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High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding

January 01, 1970

"EAAC" redirects here. For the airline, see European Aviation Air Charter.
Not to be confused with MPEG-4 SLS, which is branded HD-AAC.

High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio defined as an MPEG-4 Audio profile in ISO/IEC 14496–3. It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC) optimized for low-bitrate applications such as streaming audio. The usage profile HE-AAC v1 uses spectral band replication (SBR) to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression efficiency in the frequency domain.[3] The usage profile HE-AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo (PS) to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals.

High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
Filename extensionsMPEG/3GPP Container

Apple Container

  • .m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .m4v

ADTS Stream - NOT raw - Contains Headers

  • .aac
Internet media typeaudio/aac
audio/aacp
audio/3gpp
audio/3gpp2
audio/mp4
Developed byISO
Type of formatAudio compression format
Contained byMPEG-4 Part 14, 3GP and 3G2, ISO base media file format, Audio Data Interchange Format (ADIF), Audio Data Transport Stream (ADTS)
Extended fromAAC
StandardISO/IEC 14496-3
Hierarchical structure of AAC profile, HE-AAC profile and HE-AAC v2 profile, and compatibility between them. The HE-AAC profile decoder is fully capable of decoding any AAC profile stream. Similarly, The HE-AAC v2 decoder can handle all HE-AAC profile streams as well as all AAC profile streams. Based on the MPEG-4 Part 3 technical specification.[1]
Evolution from MPEG-2 AAC-LC (Low Complexity) Profile and MPEG-4 AAC-LC Object Type to HE-AAC v2 Profile.[2]

HE-AAC is used in digital radio standards like HD Radio,[4] DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale.

History edit

The progenitor of HE-AAC was developed by Coding Technologies by combining MPEG-2 AAC-LC with a proprietary mechanism for spectral band replication (SBR), to be used by XM Radio for their satellite radio service. Subsequently, Coding Technologies submitted their SBR mechanism to MPEG as a basis of what ultimately became HE-AAC.

HE-AAC v1 was standardized as a profile of MPEG-4 Audio in 2003 by MPEG and published as part of the ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003[5] specification.

The HE-AAC v2 profile was standardized in 2006 as per ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006.[1][6]

Parts of the HE-AAC specification had previously been standardized and published by various bodies in 3GPP TS 26.401 ,[7] ETSI TS 126 401 V6.1.0 ,[8] ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd.1:2003 and ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004. [9]

At the time, Coding Technologies had already begun using the trade names AAC+ and aacPlus for what is now known as HE-AAC v1, and aacPlus v2 and eAAC+ for what is now known as HE-AAC v2.

Perceived quality edit

Testing indicates that material decoded from 64 kbit/s HE-AAC does not quite have similar audio quality to material decoded from MP3 at 128 kbit/s using high quality encoders.[10][11][12][13] The test, taking bitrate distribution and RMSD into account, is a tie between mp3PRO, HE-AAC and Ogg Vorbis.

Further controlled testing by 3GPP during their revision 6 specification process indicates that HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 provide "Good" audio quality for music at low bit rates (e.g., 24 kbit/s).

In 2011, a public listening test[14] comparing the two best-rated HE-AAC encoders at the time to Opus and Ogg Vorbis indicated that Opus had statistically significant superiority at 64 kbit/s over all other contenders, and second-ranked Apple's implementation of HE-AAC as statistically superior to both Ogg Vorbis and Nero HE-AAC, which were tied for third place.

MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AAC-LC decoders without SBR support will decode the AAC-LC part of the audio, resulting in audio output with only half the sampling frequency, thereby reducing the audio bandwidth. This usually results in the high-end, or treble, portion of the audio signal missing from the audio product.

Support edit

Encoding edit

Orban Opticodec-PC Streaming and File Encoders were the first commercially available encoders supporting AAC-LC/HE-AAC back in 2003. They are now deprecated and replaced with StreamS Encoders from StreamS/Modulation Index with many more features, including support xHE-AAC/Unified Speech and Audio Coding. They are now in use at some of the largest content providers, and are considered to be the standard of the industry for live encoding.

Sony supports HE-AAC encoding since SonicStage version 4.

iTunes 9 supports HE-AAC encoding and playback.[15][16]

Nero has released a free-of-charge command line HE-AAC encoder, Nero AAC Codec,[17] and also supports HE-AAC inside the Nero software suite.

Sorenson Media's Squeeze Compression Suite includes an HE-AACv1 encoder and is available for macOS as well as Windows.

The 3GPP consortium released source code of a reference HE-AACv2 encoder that appears to offer competitive quality.[18]

Winamp Pro also supports ripping music to HE-AAC. Using a transcoding plugin for Winamp's media library, any file can be transcoded to HE-AAC.[19]

XLD, a macOS audio encoding program, offers encoding from any of its supported formats to HE-AAC.

Nokia PC Suite may encode audiofiles to eAAC+ format before transmitting them to mobile phone.

HE-AAC v1 and v2 encoders are provided by the Fraunhofer FDK AAC library in Android 4.1 and later versions.[20]

Decoding edit

HE-AAC is supported in the open source FAAD/FAAD2 decoding library and all players incorporating it, such as VLC media player, Winamp, foobar2000, Audacious Media Player and SonicStage.

The Nero AAC Codec supports decoding HE and HEv2 AAC.

HE-AAC is also used by AOL Radio and Pandora Radio clients to deliver high-fidelity music at low bitrates.

iTunes 9.2 and iOS 4 include full decoding of HE-AAC v2 parametric stereo streams.

  • iTunes 9 thru 9.1, iPhone OS 3.1 and Fall 2009 iPods have support for HE-AAC playback for version 1 with no parametric stereo.
  • Older versions of Apple iTunes, iPod Touch, and iPhone will play HE-AAC files at reduced fidelity because they ignore the spectral-band replication and parametric stereo information, instead playing them as though they were standard AAC-LC files without the high-frequency, or "treble," information that is only present in the SBR part of the signal.[21] These will report the track length as twice its actual length.[citation needed]

Dolby released Dolby Pulse decoders and encoders in September 2008. HE-AAC v2 is the core of Dolby Pulse so files and streams encoded in Dolby Pulse will playback on AAC, HE-AAC v1 and v2 decoders. Conversely files and streams encoded in AAC, HE-AAC v1 or v2 will playback on Dolby Pulse decoders.

Dolby Pulse provides the following additional capabilities beyond HE-AAC v2:

  • Ability to intelligently generate and insert reversible loudness normalization and dynamic range metadata into the encoded file/stream; this metadata can then be used to optimize the playback experience based on application and/or device.
  • Ability to insert custom metadata into the encoded file, and extract this metadata on playback

Dolby has additionally released a PC decoder as an SDK suitable for integration into PC applications requiring Dolby Pulse, HE-AAC or AAC playback capabilities.

HE-AAC v2 decoders are provided in all versions of Android.[20] Decoding is handled by Fraunhofer FDK AAC since Android version 4.1.

Clients edit

Application Platform Description
AIMP Windows A Winamp-like alternative music player.[22]
Adobe Flash Player Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, Linux Browser plug-in.[23][24] Supports AAC+ from any RTMP source.
Live streams wrapped in an ADTS container are not natively supported and have to be re-wrapped. (e.g. Icecast KH can serve streams in a .flv container, which is compatible with Flash.)[a]
Amarok (software) Windows, Linux Open-source music player.
Audacious Media Player Windows, Linux Open-source music player.
Deadbeef Linux, Android Open-source music player.
Die Plattenkiste Windows Freeware internet radio application (in German).
foobar2000 Windows Freeware music player.
fre:ac Windows, macOS, Linux Open-source audio converter.
FStream macOS, iOS Internet radio application.
GuguRadio iOS Internet radio application.
Internet Radio Player Android Internet radio player.
Internet Radio Box 2012-08-25 at the Wayback Machine iOS Internet radio application.
iTunes Windows, macOS Freeware music player. Pre-installed on Mac computers.
JetAudio Windows, Android Shareware media player.
MediaHuman Audio Converter Windows, macOS Freeware audio converter.
(Supports conversion of MP3, AAC, AIFF, WAV etc.)
MPlayer Windows, macOS and Linux Open-source media player.
Mpv (media player) Windows, macOS and Linux Open-source media player.
Rockbox Various portable media devices Alternate firmware for various portable media-players, such as Apple iPod and Creative Zen.
QuickTime X macOS Media player pre-installed on Mac OS X Snow Leopard or later.
RealPlayer Windows, macOS, Linux, Android Freemium media player.
(HE-AAC v2 will only play in mono)[26]
Rhythmbox Linux Open-source music player.
macOS Shareware internet radio application.
streamWriter Windows Open-source internet radio application.
StreamS HiFi Radio iOS Paidware internet radio player.
Tunein radio iOS, Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry Internet radio player.
VLC media player Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android Open-source media player.
Winamp Windows, macOS, Android Freeware media player.
XiiaLive Android, iOS Internet radio player.
Kodi Windows, Linux, macOS, Android Open-source media player.
Media Player Classic Windows Open-source media player

Promotion aspects edit

Commercial trademarks and labeling edit

HE-AAC is marketed under the trademark aacPlus by Coding Technologies and under the trademark Nero Digital by Nero AG. Sony Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung use AAC+ to label support for HE-AAC v1 and eAAC+ to label support for HE-AAC v2 on their phones. Motorola uses AAC+ to indicate HE-AAC v1 and "AAC+ Enhanced" to indicate HE-AAC v2.[citation needed]

Licensing and patents edit

Companies holding patents for HE-AAC have formed a patent pool administered by Via Licensing Corporation[27] to provide a single point of license for product makers.

Patent licenses are required for end-product companies that make hardware or software products that include HE-AAC encoders and/or decoders.[28] Unlike the MP3 format before April 23, 2017,[29] content owners are not required to pay license fees to distribute content in HE-AAC.

Standards edit

HE-AAC profile was first standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003.[5] HE-AAC v2 profile (HE-AAC with Parametric Stereo) was first specified in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006.[1][6][30] The Parametric Stereo coding tool used by HE-AAC v2 was standardized in 2004 and published as ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004.[9][7]

The current version of the MPEG-4 Audio (including HE-AAC standards) is published in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009.

Enhanced aacPlus is required audio compression format in 3GPP technical specifications for 3G UMTS multimedia services and should be supported in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) and Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS).[31][32][33][34] HE-AAC version 2 was standardized under the name Enhanced aacPlus by 3GPP for 3G UMTS multimedia services in September 2004 (3GPP TS 26.401).[35]

HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 audio coding for DVB applications is standardized by TS 101 154.[36][37] AacPlus v2 by Coding Technologies[38] is also standardized by the ETSI as TS 102 005 for Satellite services to Handheld devices (DVB-SH) below 3 GHz.

In December 2007, Brazil started broadcasting terrestrial DTV standard called International ISDB-Tb that implements video coding H.264 with audio AAC-LC on main program (single or multi) and video H.264 with audio HE-AACv2 in the 1Seg mobile sub-program.

Versions edit

The following is the summary of the different versions of HE-AAC:

Version Common trade names Codec feature Standards
HE-AAC v1 aacPlus v1, eAAC, AAC+, CT-aacPlus AAC-LC + SBR ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003
HE-AAC v2 aacPlus v2, eAAC+, AAC++, Enhanced AAC+ AAC-LC + SBR + PS ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006
xHE-AAC aacPlus v2, eAAC+, AAC++, Enhanced AAC+ AAC-LC + SBR + PS + USAC ISO/IEC 23003-3:2012/Amd 2:2012
[39]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ To deliver streaming audio, AAC data is most likely carried in either the Audio Data Interchange Format (ADIF) or via Audio Data Transport Stream (ADTS). You can parse these containers and create FLV audio tags in order to use the audio file with Data Generation Mode.[25]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N7016 (2005-01-11), , archived from the original (DOC) on 2014-05-12, retrieved 2009-10-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Fraunhofer IIS, MPEG-4 Audio and Video Technology (PDF), retrieved 2009-10-15[dead link]
  3. ^ Herre, J.; Dietz, M. (2008). "MPEG-4 high-efficiency AAC coding [Standards in a Nutshell]". IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 25 (3): 137–142. Bibcode:2008ISPM...25..137H. doi:10.1109/MSP.2008.918684.
  4. ^ "Receiving NRSC-5". theori.io. 9 June 2017. from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b ISO (2003). "Bandwidth extension, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003". ISO. from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  6. ^ a b ISO (2006). "Audio Lossless Coding (ALS), new audio profiles and BSAC extensions, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006". ISO. from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  7. ^ a b 3GPP (2004-09-30). "3GPP TS 26.401 V6.0.0 (2004-09), General Audio Codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus General Audio Codec; General Description (Release 6)" (DOC). 3GPP. from the original on 2006-08-19. Retrieved 2009-10-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ 3GPP (2005-01-04). "ETSI TS 126 401 V6.1.0 (2004-12) - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); General audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec; General description (3GPP TS 26.401 version 6.1.0 Release 6)". 3GPP. Retrieved 2009-10-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b ISO (2004). "Parametric coding for high-quality audio, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004". ISO. from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  10. ^ . 23 June 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ^ "Multiformat Listening Test @ 48 kbps - FINISHED". www.hydrogenaud.io. from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  12. ^ "80 kbps personal listening test (summer 2005)". www.hydrogenaud.io. from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  13. ^ "MP3 – WMA – AAC – OGG – qualité à 96 kbps (évaluation) - Traitement Audio - Video & Son - FORUM HardWare.fr". forum.hardware.fr. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  14. ^ "Hydrogen audio 2011 multiformat listening test unofficial results page". people.xiph.org. from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  15. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-03-29. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  16. ^ "iTunes". Apple. from the original on 29 March 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  17. ^ "Nero AAC Codec". from the original on 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  18. ^ Bouvigne, Gabriel (2006-03-20). "48kbps AAC public test results". MP3'Tech. from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  19. ^ "Free Download Winamp Transcoder 2.0". www.free-codecs.com. from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  20. ^ a b "Supported Media Formats". Google. from the original on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
  21. ^ "iPod touch: Supported file formats". Apple Support. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  22. ^ "AIMP". www.aimp.ru. from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  23. ^ "Adobe Flash Player". www.adobe.com. from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  24. ^ "Adobe bringing HD video, high quality audio to Flash using H.264, AAC (iPhone Flash support?) – MacDailyNews - Welcome Home". macdailynews.com. 21 August 2007. from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  25. ^ "Playing Icecast streaming audio in Flash Player - Adobe Developer Connection". www.adobe.com. from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2014-10-19.
  27. ^ Via Licensing. "Licensing Programs". from the original on 2017-05-13. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
  28. ^ Via Licensing. "AAC Licensing FAQ". from the original on 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
  29. ^ Thomson. . Archived from the original on 2017-01-17.
  30. ^ Mihir Mody (2005-06-06). "Audio compression gets better and more complex". Embedded.com. Retrieved 2009-10-13.[permanent dead link]
  31. ^ ETSI (2009-04) ETSI TS 126 234 V8.2.0 (2009-04); 3GPP TS 26.234; Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS); Protocols and codecs 2008-12-01 at the Wayback Machine Page 58. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  32. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 140 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.140; Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Media formats and codes 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine Page 11. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  33. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 141 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.141; IP Multimedia System (IMS) Messaging and Presence; Media formats and codecs 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Page 10. Retrieved on 2009-06-02.
  34. ^ 3GPP (2009). "ETSI TS 126 346 V8.3.0 (2009-06); 3GPP TS 26.346; Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs". ETSI. p. 85. from the original on 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2009-10-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ 3GPP (2004). "3GPP TS 26.401 - General audio codec audio processing functions; Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec; General description". 3GPP. from the original on 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2009-10-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ ETSI TS 101 154 v1.5.1: Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream
  37. ^ ETSI (2009-03-31). "TS 101 154 version 1.9.1 - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream". ETSI. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  38. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2007-01-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ^ "xHE-AAC". Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS. Retrieved 3 January 2021.

External links edit

  • Radio Streaming Provider that provides every stream in HE-AACv2
  • , article in the EBU technical review (01/2006) giving explanations on HE-AAC.
  • list of Internet radio stations using aacPlus
  • RadioFeeds UK & Ireland (AAC+) UK terrestrial radio stations streaming online in aacPlus format
  • Open Source AAC codec FAAC (encoder) and FAAD2 (decoder)
  • Reworked HE-AAC encoder aacplusenc (Windows binary aacplusenc.exe only goes to 51 kbit/s.)
  • SNG 1.3 Front-end 2012-01-03 at the Wayback Machine for Nero Encoder e.g. AAC-LC, HE-AAC, HE-AACv2 e.g.(Van Halen's Panama HE-AAC maxed at 205 kbit/s)
  • neroAacEnc.exe - the Nero Encoder back-end for the SNG 1.3 front-end.
  • Winamp.com Audio player/ripper that allows you to rip CDs into HE-AAC and convert other audio files into HE-AAC (with a free add-on).
  • EZ CD Audio Converter CD Ripper, Audio Converter, and CD Burner that allows you to rip to AAC-LC and HE-AAC, convert to AAC-LC and HE-AAC and burn AAC-LC and HE-AAC to an Audio CD.
  • Die Plattenkiste Albumplayer, Ripper, Converter, and CD Burner that allows you to rip to AAC and aacPlus, convert to AAC and aacPlus and burn AAC and aacPlus to gapless Audio-CD.
  • mp3PRO vs MP3 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine - includes graphs comparing high-frequency performance for MP3pro (similar to HE-AAC+)
  • Official MPEG web site
  • Via Licensing Corporation - HE-AAC Patent Pool
  • RFC 4281 - The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types
  • Fraunhofer AAC Test Site

January 01, 1970
high, efficiency, advanced, audio, coding, eaac, redirects, here, airline, european, aviation, charter, confused, with, mpeg, which, branded, audio, coding, format, lossy, data, compression, digital, audio, defined, mpeg, audio, profile, 14496, extension, comp. EAAC redirects here For the airline see European Aviation Air Charter Not to be confused with MPEG 4 SLS which is branded HD AAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding HE AAC is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio defined as an MPEG 4 Audio profile in ISO IEC 14496 3 It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC AAC LC optimized for low bitrate applications such as streaming audio The usage profile HE AAC v1 uses spectral band replication SBR to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform MDCT compression efficiency in the frequency domain 3 The usage profile HE AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo PS to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals High Efficiency Advanced Audio CodingFilename extensionsMPEG 3GPP Container a href m4a html class mw redirect title m4a m4a a mp4 a href 3GP html class mw redirect title 3GP 3gp a Apple Container m4a m4b m4p m4r m4v ADTS Stream NOT raw Contains Headers aacInternet media typeaudio aac audio aacp audio 3gpp audio 3gpp2 audio mp4Developed byISOType of formatAudio compression formatContained byMPEG 4 Part 14 3GP and 3G2 ISO base media file format Audio Data Interchange Format ADIF Audio Data Transport Stream ADTS Extended fromAACStandardISO IEC 14496 3 Hierarchical structure of AAC profile HE AAC profile and HE AAC v2 profile and compatibility between them The HE AAC profile decoder is fully capable of decoding any AAC profile stream Similarly The HE AAC v2 decoder can handle all HE AAC profile streams as well as all AAC profile streams Based on the MPEG 4 Part 3 technical specification 1 Evolution from MPEG 2 AAC LC Low Complexity Profile and MPEG 4 AAC LC Object Type to HE AAC v2 Profile 2 HE AAC is used in digital radio standards like HD Radio 4 DAB and Digital Radio Mondiale Contents 1 History 2 Perceived quality 3 Support 3 1 Encoding 3 2 Decoding 3 3 Clients 4 Promotion aspects 4 1 Commercial trademarks and labeling 4 2 Licensing and patents 5 Standards 5 1 Versions 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory editThe progenitor of HE AAC was developed by Coding Technologies by combining MPEG 2 AAC LC with a proprietary mechanism for spectral band replication SBR to be used by XM Radio for their satellite radio service Subsequently Coding Technologies submitted their SBR mechanism to MPEG as a basis of what ultimately became HE AAC HE AAC v1 was standardized as a profile of MPEG 4 Audio in 2003 by MPEG and published as part of the ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 1 2003 5 specification The HE AAC v2 profile was standardized in 2006 as per ISO IEC 14496 3 2005 Amd 2 2006 1 6 Parts of the HE AAC specification had previously been standardized and published by various bodies in 3GPP TS 26 401 7 ETSI TS 126 401 V6 1 0 8 ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 1 2003 and ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 2 2004 9 At the time Coding Technologies had already begun using the trade names AAC and aacPlus for what is now known as HE AAC v1 and aacPlus v2 and eAAC for what is now known as HE AAC v2 Perceived quality editTesting indicates that material decoded from 64 kbit s HE AAC does not quite have similar audio quality to material decoded from MP3 at 128 kbit s using high quality encoders 10 11 12 13 The test taking bitrate distribution and RMSD into account is a tie between mp3PRO HE AAC and Ogg Vorbis Further controlled testing by 3GPP during their revision 6 specification process indicates that HE AAC and HE AAC v2 provide Good audio quality for music at low bit rates e g 24 kbit s In 2011 a public listening test 14 comparing the two best rated HE AAC encoders at the time to Opus and Ogg Vorbis indicated that Opus had statistically significant superiority at 64 kbit s over all other contenders and second ranked Apple s implementation of HE AAC as statistically superior to both Ogg Vorbis and Nero HE AAC which were tied for third place MPEG 2 and MPEG 4 AAC LC decoders without SBR support will decode the AAC LC part of the audio resulting in audio output with only half the sampling frequency thereby reducing the audio bandwidth This usually results in the high end or treble portion of the audio signal missing from the audio product Support editEncoding edit Orban Opticodec PC Streaming and File Encoders were the first commercially available encoders supporting AAC LC HE AAC back in 2003 They are now deprecated and replaced with StreamS Encoders from StreamS Modulation Index with many more features including support xHE AAC Unified Speech and Audio Coding They are now in use at some of the largest content providers and are considered to be the standard of the industry for live encoding Sony supports HE AAC encoding since SonicStage version 4 iTunes 9 supports HE AAC encoding and playback 15 16 Nero has released a free of charge command line HE AAC encoder Nero AAC Codec 17 and also supports HE AAC inside the Nero software suite Sorenson Media s Squeeze Compression Suite includes an HE AACv1 encoder and is available for macOS as well as Windows The 3GPP consortium released source code of a reference HE AACv2 encoder that appears to offer competitive quality 18 Winamp Pro also supports ripping music to HE AAC Using a transcoding plugin for Winamp s media library any file can be transcoded to HE AAC 19 XLD a macOS audio encoding program offers encoding from any of its supported formats to HE AAC Nokia PC Suite may encode audiofiles to eAAC format before transmitting them to mobile phone HE AAC v1 and v2 encoders are provided by the Fraunhofer FDK AAC library in Android 4 1 and later versions 20 Decoding edit HE AAC is supported in the open source FAAD FAAD2 decoding library and all players incorporating it such as VLC media player Winamp foobar2000 Audacious Media Player and SonicStage The Nero AAC Codec supports decoding HE and HEv2 AAC HE AAC is also used by AOL Radio and Pandora Radio clients to deliver high fidelity music at low bitrates iTunes 9 2 and iOS 4 include full decoding of HE AAC v2 parametric stereo streams iTunes 9 thru 9 1 iPhone OS 3 1 and Fall 2009 iPods have support for HE AAC playback for version 1 with no parametric stereo Older versions of Apple iTunes iPod Touch and iPhone will play HE AAC files at reduced fidelity because they ignore the spectral band replication and parametric stereo information instead playing them as though they were standard AAC LC files without the high frequency or treble information that is only present in the SBR part of the signal 21 These will report the track length as twice its actual length citation needed Dolby released Dolby Pulse decoders and encoders in September 2008 HE AAC v2 is the core of Dolby Pulse so files and streams encoded in Dolby Pulse will playback on AAC HE AAC v1 and v2 decoders Conversely files and streams encoded in AAC HE AAC v1 or v2 will playback on Dolby Pulse decoders Dolby Pulse provides the following additional capabilities beyond HE AAC v2 Ability to intelligently generate and insert reversible loudness normalization and dynamic range metadata into the encoded file stream this metadata can then be used to optimize the playback experience based on application and or device Ability to insert custom metadata into the encoded file and extract this metadata on playback Dolby has additionally released a PC decoder as an SDK suitable for integration into PC applications requiring Dolby Pulse HE AAC or AAC playback capabilities HE AAC v2 decoders are provided in all versions of Android 20 Decoding is handled by Fraunhofer FDK AAC since Android version 4 1 Clients edit This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items September 2012 Application Platform Description AIMP Windows A Winamp like alternative music player 22 Adobe Flash Player Windows macOS ChromeOS Linux Browser plug in 23 24 Supports AAC from any RTMP source Live streams wrapped in an ADTS container are not natively supported and have to be re wrapped e g Icecast KH can serve streams in a flv container which is compatible with Flash a Amarok software Windows Linux Open source music player Audacious Media Player Windows Linux Open source music player Deadbeef Linux Android Open source music player Die Plattenkiste Windows Freeware internet radio application in German foobar2000 Windows Freeware music player fre ac Windows macOS Linux Open source audio converter FStream macOS iOS Internet radio application GuguRadio iOS Internet radio application Internet Radio Player Android Internet radio player Internet Radio Box Archived 2012 08 25 at the Wayback Machine iOS Internet radio application iTunes Windows macOS Freeware music player Pre installed on Mac computers JetAudio Windows Android Shareware media player MediaHuman Audio Converter Windows macOS Freeware audio converter Supports conversion of MP3 AAC AIFF WAV etc MPlayer Windows macOS and Linux Open source media player Mpv media player Windows macOS and Linux Open source media player Rockbox Various portable media devices Alternate firmware for various portable media players such as Apple iPod and Creative Zen QuickTime X macOS Media player pre installed on Mac OS X Snow Leopard or later RealPlayer Windows macOS Linux Android Freemium media player HE AAC v2 will only play in mono 26 Rhythmbox Linux Open source music player Snowtape macOS Shareware internet radio application streamWriter Windows Open source internet radio application StreamS HiFi Radio iOS Paidware internet radio player Tunein radio iOS Android Windows Phone Blackberry Internet radio player VLC media player Windows macOS Linux iOS Android Open source media player Winamp Windows macOS Android Freeware media player XiiaLive Android iOS Internet radio player Kodi Windows Linux macOS Android Open source media player Media Player Classic Windows Open source media playerPromotion aspects editCommercial trademarks and labeling edit HE AAC is marketed under the trademark aacPlus by Coding Technologies and under the trademark Nero Digital by Nero AG Sony Ericsson Nokia and Samsung use AAC to label support for HE AAC v1 and eAAC to label support for HE AAC v2 on their phones Motorola uses AAC to indicate HE AAC v1 and AAC Enhanced to indicate HE AAC v2 citation needed Licensing and patents edit Companies holding patents for HE AAC have formed a patent pool administered by Via Licensing Corporation 27 to provide a single point of license for product makers Patent licenses are required for end product companies that make hardware or software products that include HE AAC encoders and or decoders 28 Unlike the MP3 format before April 23 2017 29 content owners are not required to pay license fees to distribute content in HE AAC Standards editHE AAC profile was first standardized in ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 1 2003 5 HE AAC v2 profile HE AAC with Parametric Stereo was first specified in ISO IEC 14496 3 2005 Amd 2 2006 1 6 30 The Parametric Stereo coding tool used by HE AAC v2 was standardized in 2004 and published as ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 2 2004 9 7 The current version of the MPEG 4 Audio including HE AAC standards is published in ISO IEC 14496 3 2009 Enhanced aacPlus is required audio compression format in 3GPP technical specifications for 3G UMTS multimedia services and should be supported in IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS Multimedia Messaging Service MMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MBMS and Transparent end to end Packet switched Streaming Service PSS 31 32 33 34 HE AAC version 2 was standardized under the name Enhanced aacPlus by 3GPP for 3G UMTS multimedia services in September 2004 3GPP TS 26 401 35 HE AAC and HE AAC v2 audio coding for DVB applications is standardized by TS 101 154 36 37 AacPlus v2 by Coding Technologies 38 is also standardized by the ETSI as TS 102 005 for Satellite services to Handheld devices DVB SH below 3 GHz In December 2007 Brazil started broadcasting terrestrial DTV standard called International ISDB Tb that implements video coding H 264 with audio AAC LC on main program single or multi and video H 264 with audio HE AACv2 in the 1Seg mobile sub program Versions edit The following is the summary of the different versions of HE AAC Version Common trade names Codec feature Standards HE AAC v1 aacPlus v1 eAAC AAC CT aacPlus AAC LC SBR ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 1 2003 HE AAC v2 aacPlus v2 eAAC AAC Enhanced AAC AAC LC SBR PS ISO IEC 14496 3 2005 Amd 2 2006 xHE AAC aacPlus v2 eAAC AAC Enhanced AAC AAC LC SBR PS USAC ISO IEC 23003 3 2012 Amd 2 2012 39 LC means low complexity SBR means spectral band replication PS means parametric stereo USAC means unified speech and audio codingSee also editAdvanced Audio Coding Digital Radio MondialeNotes edit To deliver streaming audio AAC data is most likely carried in either the Audio Data Interchange Format ADIF or via Audio Data Transport Stream ADTS You can parse these containers and create FLV audio tags in order to use the audio file with Data Generation Mode 25 References edit a b c ISO IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11 N7016 2005 01 11 Text of ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 FPDAM 4 Audio Lossless Coding ALS new audio profiles and BSAC extensions archived from the original DOC on 2014 05 12 retrieved 2009 10 09 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Fraunhofer IIS MPEG 4 Audio and Video Technology PDF retrieved 2009 10 15 dead link Herre J Dietz M 2008 MPEG 4 high efficiency AAC coding Standards in a Nutshell IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25 3 137 142 Bibcode 2008ISPM 25 137H doi 10 1109 MSP 2008 918684 Receiving NRSC 5 theori io 9 June 2017 Archived from the original on 20 August 2017 Retrieved 14 April 2018 a b ISO 2003 Bandwidth extension ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 1 2003 ISO Archived from the original on 2012 01 04 Retrieved 2009 10 13 a b ISO 2006 Audio Lossless Coding ALS new audio profiles and BSAC extensions ISO IEC 14496 3 2005 Amd 2 2006 ISO Archived from the original on 2012 01 04 Retrieved 2009 10 13 a b 3GPP 2004 09 30 3GPP TS 26 401 V6 0 0 2004 09 General Audio Codec audio processing functions Enhanced aacPlus General Audio Codec General Description Release 6 DOC 3GPP Archived from the original on 2006 08 19 Retrieved 2009 10 13 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link 3GPP 2005 01 04 ETSI TS 126 401 V6 1 0 2004 12 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS General audio codec audio processing functions Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec General description 3GPP TS 26 401 version 6 1 0 Release 6 3GPP Retrieved 2009 10 13 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link a b ISO 2004 Parametric coding for high quality audio ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 Amd 2 2004 ISO Archived from the original on 2012 01 04 Retrieved 2009 10 13 Results of 64kbit s Listening Test 23 June 2007 Archived from the original on 23 June 2007 Retrieved 3 May 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Multiformat Listening Test 48 kbps FINISHED www hydrogenaud io Archived from the original on 8 July 2014 Retrieved 3 May 2018 80 kbps personal listening test summer 2005 www hydrogenaud io Archived from the original on 8 July 2014 Retrieved 3 May 2018 MP3 WMA AAC OGG qualite a 96 kbps evaluation Traitement Audio Video amp Son FORUM HardWare fr forum hardware fr Archived from the original on 15 July 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Hydrogen audio 2011 multiformat listening test unofficial results page people xiph org Archived from the original on 25 July 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Apple iTunes Learn about the features of iTunes 10 Archived from the original on 2011 03 29 Retrieved 2011 03 29 iTunes Apple Archived from the original on 29 March 2011 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Nero AAC Codec Archived from the original on 2009 12 11 Retrieved 2009 11 23 Bouvigne Gabriel 2006 03 20 48kbps AAC public test results MP3 Tech Archived from the original on 2008 07 24 Retrieved 2008 09 05 Free Download Winamp Transcoder 2 0 www free codecs com Archived from the original on 20 August 2008 Retrieved 3 May 2018 a b Supported Media Formats Google Archived from the original on 2012 03 11 Retrieved 2013 10 10 iPod touch Supported file formats Apple Support Retrieved 2019 04 07 AIMP www aimp ru Archived from the original on 8 November 2014 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Adobe Flash Player www adobe com Archived from the original on 23 July 2008 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Adobe bringing HD video high quality audio to Flash using H 264 AAC iPhone Flash support MacDailyNews Welcome Home macdailynews com 21 August 2007 Archived from the original on 21 June 2015 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Playing Icecast streaming audio in Flash Player Adobe Developer Connection www adobe com Archived from the original on 16 March 2015 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Orban Codec Products Opticodec PC 1020 Codec Archived from the original on 2015 03 18 Retrieved 2014 10 19 Via Licensing Licensing Programs Archived from the original on 2017 05 13 Retrieved 2017 05 11 Via Licensing AAC Licensing FAQ Archived from the original on 2017 05 22 Retrieved 2017 05 11 Thomson Thomson FhG MP3 Licensing Archived from the original on 2017 01 17 Mihir Mody 2005 06 06 Audio compression gets better and more complex Embedded com Retrieved 2009 10 13 permanent dead link ETSI 2009 04 ETSI TS 126 234 V8 2 0 2009 04 3GPP TS 26 234 Transparent end to end Packet switched Streaming Service PSS Protocols and codecs Archived 2008 12 01 at the Wayback Machine Page 58 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 ETSI 2009 01 ETSI TS 126 140 V8 0 0 2009 01 3GPP TS 26 140 Multimedia Messaging Service MMS Media formats and codes Archived 2008 12 06 at the Wayback Machine Page 11 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 ETSI 2009 01 ETSI TS 126 141 V8 0 0 2009 01 3GPP TS 26 141 IP Multimedia System IMS Messaging and Presence Media formats and codecs Archived 2008 10 07 at the Wayback Machine Page 10 Retrieved on 2009 06 02 3GPP 2009 ETSI TS 126 346 V8 3 0 2009 06 3GPP TS 26 346 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MBMS Protocols and codecs ETSI p 85 Archived from the original on 2008 10 04 Retrieved 2009 10 13 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link 3GPP 2004 3GPP TS 26 401 General audio codec audio processing functions Enhanced aacPlus general audio codec General description 3GPP Archived from the original on 2008 10 04 Retrieved 2009 10 13 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link ETSI TS 101 154 v1 5 1 Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG 2 Transport Stream ETSI 2009 03 31 TS 101 154 version 1 9 1 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG 2 Transport Stream ETSI Archived from the original on 2013 04 14 Retrieved 2009 10 13 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2006 10 26 Retrieved 2007 01 29 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link xHE AAC Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Retrieved 3 January 2021 External links editStream Media Radio Streaming Provider that provides every stream in HE AACv2 MPEG 4 HE AAC v2 audio coding for today s digital media world article in the EBU technical review 01 2006 giving explanations on HE AAC Tuner2 com list of Internet radio stations using aacPlus RadioFeeds UK amp Ireland AAC UK terrestrial radio stations streaming online in aacPlus format aacPlus explained Open Source AAC codec FAAC encoder and FAAD2 decoder Reworked HE AAC encoder aacplusenc Windows binary aacplusenc exe only goes to 51 kbit s SNG 1 3 Front end Archived 2012 01 03 at the Wayback Machine for Nero Encoder e g AAC LC HE AAC HE AACv2 e g Van Halen s Panama HE AAC maxed at 205 kbit s neroAacEnc exe the Nero Encoder back end for the SNG 1 3 front end Winamp com Audio player ripper that allows you to rip CDs into HE AAC and convert other audio files into HE AAC with a free add on EZ CD Audio Converter CD Ripper Audio Converter and CD Burner that allows you to rip to AAC LC and HE AAC convert to AAC LC and HE AAC and burn AAC LC and HE AAC to an Audio CD Die Plattenkiste Albumplayer Ripper Converter and CD Burner that allows you to rip to AAC and aacPlus convert to AAC and aacPlus and burn AAC and aacPlus to gapless Audio CD mp3PRO vs MP3 Archived 2017 02 02 at the Wayback Machine includes graphs comparing high frequency performance for MP3pro similar to HE AAC Official MPEG web site Via Licensing Corporation HE AAC Patent Pool RFC 4281 The Codecs Parameter for Bucket Media Types Fraunhofer AAC Test Site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding amp oldid 1220396247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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