2009 a b c HDMI Licensing LLC Releases HDMI Specification Version 1 4a HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC March 4 2010 Archived from the original on December 4 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 a b Arlen Schweiger March 5 2010 HDMI 1 4a Spec Addresses Broadcast 3D Electronic House Retrieved March 8 2010 10 11 2011 HDMI Specification 1 4b and CTS 1 4b Available via Adopter Extranet HDMI org October 11 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 Questions about the current version and the next version of the HDMI Specification HDMIForum org Archived from the original on October 29 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 a b c d e HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 0 of the HDMI Specification HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC September 4 2013 Archived from the original on September 6 2013 Retrieved August 25 2017 a b c d e f g High Definition Multimedia Interface Specification 2 0 PDF HDMI Forum September 4 2013 Archived from the original PDF on May 27 2019 Retrieved December 9 2017 FAQ for HDMI 2 0 HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on January 5 2019 Retrieved August 25 2017 Ganesh T S January 8 2013 Broadcom Unveils 4Kp60 capable BCM7445 SoC for Home Gateways STBs Anandtech Retrieved April 24 2013 CES Consortiums address home streaming challenges Variety January 9 2013 Retrieved April 24 2013 a b c d e f Introducing HDMI 2 0 HDMI org Archived from the original on December 3 2016 Retrieved September 4 2013 HDMI 2 0 Specification and 4K UHD 2160p Resolutions audioholics com Archived from the original on July 30 2021 Retrieved July 26 2022 HDMI 2 0a Spec Released HDR Capability Added Twice April 8 2015 Retrieved April 8 2015 Snapshot of HDMI org 2 0 overview page immediately prior to being updated to 2 0b The Wayback Machine March 5 2016 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved December 6 2016 a b Ramus Larsen December 12 2016 HDMI 2 0b standard gets support for HLG HDR flatpanelshd Retrieved January 7 2017 a b Cotton Andrew December 31 2016 2016 in Review High Dynamic Range BBC Retrieved January 7 2017 a b HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 1 of the HDMI Specification www hdmi org November 28 2017 Archived from the original on February 6 2019 Retrieved November 28 2017 Purdy Kevin February 29 2024 HDMI Forum to AMD No you can t make an open source HDMI 2 1 driver Ars Technica Retrieved March 23 2024 a b Anton Shilov January 5 2017 HDMI 2 1 Announced Anandtech Retrieved January 10 2017 Denison Caleb Cohen Simon Bizzaco Michael May 20 2022 HDMI 2 1 What it is and why your next TV should have it DigitalTrends Digital Trends Media Group Archived from the original on September 28 2023 Retrieved October 12 2021 HDMI 2 1 The Need For Speed Continues HDTV Magazine Ltd HDTV Expert January 18 2017 Archived from the original on August 26 2017 Retrieved January 31 2017 a b HDMI 2 1 To Bring Robust Home Theater Experience HD Guru January 19 2017 Retrieved January 31 2017 a b HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 1a of the HDMI Specification HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Retrieved January 2 2023 a b Simon Baker December 23 2021 HDMI 2 1a Certification Announced Including New Source Based Tone Mapping SBTM Feature www tftcentral co uk The HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 1b of the HDMI Specification hdmi org Retrieved August 23 2023 High Definition Multimedia Interface Provides Access to Higher Quality Digital Content HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on December 3 2007 Retrieved August 25 2017 HDMI LICENSING LLC ANNOUNCES AVAILABILITY OF HDMI 1 2 SPECIFICATION HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on August 26 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 HDMI LICENSING LLC ANNOUNCES AVAILABILITY OF HDMI 1 2a SPECIFICATION INCLUDING UPDATED COMPLIANCE TEST SPECIFICATION HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on August 26 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 a b HDMI 1 3 DOUBLES BANDWIDTH DELIVERS BILLIONS OF COLORS FOR HDTVs HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Retrieved January 9 2022 HDMI Licensing LLC Releases HDMI Specification Version 1 4 HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on December 19 2009 Retrieved August 25 2017 HDMI Forum Inc Releases 2 0a Specification HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on June 18 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 1 of the HDMI Specification HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on November 28 2017 Retrieved November 28 2017 HDMI Forum Releases Version 2 1b of the HDMI Specification HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Retrieved November 10 2023 Shilov Anton HDMI 2 1 Announced Supports 8Kp60 Dynamic HDR New Color Spaces New 48G Cable Anandtech Retrieved August 25 2017 DSC compression standard updated to DSC 1 2a in HDMI 2 1b HDMI Forum Retrieved December 30 2023 NVIDIA Kepler Cards Get HDMI 4K 60Hz Support Kind Of Anandtech Retrieved January 30 2018 sYCC www color org Video Timings Calculator tomverbeure github io Retrieved June 20 2022 High Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 2 1a HDMI Forum February 7 2022 FAQ for HDMI 2 0 HDMI org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original on July 1 2014 Retrieved January 13 2024 HDMI Trademark and Logo Usage PDF www hdmi org HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original PDF on July 4 2017 HDMI 2 1 FAQ HDMI Licensing Administrator Inc Archived from the original on December 20 2021 Is This HDMI Cable 1 4 compliant www bluejeanscable com Simon Baker December 13 2021 When HDMI 2 1 Isn t HDMI 2 1 The Confusing World of the Standard Fake HDMI 2 1 and Likely Future Abuse www tftcentral co uk Julie Jacobson January 17 2007 Panasonic Demos Control over HDMI CEPro Retrieved December 7 2008 Jeff Boccaccio December 28 2007 Inside HDMI CEC The Little Known Control Feature CEPro Retrieved December 7 2008 HDMI 2 0 www hdmi org Archived from the original PDF on September 21 2014 Retrieved October 26 2017 VESA Finalizes Requirements for Display Stream Compression Standard Press release VESA January 24 2013 Archived from the original on March 21 2018 Retrieved March 20 2018 HDMI 101 Home Theater Magazine March 1 2009 Archived from the original on March 26 2009 Retrieved March 22 2009 Zyber Joshua November 23 2007 High Def FAQ Blu ray Profiles Explained highdefdigest com Retrieved June 21 2008 Don Lindich December 23 2006 Sound Advice Best receiver flying under his radar post gazette now Retrieved June 30 2008 TX SR506 Onkyo Archived from the original on June 30 2008 Retrieved June 21 2008 Northup Tony 2013 Tony Northrup s Photography Buying Guide How to Choose a Camera Lens Tripod Flash amp More Mason Press ISBN 978 0988263420 What is clean HDMI output Retrieved July 26 2022 a b Aaron Brezenski April 28 2008 HDMI Audio Intel s Biggest Little Secret In Home Theater PCs Intel Software Blogs Archived from the original on April 15 2010 Retrieved November 18 2009 a b c d e f g Anand Lal Shimpi September 17 2008 Understanding 8 channel LPCM over HDMI Why it Matters and Who Supports it www anandtech com Retrieved October 17 2008 ATI Radeon HD 4550 and ATI Radeon HD 4350 Graphics Cards Load Up Compelling Gaming and Multimedia Features BusinessWire September 30 2008 Retrieved November 18 2009 ATI Radeon HD 4800 Series GPU Specifications AMD Archived from the original on December 1 2008 Retrieved October 22 2008 ATI Radeon HD 4600 Series GPU Specifications AMD Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved October 22 2008 ATI Radeon HD 4350 Graphics GPU Specifications AMD Archived from the original on October 3 2008 Retrieved October 22 2008 a b Michael Larabel February 15 2008 ATI R700 Series Gain ALSA HDMI Audio Phoronix Retrieved October 22 2008 Michael Larabel August 7 2008 Sapphire Radeon HD 4850 Toxic 512MB Phoronix Retrieved October 22 2008 a b CyberLink Partners with Realtek to Showcase Lossless HD Audio Playback with Copy Protection Technology Cyberlink June 5 2008 Retrieved January 11 2009 a b WinDVD 9 Plus Corel Retrieved January 20 2009 Marsh Dave January 10 2009 How to Implement Windows Vista Content Output Protection PowerPoint Retrieved November 20 2009 a b Paul Monckton September 20 2006 The HDCP chain www pcw co uk Retrieved January 10 2009 Peter Rojas October 4 2005 Gateway s FPD2185W 21 inch 530 mm widescreen LCD engadget Retrieved May 9 2008 Alan Dang February 19 2006 Windows Vista Ready LCD Monitor Round Up Part 1 FiringSquad Archived from the original on October 14 2007 Retrieved May 9 2008 a b Revolutionary HDMI Soundcard Unlocks Premium High Definition Multimedia Asus June 4 2008 Archived from the original on August 22 2008 Retrieved January 10 2009 a b ASUS Reveals Xonar HDAV1 3 Series Sound Cards with World s First Dolby TrueHD Bit Stream Feature for the New Blu ray Era Asus December 31 2008 Retrieved November 17 2009 Xonar HDAV1 3 Specifications Asus Archived from the original on August 28 2010 Retrieved November 18 2009 ATI Radeon HD 5870 GPU Feature Summary AMD Retrieved October 7 2009 ATI Radeon HD 5850 GPU Feature Summary AMD Retrieved October 7 2009 a b AMD s Radeon HD 5870 Bringing About the Next Generation Of GPUs The Race is Over 8 channel LPCM TrueHD amp DTS HD MA Bitstreaming Anandtech September 23 2009 Retrieved October 7 2009 Welcome to AMD Processors Graphics and Technology PDF AMD Archived from the original PDF on June 20 2012 Adhikari Richard December 9 2010 VGA Given 5 Years to Live Tech News World Hachman Mark January 1 1970 Top PC Chip Display Makers to Ditch VGA DVI News amp Opinion PCMag com Retrieved January 12 2011 ASUS Launches the PB278Q WQHD Display asus com August 27 2012 Retrieved August 29 2012 Asus PB278Q asus com August 28 2012 Retrieved August 28 2012 GeForce GTX 1080 Graphics Cards from NVIDIA GeForce NVIDIA Newsroom NVIDIA NVIDIA Delivers Greatest Ever Generational Leap with GeForce RTX 30 Series GPUs NVIDIA Newsroom Newsroom Retrieved September 16 2020 Introducing NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 Series Graphics Cards NVIDIA Retrieved September 16 2020 GeForce RTX 30 Series Community Q amp A You Asked We Answered NVIDIA Retrieved September 16 2020 Samsung Galaxy S II first with MHL port for dual purpose USB or HDMI out video Engadget February 23 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 Brian Klug July 1 2011 HTC Sensation 4G Review A Sensational Smartphone Anandtech Retrieved October 30 2011 Silicon Image s Dual Mode Port Processors Now Offer MHL Connectivity for Samsung Smart TVs Silicon Image October 25 2011 Archived from the original on February 1 2012 Retrieved October 30 2011 Battlemodo HTC EVO 3D Vs LG Optimus 3D Gizmodo September 28 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 LG Thrill for AT amp T First Look PCWorld April 22 2011 Archived from the original on November 16 2011 Retrieved October 30 2011 Dilger Daniel Eran March 2 2011 Apple brings HDMI output to iPhone 4 iPad iPad 2 AppleInsider Retrieved January 4 2012 Apple Digital AV Adapter Apple Store United States Apple Inc Archived from the original on January 11 2012 Retrieved January 4 2012 a b c d HDMI Over USB Type C PDF usb org HDMI LLC October 20 2016 Archived from the original PDF on February 18 2017 Retrieved May 6 2017 HDMI Licensing LLC Releases Alternate Mode for USB Type C Connector hdmi org Press release September 1 2016 Archived from the original on December 24 2018 Retrieved September 11 2016 New USB Type C to HDMI spec lets you ditch the dongle Ars Technica September 5 2016 Retrieved May 5 2017 Sebayang Andreas January 11 2023 The demise of HDMI over USB C Alt Mode and more power in cables Notebookcheck Retrieved January 16 2023 Interview with Steve Venuti from HDMI Licensing PDF hdmi org HDMI Licensing Archived from the original PDF on June 21 2010 Retrieved January 27 2016 Is Displayport worth its price Displays Tom s Hardware May 31 2012 Retrieved October 30 2017 DisplayPort FAQ DisplayPort website Archived from the original on June 3 2008 Retrieved June 19 2008 Page 5 HDMI Penetration and Market Position 2016 PDF HDMI Licensing LLC Archived from the original PDF on June 15 2017 Retrieved October 30 2017 a b c d DisplayPort Technical Overview May 2010 PDF VESA May 23 2010 Archived from the original PDF on July 26 2011 DisplayPort Technical Overview DisplayPort website Archived from the original on June 3 2008 Retrieved May 23 2009 DisplayPort Developer Conference Presentations Posted vesa December 2 2010 Retrieved January 12 2011 a b Tony Hoffman January 7 2010 VESA Upgrades DisplayPort Interface PCMag Retrieved May 31 2010 VESA Releases DisplayPort 1 3 Standard 50 More Bandwidth New Features September 16 2014 Retrieved September 15 2016 VESA Releases DisplayPort 1 3 Standard vesa org September 15 2014 Retrieved January 27 2016 VESA Updates Display Stream Compression Standard to Support New Applications and Richer Display Content PRNewswire January 27 2016 Retrieved January 29 2016 FAQ DisplayPort Archived from the original on December 24 2018 DSC Display Stream Compression Archived from the original on July 10 2019 DisplayPort 2 0 Everything you need to know July 13 2022 VESA Releases DisplayPort 2 1 Specification VESA October 17 2022 Retrieved October 30 2022 a b DisplayPort Interoperability Guideline Version 1 1a VESA org February 5 2009 Retrieved July 2 2010 Sebayang Andreas January 11 2023 The demise of HDMI over USB C Alt Mode and more power in cables Notebookcheck Retrieved August 8 2023 DisplayPort License Fees ViaLa Retrieved March 2 2024 MPEG LA Introduces License for DisplayPort Business Wire March 5 2015 Retrieved March 5 2015 Hans Verkuil November 20 2017 Linux drm add support for DisplayPort CEC Tunneling over AUX Cisco Retrieved August 8 2023 DisplayPort 1 1a Standard VESA org January 11 2008 Retrieved June 23 2008 HDMI plugs into cameras cellphones EE Times January 8 2008 Archived from the original on June 13 2012 Retrieved January 2 2013 a b Manmeet Walia MHL The New Mobile to TV Protocol Synopsys com Retrieved February 15 2017 a b Consortium backs mobile interface for high def video EE Times April 14 2010 Archived from the original on March 21 2011 Retrieved January 2 2013 Frequently Asked Questions About MHL MHL LLC Archived from the original on April 16 2012 Retrieved January 2 2013 Manmeet Walia HDMI and MHL IP for Mobile and Digital Home Connectivity Synopsys com Retrieved April 14 2017 a b superMHL Specification White Paper PDF MHL September 2015 Archived from the original PDF on February 8 2017 Retrieved February 7 2017 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI Licensing LLC Dolby Podcast Episode 60 March 26 2009 Part one of a two part discussion with Steve Venuti President and Jeff Park Technology Evangelist of HDMI Licensing Dolby Podcast Episode 62 April 23 2009 Part two of a two part discussion with Steve Venuti President and Jeff Park Technology Evangelist of HDMI Licensing Portals nbsp Electronics nbsp Technology nbsp Television nbsp Video games Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HDMI amp oldid 1220414492, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.