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Wikipedia

Dell

March 19, 2023

"DELL" and "Dell Inc." redirect here. For its parent company, see Dell Technologies. For other uses, see Dell (disambiguation).

Dell Inc. is an American based technology company. It develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services. Dell is owned by its parent company, Dell Technologies.[4][5]

Dell Inc.
Logo since 2016
Headquarters in Round Rock, Texas
FormerlyPC's Limited (1984–1987)
Dell Computer Corporation (1987–2003)
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryComputer hardware
Computer software
FoundedFebruary 1, 1984; 39 years ago (1984-02-01)
FounderMichael Dell
Headquarters
Round Rock, Texas
,
US[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Michael Dell (chairman & CEO)
Products
Revenue US$101.6 billion (FY 2022)[2]
Number of employees
133,000 [3]
ParentDell Technologies
Websitewww.dell.com

Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is known for how it manages its supply chain and electronic commerce. This includes Dell selling directly to customers and delivering PCs that the customer wants.[6][5] Dell was a pure hardware vendor until 2009 when it acquired Perot Systems. Dell then entered the market for IT services. The company has expanded storage and networking systems. It is now expanding from offering computers only to delivering a range of technology for enterprise customers.[7][8]

Dell is a publicly-traded company (Nasdaq: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500. It is the 3rd largest personal computer vendor as of January 2021.[9][10] Dell is ranked 31st on the Fortune 500 list in 2022,[11] up from 76th in 2021.[12] It is also the sixth-largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second-largest non-oil company in Texas.[13][14]

In 2015, Dell acquired the enterprise technology firm EMC Corporation. Dell and EMC became divisions of Dell Technologies. Dell EMC sells data storage, information security, virtualization, analytics, and cloud computing.[15]

History

 
Michael Dell (founder)
 
Dell's first logo from 1987 to 1989
 
Dell's former logo, used from 1989 to 2010
 
Dell's logo used before the acquisition of EMC, used from 2010 to 2016, continued to be used on some products until early 2018

Founding and start-up

Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation, doing business as PC's Limited, in 1984 while a student at the University of Texas at Austin.[16] Operating from Michael Dell's off-campus dormitory room at Dobie Center,[17] the start-up aimed to sell IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that by selling personal computer systems directly to customers, PC's Limited could better understand customers' needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs.[18] Michael Dell dropped out of college upon completion of his freshman year at the University of Texas at Austin in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family.[19] As of April 2021, Michael Dell's net worth was estimated to be over $50 billion.[20]

In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design — the "Turbo PC", sold for US$795[21] — containing an Intel 8088-compatible processor capable of running at a maximum speed of 6.66 MHz.[22] PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this business model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.

The company dropped the PC's Limited name in 1987 to become Dell Computer Corporation and began expanding globally. At the time, the reasoning was this new company name better reflected its presence in the business market, as well as resolved issues with the use of "Limited" in a company name in certain countries.[23] The company set up its first international operations in Britain; eleven more followed within the next four years. In June 1988, Dell Computer's market capitalization grew by $30 million to $80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share.[24] In 1989, Dell Computer set up its first on-site service programs in order to compensate for the lack of local retailers prepared to act as service centers.

Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s

In 1990, Dell Computer tried selling its products indirectly through warehouse clubs and computer superstores, but met with little success, and the company re-focused on its more successful direct-to-consumer sales model. In 1992, Fortune included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the world's 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company at that time.

In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run.[25] Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994.[26] Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company president and CEO.

Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company's Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997.[19] While the industry's average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.[26]

From 1997 to 2004, Dell steadily grew and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out.[27] Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco.[28] In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett-Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett-Packard took the top spot for a time but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.[6]

In 2002, Dell expanded its product line to include televisions, handhelds, digital audio players, and printers. Chairman and CEO Michael Dell had repeatedly blocked President and COO Kevin Rollins's attempt to lessen the company's heavy dependency on PCs, which Rollins wanted to fix by acquiring EMC Corporation; a move that would eventually occur over 12 years later.[29]

In 2003, at the annual company meeting, the stockholders approved changing the company name to "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond computers.[30]

In 2004, the company announced that it would build a new assembly-plant near Winston-Salem, North Carolina; the city and county provided Dell with $37.2 million in incentive packages; the state provided approximately $250 million in incentives and tax breaks. In July, Michael Dell stepped aside as chief executive officer while retaining his position as chairman of the board.[31] Kevin Rollins, who had held a number of executive posts at Dell, became the new CEO. Despite no longer holding the CEO title, Dell essentially acted as a de facto co-CEO with Rollins.[29]

Under Rollins, Dell purchased the computer hardware manufacturer Alienware in 2006. Dell Inc.'s plan anticipated Alienware continuing to operate independently under its existing management. Alienware expected to benefit from Dell's efficient manufacturing system.[32]

Key events

In 2005, while earnings and sales continued to rise, sales growth slowed considerably, and the company stock lost 25% of its value that year.[33] By June 2006, the stock traded around US$25 which was 40% down from July 2005—the high-water mark of the company in the post-dotcom era.[34][35]

The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC business segments such as storage, services, and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs,[36] but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation.[37] Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins.[27] The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores.[3][34] CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.[36]

Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on US corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. US shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market, which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles, had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008.[38][39] Heavily dependent on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers.[29]

Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years,[39] yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and Acer, had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift.[40] The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players.[36] Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.[38]

Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator.[29][40][41] By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices.[33] Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized.[6] Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver an end-to-end IT product, and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett-Packard and Oracle.[37]

Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centers offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same line-up sold for hundreds.[citation needed] Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from the head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.[34][42]

There was also criticism that Dell used faulty components for its PCs, particularly the 11.8 million OptiPlex desktop computers sold to businesses and governments from May 2003 to July 2005, that suffered from faulty capacitors.[43] A battery recall in August 2006, as a result of a Dell laptop catching fire caused much negative attention for the company though later, Sony was found responsible for the manufacturing of the batteries, however spokesman for Sony Yoshikazu Ochiai said the problem concerned the combination of the battery with a charger, which is specific to Dell in this case.[44]

2006 marked the first year that Dell's growth was slower than the PC industry as a whole. By the fourth quarter of 2006, Dell lost its title of the largest PC manufacturer to rival Hewlett Packard whose Personal Systems Group was invigorated thanks to a restructuring initiated by their CEO Mark Hurd.[33][45][46]

SEC investigation

In August 2005, Dell became the subject of an informal investigation by the US SEC.[47] In 2006, the company disclosed that the US Attorney for the Southern District of New York had subpoenaed documents related to the company's financial reporting dating back to 2002.[48] The company delayed filing financial reports for the third and fourth fiscal quarter of 2006, and several class-action lawsuits were filed.[49] Dell Inc's failure to file its quarterly earnings report could have subjected the company to de-listing from the NASDAQ,[50] but the exchange granted Dell a waiver, allowing the stock to trade normally.[51] In August 2007, the Company announced that it would restate its earnings for fiscal years 2003 through 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 after an internal audit found that certain employees had changed corporate account balances to meet quarterly financial targets.[52] In July 2010, the SEC announced charges against several senior Dell executives, including Dell Chairman and CEO Michael Dell, former CEO Kevin Rollins, and former CFO James Schneider, "with failing to disclose material information to investors and using fraudulent accounting to make it falsely appear that the company was consistently meeting Wall Street earnings targets and reducing its operating expenses." Dell, inc. was fined $100 million, with Michael Dell personally fined $4 million.[53]

Michael Dell resumes CEO role

After four out of five quarterly earnings reports were below expectations, Rollins resigned as president and CEO on January 31, 2007, and founder Michael Dell assumed the role of CEO again.[54]

On March 1, 2007, the company issued a preliminary quarterly earnings report showing gross sales of $14.4 billion, down 5% year-over-year, and net income of $687 million (30 cents per share), down 33%. Net earnings would have declined even more if not for the effects of eliminated employee bonuses, which accounted for six cents per share. NASDAQ extended the company's deadline for filing financials to May 4.[55]

Dell 2.0 and downsizing

Dell announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products.[40][56] While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company.[38] Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "bureaucracy". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.[57]

On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of Ottawa won a bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high Canadian dollar that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs. [58] The company had also announced the shutdown of its Edmonton, Alberta, office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced the ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% of its workforce.[59]

By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.[5][60] Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location)[61][62] and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife.[63][64][65] Much work was transferred to manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.[60] On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.[66]

Attempts at diversification

The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android.[67][68] The Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS, numerous bugs, and low resolution screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Android, an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers.[69][70] Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, such as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with the Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets.[71] The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012. In December 2012, Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years, despite the introduction of Windows 8.[72]

In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and were willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design—for instance, Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops—Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping.[73][74] Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple's Mac that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.[75]

Dell attempted to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow,[76] by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services.[77] It avoided many of the acquisition write-downs and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard.[68][78] Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware,[8] the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world,[78] as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price.[79][80][81][82] Dell's market share in the corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously.[83]

2013 buyout

After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013, that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private.[84][85][86] Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners, aided by a $2 billion loan from Microsoft, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece.[87] The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis.[88] It is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion.[88]

The founder of Dell, Michael Dell, said of the February offer "I believe this transaction will open an exciting new chapter for Dell, our customers and team members".[89] Dell rival Lenovo responded to the buyout, saying, "the financial actions of some of our traditional competitors will not substantially change our outlook."[89]

In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell.[90] In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business.[91][92] Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized.[8] Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an "exit strategy" to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned "But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out."[93]

In May 2013, Dell joined his board in voting for his offer.[94] The following August he reached a deal with the special committee on the board for $13.88 (a raised price of $13.75 plus a special dividend of 13 cents per share), as well as a change to the voting rules.[95] The $13.88 cash offer (plus a $.08 per share dividend for the third fiscal quarter) was accepted on September 12[96] and closed on October 30, 2013, ending Dell's 25-year run as a publicly-traded company.

After the buyout, the newly private Dell offered a Voluntary Separation Program that they expected to reduce their workforce by up to seven percent. The reception to the program so exceeded the expectations that Dell may be forced to hire new staff to make up for the losses.[97]

Recent history

On November 19, 2015, Dell, alongside ARM Holdings, Cisco Systems, Intel, Microsoft, and Princeton University, founded the OpenFog Consortium, to promote interests and development in fog computing.[98]

Acquisition of EMC

On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 billion, which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition in the technology sector.[99][100] As part of the acquisition, Dell would take over EMC's 81% stake in the cloud-computing and virtualization company VMWare.[101] This would combine Dell's enterprise server, personal computer, and mobile businesses with EMC's enterprise storage business in a significant Vertical merger of IT giants. Dell would pay $24.05 per share of EMC, and $9.05 per share of tracking stock in VMware.[102][103][100]

The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business.[104] It's thought that the company's value has roughly doubled since then.[105] EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued[106] this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core "EMC II" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion from personal computers and $8.9bn from servers, while EMC had $16.5bn from EMC II, $1bn from RSA Security, $6bn from VMware, and $230 million from Pivotal Software.[107] EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware.[108] The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell.[109] Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.[110]

The combined business was expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell.[107][111] Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC.[112] Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not."[113] The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration.[114] The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.[115] Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Silver Lake Partners.[116]

On September 7, 2016, Dell Inc. completed the merger with EMC Corp., which involved the issuance of $45.9 billion in debt and $4.4 billion common stock.[117][118] At the time, some analysts claimed that Dell's acquisition of the former Iomega could harm the LenovoEMC partnership.[119]

In July 2018, Dell announced intentions to become a publicly traded company again by paying $21.7 billion in both cash and stock to buy back shares from its stake in VMware, offering shareholders roughly 60 cents on the dollar as part of the deal.[120][101] In November, Carl Icahn (9.3% owner of Dell) sued the company over plans to go public.[121] As a result of pressure from Icahn and other activist investors, Dell renegotiated the deal, ultimately offering shareholders about 80% of market value. As part of this deal, Dell once again became a public company, with the original Dell computer business and Dell EMC operating under the newly created parent, Dell Technologies.[101]

Post-acquisition, Dell was re-organized with a new parent company, Dell Technologies; Dell's consumer and workstation businesses are internally referred to as the Dell Client Solutions Group, and is one of the company's three main business divisions alongside Dell EMC and VMware.[122][123][124]

In January 2021, Dell reported $94 billion in sales and $13 billion operating cash flow during 2020.[101]

Dell and AMD

When Dell acquired Alienware early in 2006, some Alienware systems had AMD chips. On August 17, 2006, a Dell press release[125] stated that starting in September, Dell Dimension desktop computers would have AMD processors and that later in the year Dell would release a two-socket, quad-processor server using AMD Opteron chips, moving away from Dell's tradition of only offering Intel processors in Dell PCs.

CNet's News.com on August 17, 2006, cited Dell's CEO Kevin Rollins as attributing the move to AMD processors to lower costs and to AMD technology.[126] AMD's senior VP in commercial business, Marty Seyer, stated: "Dell's wider embrace of AMD processor-based offerings is a win for Dell, for the industry and most importantly for Dell customers."

On October 23, 2006, Dell announced new AMD-based servers — the PowerEdge 6950 and the PowerEdge SC1435.

On November 1, 2006, Dell's website began offering notebooks based on AMD processors (the Inspiron 1501 with a 15.4-inch (390 mm) display) with the choice of a single-core MK-36 processor, dual-core Turion X2 chips or Mobile Sempron.[127]

In 2017, Dell released the AlienWare 17. The model was primarily based on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 systems.[128]

Dell and desktop Linux

In 1998, Ralph Nader asked Dell (and five other major OEMs) to offer alternate operating systems to Microsoft Windows, specifically including Linux, for which "there is clearly a growing interest".[129][130] Possibly coincidentally, Dell started offering Linux notebook systems that "cost no more than their Windows 98 counterparts" in 2000,[131] and soon expanded, with Dell becoming "the first major manufacturer to offer Linux across its full product line".[132] However, by early 2001 Dell had "disbanded its Linux business unit."[133]

On February 26, 2007, Dell announced that it had commenced a program to sell and distribute a range of computers with pre-installed Linux distributions as an alternative to Microsoft Windows. Dell indicated that Novell's SUSE Linux would appear first.[134] However, the next day, Dell announced that its previous announcement related to certifying the hardware as ready to work with Novell SUSE Linux and that it (Dell) had no plans to sell systems pre-installed with Linux in the near future.[135] On March 28, 2007, Dell announced that it would begin shipping some desktops and laptops with Linux pre-installed, although it did not specify which distribution of Linux or which hardware would lead.[136] On April 18, a report appeared suggesting that Michael Dell used Ubuntu on one of his home systems.[137] On May 1, 2007, Dell announced it would ship the Ubuntu Linux distribution.[138] On May 24, 2007, Dell started selling models with Ubuntu Linux 7.04 pre-installed: a laptop, a budget computer, and a high-end PC.[139]

On June 27, 2007, Dell announced on its Direct2Dell blog that it planned to offer more pre-loaded systems (the new Dell Inspiron desktops and laptops). After the IdeaStorm site supported extending the bundles beyond the US market, Dell later announced more international marketing.[140] On August 7, 2007, Dell officially announced that it would offer one notebook and one desktop in the UK, France and Germany with Ubuntu "pre-installed". At LinuxWorld 2007 Dell announced plans to provide Novell's SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop on selected models in China, "factory-installed".[141] On November 30, 2007, Dell reported shipping 40,000 Ubuntu PCs.[142] On January 24, 2008, Dell in Germany, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom launched a second laptop, an XPS M1330 with Ubuntu 7.10, for 849 euro or GBP 599 upwards.[143] On February 18, 2008, Dell announced that the Inspiron 1525 would have Ubuntu as an optional operating system.[144] On February 22, 2008, Dell announced plans to sell Ubuntu in Canada and in Latin America[145] From September 16, 2008, Dell has shipped both Dell Ubuntu Netbook Remix and Windows XP Home versions of the Inspiron Mini 9 and the Inspiron Mini 12. As of November 2009 Dell shipped the Inspiron Mini laptops with Ubuntu version 8.04.[146]

As of 2021, Dell continues to offer select laptops and workstations with Ubuntu Linux pre-installed, under the "Developer Edition" moniker.[147]


List of Dell marketing slogans

  • Be direct (1998-2001)
  • Easy as Dell (2001-2004)
  • Get more out of now (2004–2005)
  • It's a Dell (2005-2006)
  • Dell. Purely You (2006–2007)
  • Yours is Here (2007–2011)
  • The power to do more (2011–present)[148]

Senior leadership

List of chairmen

  1. Michael Dell (1984– )

List of chief executives

  1. Michael Dell (1984–2004)
  2. Kevin Rollins (2004–2007)
  3. Michael Dell (2007–present); second term

Acquisitions

Further information: List of Dell ownership activities
List of companies acquired by Dell Inc.
Company acquired Date of acquisition Company notes References
Alienware 2006 Manufacturer of high-end PCs for gamers [149][150][151]
EqualLogic January 28, 2008 Acquired to gain a foothold in the iSCSI storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company drove manufacturing prices down [152][153][154]
Perot Systems 2009 Perot Systems was a technology services and outsourcing company, mainly active in the health sector, founded by former presidential hopeful H. Ross Perot. The acquired business provided Dell with applications development, systems integration, and strategic consulting services through its operations in the US and 10 other countries. In addition, the acquisition of Perot brought a variety of business process outsourcing services, including claims processing and call center operations. [155][156][157]
KACE Networks February 10, 2010 KACE Networks was a leader in systems management appliances. [158]
Boomi November 2, 2010 Cloud integration leader [159]
Compellent February 2011 The acquisition extended Dell's storage solution[buzzword] portfolio. [160]
Force10 networks August 2011 By acquiring this company Dell now has the full Intellectual property for their networking portfolio, which was lacking on the Dell PowerConnect range as these products are powered by Broadcom or Marvell IM. [161]
AppAssure Software February 24, 2012 Dell acquired the backup and disaster recovery software solution provider out of Reston, VA. AppAssure delivered 194 percent revenue growth in 2011 and over 3500% growth in the prior three years. AppAssure supported physical servers and VMware, Hyper-V and XenServer. The deal represents the first acquisition since Dell formed its software division under former CA CEO John Swainson. Dell added that it will keep AppAssure's 230 employees and invest in the company. [162]
SonicWall May 9, 2012 A company with 130 patents, SonicWall develops security products, and is a network and data security provider. [163][164]
Wyse April 2, 2012 A global market-leader for thin client systems. [162][165]
Clerity Solutions April 3, 2012 Clerity, a company offering services for application (re)hosting, was formed in 1994 and has it headquarters in Chicago. At the time of the take-over approximately 70 people were working for the company. [162][166]
Quest Software September 28, 2012 [167][168][169][170]
Gale Technologies November 16, 2012 A provider of infrastructure automation products. Gale Technologies was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. [171]
Credant Technologies December 18, 2012 A provider of storage protection solutions. Credant is the 19th acquisition in four years, as Dell had spent $13 billion on acquisitions since 2008 and $5 billion in the past year alone. [172][173]
StatSoft March 24, 2014 A global provider of analytics software, in order to bolster its big data solutions offering. [174]

Dell facilities

Dell's headquarters is located in Round Rock, Texas.[175] As of 2013 the company employed about 14,000 people in central Texas and was the region's largest private employer,[176] which has 2,100,000 square feet (200,000 m2) of space.[177] As of 1999 almost half of the general fund of the city of Round Rock originated from sales taxes generated from the Dell headquarters.[178]

Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas.[179][180] In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex.[181] In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters.[179] In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters.[182] In 1994, Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum. The top floor continued to hold Dell's board room, demonstration center, and visitor meeting room. Less than one month prior to August 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock.[183] Dell's lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994.[184]

 
The company sponsors Dell Diamond, the home stadium of the Round Rock Express, the AAA minor league baseball affiliate of the Texas Rangers major league baseball team.

By 1996, Dell was moving its headquarters to Round Rock.[185] As of January 1996, 3,500 people still worked at the current Dell headquarters. One building of the Round Rock headquarters, Round Rock 3, had space for 6,400 employees and was scheduled to be completed in November 1996.[186] In 1998 Dell announced that it was going to add two buildings to its Round Rock complex, adding 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 m2) of office space to the complex.[187]

In 2000, Dell announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) of space in the Las Cimas office complex in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, between Austin and West Lake Hills, to house the company's executive offices and corporate headquarters. 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000.[188] In January 2001, the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2, located along Loop 360. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and some corporate functions. Dell also had an option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m2) of space in Las Cimas 3.[189] After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex.[190] In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant; the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured.[189] By 2003, Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a total of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m2), for about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants.[191]

In 2008, Dell switched the power sources of the Round Rock headquarters to more environmentally friendly ones, with 60% of the total power coming from TXU Energy wind farms and 40% coming from the Austin Community Landfill gas-to-energy plant operated by Waste Management, Inc.[177]

Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines[192] Chennai, India;[193] Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland;[194] Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; Casablanca, Morocco and Montpellier, France.

The US and India are the only countries that have all Dell's business functions and provide support globally: research and development, manufacturing, finance, analysis, and customer care.[195]

Manufacturing

From its early beginnings, Dell operated as a pioneer in the "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. In contrast, most PC manufacturers in those times delivered large orders to intermediaries on a quarterly basis.[196]

To minimize the delay between purchase and delivery, Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products close to its customers. This also allows for implementing a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimizes inventory costs. Low inventory is another signature of the Dell business model—a critical consideration in an industry where components depreciate very rapidly.[197]

Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out the manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house.[198] The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants.[199] By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.[60]

Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas, (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee, (opened in 1999), which were closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, opened in 2005 but ceased operations in November 2010.[64][65] Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's US plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas.[60]

Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010.[200] European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland.[201] European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, later occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[citation needed] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[when?] contains only offices).[202] Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time.[203] After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except[204] Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland, plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain.[205] Dell started production at EMF4 in Łódź, Poland, in late 2007.[206]

Dell moved desktop, notebook and PowerEdge server manufacturing for the South American market from the Eldorado do Sul plant opened in 1999, to a new plant in Hortolândia, Brazil, in 2007.[207]

Products

Scope and brands

 
Dell's tagline "Yours is Here", as seen at their Mall of Asia branch in Pasay, Philippines

The corporation markets specific brand names to different market segments.

Its Business/Corporate class includes:

Dell's Home Office/Consumer class includes:

  • Inspiron (budget desktop and notebook computers)
  • XPS (high-end desktop and notebook computers)
  • G Series (high/medium-performance gaming laptops)
  • Alienware (high-performance gaming systems)
  • Venue (Tablets Android / Windows)

Dell's Peripherals class includes USB keydrives, LCD televisions, and printers; Dell monitors includes LCD TVs, plasma TVs and projectors for HDTV and monitors. Dell UltraSharp is further a high-end brand of monitors.

Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007[209]), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers).

Discontinued products and brands include Axim (PDA; discontinued April 9, 2007),[210] Dimension (home and small office desktop computers; discontinued July 2007), Dell Digital Jukebox (MP3 player; discontinued August 2006), Dell PowerApp (application-based servers), Dell Optiplex (desktop and tower computers previously supported to run server and desktop operating systems), Dell Unix (an SVR4-based Unix operating system for its Dell-branded PCs and workstations; discontinued in 1993) and Dell Mobile Connect（Windows Mobile application; discontinued July 31st, 2022).[211]

Security

Self-signed root certificate

In November 2015, it emerged that several Dell computers had shipped with an identical pre-installed root certificate known as "eDellRoot".[212] This raised such security risks as attackers impersonating HTTPS-protected websites such as Google and Bank of America and malware being signed with the certificate to bypass Microsoft software filtering.[212] Dell apologized and offered a removal tool.[213]

Dell Foundation Services

Also in November 2015, a researcher discovered that customers with diagnostic program Dell Foundation Services could be digitally tracked using the unique service tag number assigned to them by the program.[214] This was possible even if a customer enabled private browsing and deleted their browser cookies.[214] Ars Technica recommended that Dell customers uninstall the program until the issue was addressed.[214]

Commercial aspects

Organization

The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including the nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.[citation needed]

Day-to-day operations of the company are run by the Global Executive Management Committee, which sets strategic direction. Dell has regional senior vice-presidents for countries other than the United States.[citation needed]

Marketing

Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs, and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.[215]

A popular United States television and print ad campaign in the early 2000s featured the actor Ben Curtis playing the part of "Steven", a lightly mischievous blond-haired youth who came to the assistance of bereft computer purchasers. Each television advertisement usually ended with Steven's catch-phrase: "Dude, you're gettin' a Dell!"[216]

A subsequent advertising campaign featured interns at Dell headquarters (with Curtis' character appearing in a small cameo at the end of one of the first commercials in this particular campaign).

In 2007, Dell switched advertising agencies in the US from BBDO to Working Mother Media. In July 2007, Dell released new advertising created by Working Mother to support the Inspiron and XPS lines. The ads featured music from the Flaming Lips and Devo who re-formed especially to record the song in the ad "Work it Out". Also in 2007, Dell began using the slogan "Yours is here" to say that it customizes computers to fit customers' requirements.[217]

Beginning in 2011, Dell began hosting a conference in Austin, Texas, at the Austin Convention Center titled "Dell World". The event featured new technology and services provided by Dell and Dell's partners. In 2011, the event was held October 12–14.[218] In 2012, the event was held December 11–13.[219] In 2013, the event was held December 11–13.[220] In 2014, the event was held November 4–6.[221]

Dell partner program

In late 2007, Dell Inc. announced that it planned to expand its program to value-added resellers (VARs), giving it the official name of "Dell Partner Direct" and a new Website.[222]

Dell India has started Online Ecommerce website[223] with its Dell Partner www.compuindia.com GNG Electronics Pvt Ltd[224] termed as Dell Express Ship Affiliate(DESA). The main objective was to reduce the delivery time. Customers who visit Dell India official site are given the option to buy online which then will be redirected to Dell affiliate website compuindia.com.[195]

Global analytics

Dell also operates a captive analytics division which supports pricing, web analytics, and supply chain operations. DGA operates as a single, centralized entity with a global view of Dell's business activities. The firm supports over 500 internal customers worldwide and has created a quantified impact of over $500 million.[citation needed]

Criticisms of marketing of laptop security

In 2008, Dell received press coverage over its claim of having the world's most secure laptops, specifically, its Latitude D630 and Latitude D830.[225] At Lenovo's request, the (US) National Advertising Division (NAD) evaluated the claim, and reported that Dell did not have enough evidence to support it.[226]

Retail

Dell first opened their retail stores in India.[195]

United States

In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the US. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the US once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the US, and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the US, became Dell retail partners later that same year.

Kiosks

Starting in 2002, Dell opened kiosk locations in the United States to allow customers to examine products before buying them directly from the company. Starting in 2005, Dell expanded kiosk locations to include shopping malls across Australia, Canada, Singapore and Hong Kong. On January 30, 2008, Dell announced it would shut down all 140 kiosks in the US due to expansion into retail stores.[227] By June 3, 2010, Dell had also shut down all of its mall kiosks in Australia.[228]

Retail stores

As of the end of February 2008, Dell products shipped to one of the largest office supply retailers in Canada, Staples Business Depot. In April 2008, Future Shop and Best Buy began carrying a subset of Dell products, such as certain desktops, laptops, printers, and monitors.

Since some shoppers in certain markets show reluctance to purchase technological products through the phone or the Internet, Dell has looked into opening retail operations in some countries in Central Europe and Russia. In April 2007, Dell opened a retail store in Budapest. In October of the same year, Dell opened a retail store in Moscow.

In the UK, HMV's flagship Trocadero store has sold Dell XPS PCs since December 2007. From January 2008 the UK stores of DSGi have sold Dell products (in particular, through Currys and PC World stores). As of 2008, the large supermarket chain Tesco has sold Dell laptops and desktops in outlets throughout the UK.

In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with the office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with the discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks—owned by Coles Group—reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009, Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centers throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010, Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program.

In Germany, Dell is selling selected smartphones and notebooks via Media Markt and Saturn, as well as some shopping websites.[229]

Competition

Dell's major competitors include Lenovo, Hewlett-Packard (HP), Hasee, Acer, Fujitsu, Toshiba, Gateway, Sony, Asus, MSI, Panasonic, Samsung and Apple. Dell and its subsidiary, Alienware, compete in the enthusiast market against AVADirect, Falcon Northwest, VoodooPC (a subsidiary of HP), and other manufacturers. In the second quarter of 2006, Dell had between 18% and 19% share of the worldwide personal computer market, compared to HP with roughly 15%.

In late 2006, Dell lost its lead in the PC business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units[230] worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated[231] that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

IDC reported that Dell lost more server market share than any of the top four competitors in that arena. IDC's Q4 2006 estimates show Dell's share of the server market at 8.1%, down from 9.5% in the previous year. This represents an 8.8% loss year-over-year, primarily to competitors EMC and IBM. As of 2021, Dell is the third-largest PC manufacturer after Lenovo and HP.[232]

Partnership with EMC

In 2001, Dell and EMC entered into a partnership whereby both companies jointly design products, and Dell provided support for certain EMC products including midrange storage systems, such as fibre channel and iSCSI storage area networks. The relationship also promotes and sells OEM versions of backup, recovery, replication and archiving software.[233] On December 9, 2008, Dell and EMC announced the multi-year extension, through 2013, of the strategic partnership with EMC. In addition, Dell expanded its product lineup by adding the EMC Celerra NX4 storage system to the portfolio of Dell/EMC family of networked storage systems and partnered on a new line of data deduplication products as part of its TierDisk family of data storage devices.[234]

On October 17, 2011, Dell discontinued reselling all EMC storage products, ending the partnership 2 years early.[235][236] Later Dell would acquire and merge with EMC in the largest tech merger to date.

Environmental record

Dell committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with the 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year.[237] It is listed in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green their products are. In November 2011, Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics makers (increasing its score to 5.1 from 4.9, which it gained in the previous ranking from October 2010).[238]

Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products.[239] In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell's founder and CEO Michael Dell to "drop the toxics" and claiming that Dell's aspiration to be 'the greenest technology company on the planet'[240] was "hypocritical".[241] Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.[242]

In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals, the Enough Project rated Dell the eighth-highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.[243]

Green initiatives

Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006.[244] On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote producer responsibility.[245] On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier.[246]

On June 5, 2007, Dell set a goal of becoming the greenest technology company on Earth for the long term.[247] The company launched a zero-carbon initiative that includes:

  1. reducing Dell's carbon intensity by 15 percent by 2012
  2. requiring primary suppliers to report carbon emissions data during quarterly business reviews
  3. partnering with customers to build the "greenest PC on the planet"
  4. expanding the company's carbon-offsetting program, "Plant a Tree for Me"

Dell reports its environmental performance in an annual Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report that follows the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) protocol. Dell's 2008 CSR report ranked as "Application Level B" as "checked by GRI".[248]

The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through an energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs.[citation needed]

Criticism

See also: Lawsuits involving Dell Inc.

In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell remains secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).[249][250]

In 2005, complaints about Dell more than doubled to 1,533, after earnings grew 52% that year.[251]

In 2006, Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service. Issues included call transfers[252] of more than 45% of calls and long wait times. Dell's blog detailed the response: "We're spending more than a $100 million—and a lot of blood, sweat, and tears of talented people—to fix this."[253] Later in the year, the company increased its spending on customer service to $150 million.[254] Since 2018, Dell has seen significant increase in consumer satisfaction. Moreover, their customer service has been praised for its prompt and accurate answers to most questions, especially those directed to their social media support.[255][256]

On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share.[257] The investigation, begun in November 2006, resulted from concerns raised by the US Securities and Exchange Commission over some documents and information that Dell Inc. had submitted.[258] It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from Intel for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer AMD. In 2010 Dell finally paid $100 million to settle the SEC's charges of fraud. Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions, without admitting or denying the charges.[259]

In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honor a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website. In the first instance, Dell offered a 19" LCD panel for $15. In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than the usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900). Concerning the E4300, rather than honor the discount taking a significant loss, the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT$20,000 (US$625) a customer in compensation. The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT$1 million (US$31250) for customer rights infringements. Many consumers sued the firm for unfair compensation. A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price.[260] The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes, as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice in Taiwanese website within 3 weeks.[261]

After Michael Dell made a $24.4 billion buyout bid in August 2013, activist shareholder Carl Icahn sued the company and its board in an attempt to derail the bid and promote his own forthcoming offer.[262]

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including BYD, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[263]

See also

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Further reading

  • Dell Company Information
  • Michael Dell, Catherine Fredman, Direct From Dell, ISBN 0-88730-914-3
  • Serwer, Andy (November 28, 2005). "Dell's Midlife Crisis". Fortune. pp. 63–66.
  • Dell as the seventh-most-admired computer company in the USA, eighth overall, and seventh worldwide. Fortune, Most Admired Companies 2006.
  • BBC News, August 21, 2003, Dell makes grab for market share
  • USA Today, January 20, 2001, Dell business model turns to muscle as rivals struggle
  • Ubuntu Forums, June 7, 2007,

External links

 
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  • Official website

March 19, 2023
dell, dell, redirect, here, parent, company, technologies, other, uses, disambiguation, american, based, technology, company, develops, sells, repairs, supports, computers, related, products, services, owned, parent, company, technologies, logo, since, 2016hea. DELL and Dell Inc redirect here For its parent company see Dell Technologies For other uses see Dell disambiguation Dell Inc is an American based technology company It develops sells repairs and supports computers and related products and services Dell is owned by its parent company Dell Technologies 4 5 Dell Inc Logo since 2016Headquarters in Round Rock TexasFormerlyPC s Limited 1984 1987 Dell Computer Corporation 1987 2003 TypeSubsidiaryIndustryComputer hardwareComputer softwareFoundedFebruary 1 1984 39 years ago 1984 02 01 FounderMichael DellHeadquartersRound Rock Texas US 1 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleMichael Dell chairman amp CEO ProductsPersonal computersServersPeripheralRevenueUS 101 6 billion FY 2022 2 Number of employees133 000 3 ParentDell TechnologiesWebsitewww wbr dell wbr comDell sells personal computers PCs servers data storage devices network switches software computer peripherals HDTVs cameras printers and electronics built by other manufacturers The company is known for how it manages its supply chain and electronic commerce This includes Dell selling directly to customers and delivering PCs that the customer wants 6 5 Dell was a pure hardware vendor until 2009 when it acquired Perot Systems Dell then entered the market for IT services The company has expanded storage and networking systems It is now expanding from offering computers only to delivering a range of technology for enterprise customers 7 8 Dell is a publicly traded company Nasdaq DELL as well as a component of the NASDAQ 100 and S amp P 500 It is the 3rd largest personal computer vendor as of January 2021 9 10 Dell is ranked 31st on the Fortune 500 list in 2022 11 up from 76th in 2021 12 It is also the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue according to Fortune magazine It is the second largest non oil company in Texas 13 14 In 2015 Dell acquired the enterprise technology firm EMC Corporation Dell and EMC became divisions of Dell Technologies Dell EMC sells data storage information security virtualization analytics and cloud computing 15 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and start up 1 2 Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s 1 3 Key events 1 3 1 SEC investigation 1 3 2 Michael Dell resumes CEO role 1 4 Dell 2 0 and downsizing 1 5 Attempts at diversification 1 6 2013 buyout 1 7 Recent history 1 7 1 Acquisition of EMC 1 8 Dell and AMD 1 9 Dell and desktop Linux 2 List of Dell marketing slogans 3 Senior leadership 3 1 List of chairmen 3 2 List of chief executives 4 Acquisitions 5 Dell facilities 5 1 Manufacturing 6 Products 6 1 Scope and brands 7 Security 7 1 Self signed root certificate 7 2 Dell Foundation Services 8 Commercial aspects 8 1 Organization 8 2 Marketing 8 2 1 Dell partner program 8 2 2 Global analytics 8 2 3 Criticisms of marketing of laptop security 8 3 Retail 8 3 1 United States 8 3 1 1 Kiosks 8 3 2 Retail stores 8 4 Competition 8 5 Partnership with EMC 9 Environmental record 9 1 Green initiatives 10 Criticism 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksHistory Edit Michael Dell founder Dell s first logo from 1987 to 1989 Dell s former logo used from 1989 to 2010 Dell s logo used before the acquisition of EMC used from 2010 to 2016 continued to be used on some products until early 2018 Founding and start up Edit Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation doing business as PC s Limited in 1984 while a student at the University of Texas at Austin 16 Operating from Michael Dell s off campus dormitory room at Dobie Center 17 the start up aimed to sell IBM PC compatible computers built from stock components Michael Dell started trading in the belief that by selling personal computer systems directly to customers PC s Limited could better understand customers needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs 18 Michael Dell dropped out of college upon completion of his freshman year at the University of Texas at Austin in order to focus full time on his fledgling business after getting about 1 000 in expansion capital from his family 19 As of April 2021 Michael Dell s net worth was estimated to be over 50 billion 20 In 1985 the company produced the first computer of its own design the Turbo PC sold for US 795 21 containing an Intel 8088 compatible processor capable of running at a maximum speed of 6 66 MHz 22 PC s Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves Although not the first company to use this business model PC s Limited became one of the first to succeed with it The company grossed more than 73 million in its first year of trading The company dropped the PC s Limited name in 1987 to become Dell Computer Corporation and began expanding globally At the time the reasoning was this new company name better reflected its presence in the business market as well as resolved issues with the use of Limited in a company name in certain countries 23 The company set up its first international operations in Britain eleven more followed within the next four years In June 1988 Dell Computer s market capitalization grew by 30 million to 80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3 5 million shares at 8 50 a share 24 In 1989 Dell Computer set up its first on site service programs in order to compensate for the lack of local retailers prepared to act as service centers Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s Edit In 1990 Dell Computer tried selling its products indirectly through warehouse clubs and computer superstores but met with little success and the company re focused on its more successful direct to consumer sales model In 1992 Fortune included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the world s 500 largest companies making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company at that time In 1993 to complement its own direct sales channel Dell planned to sell PCs at big box retail outlets such as Wal Mart which would have brought in an additional 125 million in annual revenue Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals believing they would be money losers in the long run 25 Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994 26 Rollins would soon join Dell full time and eventually become the company president and CEO Originally Dell did not emphasize the consumer market due to the higher costs and low profit margins in selling to individuals and households this changed when the company s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997 19 While the industry s average selling price to individuals was going down Dell s was going up as second and third time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell Dell found an opportunity among PC savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct customizing their PC to their means and having it delivered in days In early 1997 Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users 26 From 1997 to 2004 Dell steadily grew and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps During the same period rival PC vendors such as Compaq Gateway IBM Packard Bell and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out 27 Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999 Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell s 35 billion in revenue in 2002 compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett Packard 25 percent at Gateway and 46 percent at Cisco 28 In 2002 when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard the fourth place PC maker the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot for a time but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s 6 In 2002 Dell expanded its product line to include televisions handhelds digital audio players and printers Chairman and CEO Michael Dell had repeatedly blocked President and COO Kevin Rollins s attempt to lessen the company s heavy dependency on PCs which Rollins wanted to fix by acquiring EMC Corporation a move that would eventually occur over 12 years later 29 In 2003 at the annual company meeting the stockholders approved changing the company name to Dell Inc to recognize the company s expansion beyond computers 30 In 2004 the company announced that it would build a new assembly plant near Winston Salem North Carolina the city and county provided Dell with 37 2 million in incentive packages the state provided approximately 250 million in incentives and tax breaks In July Michael Dell stepped aside as chief executive officer while retaining his position as chairman of the board 31 Kevin Rollins who had held a number of executive posts at Dell became the new CEO Despite no longer holding the CEO title Dell essentially acted as a de facto co CEO with Rollins 29 Under Rollins Dell purchased the computer hardware manufacturer Alienware in 2006 Dell Inc s plan anticipated Alienware continuing to operate independently under its existing management Alienware expected to benefit from Dell s efficient manufacturing system 32 Key events Edit In 2005 while earnings and sales continued to rise sales growth slowed considerably and the company stock lost 25 of its value that year 33 By June 2006 the stock traded around US 25 which was 40 down from July 2005 the high water mark of the company in the post dotcom era 34 35 The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market which constituted 66 of Dell s sales and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non PC business segments such as storage services and servers Dell s price advantage was tied to its ultra lean manufacturing for desktop PCs 36 but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company s supply chain and as competitors such as Hewlett Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell weakening Dell s traditional price differentiation 37 Throughout the entire PC industry declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory As a result the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before which eroded profit margins 27 The laptop segment had become the fastest growing of the PC market but Dell produced low cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell s manufacturing cost advantages plus Dell s reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores 3 34 CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded 36 Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments Dell was heavily dependent on US corporate PC market as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses and sixty four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America according to its 2006 third quarter results US shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking and the corporate PC market which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems The last cycle started around 2002 three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft s Windows Vista expected in early 2007 putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008 38 39 Heavily dependent on PCs Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes while demanding deep cuts from suppliers 29 Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years 39 yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first Dell s rivals in the PC industry HP Gateway and Acer had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift 40 The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell s attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat panel TVs and MP3 players 36 Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks plus quasi retail stores in Texas and New York 38 Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices instead of being an innovator 29 40 41 By the mid 2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector Dell s low spending on R amp D relative to its revenue compared to IBM Hewlett Packard and Apple Inc which worked well in the commoditized PC market prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments such as MP3 players and later mobile devices 33 Increasing spending on R amp D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized 6 Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix and match layers in the 1980s but by the mid 2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver an end to end IT product and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett Packard and Oracle 37 Dell s reputation for poor customer service since 2002 which was exacerbated as it moved call centers offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure came under increasing scrutiny on the Web The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same line up sold for hundreds citation needed Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from the head of manufacturing to head of customer service Hunter who noted that Dell s DNA of cost cutting got in the way aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call By 2006 Dell had spent 100 million in just a few months to improve on this and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly In July 2006 the company started its Direct2Dell blog and then in February 2007 Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm com asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional bloatware on PCs These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49 to 22 as well as reduce the Dell Hell prominent on Internet search engines 34 42 There was also criticism that Dell used faulty components for its PCs particularly the 11 8 million OptiPlex desktop computers sold to businesses and governments from May 2003 to July 2005 that suffered from faulty capacitors 43 A battery recall in August 2006 as a result of a Dell laptop catching fire caused much negative attention for the company though later Sony was found responsible for the manufacturing of the batteries however spokesman for Sony Yoshikazu Ochiai said the problem concerned the combination of the battery with a charger which is specific to Dell in this case 44 2006 marked the first year that Dell s growth was slower than the PC industry as a whole By the fourth quarter of 2006 Dell lost its title of the largest PC manufacturer to rival Hewlett Packard whose Personal Systems Group was invigorated thanks to a restructuring initiated by their CEO Mark Hurd 33 45 46 SEC investigation Edit In August 2005 Dell became the subject of an informal investigation by the US SEC 47 In 2006 the company disclosed that the US Attorney for the Southern District of New York had subpoenaed documents related to the company s financial reporting dating back to 2002 48 The company delayed filing financial reports for the third and fourth fiscal quarter of 2006 and several class action lawsuits were filed 49 Dell Inc s failure to file its quarterly earnings report could have subjected the company to de listing from the NASDAQ 50 but the exchange granted Dell a waiver allowing the stock to trade normally 51 In August 2007 the Company announced that it would restate its earnings for fiscal years 2003 through 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 after an internal audit found that certain employees had changed corporate account balances to meet quarterly financial targets 52 In July 2010 the SEC announced charges against several senior Dell executives including Dell Chairman and CEO Michael Dell former CEO Kevin Rollins and former CFO James Schneider with failing to disclose material information to investors and using fraudulent accounting to make it falsely appear that the company was consistently meeting Wall Street earnings targets and reducing its operating expenses Dell inc was fined 100 million with Michael Dell personally fined 4 million 53 Michael Dell resumes CEO role Edit After four out of five quarterly earnings reports were below expectations Rollins resigned as president and CEO on January 31 2007 and founder Michael Dell assumed the role of CEO again 54 On March 1 2007 the company issued a preliminary quarterly earnings report showing gross sales of 14 4 billion down 5 year over year and net income of 687 million 30 cents per share down 33 Net earnings would have declined even more if not for the effects of eliminated employee bonuses which accounted for six cents per share NASDAQ extended the company s deadline for filing financials to May 4 55 Dell 2 0 and downsizing Edit Dell announced a change campaign called Dell 2 0 reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company s products 40 56 While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins years as CEO With the return of Michael Dell as CEO the company saw changes in operations the exodus of many senior vice presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company 38 Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans part of the Dell 2 0 initiative to improve the company s financial performance These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12 and reduction of bureaucracy Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices 57 On April 23 2008 Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call centers in Kanata Ontario terminating approximately 1100 employees with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer The call center had opened in 2006 after the city of Ottawa won a bid to host it Less than a year later Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3 000 workers add a new building These plans were reversed due to a high Canadian dollar that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive and also as part of Dell s turnaround which involved moving these call center jobs offshore to cut costs 58 The company had also announced the shutdown of its Edmonton Alberta office losing 900 jobs In total Dell announced the ending of about 8 800 jobs in 2007 2008 10 of its workforce 59 By the late 2000s Dell s configure to order approach of manufacturing delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low cost commodities 5 60 Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin Texas original location 61 62 and Lebanon Tennessee opened in 1999 in 2008 and early 2009 respectively The desktop production plant in Winston Salem North Carolina received US 280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005 but ceased operations in November 2010 Dell s contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife 63 64 65 Much work was transferred to manufacturers in Asia and Mexico or some of Dell s own factories overseas 60 On January 8 2009 Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick Ireland with the loss of 1 900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Lodz in Poland 66 Attempts at diversification Edit The release of Apple s iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs Dell s own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets whether running Windows or Google Android 67 68 The Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS numerous bugs and low resolution screen InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short term low investment opportunity running Google Android an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers 69 70 Dell has responded by pushing higher end PCs such as the XPS line of notebooks which do not compete with the Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets 71 The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell s consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012 In December 2012 Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years despite the introduction of Windows 8 72 In the shrinking PC industry Dell continued to lose market share as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo Asus and Acer all of which had lower production costs and were willing to accept lower profit margins In addition while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design for instance Lenovo s ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell s laptops Dell s customer service and reputation had been slipping 73 74 Dell remained the second most profitable PC vendor as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012 behind Apple s Mac that took 45 percent seven percent at Hewlett Packard six percent at Lenovo and Asus and one percent for Acer 75 Dell attempted to offset its declining PC business which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow 76 by expanding into the enterprise market with servers networking software and services 77 It avoided many of the acquisition write downs and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard 68 78 Despite spending 13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware 8 the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post PC world 78 as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price 79 80 81 82 Dell s market share in the corporate segment was previously a moat against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously 83 2013 buyout Edit After several weeks of rumors which started around January 11 2013 Dell announced on February 5 2013 that it had struck a 24 4 billion leveraged buyout deal that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private 84 85 86 Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners aided by a 2 billion loan from Microsoft would acquire the public shares at 13 65 apiece 87 The 24 4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis 88 It is also the largest technology buyout ever surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for 17 5 billion 88 The founder of Dell Michael Dell said of the February offer I believe this transaction will open an exciting new chapter for Dell our customers and team members 89 Dell rival Lenovo responded to the buyout saying the financial actions of some of our traditional competitors will not substantially change our outlook 89 In March 2013 the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell 90 In April 2013 Blackstone withdrew their offer citing deteriorating business 91 92 Other private equity firms such as KKR amp Co and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures so the wide open bidding war never materialized 8 Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an exit strategy to profit from its investment which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again and one warned But even if you can get a 25bn enterprise value for Dell it will take years to get out 93 In May 2013 Dell joined his board in voting for his offer 94 The following August he reached a deal with the special committee on the board for 13 88 a raised price of 13 75 plus a special dividend of 13 cents per share as well as a change to the voting rules 95 The 13 88 cash offer plus a 08 per share dividend for the third fiscal quarter was accepted on September 12 96 and closed on October 30 2013 ending Dell s 25 year run as a publicly traded company After the buyout the newly private Dell offered a Voluntary Separation Program that they expected to reduce their workforce by up to seven percent The reception to the program so exceeded the expectations that Dell may be forced to hire new staff to make up for the losses 97 Recent history Edit On November 19 2015 Dell alongside ARM Holdings Cisco Systems Intel Microsoft and Princeton University founded the OpenFog Consortium to promote interests and development in fog computing 98 Acquisition of EMC Edit On October 12 2015 Dell Inc announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation in a cash and stock deal valued at 67 billion which has been considered the largest ever acquisition in the technology sector 99 100 As part of the acquisition Dell would take over EMC s 81 stake in the cloud computing and virtualization company VMWare 101 This would combine Dell s enterprise server personal computer and mobile businesses with EMC s enterprise storage business in a significant Vertical merger of IT giants Dell would pay 24 05 per share of EMC and 9 05 per share of tracking stock in VMware 102 103 100 The announcement came two years after Dell Inc returned to private ownership claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business 104 It s thought that the company s value has roughly doubled since then 105 EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management a hedge fund holding 2 2 of EMC s stock to reorganize their unusual Federation structure in which EMC s divisions were effectively being run as independent companies Elliott argued 106 this structure deeply undervalued EMC s core EMC II data storage business and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of 27 3 billion from personal computers and 8 9bn from servers while EMC had 16 5bn from EMC II 1bn from RSA Security 6bn from VMware and 230 million from Pivotal Software 107 EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware 108 The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company held via a new tracking stock while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell 109 Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results having ceased these on going private in 2013 110 The combined business was expected to address the markets for scale out architecture converged infrastructure and private cloud computing playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell 107 111 Commentators have questioned the deal with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a ton of sense for Dell it s a nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies for EMC 112 Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC s portfolio but does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package Probably not 113 The Register reported the view of William Blair amp Company that the merger would blow up the current IT chess board forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration 114 The value of VMware stock fell 10 after the announcement valuing the deal at around 63 64bn rather than the 67bn originally reported 115 Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore s Temasek Holdings and Silver Lake Partners 116 On September 7 2016 Dell Inc completed the merger with EMC Corp which involved the issuance of 45 9 billion in debt and 4 4 billion common stock 117 118 At the time some analysts claimed that Dell s acquisition of the former Iomega could harm the LenovoEMC partnership 119 In July 2018 Dell announced intentions to become a publicly traded company again by paying 21 7 billion in both cash and stock to buy back shares from its stake in VMware offering shareholders roughly 60 cents on the dollar as part of the deal 120 101 In November Carl Icahn 9 3 owner of Dell sued the company over plans to go public 121 As a result of pressure from Icahn and other activist investors Dell renegotiated the deal ultimately offering shareholders about 80 of market value As part of this deal Dell once again became a public company with the original Dell computer business and Dell EMC operating under the newly created parent Dell Technologies 101 Post acquisition Dell was re organized with a new parent company Dell Technologies Dell s consumer and workstation businesses are internally referred to as the Dell Client Solutions Group and is one of the company s three main business divisions alongside Dell EMC and VMware 122 123 124 In January 2021 Dell reported 94 billion in sales and 13 billion operating cash flow during 2020 101 Dell and AMD Edit When Dell acquired Alienware early in 2006 some Alienware systems had AMD chips On August 17 2006 a Dell press release 125 stated that starting in September Dell Dimension desktop computers would have AMD processors and that later in the year Dell would release a two socket quad processor server using AMD Opteron chips moving away from Dell s tradition of only offering Intel processors in Dell PCs CNet s News com on August 17 2006 cited Dell s CEO Kevin Rollins as attributing the move to AMD processors to lower costs and to AMD technology 126 AMD s senior VP in commercial business Marty Seyer stated Dell s wider embrace of AMD processor based offerings is a win for Dell for the industry and most importantly for Dell customers On October 23 2006 Dell announced new AMD based servers the PowerEdge 6950 and the PowerEdge SC1435 On November 1 2006 Dell s website began offering notebooks based on AMD processors the Inspiron 1501 with a 15 4 inch 390 mm display with the choice of a single core MK 36 processor dual core Turion X2 chips or Mobile Sempron 127 In 2017 Dell released the AlienWare 17 The model was primarily based on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 systems 128 Dell and desktop Linux Edit In 1998 Ralph Nader asked Dell and five other major OEMs to offer alternate operating systems to Microsoft Windows specifically including Linux for which there is clearly a growing interest 129 130 Possibly coincidentally Dell started offering Linux notebook systems that cost no more than their Windows 98 counterparts in 2000 131 and soon expanded with Dell becoming the first major manufacturer to offer Linux across its full product line 132 However by early 2001 Dell had disbanded its Linux business unit 133 On February 26 2007 Dell announced that it had commenced a program to sell and distribute a range of computers with pre installed Linux distributions as an alternative to Microsoft Windows Dell indicated that Novell s SUSE Linux would appear first 134 However the next day Dell announced that its previous announcement related to certifying the hardware as ready to work with Novell SUSE Linux and that it Dell had no plans to sell systems pre installed with Linux in the near future 135 On March 28 2007 Dell announced that it would begin shipping some desktops and laptops with Linux pre installed although it did not specify which distribution of Linux or which hardware would lead 136 On April 18 a report appeared suggesting that Michael Dell used Ubuntu on one of his home systems 137 On May 1 2007 Dell announced it would ship the Ubuntu Linux distribution 138 On May 24 2007 Dell started selling models with Ubuntu Linux 7 04 pre installed a laptop a budget computer and a high end PC 139 On June 27 2007 Dell announced on its Direct2Dell blog that it planned to offer more pre loaded systems the new Dell Inspiron desktops and laptops After the IdeaStorm site supported extending the bundles beyond the US market Dell later announced more international marketing 140 On August 7 2007 Dell officially announced that it would offer one notebook and one desktop in the UK France and Germany with Ubuntu pre installed At LinuxWorld 2007 Dell announced plans to provide Novell s SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop on selected models in China factory installed 141 On November 30 2007 Dell reported shipping 40 000 Ubuntu PCs 142 On January 24 2008 Dell in Germany Spain France and the United Kingdom launched a second laptop an XPS M1330 with Ubuntu 7 10 for 849 euro or GBP 599 upwards 143 On February 18 2008 Dell announced that the Inspiron 1525 would have Ubuntu as an optional operating system 144 On February 22 2008 Dell announced plans to sell Ubuntu in Canada and in Latin America 145 From September 16 2008 Dell has shipped both Dell Ubuntu Netbook Remix and Windows XP Home versions of the Inspiron Mini 9 and the Inspiron Mini 12 As of November 2009 update Dell shipped the Inspiron Mini laptops with Ubuntu version 8 04 146 As of 2021 Dell continues to offer select laptops and workstations with Ubuntu Linux pre installed under the Developer Edition moniker 147 List of Dell marketing slogans EditBe direct 1998 2001 Easy as Dell 2001 2004 Get more out of now 2004 2005 It s a Dell 2005 2006 Dell Purely You 2006 2007 Yours is Here 2007 2011 The power to do more 2011 present 148 Senior leadership EditList of chairmen Edit Michael Dell 1984 List of chief executives Edit Michael Dell 1984 2004 Kevin Rollins 2004 2007 Michael Dell 2007 present second termAcquisitions EditFurther information List of Dell ownership activities List of companies acquired by Dell Inc Company acquired Date of acquisition Company notes ReferencesAlienware 2006 Manufacturer of high end PCs for gamers 149 150 151 EqualLogic January 28 2008 Acquired to gain a foothold in the iSCSI storage market Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing process integrating EqualLogic s products into the company drove manufacturing prices down 152 153 154 Perot Systems 2009 Perot Systems was a technology services and outsourcing company mainly active in the health sector founded by former presidential hopeful H Ross Perot The acquired business provided Dell with applications development systems integration and strategic consulting services through its operations in the US and 10 other countries In addition the acquisition of Perot brought a variety of business process outsourcing services including claims processing and call center operations 155 156 157 KACE Networks February 10 2010 KACE Networks was a leader in systems management appliances 158 Boomi November 2 2010 Cloud integration leader 159 Compellent February 2011 The acquisition extended Dell s storage solution buzzword portfolio 160 Force10 networks August 2011 By acquiring this company Dell now has the full Intellectual property for their networking portfolio which was lacking on the Dell PowerConnect range as these products are powered by Broadcom or Marvell IM 161 AppAssure Software February 24 2012 Dell acquired the backup and disaster recovery software solution provider out of Reston VA AppAssure delivered 194 percent revenue growth in 2011 and over 3500 growth in the prior three years AppAssure supported physical servers and VMware Hyper V and XenServer The deal represents the first acquisition since Dell formed its software division under former CA CEO John Swainson Dell added that it will keep AppAssure s 230 employees and invest in the company 162 SonicWall May 9 2012 A company with 130 patents SonicWall develops security products and is a network and data security provider 163 164 Wyse April 2 2012 A global market leader for thin client systems 162 165 Clerity Solutions April 3 2012 Clerity a company offering services for application re hosting was formed in 1994 and has it headquarters in Chicago At the time of the take over approximately 70 people were working for the company 162 166 Quest Software September 28 2012 167 168 169 170 Gale Technologies November 16 2012 A provider of infrastructure automation products Gale Technologies was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara California 171 Credant Technologies December 18 2012 A provider of storage protection solutions Credant is the 19th acquisition in four years as Dell had spent 13 billion on acquisitions since 2008 and 5 billion in the past year alone 172 173 StatSoft March 24 2014 A global provider of analytics software in order to bolster its big data solutions offering 174 Dell facilities EditDell s headquarters is located in Round Rock Texas 175 As of 2013 update the company employed about 14 000 people in central Texas and was the region s largest private employer 176 which has 2 100 000 square feet 200 000 m2 of space 177 As of 1999 almost half of the general fund of the city of Round Rock originated from sales taxes generated from the Dell headquarters 178 Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin Texas 179 180 In 1989 Dell occupied 127 000 square feet 11 800 m2 in the Arboretum complex 181 In 1990 Dell had 1 200 employees in its headquarters 179 In 1993 Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials titled Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters Round Rock Texas May 1993 Schematic Design Despite the filing during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters 182 In 1994 Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company s official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum The top floor continued to hold Dell s board room demonstration center and visitor meeting room Less than one month prior to August 29 1994 Dell moved 1 100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock 183 Dell s lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994 184 The company sponsors Dell Diamond the home stadium of the Round Rock Express the AAA minor league baseball affiliate of the Texas Rangers major league baseball team By 1996 Dell was moving its headquarters to Round Rock 185 As of January 1996 3 500 people still worked at the current Dell headquarters One building of the Round Rock headquarters Round Rock 3 had space for 6 400 employees and was scheduled to be completed in November 1996 186 In 1998 Dell announced that it was going to add two buildings to its Round Rock complex adding 1 600 000 square feet 150 000 m2 of office space to the complex 187 In 2000 Dell announced that it would lease 80 000 square feet 7 400 m2 of space in the Las Cimas office complex in unincorporated Travis County Texas between Austin and West Lake Hills to house the company s executive offices and corporate headquarters 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000 188 In January 2001 the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2 located along Loop 360 Las Cimas 2 housed Dell s executives the investment operations and some corporate functions Dell also had an option for 138 000 square feet 12 800 m2 of space in Las Cimas 3 189 After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex 190 In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured 189 By 2003 Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock It leased all of Las Cimas I and II with a total of 312 000 square feet 29 000 m2 for about a seven year period after 2003 By that year roughly 100 000 square feet 9 300 m2 of that space was absorbed by new subtenants 191 In 2008 Dell switched the power sources of the Round Rock headquarters to more environmentally friendly ones with 60 of the total power coming from TXU Energy wind farms and 40 coming from the Austin Community Landfill gas to energy plant operated by Waste Management Inc 177 Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin Texas Nashua New Hampshire Nashville Tennessee Oklahoma City Oklahoma Peoria Illinois Hillsboro Oregon Portland area Winston Salem North Carolina Eden Prairie Minnesota Dell Compellent Bowling Green Kentucky Lincoln Nebraska and Miami Florida Facilities located abroad include Penang Malaysia Xiamen China Bracknell UK Manila Philippines 192 Chennai India 193 Hyderabad India Noida India Hortolandia and Porto Alegre Brazil Bratislava Slovakia Lodz Poland 194 Panama City Panama Dublin and Limerick Ireland Casablanca Morocco and Montpellier France The US and India are the only countries that have all Dell s business functions and provide support globally research and development manufacturing finance analysis and customer care 195 Manufacturing Edit From its early beginnings Dell operated as a pioneer in the configure to order approach to manufacturing delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications In contrast most PC manufacturers in those times delivered large orders to intermediaries on a quarterly basis 196 To minimize the delay between purchase and delivery Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products close to its customers This also allows for implementing a just in time JIT manufacturing approach which minimizes inventory costs Low inventory is another signature of the Dell business model a critical consideration in an industry where components depreciate very rapidly 197 Dell s manufacturing process covers assembly software installation functional testing including burn in and quality control Throughout most of the company s history Dell manufactured desktop machines in house and contracted out the manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in house 198 The company s approach has changed as cited in the 2006 Annual Report which states We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell their plants 199 By the late 2000s Dell s configure to order approach of manufacturing delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low cost commodities 60 Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin Texas original location and Lebanon Tennessee opened in 1999 which were closed in 2008 and early 2009 respectively The plant in Winston Salem North Carolina opened in 2005 but ceased operations in November 2010 64 65 Most of the work that used to take place in Dell s US plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico or some of Dell s own factories overseas The Miami Florida facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation while Dell continues to produce its servers its most profitable products in Austin Texas 60 Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland and once employed about 4 500 people in that country Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland s largest exporter of goods and its second largest company and foreign investor On January 8 2009 Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell s new plant in the Polish city of Lodz by January 2010 200 European Union officials said they would investigate a 52 7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland 201 European Manufacturing Facility 1 EMF1 opened in 1990 and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick EMF2 previously a Wang facility later occupied by Flextronics situated in Castletroy closed in 2002 citation needed and Dell Inc has consolidated production into EMF3 EMF1 now when contains only offices 202 Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time 203 After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales mainly UK amp Ireland support enterprise support for EMEA and research and development for cloud computing but no more manufacturing except 204 Dell s Alienware subsidiary which manufactures PCs in an Athlone Ireland plant Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain 205 Dell started production at EMF4 in Lodz Poland in late 2007 206 Dell moved desktop notebook and PowerEdge server manufacturing for the South American market from the Eldorado do Sul plant opened in 1999 to a new plant in Hortolandia Brazil in 2007 207 Products EditScope and brands Edit Dell s tagline Yours is Here as seen at their Mall of Asia branch in Pasay Philippines The corporation markets specific brand names to different market segments Its Business Corporate class includes OptiPlex office desktop computer systems Dimension home desktop computer systems Vostro office small business desktop and notebook systems n Series desktop and notebook computers shipped with Linux or FreeDOS installed Latitude business focused notebooks Precision workstation systems and high performance Mobile Workstation notebooks 208 PowerEdge business servers PowerVault direct attach and network attached storage Force10 network switches PowerConnect network switches Dell Compellent storage area networks EqualLogic enterprise class iSCSI SANs Dell EMR electronic medical records Dell s Home Office Consumer class includes Inspiron budget desktop and notebook computers XPS high end desktop and notebook computers G Series high medium performance gaming laptops Alienware high performance gaming systems Venue Tablets Android Windows Dell s Peripherals class includes USB keydrives LCD televisions and printers Dell monitors includes LCD TVs plasma TVs and projectors for HDTV and monitors Dell UltraSharp is further a high end brand of monitors Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station extended domestic support services previously Dell on Call Dell Support Center extended support services abroad Dell Business Support a commercial service contract that provides an industry certified technician with a lower call volume than in normal queues Dell Everdream Desktop Management Software as a Service remote desktop management originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk s cousin Lyndon Rive which Dell bought in 2007 209 and Your Tech Team a support queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell s website or through Dell phone centers Discontinued products and brands include Axim PDA discontinued April 9 2007 210 Dimension home and small office desktop computers discontinued July 2007 Dell Digital Jukebox MP3 player discontinued August 2006 Dell PowerApp application based servers Dell Optiplex desktop and tower computers previously supported to run server and desktop operating systems Dell Unix an SVR4 based Unix operating system for its Dell branded PCs and workstations discontinued in 1993 and Dell Mobile Connect Windows Mobile application discontinued July 31st 2022 211 Security EditSelf signed root certificate Edit In November 2015 it emerged that several Dell computers had shipped with an identical pre installed root certificate known as eDellRoot 212 This raised such security risks as attackers impersonating HTTPS protected websites such as Google and Bank of America and malware being signed with the certificate to bypass Microsoft software filtering 212 Dell apologized and offered a removal tool 213 Dell Foundation Services Edit Also in November 2015 a researcher discovered that customers with diagnostic program Dell Foundation Services could be digitally tracked using the unique service tag number assigned to them by the program 214 This was possible even if a customer enabled private browsing and deleted their browser cookies 214 Ars Technica recommended that Dell customers uninstall the program until the issue was addressed 214 Commercial aspects EditOrganization Edit The board consists of nine directors Michael Dell the founder of the company serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer Other board members include Don Carty Judy Lewent Klaus Luft Alex Mandl and Sam Nunn Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters These committees include the Audit Committee which handles accounting issues including auditing and reporting the Compensation Committee which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company the Finance Committee which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions the Governance and Nominating Committee which handles various corporate matters including the nomination of the board and the Antitrust Compliance Committee which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws citation needed Day to day operations of the company are run by the Global Executive Management Committee which sets strategic direction Dell has regional senior vice presidents for countries other than the United States citation needed Marketing Edit Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television the Internet magazines catalogs and newspapers Some of Dell Inc s marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year free bonus products such as Dell printers and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors In 2006 Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19 2 market share This also cut profit margins by more than half from 8 7 to 4 3 percent To maintain its low prices Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network and to move its customer care division to India and El Salvador 215 A popular United States television and print ad campaign in the early 2000s featured the actor Ben Curtis playing the part of Steven a lightly mischievous blond haired youth who came to the assistance of bereft computer purchasers Each television advertisement usually ended with Steven s catch phrase Dude you re gettin a Dell 216 A subsequent advertising campaign featured interns at Dell headquarters with Curtis character appearing in a small cameo at the end of one of the first commercials in this particular campaign In 2007 Dell switched advertising agencies in the US from BBDO to Working Mother Media In July 2007 Dell released new advertising created by Working Mother to support the Inspiron and XPS lines The ads featured music from the Flaming Lips and Devo who re formed especially to record the song in the ad Work it Out Also in 2007 Dell began using the slogan Yours is here to say that it customizes computers to fit customers requirements 217 Beginning in 2011 Dell began hosting a conference in Austin Texas at the Austin Convention Center titled Dell World The event featured new technology and services provided by Dell and Dell s partners In 2011 the event was held October 12 14 218 In 2012 the event was held December 11 13 219 In 2013 the event was held December 11 13 220 In 2014 the event was held November 4 6 221 Dell partner program Edit In late 2007 Dell Inc announced that it planned to expand its program to value added resellers VARs giving it the official name of Dell Partner Direct and a new Website 222 Dell India has started Online Ecommerce website 223 with its Dell Partner www compuindia com GNG Electronics Pvt Ltd 224 termed as Dell Express Ship Affiliate DESA The main objective was to reduce the delivery time Customers who visit Dell India official site are given the option to buy online which then will be redirected to Dell affiliate website compuindia com 195 Global analytics Edit Dell also operates a captive analytics division which supports pricing web analytics and supply chain operations DGA operates as a single centralized entity with a global view of Dell s business activities The firm supports over 500 internal customers worldwide and has created a quantified impact of over 500 million citation needed Criticisms of marketing of laptop security Edit In 2008 Dell received press coverage over its claim of having the world s most secure laptops specifically its Latitude D630 and Latitude D830 225 At Lenovo s request the US National Advertising Division NAD evaluated the claim and reported that Dell did not have enough evidence to support it 226 Retail Edit Dell first opened their retail stores in India 195 United States Edit In the early 1990s Dell sold its products through Best Buy Costco and Sam s Club stores in the United States Dell stopped this practice in 1994 citing low profit margins on the business exclusively distributing through a direct sales model for the next decade In 2003 Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the US In 2007 Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the US once again starting with Sam s Club and Wal Mart Staples the largest office supply retailer in the US and Best Buy the largest electronics retailer in the US became Dell retail partners later that same year Kiosks Edit Starting in 2002 Dell opened kiosk locations in the United States to allow customers to examine products before buying them directly from the company Starting in 2005 Dell expanded kiosk locations to include shopping malls across Australia Canada Singapore and Hong Kong On January 30 2008 Dell announced it would shut down all 140 kiosks in the US due to expansion into retail stores 227 By June 3 2010 Dell had also shut down all of its mall kiosks in Australia 228 Retail stores Edit As of the end of February 2008 update Dell products shipped to one of the largest office supply retailers in Canada Staples Business Depot In April 2008 Future Shop and Best Buy began carrying a subset of Dell products such as certain desktops laptops printers and monitors Since some shoppers in certain markets show reluctance to purchase technological products through the phone or the Internet Dell has looked into opening retail operations in some countries in Central Europe and Russia In April 2007 Dell opened a retail store in Budapest In October of the same year Dell opened a retail store in Moscow In the UK HMV s flagship Trocadero store has sold Dell XPS PCs since December 2007 From January 2008 the UK stores of DSGi have sold Dell products in particular through Currys and PC World stores As of 2008 the large supermarket chain Tesco has sold Dell laptops and desktops in outlets throughout the UK In May 2008 Dell reached an agreement with the office supply chain Officeworks part of Coles Group to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range These models have slightly different model numbers but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology another part of Coles Group in November of the same year In addition Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with the discount electrical retailer The Good Guys known for Slashing Prices Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008 Dell and Dick Smith Electronics owned by Woolworths Limited reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith s 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 1 year since Officeworks owned by Coles Group reached a deal The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range As of 2009 update Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centers throughout Australia On March 31 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian New Zealand Dell kiosk program In Germany Dell is selling selected smartphones and notebooks via Media Markt and Saturn as well as some shopping websites 229 Competition Edit Dell s major competitors include Lenovo Hewlett Packard HP Hasee Acer Fujitsu Toshiba Gateway Sony Asus MSI Panasonic Samsung and Apple Dell and its subsidiary Alienware compete in the enthusiast market against AVADirect Falcon Northwest VoodooPC a subsidiary of HP and other manufacturers In the second quarter of 2006 Dell had between 18 and 19 share of the worldwide personal computer market compared to HP with roughly 15 In late 2006 update Dell lost its lead in the PC business to Hewlett Packard Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006 HP shipped more units 230 worldwide than Dell did Dell s 3 6 growth paled in comparison to HP s 15 growth during the same period The problem got worse in the fourth quarter when Gartner estimated 231 that Dell PC shipments declined 8 9 versus HP s 23 9 growth As a result at the end of 2006 Dell s overall PC market share stood at 13 9 versus HP s 17 4 IDC reported that Dell lost more server market share than any of the top four competitors in that arena IDC s Q4 2006 estimates show Dell s share of the server market at 8 1 down from 9 5 in the previous year This represents an 8 8 loss year over year primarily to competitors EMC and IBM As of 2021 Dell is the third largest PC manufacturer after Lenovo and HP 232 Partnership with EMC Edit In 2001 Dell and EMC entered into a partnership whereby both companies jointly design products and Dell provided support for certain EMC products including midrange storage systems such as fibre channel and iSCSI storage area networks The relationship also promotes and sells OEM versions of backup recovery replication and archiving software 233 On December 9 2008 Dell and EMC announced the multi year extension through 2013 of the strategic partnership with EMC In addition Dell expanded its product lineup by adding the EMC Celerra NX4 storage system to the portfolio of Dell EMC family of networked storage systems and partnered on a new line of data deduplication products as part of its TierDisk family of data storage devices 234 On October 17 2011 Dell discontinued reselling all EMC storage products ending the partnership 2 years early 235 236 Later Dell would acquire and merge with EMC in the largest tech merger to date Environmental record EditDell committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40 by 2015 with the 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year 237 It is listed in Greenpeace s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability climate and energy and how green their products are In November 2011 Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics makers increasing its score to 5 1 from 4 9 which it gained in the previous ranking from October 2010 238 Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride PVC and brominated flame retardants BFRs which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009 It revised this commitment and now aims to remove toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products 239 In March 2010 Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell s founder and CEO Michael Dell to drop the toxics and claiming that Dell s aspiration to be the greenest technology company on the planet 240 was hypocritical 241 Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G Series monitors G2210 and G2410 in 2009 242 In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals the Enough Project rated Dell the eighth highest of 24 consumer electronics companies 243 Green initiatives Edit Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product recycling goal in 2004 and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling program in 2006 244 On February 6 2007 the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its Recycling Works award for efforts to promote producer responsibility 245 On July 19 2007 Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009 The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds nearly 40 000 tons of IT equipment from customers in 2006 a 93 percent increase over 2005 and 12 4 of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier 246 On June 5 2007 Dell set a goal of becoming the greenest technology company on Earth for the long term 247 The company launched a zero carbon initiative that includes reducing Dell s carbon intensity by 15 percent by 2012 requiring primary suppliers to report carbon emissions data during quarterly business reviews partnering with customers to build the greenest PC on the planet expanding the company s carbon offsetting program Plant a Tree for Me Dell reports its environmental performance in an annual Corporate Social Responsibility CSR Report that follows the Global Reporting Initiative GRI protocol Dell s 2008 CSR report ranked as Application Level B as checked by GRI 248 The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through an energy efficient evolution of products and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy efficiency programs citation needed Criticism EditSee also Lawsuits involving Dell Inc In the 1990s Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell compatible parts instead of commonly available parts While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003 Dell remains secretive about their motherboard pin outs for peripherals such as MMC readers and power on off switches and LEDs 249 250 In 2005 complaints about Dell more than doubled to 1 533 after earnings grew 52 that year 251 In 2006 Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service Issues included call transfers 252 of more than 45 of calls and long wait times Dell s blog detailed the response We re spending more than a 100 million and a lot of blood sweat and tears of talented people to fix this 253 Later in the year the company increased its spending on customer service to 150 million 254 Since 2018 Dell has seen significant increase in consumer satisfaction Moreover their customer service has been praised for its prompt and accurate answers to most questions especially those directed to their social media support 255 256 On August 17 2007 Dell Inc announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between 50 million and 150 million or 2 cents to 7 cents per share 257 The investigation begun in November 2006 resulted from concerns raised by the US Securities and Exchange Commission over some documents and information that Dell Inc had submitted 258 It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from Intel for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer AMD In 2010 Dell finally paid 100 million to settle the SEC s charges of fraud Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions without admitting or denying the charges 259 In July 2009 Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honor a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website In the first instance Dell offered a 19 LCD panel for 15 In the second instance Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT 18 558 US 580 70 lower than the usual price of NT 60 900 US 1900 Concerning the E4300 rather than honor the discount taking a significant loss the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT 20 000 US 625 a customer in compensation The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT 1 million US 31250 for customer rights infringements Many consumers sued the firm for unfair compensation A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT 490 000 US 15 120 less than a third of the normal price 260 The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice in Taiwanese website within 3 weeks 261 After Michael Dell made a 24 4 billion buyout bid in August 2013 activist shareholder Carl Icahn sued the company and its board in an attempt to derail the bid and promote his own forthcoming offer 262 In 2020 the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands including BYD of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang 263 See also Edit Companies portalList of computer system manufacturers List of Dell ownership activities Configurator Mass customizationReferences Edit Dell Company Profile Archived from the original on January 19 2012 Retrieved July 28 2010 Dell Technologies company profile Craft Archived from the original on April 4 2019 Retrieved February 20 2019 Number of employees at Dell from 1996 to 2020 in 1 000s Statista Retrieved March 11 2021 Form 10 K Dell Technologies investors delltechnologies com 2020 Retrieved October 22 2020 As of January 31 2020 we had approximately 165 000 total full time employees a b c Dell selling former site of North Carolina manufacturing plant statesman com Archived from the original on September 25 2016 Retrieved April 27 2013 a b c What you don t know about Dell Bloomberg BusinessWeek November 2 2003 Retrieved October 28 2012 Dell company profile Reuters Financial Archived from the original on September 13 2008 Retrieved June 15 2013 a b c Carey David September 13 2013 Silver Lake Investors Said to See Dell as Mixed Blessing Bloomberg Retrieved January 9 2014 Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Grew 10 7 in 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1 2003 CNN Retrieved January 9 2014 a b c d Benner Katie June 13 2011 Michael Dell s dilemma Fortune Tech Fortune Archived from the original on May 9 2012 Retrieved January 9 2014 Dell Inc Form PRE 14A Filing Date May 5 2003 secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Dell Inc Form DEF 14A Filing Date May 27 2004 secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Lee Louise March 23 2006 Dell Goes High end and Hip BusinessWeek a b c Bloomberg Businessweek Its Dell vs the Dell way February 2006 Visited April 10 2012 a b c Darlin Damon June 15 2006 Falling Short of A The New York Times Retrieved October 30 2012 Dell revamps product group adds executives CNET December 12 2006 Retrieved October 30 2012 a b c Michael Dell back as CEO Rollins resigns CNET News CNET January 31 2007 Retrieved October 30 2012 a b Haff Gordon March 29 2010 The real Dell 2 0 The Pervasive Data Center CNET News CNET Retrieved January 9 2014 a b c Dell revamps product group adds executives CNET News CNET December 12 2006 Retrieved 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from the original on January 16 2009 Retrieved December 4 2012 Reddall Braden April 1 2010 UPDATE 2 Dell says several former staff may face SEC action Reuters Apr 1 2010 Reuters com Retrieved December 4 2012 Dallas Morning News News for Dallas Texas Texas Southwest Archived October 9 2008 at the Wayback Machine Moltzen Edward F NASDAQ Sends Dell Novell Delisting Notices Hardware IT Channel News by CRN and VARBusiness Crn com Archived from the original on June 29 2012 Retrieved December 4 2012 Dell Buys Time From Nasdaq On Delisting Hardware IT Channel News by CRN and VARBusiness Crn com Archived from the original on September 5 2012 Retrieved December 4 2012 Ames Ben McMillan Robert August 16 2007 Dell to restate results after finding manipulation Computerword August 16 2007 Computerworld com Retrieved December 4 2012 SEC Charges Dell and Senior Executives with Disclosure and Accounting Fraud US Securities and Exchange Commission July 22 2010 Retrieved November 22 2021 Dell Inc Form 8 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2013 Dell Board Recommends Michael Dell Buyout Offer Associated Press via ABC News Michael Dell closes in on prize with sweeter 25 billion deal Reuters Dell Takes Itself Private With 25 Billion Buyout WIRED September 2013 Kunert Paul February 12 2014 Dell staffers head for exit armed with redundo cheques channelregister co uk Janakiram MSV April 18 2016 Is Fog Computing the Next Big Thing in the Internet of Things Forbes Magazine Retrieved April 18 2016 Womack Brian Bass Dina October 12 2015 Dell to Buy EMC in Deal Worth About 67 Billion Bloomberg Retrieved October 12 2015 a b Dell agrees 67bn EMC takeover BBC News October 12 2015 Retrieved October 12 2015 a b c d Gara Antonie Deal Of The Century How Michael Dell Turned His Declining PC Business Into A 40 Billion Windfall Forbes Retrieved November 22 2021 Dell to Buy EMC for 67 Billion The Wall Street Journal Retrieved October 12 2015 In Takeover of EMC Dell Makes Ambitious Bet The New York Times October 12 2015 Retrieved October 12 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The Register October 9 2015 Tom Braithwaite October 13 2015 Dell EMC deal why VMware is falling Financial Times BOOM Dell to Acquire EMC for 67 Billion Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute October 12 2015 Document www sec gov Historic Dell and EMC Merger Complete Forms World s Largest Privately Controlled Tech Company Press release Business Wire September 7 2016 Chris Mellor October 15 2015 Dell EMC merger could leave Lenovo out in the cold analysts TheRegister UK Donnell Carl Dell moves to go public spurns IPO Reuters Retrieved July 3 2018 Carl Icahn sues Dell over plans to go public Dell Technologies Inc Form 10 K sec gov Retrieved January 29 2018 King Rachael September 7 2016 Dell Closes 60 Billion Merger with EMC The Wall Street Journal subscription required Clark Don Cimilluca Dana McMillan Robert October 13 2015 EMC Takeover Marks Return of Michael Dell The Wall Street Journal subscription required press release Archived January 5 2009 at the Wayback Machine Product reviews and prices software downloads and tech news CNET News com com August 17 2006 Retrieved December 4 2012 Krazit Tom November 1 2006 Dell puts AMD powered notebooks on sale CNET News CBS Interactive Dell s first notebooks with chips from Advanced Micro Devices appeared for sale on its Web site Wednesday although the company made no formal announcement Laptop Reviews Old Dell February 24 2018 Alienware Unveils New Alienware 17 Gaming Notebook Old Dell Laptop Reviews Dell s latest AlienWare beast takes off in the market with its amazing specs James Love March 8 1998 Nader CPT ask OEMs to offer OS alternatives Information Policy Notes Archived from the original on June 5 2008 Retrieved August 28 2008 Consumer Project on Technology CPT s Microsoft Antitrust Page Archived from the original on November 6 2002 Dan Neel February 3 2000 Dell offers Linux on laptops Archived from the original on October 10 2009 Michael Dell August 15 2000 Michael Dell Remarks Putting Linux on the Fast Track Keynote at the LinuxWorld Expo PDF Archived from the original PDF on May 22 2010 Andrew Orlowski March 19 2002 Microsoft killed Dell Linux States The Register Dell says all aboard for Linux PCs iTWire Archived from the original on February 28 2007 Retrieved December 4 2012 Computerworld February 27 2007 Dell to Linux users Not so fast Archived from the original on January 16 2009 Ideas In Action Archived March 19 2008 at the Wayback Machine Steven J Vaughan Nichols DesktopLinux April 18 2007 Michael Dell s Linux choice Ubuntu Archived from the original on June 22 2010 Retrieved June 6 2010 BBC May 1 2007 Dell to choose Ubuntu BBC News Retrieved January 2 2010 Menchaca Lionel May 24 2008 Dell Offers Three Consumer Systems With Ubuntu 7 04 Direct2Dell blog Retrieved October 21 2009 Dell will offer U S customers three different systems with Ubuntu 7 04 installed the XPS 410n and Dimension E520n desktops and the Inspiron E1505n notebook Ubuntu on Two New Inspirons Update from the Linux Live Expert Forum Direct2Dell Linux for Consumers in the U K France and Germany Dell Red Hat Solutions amp More Direct2Dell Ashlee Vance November 30 2007 Dell moves 40 000 Ubuntu PCs Channel Register Archived from the original on October 9 2009 Dell s XPS M1330 with Ubuntu pre load in Germany only Engadget January 24 2008 Judd Daniel February 18 2008 Welcome the Inspiron 1525 to the Dell Ubuntu Family dell com Dell Retrieved November 12 2017 Earlier today we added the Inspiron 1525 notebook to our family of Ubuntu products Ubuntu Dell Systems Launch in Canada Tombuntu February 22 2008 Laptops Ultrabooks amp Tablets New Dell Laptop Computers for Sale Dell Retrieved December 4 2012 Linux Workstations and Laptops Dell USA Dell Retrieved December 1 2021 Quintos Karen September 15 2011 How does technology ignite your power to do more Forbes Magazine Dell to Buy Alienware a Maker Of High End PC s for Gamers The New York Times March 23 2006 Retrieved April 13 2012 WhatIz website over WHAT IZ Alienware Android Cell Phone apnizindagi com November 10 2011 Lee Louise March 23 2006 Dell Goes High end and Hip Bloomberg BusinessWeek McGraw Hill Retrieved October 29 2008 Dell Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Nov 8 2007 secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Dell Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Jan 28 2008 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Gonsalves Antone November 5 2007 Dell s EqualLogic Buy Could Drive Down iSCSI Storage Prices InformationWeek United Business Media Retrieved October 29 2008 Dell Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Sep 21 2009 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Dell to buy Perot Systems for 3 9 billion Finanznachrichten de September 22 2009 Retrieved November 17 2011 Perot Systems Hoover s 2009 Retrieved January 4 2010 Shah Agam February 11 2010 Dell Acquires Systems Management Company KACE The New York Times Dell Acquires SaaS Company Boomi SiliconANGLE November 2 2010 Retrieved November 3 2010 Dell Inc Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Mar 15 2011 secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Chris Mellor July 20 2011 Dell buys Force 10 Networks Storm winds to leave Brocade out in the cold The Register Retrieved August 8 2011 a b c Dell Inc Form 10 Q Quarterly Report Filing Date May 31 2012 PDF secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Businesswire Dell completes acquisition SonicWall May 9 2012 USA Today page B1 published March 14 2008 Dell buys security specialist SonicWall InformationAge com website Dell buys thin client market leader Wyse April 2 2012 Visited April 3 2012 Dell press release Dell Acquires Clerity Solutions Launching New Applications Modernization Services Archived April 3 2012 at the Wayback Machine April 3 2012 Dell Inc Form 8 K Current Report Filing Date Jul 2 2012 secdatabase com Retrieved March 8 2013 Dell buying Quest Software for 2 36 billion USA Today July 2 2012 Retrieved July 2 2012 Dell ponies up 2 4B to buy Quest Software CBS News July 2 2012 Retrieved July 11 2012 Dell official pressrelease Dell completes acquisition of Quest software Archived November 3 2012 at the Wayback Machine September 28 2012 Visited November 1 2012 Dell Pressreleases Dell Acquires Gale Technologies a Leading Provider of Infrastructure Automation Solutions Archived November 19 2012 at the Wayback Machine November 16 2012 Visited November 28 2012 Dell press release Dell reaches agreement for acquiring Credant Technologies Archived January 2 2013 at the Wayback Machine December 18 2012 Visited December 26 2012 informationweek com 6 Dell storylines to watch in 2013 December 20 2012 Visited December 26 2012 Dell Acquires StatSoft to Bolster Portfolio of Big Data Solutions dell com Archived from the original on May 8 2015 Retrieved March 25 2014 Contact Us Dell Mailing Address Dell Retrieved February 8 2012 Austin American Statesman The Dell deal what would be different if Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine January 19 2013 Visited January 23 2013 a b Staff Dell headquarters now carbon free New Mexico Business Weekly Wednesday April 2 2008 Retrieved May 4 2010 Jacobs Janet Cash flow from Dell lets Round Rock boost budget Austin American Statesman September 9 1999 A1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Almost half the city s general fund comes from sales tax at Dell s headquarters a b Pope Kyle Dell chief disbands project Austin American Statesman February 25 1990 A1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Dell is headquartered at the Arboretum complex in North Austin and employs about 1200 people PC Magazine Volume 12 1993 175 Dell Computer Corp 9505 Arboretum Blvd Austin TX 78759 Pope Kyle Dell plans expansion and move High tech firm inks Braker Center deal Austin American Statesman January 24 1989 B7 Retrieved May 4 2010 Dell occupies 127000 square feet of office space at the Arboretum Ladendorf Kirk and R Michelle Breyer Despite document Dell says no headquarters move planned Austin American Statesman May 22 1993 E1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Dell to keep top floor at Arboretum offices Austin American Statesman August 29 1994 C1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Ladendorf Kirk and Mike Todd Dell seeks space for expansion Firm makes proposal for tax abatements Austin American Statesman November 5 1992 B4 Retrieved May 4 2010 The lease on the company s headquarters building at the Arboretum expires in 1994 Ladendorf Kirk Dell expanding in Central Texas Austin American Statesman October 1 1996 A1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Mahoney Jerry Dell s success is Round Rock s gain Austin American Statesman January 9 1996 A1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Dell will have room for 6400 employees when it finishes Round Rock 3 in November The company which still employs about 3500 people at its headquarters Mahoney Jerry Dell to expand its office complex Austin American Statesman May 30 1998 D1 Retrieved May 4 2010 Pletz John Dell moving executives closer to Austin Alternate link Austin American Statesman May 9 2000 A1 Retrieved May 4 2010 a b Dell seeks to sublease Las Cimas offices Austin Business Journal Friday March 8 2002 Retrieved May 4 2010 Pletz John Article Dell Leaders to Return to Round Rock Texas Campus Austin American Statesman March 8 2002 Retrieved May 4 2010 Hudgins Matt Dell space taken Austin Business Journal Friday May 9 2003 Retrieved May 4 2010 Dell Locations Corporate Web Site ap dell com Archived from the original on August 21 2008 Retrieved November 17 2011 EET India article on Dell Eetindia co in Archived from the original on July 9 2013 Retrieved November 17 2011 25 Michael Dell The World s Billionaires 2009 March 11 2009 Archived from the original on March 14 2009 Retrieved October 21 2009 Michael Dell caused ire in Ireland after relocating factory to cheaper Poland a b c How Dell conquered India CNN February 10 2011 Archived from the original on February 12 2011 Retrieved February 11 2011 Dedrick J and Kraemer K L March 2007 Market Making in the PC Industry Chapter 10 in Hamilton Senauer and Petrovic eds The Market Makers How Retailers are Reshaping the Global Economy Oxford University Press ISBN 0199655871 Kraemer K L and Dedrick J 2002 Dell Computer Organization of a Global Production Network Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations Company Annual Reports various years Scheck J Dell Plans to Sell Factories in Effort to Cut Costs The Wall Street Journal September 5 2008 1 900 jobs lost at Dell in Limerick RTE New Report January 8 2009 EU to investigate Dell aid package RTE New Report January 8 2009 Dell reorganises Irish operations The IE Professional No 250 May 17 2000 Archived from the original on September 28 2011 Retrieved November 17 2011 Dell to Sell Polish Plant to Taiwan s Foxconn IndustryWeek Agence France Presse Retrieved May 8 2012 IDA Ireland website on Dell visited October 12 2012 RTE News Fears for 70 jobs at Athlone s Alienware facility March 25 2009 Checked October 12 2012 Dell Announces Manufacturing Facility In Poland To Serve Growing Central And Eastern European Markets euro dell com Retrieved November 17 2011 Dell Starts Manufacturing Servers in Brazil Dell Porto Alegre Brazil February 19 2001 Dell Precision Open Source Workstations with Linux Dell com Archived from the original on August 10 2010 Retrieved November 17 2011 Lyndon Rive Elon Musk Cousins partners Silicon Valley Business Journal December 28 2010 Goodbye Axim Direct2Dell com April 11 2007 Roth Emma July 25 2022 Dell is getting out of the phone syncing game The Verge Retrieved July 27 2022 a b Dell does a Superfish ships PCs with easily cloneable root certificates Ars Technica Conde Nast November 23 2015 Retrieved November 25 2015 Dell apologizes for HTTPS certificate fiasco provides removal tool Ars Technica Conde Nast November 24 2015 Retrieved November 25 2015 a b c PCs running Dell support app can be uniquely ID d by snoops and scammers Ars Technica Conde Nast November 25 2015 Retrieved November 25 2015 Michael Dell Sees India Playing a Key Role in the Online World Dell New Delhi India March 20 2007 Walker Rob June 3 2002 The Mystery of the Dell Dude slate com Slate Magazine Retrieved October 14 2015 Dell launches star studded Yours Is Here ad campaign Engadget Retrieved July 14 2010 Dell World 2011 Dell Archived from the original on November 24 2013 Retrieved December 16 2013 Dell World 2012 Press Kit Dell Archived from the original on May 17 2013 Retrieved December 16 2013 Dell World 2013 Dell Archived from the original on December 17 2013 Retrieved December 16 2013 Dell World speaker schedule without star keynote panel to open show bizjournals com Retrieved August 18 2018 Partner Direct Dell Retrieved June 13 2011 Dell enables online purchases through DESA platform The Times of India June 3 2013 Dell launches online e store Dell Express Ship Affiliate The Hindu June 3 2013 Nichols Shaun June 27 2008 Dell Scolded for Laptop Ads Vnunet com Archived from the original on October 23 2008 Dell s Claim as World s Most Secure Commercial Laptops Digitaldaily allthingsd com June 23 2008 Retrieved November 17 2011 Dell Focuses on Direct and Retail Business Closes Kiosks in U S Content dell com January 30 2008 Archived from the original on November 13 2011 Retrieved November 17 2011 Dell Closing Down Their Retail Kiosks Across The Country gizmodo com April 1 2010 Retrieved November 18 2011 Dell Venue Pro offered by Media Markt Netzwelt de February 22 1999 Retrieved November 17 2011 Kirdahy Matthew October 19 2006 2 Forbes Gartner Says Hewlett Packard Takes Clear Lead in Fourth Quarter Worldwide PC Shipments and Creates a Virtual Tie with Dell for 2006 Year End Results Business Wire January 17 2007 Archived from the original on July 21 2015 Retrieved June 22 2013 Canalys Newsroom Global PC shipments pass 340 million in 2021 and 2022 is set to be even stronger canalys com Retrieved May 27 2022 Dell EMC Sign Multi Billion Dollar Enterprise Storage Agreement Press release Dell EMC October 22 2001 Dell EMC Extend and Expand Strategic Alliance Press release Dell EMC December 9 2008 Dell EMC End Storage Reseller Partnership Two Years Early EWeek October 17 2011 permanent dead link Mearian Lucas October 17 2011 Dell ends 10 year reseller relationship with EMC Computerworld Walking the Walk on Greenhouse Gas Reduction Dell Retrieved January 13 2011 Guide to Greener Electronics Greenpeace International Archived from the original on November 12 2011 Retrieved November 14 2011 Ranking tables October 2010 PDF Greenpeace International Retrieved January 13 2011 Dell Sets Goal Of Becoming Greenest Technology Company Dell Retrieved January 13 2011 Dell targeted for breaking promise on toxic chemicals Greenpeace International Retrieved January 13 2011 Materials Use What s Inside Our Products And What s Not Dell Retrieved August 16 2010 Lezhnev Sasha Alex Hellmuth August 2012 Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012 PDF Enough Project Retrieved August 17 2012 William Baue Dell First US Computer Company to Commit to a Global Recycling Goal SocialFunds Archived from the original on August 4 2007 Retrieved August 2 2007 Winners of NRC s Recycling Works Award National Recycling Coalition Dell Ahead of Schedule to Achieve Multi Year Product Recycling Goal Dell July 19 2007 Dell Sets Goal of Becoming Greenest Technology Company Retrieved March 8 2018 Dell 2008 Corporate Social Responsibility Report Section GRI Performance Indicators Index Dell Inc 2008 Retrieved October 28 2012 Dell proprietary non standard ATX design Dell proprietary non standard ATX design InformIT Retrieved November 17 2011 Mueller Scott 2002 Upgrading and Repairing PCs 13ed Indianapolis Que Publications ISBN 0 7897 2542 8 and subsequent editions It s Dell vs the Dell Way Bloomberg BusinessWeek Retrieved October 30 2012 Dell Spiffs Up Its Service Business Week June 13 2006 No Magic Wands For Customer Service The Official Dell blog July 13 2006 Kirkpatrick David September 18 2006 Dell in the penalty box CNN Retrieved May 1 2010 Dell Customer Service Rating 2018 Undercover Tech Support Review Laptop Mag April 24 2019 Notebook Service and Support Satisfaction Survey Who has the best laptop service NotebookCheck net Reviews Notebookcheck April 15 2018 Dell pares past profits because of massaging The Guardian August 17 2007 Darlin Damon November 16 2006 Dell Accounting Inquiry Made Formal by S E C The New York Times Retrieved August 19 2007 Reed Kevin July 23 2010 Dell pays 100m penalty to settle accounting fraud charges Accountancy Age Archived from the original on July 25 2010 Retrieved July 23 2010 Dell loses Taiwan consumer lawsuit report June 7 2010 Visited October 28 2012 Taiwanese lawsuit full text verdict Retrieved October 28 2012 Poornima Gupta Edwin Chan August 1 2013 Icahn sues Dell in latest attempt to foil buyout Reuters Xu Vicky Xiuzhong Cave Danielle Leibold James Munro Kelsey Ruser Nathan March 1 2020 Uyghurs for Sale Australian Strategic Policy Institute Retrieved March 17 2022 Further reading EditDell Company Information Michael Dell Catherine Fredman Direct From Dell ISBN 0 88730 914 3 Serwer Andy November 28 2005 Dell s Midlife Crisis Fortune pp 63 66 Dell as the seventh most admired computer company in the USA eighth overall and seventh worldwide Fortune Most Admired Companies 2006 BBC News August 21 2003 Dell makes grab for market share USA Today January 20 2001 Dell business model turns to muscle as rivals struggle Ubuntu Forums June 7 2007 Dell s with Ubuntu called DellbuntuExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dell Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dell amp oldid 1145041393, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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