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List of cities of the ancient Near East

October 28, 2023

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The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age, with some 30,000 inhabitants, was the largest city of the time by far. Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40,000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age.[1] Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50,000–60,000. Niniveh had some 20,000–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (around 700 BC).

In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU𒌷 became a determinative sign denoting a city, or combined with KUR𒆳 "land" the kingdom or territory controlled by a city, e.g. 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 LUGAL KUR URUHa-at-ti "the king of the country of (the city of) Hatti". The KI 𒆠 determinative is used following place names (toponyms) in both Sumerian and Akkadian.[2][3]

Mesopotamia edit

Further information: Geography of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia

Lower Mesopotamia edit

 
Map of Mesopotamian cities in modern-day Iraq, Syria and Iran.
 
Map of Mesopotamia.

(ordered from north to south)

Upper Mesopotamia edit

 
Map of Syria in the second millennium BC

(ordered from north to south)

Iran edit

 

Anatolia (Turkey) edit

 
Settlements of Bronze Age Anatolia, based on Hittite records.

(ordered from north to south)

The Levant edit

 

Arabian Peninsula edit

 
The Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa, separated by just a few miles of the Red Sea, have a history of related settlements, especially near the coast

Nubia edit

Horn of Africa edit

Egypt edit

For a more comprehensive list, see List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Kohl, Philip L. (1991). "The use and abuse of world systems theory: The case of the "pristine" west Asian state". In Lamberg-Karlovsky, Clifford Charles (ed.). Archaeological Thought in America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-40643-7.
  2. ^ Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (EPSD)
  3. ^ Edzard, Dietz Otto (2003). Sumerian Grammar. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Vol. 71. Leiden: Brill. p. 9. ISBN 90-04-12608-2.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient cities of the Middle East.
  • Geospatial: Mapping Iraq's Ancient Cities
  • Ancient cities grew pretty much like modern ones, say scientists (February 2015), Christian Science Monitor

October 28, 2023
list, cities, ancient, near, east, this, article, contains, special, characters, without, proper, rendering, support, question, marks, boxes, other, symbols, earliest, cities, history, were, ancient, near, east, area, covering, roughly, that, modern, middle, e. This article contains special characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended depending on the interpretation of the term either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people Memphis in the Early Bronze Age with some 30 000 inhabitants was the largest city of the time by far Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40 000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age 1 Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65 000 inhabitants Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50 000 60 000 Niniveh had some 20 000 30 000 reaching 100 000 only in the Iron Age around 700 BC In Akkadian and Hittite orthography URU𒌷 became a determinative sign denoting a city or combined with KUR𒆳 land the kingdom or territory controlled by a city e g 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 LUGAL KUR URUHa at ti the king of the country of the city of Hatti The KI 𒆠 determinative is used following place names toponyms in both Sumerian and Akkadian 2 3 Contents 1 Mesopotamia 1 1 Lower Mesopotamia 1 2 Upper Mesopotamia 2 Iran 3 Anatolia Turkey 4 The Levant 5 Arabian Peninsula 6 Nubia 7 Horn of Africa 8 Egypt 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksMesopotamia editFurther information Geography of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia edit nbsp Map of Mesopotamian cities in modern day Iraq Syria and Iran nbsp Map of Mesopotamia ordered from north to south Eshnunna Tell Asmar Me Turan Tell Haddad and Tell al Sib Tutub Khafajah Der Tell Aqar Sippar Tell Abu Habbah Sippar Amnanum Tell ed Der Urum Tell Uqair Kutha Tell Ibrahim Jemdet Nasr NI RU Kish Tell Uheimir amp Ingharra Babilim Babylon Borsippa Birs Nimrud Malgium Tulul al Faj Tell Yassir Mashkan shapir Tell Abu Duwari Dilbat Tell ed Duleim Nippur Afak Marad Tell Wannat es Sadum Adab Tell Bismaya Isin Ishan al Bahriyat Kisurra Tell Abu Hatab Shuruppak Tell Fara Karkar Tell Ĝidr Bad tibira Tell al Madineh Zabalam Tell Ibzeikh Umma Umm al Aqarib Tell Jokha Girsu Tello or Telloh Lagash Tell al Hiba Tell Zurghul Nigin Uruk Warka Larsa Tell as Senkereh Tell Khaiber Irisaĝrig Tell al Wilayah Tulul al Baqarat Kesh Ur Tell al Muqayyar Tell al Lahm Dur Iakin Kisik Kuara Eridu Tell Abu Shahrain Ubaid Tell al Ubaid Akshak Akkad Upper Mesopotamia edit nbsp Map of Syria in the second millennium BC ordered from north to south Urfa Shanidar cave Urkesh Urkish Tell Mozan Tell Leilan Shekhna Shubat Enlil Tell Arbid Harran Chagar Bazar Mardaman Bassetki Kahat Tell Barri Tell Fekheriye Washukanni Hadatu Arslan Tash Carchemish Djerabis Til Barsip Tell Ahmar Tell Chuera Mumbaqat Tall Munbaqa Ekalte Al Rawda Nabada Tell Beydar Nagar Tell Brak Telul eth Thalathat Tepe Gawra Tell Arpachiyah Tepe Reshwa Shibaniba Tell Billa Tarbisu Sherif Khan Nineveh Ninua Qatara or Karana Tell al Rimah Tell Hamoukar Dur Sharrukin Khorsabad Tell Shemshara Shusharra Erbil Urbilim Arba Ilu Kurd Qaburstan Qabra Qasr Shemamok Kilizu Kilizi Kakzu Tell Taya Tell Hassuna Balawat Imgur Enlil Tell es Sweyhat Tell Hadidi Azu Nimrud Emar Tell Meskene Tall Bazi Armanum Qal at Jarmo Arrapha Kar Tukulti Ninurta Assur Ekallatum Nuzi Yorghan Tepe Gasur Tell al Fakhar Kurruhanni Tell Taban Ṭabetu Ṭabatum Terqa Tell Ashara Doura Europos Mari Tell Hariri Haradum Khirbet ed Diniyeh Tell es Sawwan Nerebtum or Kiti Tell Ishchali Tell Agrab Dur Kurigalzu Aqar Quf Shaduppum Tell Harmal Tell al Dhiba i Seleucia Ctesiphon Taq Kisra Zenobia Halabiye Hatra Idu Rabana Merquly Natounia Iran edit nbsp Ecbatana Hamadan Behistun Godin Tepe Rey Rhages Europos Shahr e Ray Arsacia Chogha Mish Tepe Sialk Susa Shush Shushan Kabnak Haft Tepe Dur Untash Chogha Zanbil Shahr e Sukhteh Pasargadae Pasargad Pasargadai Naqsh e Rustam Estakhr Istakhr Persepolis Parsa Tall i Bakun Anshan Tall i Malyan or Tepe Malyan Konar Sandal Tepe Yahya Teppe Hasanlu Khorramabad Kermanshah Isfahan Aspadana Tabriz Shahdad Marlik Chogha Bonut Ganj Dareh Ali Kosh Geoy Tepe Baba Jan Tepe Shah Tepe Hajji Firuz Tepe Kul Tepe Shir Ashian Tepe Tepe Hissar Tureng Tepe Yarim Tepe Vahrkana Gorgan Narezzash Neyriz Zranka Dahan e Gholaman Jiroft Nahavand Mahallat Hashtgerd Bastam GanzakAnatolia Turkey edit nbsp Settlements of Bronze Age Anatolia based on Hittite records ordered from north to south Inandiktepe Miletus Sfard Sardis Nicaea Sapinuwa Yazilikaya Alaca Hoyuk Masat Hoyuk Alishar Huyuk Hattusa Ilios Wilusa Ilion Troas Troy Kanesh Nesa Kultepe Arslantepe Malatya Cayonu Amed Diyarbakir Sam al Zincirli Hoyuk Catalhoyuk Beycesultan Karatepe Tushhan Ziyaret Tepe Adana Tarsus Zephyrion Mersin Gozlukule Titris Hoyuk Tilmen Hoyuk Sultantepe Attalia Antalya The Levant edit nbsp Abel beth maachah Acre Adoraim Adora Dura Afqa Afeka Alalakh Alakhtum Tell Atchana Aleppo Halab Ha Lam Yamhad Al Rastan Arethusa Antioch Antakiya Apamea Afamiya Aphek Antipatris Tell Afik Arad Arad Rabbah Tel Arad Arpad Tell Rifaat Arqa Arkat Irqata Arwad Aradus Arvad Arphad Ruad Island Ashdod Ashkelon Azekah Baalbek Heliopolis Batroun Botrys Banias Beersheba Beirut Berytus Beth Shean Bet Shemesh Bethel Bethsaida Bethlehem Bosra Byblos Gubla Kepen Dan former Laish Tel Dan Tell el Qadi Damascus Dimasqu Deir Alla Pethor Dhiban Dibon Dura Europos Dur Dor D jr Dora Ebla Tell Mardikh Edessa Ar Ruha Urfa Ein Gedi Hazazon tamar Tel Goren En Esur Enfeh Ampi Ekron Tel Miqne Khirbet el Muqanna Et Tell Ai Gath Tell es Safi Gaza Gezer Gibeah Tell el Ful Hama Hamath Epiphania Harran Carrhae Hellenopolis Hazor Homs Emesa Hebron Hermel Jawa Jericho Ariha Jerusalem Jebus City of David Jezreel Tel Kabri one of several cities called Rehob Qadesh Tell al Nabi Mando Tulul adh Dhahab Mahanaim Penuel Kedesh Qadesh in Galilee Khirbet Kerak Al Sinnabra Khirbet el Qom Makkedah Maqqedah Khirbet Qeiyafa Sha arayim Neta im Tell Tayinat Kinalua Kinneret Tel Kinrot Tell el Oreimeh Kumidi Kamid el Loz Lachish Tel Lachish Tell ed Duweir Manbij Manbug Mabog Bambyce Hierapolis Megiddo Tel Megiddo Tell el Mutesellim Petra Raqmu Qatna Tell Mishrifeh Rashaya Rabbath Ammon Philadelphia Tel Rehov Rehov Samaria Shomron Sebastie Sam al Sarepta Sarafand Sharuhen Tell el Far ah South Tell el Ajjul Tel Haror Shiloh Saida Sidon Sumur Sumuru Simirra Tadmor Palmyra Tall Zira a Tel Yarmuth Tell Abu al Kharaz Jabesh Gilead Tell Afis Hazrek Tell Ashtara Ashteroth Karnaim Tell Balata Shechem Tell Beit Mirsim Tell el Burak Tell el Hesi Eglon Tell en Nasbeh Mizpah in Benjamin Tell Kazel Tell Qaramel Tell Qarqur Qarqar Tell Tweini Gibala Tirzah Tell el Farah North Tripoli Tripolis Tyre Tylos Ugarit Ras Shamra Umm el Marra Tel Yokneam Yokneam En qn mu Zoara Zoar Bela Arabian Peninsula edit nbsp The Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa separated by just a few miles of the Red Sea have a history of related settlements especially near the coastAl Ain Al Ashoosh Awwam Barran Bakkah Mecca Barbar Temple Bidaa Bint Saud Al Bithnah Dalma Al Da asa Dedan Al Ula Dibba Dumat Al Jandal Adummatu Ed Dur Failaka Gerrha Ḥaram Hili Archaeological Park Ibri Izki Jeddah Jubbah Julfar Kalba Al Kharj Khaybar Khor Rori Sumhuram Kaminahu Kamna Lihyan Mada in Saleh Al Hijr el Hijr and Hegra Al Madam Al Magar Ma rib Maṣna at Mariya Mleiha Muweilah Najran Nashan Nashaq Nizwa Petra Qatif Qarnawu Qaryat al Faw Dhat al Jnan Qal at al Bahrain Sakakah Sanaa Ṣirwaḥ Shabwa Shimal Sohar As Subiya Tarim Yemen Tayma Tema Tell Abraq Thula Tarout Umm Al Nar Yathrib Medina Nubia editJebel Barkal Kerma Meroe NapataHorn of Africa editAdulis Aksum Axum Keskese Matara Qohaito Sembel YehaEgypt editFor a more comprehensive list see List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities See also edit nbsp Asia portalCity state Sumerian King List Historical urban community sizes Short chronology timeline List of oldest continuously inhabited cities Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle EastReferences edit Kohl Philip L 1991 The use and abuse of world systems theory The case of the pristine west Asian state In Lamberg Karlovsky Clifford Charles ed Archaeological Thought in America Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 40643 7 Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary EPSD Edzard Dietz Otto 2003 Sumerian Grammar Handbook of Oriental Studies Vol 71 Leiden Brill p 9 ISBN 90 04 12608 2 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient cities of the Middle East Geospatial Mapping Iraq s Ancient Cities Ancient cities grew pretty much like modern ones say scientists February 2015 Christian Science Monitor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of cities of the ancient Near East amp oldid 1180804629, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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