Haft Tepe (also Haft Tape) is an archaeological site situated in the Khuzestan Province in south-western Iran. At this site the possible remains of the Elamite city of Kabnak were discovered in 1908, and excavations are still carried out.
The city of Kabnak is mentioned as an important political centre during the reign of the Elamite king Tepti-Ahar, the last king of the Kidinuid dynasty ruling in the 15th century BC. He may also have been buried in the city. After his death the centre of power returned to the old capital Susa, although there is no clear evidence that Kabnak ever held real power at all. Due to the turmoil of this era it is possible the construction of Kabnak was necessary after Tepti-Ahar lost control over Susa, however this theory has not been completely confirmed by solid proof.[1] Some centuries later another city was built at the nearby site of Choqa Zanbil.
Excavations at Haft Tepe revealed a large temple founded by Tepti-Ahar where the god Kirwashir was worshiped. Beneath the temple lay a subterranean funerary complex intended for the king and his family. Skeletal remains were found in the tomb, though it is not certain they belong to royalty. [2] Another large structure found at the site was perhaps the foundations of a ziggurat, along with courtyards and suites of rooms. The temple complex was decorated with bronze plates and wall paintings. Administrative texts belonging to the reigns of Tepti-Ahar and Inshushinak-zunkir-nappipir were also found at the site. Recently some clay statuettes of fertility goddesses have been unearthed at the site.
Archaeology
The site is around 1.5 km by 800 meters made up of 14 mounds with the highest being 17 meters high. [3] Haft Tepe was first surveyed by the French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan in 1908. The site was excavated in the period from 1965 to 1979 by a team from the University of Tehran, led by the Iranian archaeologist Ezzat Negahban.[4][5][6] A legal document was found sealed with a cylinder seal, unusual at that time:
"Išme-karāb, king of the city of Susa, hated the utukku demon and to the city of Susa, when out of his doors he caused (him) to leave, he gave a seal, to which he afterwards gave power. He or his adversary in court, should they contest the agreement again, the kidinnu of Napiriša and Inšušinak has been touched upon. And he who shall alter this seal(ed tablet), may he go away upon the command of Napiriša and Inšušinak. The sceptre of Išme-karāb may it be put upon his head.[7]
Since 2003 excavations have been carried out by a team of German-Iranian archaeologists, including the University of Mainz, University of Kiel and the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization, headed by Behzad Mofidi in ten seasons through 2013.[8][9][10][11]
In the 2006 season a number of cuneiform administrative tablets were recovered and have now been published. They are primarily inventories.[12]
^Van De Mieroop, Marc: "A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC", page 185. Blackwell Publishing, 2007. ISBN1-4051-4911-6
^[1] Human remains from Haft Tepe, Iran, 2012-2013, Bioarchaeology of the Near East, vol. 12, pp. 55-60, 2018, ISSN 1899-962X
^Ezat O. Negahban, Haft Tepe Roundels: An Example of Middle Elamite Art, American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 3-10, 1984
^Negahbaran, Ezat O. (1995): Excavations at Haft Tepe, Iran. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54(4):293
^Negahban, E.1991Excavations at Haft Tepe. University Museum Monographs 70. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania
^Negahbaran, Ezat O. 1994 The Artist’s Workshop of Haft Tepe. Pp. 31–41 in Cinquante-deux reflexions sur le proche-orient ancien. Offertes en hommage à Léon De Meyer,ed. H. Gasche, M. Tan-ret, C. Janssen & A. Degraeve. Mesopotamian History and Environment, Occasional Publications II. Genth: University of Genth
^Katrien De Graef. “The Seal of an Official or an Official Seal? The Use of Court Seals in Old Babylonian Susa and Haft Tepe.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 138, no. 1, 2018, pp. 121–42
^B. Mofidi-Nasrabadi, Archäologische Untersuchungen in Haft Tape (Iran), Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan, vol. 35-36, pp. 225-239, 2003-04
^Behzad Mofidi-Nasrabadi, Vorbericht der archäologischen Ausgrabungen der Kampagnen 2005-2007 in Haft Tappeh (Iran), Verlag, 2010, ISBN978-3-89688-418-3
^Mofidi-Nasrabadi, B, Vorbericht der archäologischen Untersuchungen in den Kampagnen 2008, 2009 und 2010 in Haft Tappeh (Iran), Elamica, vol. 2, pp. 55-159, 2012
^Mofidi-Nasrabadi, B, Vorbericht der archäologischen Untersuchungen in den Kampagnen 2012-2013 in Haft Tappeh (Iran), Elamica, vol. 4, pp. 67-167, 2014
^Prechel, D., Die Tontafeln aus Haft Tappeh 2005-2007, in: B. Mofidi-Nasrabadi, Vorbericht der archäologischen Ausgrabungen der Kampagnen 2005-2007 in Haft Tappeh (Iran), Münster, pp. 51-57, 2010
References
Izzat Allāh Nigāhbān, Excavations at Haft Tepe, Iran, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 1991, ISBN0-934718-89-X
Beckman, G.1991A stray tablet from Haft Tépé. IrAnt 26: 81–83
Glassner, J. J.1991Les textes de Haft Tépé, la Susiane et l’Élam au II millénaire. Pp. 109–126 in Mesopotamie et Elam,ed. L. De Meyer & H. Gasche. Mesopotamian History and Environment, Occasional Publications I. Genth: University of Genth
P. Herrero, Tablettes administratives de Haft Tépé, Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique francaise en Iran, vol. 6, pp. 93–116, 1976
P. Herrero and J. J Glassner, Haft-Tépé: Choix de textes I, Iranica Antiqua, vol. 25, pp. 1–45, 1990
P. Herrero and J. J Glassner, Haft-Tépé: Choix de textes II, Iranica Antiqua, vol. 26, pp. 39–80, 1991
P. Herrero and J. J Glassner, Haft-Tépé: Choix de textes III, Iranica Antiqua, vol. 28, pp. 97–135, 1993
P. Herrero and J. J Glassner, Haft-Tépé: Choix de textes IV, Iranica Antiqua, vol. 31, pp. 51–82, 1996
E. Reiner, Inscription from a Royal Elamite Tomb, Archiv für Orientforschung, vol. 24, pp. 87–102, 1973
External links
Livius.org: Photos of Haft Tepe
Inscriptions Found in Haft Tepe Ready to be Decoded - 2006
Iranian, German archaeologists return to Haft-Tappeh - 2008
Archaeological Research at Haft Tappeh - University of Mainz
May 12, 2023
haft, tepe, also, haft, tape, archaeological, site, situated, khuzestan, province, south, western, iran, this, site, possible, remains, elamite, city, kabnak, were, discovered, 1908, excavations, still, carried, royal, tomb, shown, within, iranalternative, nam. Haft Tepe also Haft Tape is an archaeological site situated in the Khuzestan Province in south western Iran At this site the possible remains of the Elamite city of Kabnak were discovered in 1908 and excavations are still carried out Haft TepeRoyal Tomb at Haft TepeShown within IranAlternative nameKabnakLocationKhuzestan Province IranCoordinates32 04 44 N 48 19 35 E 32 07889 N 48 32639 E 32 07889 48 32639 Coordinates 32 04 44 N 48 19 35 E 32 07889 N 48 32639 E 32 07889 48 32639TypeSettlementHistoryCulturesElamiteSite notesConditionIn ruins Contents 1 History 2 Archaeology 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditThe city of Kabnak is mentioned as an important political centre during the reign of the Elamite king Tepti Ahar the last king of the Kidinuid dynasty ruling in the 15th century BC He may also have been buried in the city After his death the centre of power returned to the old capital Susa although there is no clear evidence that Kabnak ever held real power at all Due to the turmoil of this era it is possible the construction of Kabnak was necessary after Tepti Ahar lost control over Susa however this theory has not been completely confirmed by solid proof 1 Some centuries later another city was built at the nearby site of Choqa Zanbil Excavations at Haft Tepe revealed a large temple founded by Tepti Ahar where the god Kirwashir was worshiped Beneath the temple lay a subterranean funerary complex intended for the king and his family Skeletal remains were found in the tomb though it is not certain they belong to royalty 2 Another large structure found at the site was perhaps the foundations of a ziggurat along with courtyards and suites of rooms The temple complex was decorated with bronze plates and wall paintings Administrative texts belonging to the reigns of Tepti Ahar and Inshushinak zunkir nappipir were also found at the site Recently some clay statuettes of fertility goddesses have been unearthed at the site Archaeology EditThe site is around 1 5 km by 800 meters made up of 14 mounds with the highest being 17 meters high 3 Haft Tepe was first surveyed by the French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan in 1908 The site was excavated in the period from 1965 to 1979 by a team from the University of Tehran led by the Iranian archaeologist Ezzat Negahban 4 5 6 A legal document was found sealed with a cylinder seal unusual at that time Isme karab king of the city of Susa hated the utukku demon and to the city of Susa when out of his doors he caused him to leave he gave a seal to which he afterwards gave power He or his adversary in court should they contest the agreement again the kidinnu of Napirisa and Insusinak has been touched upon And he who shall alter this seal ed tablet may he go away upon the command of Napirisa and Insusinak The sceptre of Isme karab may it be put upon his head 7 Since 2003 excavations have been carried out by a team of German Iranian archaeologists including the University of Mainz University of Kiel and the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization headed by Behzad Mofidi in ten seasons through 2013 8 9 10 11 In the 2006 season a number of cuneiform administrative tablets were recovered and have now been published They are primarily inventories 12 See also EditCities of the ancient Near EastNotes Edit Van De Mieroop Marc A History of the Ancient Near East ca 3000 323 BC page 185 Blackwell Publishing 2007 ISBN 1 4051 4911 6 1 Human remains from Haft Tepe Iran 2012 2013 Bioarchaeology of the Near East vol 12 pp 55 60 2018 ISSN 1899 962X Ezat O Negahban Haft Tepe Roundels An Example of Middle Elamite Art American Journal of Archaeology vol 88 no 1 pp 3 10 1984 Negahbaran Ezat O 1995 Excavations at Haft Tepe Iran Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54 4 293 Negahban E 1991Excavations at Haft Tepe University Museum Monographs 70 Philadelphia University Museum University of Pennsylvania Negahbaran Ezat O 1994 The Artist s Workshop of Haft Tepe Pp 31 41 in Cinquante deux reflexions sur le proche orient ancien Offertes en hommage a Leon De Meyer ed H Gasche M Tan ret C Janssen amp A Degraeve Mesopotamian History and Environment Occasional Publications II Genth University of Genth Katrien De Graef The Seal of an Official or an Official Seal The Use of Court Seals in Old Babylonian Susa and Haft Tepe Journal of the American Oriental Society vol 138 no 1 2018 pp 121 42 B Mofidi Nasrabadi Archaologische Untersuchungen in Haft Tape Iran Archaologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan vol 35 36 pp 225 239 2003 04 Behzad Mofidi Nasrabadi Vorbericht der archaologischen Ausgrabungen der Kampagnen 2005 2007 in Haft Tappeh Iran Verlag 2010 ISBN 978 3 89688 418 3 Mofidi Nasrabadi B Vorbericht der archaologischen Untersuchungen in den Kampagnen 2008 2009 und 2010 in Haft Tappeh Iran Elamica vol 2 pp 55 159 2012 Mofidi Nasrabadi B Vorbericht der archaologischen Untersuchungen in den Kampagnen 2012 2013 in Haft Tappeh Iran Elamica vol 4 pp 67 167 2014 Prechel D Die Tontafeln aus Haft Tappeh 2005 2007 in B Mofidi Nasrabadi Vorbericht der archaologischen Ausgrabungen der Kampagnen 2005 2007 in Haft Tappeh Iran Munster pp 51 57 2010References EditIzzat Allah Nigahban Excavations at Haft Tepe Iran University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology 1991 ISBN 0 934718 89 X Beckman G 1991A stray tablet from Haft Tepe IrAnt 26 81 83 Glassner J J 1991Les textes de Haft Tepe la Susiane et l Elam au II millenaire Pp 109 126 in Mesopotamie et Elam ed L De Meyer amp H Gasche Mesopotamian History and Environment Occasional Publications I Genth University of Genth P Herrero Tablettes administratives de Haft Tepe Cahiers de la Delegation archeologique francaise en Iran vol 6 pp 93 116 1976 P Herrero and J J Glassner Haft Tepe Choix de textes I Iranica Antiqua vol 25 pp 1 45 1990 P Herrero and J J Glassner Haft Tepe Choix de textes II Iranica Antiqua vol 26 pp 39 80 1991 P Herrero and J J Glassner Haft Tepe Choix de textes III Iranica Antiqua vol 28 pp 97 135 1993 P Herrero and J J Glassner Haft Tepe Choix de textes IV Iranica Antiqua vol 31 pp 51 82 1996 E Reiner Inscription from a Royal Elamite Tomb Archiv fur Orientforschung vol 24 pp 87 102 1973External links EditLivius org Photos of Haft Tepe Inscriptions Found in Haft Tepe Ready to be Decoded 2006 Iranian German archaeologists return to Haft Tappeh 2008 Archaeological Research at Haft Tappeh University of Mainz Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haft Tepe amp oldid 1115947794, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
