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Wikipedia

Amazon (company)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the multinational technology company. For other companies, see Amazon (disambiguation) § Businesses and organizations.

Amazon.com, Inc.,[1] doing business as Amazon (/ˈæməzɒn/, AM-ə-zon; UK also /ˈæməzən/, AM-ə-zən), is an American multinational technology company, engaged in e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.[5] It is considered one of the Big Five American technology companies; the other four are Alphabet (parent company of Google), Apple, Meta (parent company of Facebook), and Microsoft.

Amazon.com, Inc.
Logo used since January 2000
Amazon's headquarters, the Doppler
Amazon
FormerlyCadabra, Inc. (1994–1995)
Company typePublic
ISINUS0231351067
Industry
FoundedJuly 5, 1994; 29 years ago (1994-07-05), in Bellevue, Washington, U.S.
FounderJeff Bezos
Headquarters
Seattle, Washington and Arlington, Virginia
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
Services
Revenue US$574.8 billion (2023)
US$36.85 billion (2023)
US$30.43 billion (2023)
Total assets US$527.9 billion (2023)
Total equity US$201.9 billion (2023)
OwnerJeff Bezos (9.8%)
Number of employees
≈ 1,525,000 (2023)
Subsidiaries
List
Websiteamazon.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2][3][4]

Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue, Washington.[6] The company originally started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories. This diversification led to it being referred to as "The Everything Store".[7]

The company has multiple subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services, providing cloud computing, Zoox, a self-driving car division, Kuiper Systems, a satellite Internet provider, and Amazon Lab126, a computer hardware R&D provider. Other subsidiaries include Ring, Twitch, IMDb, and Whole Foods Market. Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US$13.4 billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a physical retailer.[8]

Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures.[9][10][11][12] As of 2023, it is the world's largest online retailer and marketplace, smart speaker provider, cloud computing service through AWS,[13] live-streaming service through Twitch, and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share.[14] In 2021, it surpassed Walmart as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, Amazon Prime, which has close to 200 million subscribers worldwide.[15][16] It is the second-largest private employer in the United States.[17]

As of October 2023, Amazon is the 12th-most visited website in the world and 82% of its traffic comes from the United States.[18][19]

Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video, MGM+, Amazon Music, Twitch, Audible and Wondery[20] units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, film and television content through Amazon MGM Studios, including the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio which acquired in March 2022. It also produces consumer electronics—most notably, Kindle e-readers, Echo devices, Fire tablets, and Fire TVs.

Amazon has been criticized for customer data collection practices,[21] a toxic work culture,[22] censorship,[23][24][25][26][27] tax avoidance,[28][29] and anti-competitive behavior.[30][31]

History

Main article: History of Amazon

1994–2009

Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by Jeff Bezos, who chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent, as Microsoft was in the area.[32]

Amazon went public in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany. In the subsequent year, it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products, including music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.[33][34]

In 2002, it launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform.[35][36] In 2004, AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service.[37] AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service (S3) in 2006,[38] and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2008,[39] allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure.[40]

2010–present

Amazon purchased the Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017.[41] It is the leading e-retailer in the United States with approximately US$178 billion net sales in 2017. It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally.[42]

Amazon saw large growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, hiring more than 100,000 staff in the United States and Canada.[43] Some Amazon workers in the US, France, and Italy protested the company's decision to "run normal shifts" due to COVID-19's ease of spread in warehouses.[44][45] In Spain, the company faced legal complaints over its policies,[46] while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety.[47]

On February 2, 2021, Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board. The transition officially took place on July 5, 2021, with former CEO of AWS Andy Jassy replacing him as CEO.[48][49] In January 2023, Amazon cut over 18,000 jobs, primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs.[50]

On November 8, 2023, a plan was adopted for Jeff Bezos to sell approximately 50 million shares of the company over the next year (the deadline for the entire sales plan is January 31, 2025). The first step was the sale of 12 million shares for about $2 billion.[51]

Products and services

Main article: List of Amazon products and services

Amazon.com

amazon.com
 
Logo since January 2000
Screenshot
 
Homepage
Type of site
E-commerce
Available in
  • Arabic
  • Chinese
  • Dutch
  • English
  • French
  • German
  • Hindi
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
  • Swedish
  • Turkish
OwnerAmazon
URLamazon.com (original US site)
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional
Launched1995; 29 years ago (1995)
Current statusActive
Written inC++ and Java
[52]

Amazon.com is an e-commerce platform that sells many product lines, including media (books, movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry, watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm supplies[53] and consulting services.[54] Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for the US and amazon.co.uk for UK) though some offer international shipping.[55]

Visits to amazon.com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008,[56] to more than 2 billion per month in 2022.[57] The e-commerce platform is the 14th most visited website in the world.[58]

Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.[59] The company's localized storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by top-level domain and country code:

 
Amazon Marketplaces worldwide
  Top-Level Domain
  Served by neighboring Domain
Sales by country (2023)[60]
Country share
United States 69.3%
Germany 6.5%
United Kingdom 5.8%
Japan 4.8%
Other 13.6%
Region Country Domain name Since Languages Notes
Africa Egypt amazon.eg September 2021 Arabic, English Formerly known as Souq.com Egypt
Americas Brazil amazon.com.br December 2012 Portuguese
Canada amazon.ca June 2002 English, French
Mexico amazon.com.mx August 2013 Spanish
United States amazon.com July 1995 English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional) International customers without a localized Amazon website may purchase eBooks from the Kindle Store on Amazon US.[61]
Asia China amazon.cn September 2004 Chinese (Simplified) Formerly known as Joyo.com CHN
India amazon.in June 2013 English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Marathi
Japan amazon.co.jp November 2000 Japanese, English, Chinese (Simplified)
Saudi Arabia amazon.sa June 2020 Arabic, English Formerly known as Souq.com KSA
Singapore amazon.sg July 2017 English
Turkey amazon.com.tr September 2018 Turkish
United Arab Emirates amazon.ae May 2019 Arabic, English Formerly known as Souq.com UAE
Europe Belgium amazon.com.be October 2022 Dutch, French, English
France amazon.fr August 2000 French
Germany amazon.de October 1998 German, English, Czech, Dutch, Polish, Turkish Also serves Austria,[62] Denmark[63] and Switzerland[64]
Italy amazon.it November 2010 Italian
Netherlands amazon.nl November 2014 Dutch, English Initially only books & e-books, full shop opened March 2020[65]
Poland amazon.pl March 2021 Polish
Spain amazon.es September 2011 Spanish, Portuguese Also serves Portugal[66]
Sweden amazon.se October 2020 Swedish, English
United Kingdom amazon.co.uk October 1998 English Also serves Ireland[67]
Oceania Australia amazon.com.au November 2017 English Also serves New Zealand[68]

Merchant partnerships

In 2000, US toy retailer Toys "R" Us entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.[69][70][71]

In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group, under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.[72] Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.[73]

On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.[74]

In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into Dallas, Houston, New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014.[75]

In June 2017, Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods.[76][77] This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019.[77][78] Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods.[79]

In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$ 104.44 million (₹759 crore) in financial year 2017–2018.[80]

As of October 11, 2017, AmazonFresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas.[81]

In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc. to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.[82][83]

Private-label products

Main article: List of Amazon brands

Amazon sells many products under its own brand names, including phone chargers, batteries, and diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas the average for other large retailers is 18%.[84] Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials.[85]

Third-party sellers

Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.[86] Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.[87]

Affiliate program

Publishers can sign up as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.[88] In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads.[89] It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.[90]

Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.[91]

Product reviews

See also: Criticism of Amazon § Amazon reviews

Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "... the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.[92]

When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose".[93]

There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients[94] and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works.

Amazon sales rank

The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.[95] While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.[95] Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.[96] For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors.[97] While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,[98] though Amazon states:

Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources

— Amazon.com Help[99]

Physical stores

In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle. The store was 5,500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website.[100] Amazon opened its tenth physical book store in 2017;[101] media speculation at the time suggested that Amazon planned to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.[100] All of its locations were closed in 2022 along with other retail locations under the "Amazon 4-Star" brand.[102]

In July 2016, the company announced that it was opening a 1,100,000 ft (335,280.0 m) square foot facility in Palmer Township in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. As of 2024, Amazon is Lehigh Valley region's third-largest employer.[103][104]

In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco, as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.[105]

In 2020, Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[106]

Hardware and services

Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant Alexa, Amazon Music, and Prime Video for music and videos respectively, the Amazon Appstore for Android apps, the Kindle line of eink e-readers, Fire and Fire HD color LCD tablets. Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening.

In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of Astro, its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual.[107]

In January 2023, Amazon announced the launch of RXPass, a prescription drug delivery service. It allows U.S. Amazon Prime members to pay a $5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications. The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements. Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass.[108]

Subsidiaries

See also: List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon

Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services, Audible, Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics), One Medical, Shopbop, Teachstreet, Twitch, Zappos, and Zoox.[109]

Amazon Web Services

Main article: Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms. As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group.[110][111]

Audible

Main article: Audible (service)

Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks, radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.[112]

Goodreads

Main article: Goodreads

Goodreads is a "social cataloging" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.[113]

Ring

Main article: Ring (company)

Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1 billion in 2018.[114]

Twitch

Main article: Twitch (service)
 
Twitch at the Electronic Entertainment Expo

Twitch is a live streaming platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for $970 million.[115] The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service, leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the ESPN of esports".[116] As of 2015, the service had over 1.5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers.[117]

Whole Foods Market

 
Whole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor, Michigan

Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.[118] Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion in August 2017.[119][120][8]

Other

Other Amazon subsidiaries include:

  • A9.com, a company focused on researching and building innovative technology; it has been a subsidiary since 2003.[121]
  • Amazon Academy, formerly JEE Ready, is an online learning platform for engineering students to prepare for competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), launched by Amazon India on 13 January 2021
  • Amazon Maritime, Inc. holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non-vessel-owning common carrier (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.[122]
  • Amazon Pharmacy is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.[123]
  • Annapurna Labs, an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by Amazon Web Services in January 2015 .[124][125][126]
  • Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services, which applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission. Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx.[127][128]
  • Brilliance Audio, an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven, Michigan.[129] The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985.[129] The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.[130][131] At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.[131] It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.[132] The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.[132] It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.[132]
  • ComiXology, a cloud-based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.[133]
  • CreateSpace, which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.[134][135]
  • Eero, an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.[136] Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97 million.[137] Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.[138]
  • Health Navigator is a startup developing APIs for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under $1 billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.[139]
  • Junglee, a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.[140] Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012[141] as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.[142]
  • Kuiper Systems, a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3,236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.[143][144][145]
  • Lab126, developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle, became a subsidiary in 2004.[146]
  • Shelfari, a former social cataloging website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, tag and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.[113] Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari.[147][148]
  • Souq, the former largest e-commerce platform in the Arab world. The company launched in 2005 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and served multiple areas across the Middle East.[149] On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580 million.[150] The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.[151]

Amazon also has investments in renewable energy and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta.[152]

Operations

See also: List of Amazon locations

Logistics

 
Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station

Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include:

  • Amazon Air, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the US Postal Service.
 
Amazon delivery station in La Crosse by the La Crosse airport
 
Amazon Robotics fulfillment center robots moving picking shelves
  • Amazon Flex, a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now, same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.[153]
  • Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.[154]
  • Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service that delivers packages via drones to Amazon Prime subscribers in select cities.

Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "Amazon Hub Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.[155]

Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the US Postal Service (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by UPS.[156] In April 2021, Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in-house delivery capacity by 50% in the last 12 months (which included the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States).[157]

Supply chain

Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle, Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross-dock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.[158][159] Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics.[160]

In September 2006, Amazon launched a program called FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) whereby it could handle storage, packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers.[40]

  •  
    Amazon.fr fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, France
  •  
    Amazon.es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, Spain
  •  
    Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UK
  •  
    Amazon.de fulfillment center in Graben, Germany
  •  
    Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa, Japan
  •  
    Amazon fulfillment center in Macon, Georgia, US

Corporate affairs

Board of directors

 
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016

As of June 2022, Amazon's board of directors were:[161]

Ownership

The 10 largest shareholder of Amazon in early 2024 were:[60]

Finances

Sales by business (2023)[60]
Business share
Online Stores 40.3%
Third-party Seller Services 24.4%
Amazon Web Services 15.8%
Advertising 8.2%
Subscription Services 7.0%
Physical Stores 3.5%
Other 0.9%

Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.[162] As of 2018, Amazon.com is ranked eighth on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[163] In Forbes Global 2000 2023 Amazon ranked 36th.[164]

For the fiscal year 2021, Amazon reported earnings of US$33.36 billion, with an annual revenue of US$469.82 billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 469.822 billion, due to continued business expansion.[165]

Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.[166]

Year Revenue[167]
in million US$ 		Net income
in million US$ 		Total Assets
in million US$ 		Employees
1995[168] 0.5 −0.3 1.1
1996[168] 16 −6 8
1997[168] 148 −28 149 614
1998[169] 610 −124 648 2,100
1999[169] 1,639 −720 2,466 7,600
2000[169] 2,761 −1,411 2,135 9,000
2001[169] 3,122 −567 1,638 7,800
2002[169] 3,932 −149 1,990 7,500
2003[170] 5,263 35 2,162 7,800
2004[170] 6,921 588 3,248 9,000
2005[170] 8,490 359 3,696 12,000
2006[170] 10,711 190 4,363 13,900
2007[170] 14,835 476 6,485 17,000
2008[171] 19,166 645 8,314 20,700
2009[172] 24,509 902 13,813 24,300
2010[173] 34,204 1,152 18,797 33,700
2011[174] 48,077 631 25,278 56,200
2012[175] 61,093 −39 32,555 88,400
2013[176] 74,452 274 40,159 117,300
2014[177] 88,988 −241 54,505 154,100
2015[178] 107,006 596 64,747 230,800
2016[179] 135,987 2,371 83,402 341,400
2017[180] 177,866 3,033 131,310 566,000
2018[181] 232,887 10,073 162,648 647,500
2019[182] 280,522 11,588 225,248 798,000
2020[183] 386,064 21,331 321,195 1,298,000
2021[184] 469,822 33,364 420,549 1,608,000
2022[184] 513,983 −2,722 462,675 1,541,000
2023[1] 574,785 30,425 527,854 1,525,000

Corporate culture

During his tenure, Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters, which have gained similar notability to those of Warren Buffett.[185] These annual letters gave an "invaluable window" into the famously "secretive" company, and revealed Bezos's perspectives and strategic focus.[185][186] A common theme of these letters is Bezos's desire to instill customer-centricity (in his words, "customer obsession") at all levels of Amazon, notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers. He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address.[187] One of Bezos's most well-known internal memos was his mandate for "all teams" to "expose their data and functionality" through service interfaces "designed from the ground up to be externalizable". This process, commonly known as a service-oriented architecture (SOA), resulted in mandatory dogfooding of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS.[citation needed]

Lobbying

Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and data protection and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.[188] In 2019, it spent $16.8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists.[189]

Amazon.com was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.[190]

In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld lobbying firm in June.[191] Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.[192] In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.[193]

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of Amazon
 
A sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle.

Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;[194] forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA;[195] leading customers away from bookshops;[196] adversely impacting the environment;[197] placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers;[198] actively opposing unionization efforts;[199] remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its 1-Click technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and price discrimination;[30][31] and reclassifying LGBT books as adult content.[200][201] Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website, works containing libel, anti-LGBT merchandise, and material facilitating dogfight, cockfight, or pedophile activities. An article published by Time in the wake of social media website Parler's termination of service by Amazon Web Service highlights the power companies like Amazon now have over the internet.[202] In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.[203] Companies like Groupon, eBay and Taap have countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.[204][205]

The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to Brad Stone, "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."[59] In July 2014, the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.[206] In 2019, Amazon banned selling skin-lightening products after pushback from Minnesota health and environmental activists.[207] In 2022, a lawsuit filed by state attorney-general Letitia James was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals.[208] After the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon faced criticism for complying, under pressure from the Biden Administration, to "reduce the visibility” of books critical of the COVID-19 vaccine,[209][210] which was revealed after Rep. Jim Jordan (acting on behalf of the House Judiciary Committee) subpoenaed emails between the company and the Biden Administration.[211]

Jane Friedman[212] discovered six listings of books fraudulently using her name, on Amazon and Goodreads. Amazon and Goodreads resisted removing the fraudulent titles until the author's complaints went viral on social media, in a blog post titled "I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This (Or: Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires)."[213][214][215][216]

In 2024, following years of criticism for providing law enforcement footage in the custody of Ring (a home security company owned by Amazon) without a warrant, Ring has halted this practice.[217] It received cautious praise from privacy-focused organizations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation for this change.[217]

See also

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January 01, 1970
amazon, company, this, article, about, multinational, technology, company, other, companies, amazon, disambiguation, businesses, organizations, amazon, doing, business, amazon, also, zən, american, multinational, technology, company, engaged, commerce, cloud, . This article is about the multinational technology company For other companies see Amazon disambiguation Businesses and organizations Amazon com Inc 1 doing business as Amazon ˈ ae m e z ɒ n AM e zon UK also ˈ ae m e z e n AM e zen is an American multinational technology company engaged in e commerce cloud computing online advertising digital streaming and artificial intelligence 5 It is considered one of the Big Five American technology companies the other four are Alphabet parent company of Google Apple Meta parent company of Facebook and Microsoft Amazon com Inc Logo used since January 2000Amazon s headquarters the DopplerTrade nameAmazonFormerlyCadabra Inc 1994 1995 Company typePublicTraded asNasdaq AMZNNasdaq 100 componentDJIA componentS amp P 100 componentS amp P 500 componentISINUS0231351067IndustryConglomerateFoundedJuly 5 1994 29 years ago 1994 07 05 in Bellevue Washington U S FounderJeff BezosHeadquartersSeattle Washington and Arlington Virginia U S Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJeff Bezos executive chairman Andy Jassy president and CEO ProductsEchoFire TabletFire TVFire OSKindleServicesAmazon com Amazon Alexa Amazon Appstore Amazon Clinic Amazon Inspire Amazon Luna Amazon Music Amazon Pay Amazon Prime Amazon Prime Video MGM One Medical Twitch Ring Amazon Web Services Amazon RoboticsRevenueUS 574 8 billion 2023 Operating incomeUS 36 85 billion 2023 Net incomeUS 30 43 billion 2023 Total assetsUS 527 9 billion 2023 Total equityUS 201 9 billion 2023 OwnerJeff Bezos 9 8 Number of employees 1 525 000 2023 SubsidiariesList A9 comAbeBooksAlexa InternetAmazon comAmazon AirAmazon BooksAmazon FreshAmazon GamesAmazon Lab126Amazon LogisticsAmazon PharmacyAmazon PublishingAmazon RoboticsAmazon MGM StudiosAWSAudibleBlinkBody LabsBook DepositoryComiXologyEero LLCGoodreadsGraphiqIMDbKuiper SystemsPillPackRingSouq comTwitch InteractiveWhole Foods MarketWootZapposZooxWebsiteamazon comFootnotes references 1 2 3 4 Amazon was founded on July 5 1994 by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue Washington 6 The company originally started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories This diversification led to it being referred to as The Everything Store 7 The company has multiple subsidiaries including Amazon Web Services providing cloud computing Zoox a self driving car division Kuiper Systems a satellite Internet provider and Amazon Lab126 a computer hardware R amp D provider Other subsidiaries include Ring Twitch IMDb and Whole Foods Market Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US 13 4 billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a physical retailer 8 Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures 9 10 11 12 As of 2023 update it is the world s largest online retailer and marketplace smart speaker provider cloud computing service through AWS 13 live streaming service through Twitch and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share 14 In 2021 it surpassed Walmart as the world s largest retailer outside of China driven in large part by its paid subscription plan Amazon Prime which has close to 200 million subscribers worldwide 15 16 It is the second largest private employer in the United States 17 As of October 2023 Amazon is the 12th most visited website in the world and 82 of its traffic comes from the United States 18 19 Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video MGM Amazon Music Twitch Audible and Wondery 20 units It publishes books through its publishing arm Amazon Publishing film and television content through Amazon MGM Studios including the Metro Goldwyn Mayer studio which acquired in March 2022 It also produces consumer electronics most notably Kindle e readers Echo devices Fire tablets and Fire TVs Amazon has been criticized for customer data collection practices 21 a toxic work culture 22 censorship 23 24 25 26 27 tax avoidance 28 29 and anti competitive behavior 30 31 Contents 1 History 1 1 1994 2009 1 2 2010 present 2 Products and services 2 1 Amazon com 2 1 1 Merchant partnerships 2 1 2 Private label products 2 1 3 Third party sellers 2 1 4 Affiliate program 2 1 5 Product reviews 2 1 6 Amazon sales rank 2 2 Physical stores 2 3 Hardware and services 2 4 Subsidiaries 2 4 1 Amazon Web Services 2 4 2 Audible 2 4 3 Goodreads 2 4 4 Ring 2 4 5 Twitch 2 4 6 Whole Foods Market 2 4 7 Other 3 Operations 3 1 Logistics 3 2 Supply chain 4 Corporate affairs 4 1 Board of directors 4 2 Ownership 4 3 Finances 4 4 Corporate culture 4 5 Lobbying 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistoryMain article History of Amazon 1994 2009 Amazon was founded on July 5 1994 by Jeff Bezos who chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent as Microsoft was in the area 32 Amazon went public in May 1997 It began selling music and videos in 1998 and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany In the subsequent year it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products including music video games consumer electronics home improvement items software games and toys 33 34 In 2002 it launched Amazon Web Services AWS which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon s ecommerce platform 35 36 In 2004 AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service 37 AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service S3 in 2006 38 and Elastic Compute Cloud EC2 in 2008 39 allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon In 2006 Amazon also launched theFulfillment by Amazonprogram which allowed individuals and small companies called third party sellers to sell products through Amazon s warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure 40 2010 present Amazon purchased the Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017 41 It is the leading e retailer in the United States with approximately US 178 billion net sales in 2017 It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally 42 Amazon saw large growth during the COVID 19 pandemic hiring more than 100 000 staff in the United States and Canada 43 Some Amazon workers in the US France and Italy protested the company s decision to run normal shifts due to COVID 19 s ease of spread in warehouses 44 45 In Spain the company faced legal complaints over its policies 46 while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety 47 On February 2 2021 Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon s board The transition officially took place on July 5 2021 with former CEO of AWS Andy Jassy replacing him as CEO 48 49 In January 2023 Amazon cut over 18 000 jobs primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs 50 On November 8 2023 a plan was adopted for Jeff Bezos to sell approximately 50 million shares of the company over the next year the deadline for the entire sales plan is January 31 2025 The first step was the sale of 12 million shares for about 2 billion 51 Products and servicesMain article List of Amazon products and services Amazon com amazon com nbsp Logo since January 2000Screenshot nbsp HomepageType of siteE commerceAvailable inArabicChineseDutchEnglishFrenchGermanHindiItalianJapanesePolishPortugueseSpanishSwedishTurkishOwnerAmazonURLamazon wbr com original US site CommercialYesRegistrationOptionalLaunched1995 29 years ago 1995 Current statusActiveWritten inC and Java 52 Amazon com is an e commerce platform that sells many product lines including media books movies music and software apparel baby products consumer electronics beauty products gourmet food groceries health and personal care products industrial amp scientific supplies kitchen items jewelry watches lawn and garden items musical instruments sporting goods tools automotive items toys and games and farm supplies 53 and consulting services 54 Amazon websites are country specific for example amazon com for the US and amazon co uk for UK though some offer international shipping 55 Visits to amazon com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008 56 to more than 2 billion per month in 2022 57 The e commerce platform is the 14th most visited website in the world 58 Results generated by Amazon s search engine are partly determined by promotional fees 59 The company s localized storefronts which differ in selection and prices are differentiated by top level domain and country code nbsp Amazon Marketplaces worldwide Top Level Domain Served by neighboring Domain Sales by country 2023 60 Country share United States 69 3 Germany 6 5 United Kingdom 5 8 Japan 4 8 Other 13 6 Region Country Domain name Since Languages Notes Africa Egypt amazon eg September 2021 Arabic English Formerly known as Souq com Egypt Americas Brazil amazon com br December 2012 Portuguese Canada amazon ca June 2002 English French Mexico amazon com mx August 2013 Spanish United States amazon com July 1995 English Spanish Arabic German Hebrew Korean Portuguese Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional International customers without a localized Amazon website may purchase eBooks from the Kindle Store on Amazon US 61 Asia China amazon cn September 2004 Chinese Simplified Formerly known as Joyo com CHN India amazon in June 2013 English Hindi Tamil Telugu Kannada Malayalam Bengali Marathi Japan amazon co jp November 2000 Japanese English Chinese Simplified Saudi Arabia amazon sa June 2020 Arabic English Formerly known as Souq com KSA Singapore amazon sg July 2017 English Turkey amazon com tr September 2018 Turkish United Arab Emirates amazon ae May 2019 Arabic English Formerly known as Souq com UAE Europe Belgium amazon com be October 2022 Dutch French English France amazon fr August 2000 French Germany amazon de October 1998 German English Czech Dutch Polish Turkish Also serves Austria 62 Denmark 63 and Switzerland 64 Italy amazon it November 2010 Italian Netherlands amazon nl November 2014 Dutch English Initially only books amp e books full shop opened March 2020 65 Poland amazon pl March 2021 Polish Spain amazon es September 2011 Spanish Portuguese Also serves Portugal 66 Sweden amazon se October 2020 Swedish English United Kingdom amazon co uk October 1998 English Also serves Ireland 67 Oceania Australia amazon com au November 2017 English Also serves New Zealand 68 Merchant partnerships In 2000 US toy retailer Toys R Us entered into a 10 year agreement with Amazon valued at 50 million per year plus a cut of sales under which Toys R Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service and the chain s website would redirect to Amazon s Toys amp Games category In 2004 Toys R Us sued Amazon claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys R Us stock Amazon had knowingly allowed third party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys R Us had been granted exclusivity In 2006 a court ruled in favor of Toys R Us giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e commerce website The company was later awarded 51 million in damages 69 70 71 In 2001 Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group under which Amazon would comanage Borders com as a co branded service 72 Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007 with plans to also launch its own online store 73 On October 18 2011 Amazon com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics including Superman Batman Green Lantern The Sandman and Watchmen The partnership has caused well known bookstores like Barnes amp Noble to remove these titles from their shelves 74 In November 2013 Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays The service included in Amazon s standard shipping rates initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high volume and inability to deliver in a timely way with plans to expand into Dallas Houston New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014 75 In June 2017 Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods 76 77 This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019 77 78 Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods 79 In September 2017 Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US 104 44 million 759 crore in financial year 2017 2018 80 As of October 11 2017 update AmazonFresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas 81 In November 2018 Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc to sell selected products through the service via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers As a result of this partnership only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4 2019 82 83 Private label products Main article List of Amazon brands Amazon sells many products under its own brand names including phone chargers batteries and diaper wipes The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009 and now features hundreds of product lines including smartphone cases computer mice batteries dumbbells and dog crates Amazon owned 34 private label brands as of 2019 These brands account for 0 15 of Amazon s global sales whereas the average for other large retailers is 18 84 Other Amazon retail brands include Presto Mama Bear and Amazon Essentials 85 Third party sellers Amazon derives many of its sales around 40 in 2008 from third party sellers who sell products on Amazon 86 Some other large e commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites The sales are processed through Amazon com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price 87 Affiliate program Publishers can sign up as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale Worldwide Amazon has over 900 000 members in its affiliate programs 88 In the middle of 2014 the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1 2 of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads 89 It is frequently used by websites and non profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission 90 Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services AWS XML service A new affiliate product aStore allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website or linked to another website In June 2010 Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third party sellers to sell on Amazon Products suggested are based on customers browsing history 91 Product reviews See also Criticism of Amazon Amazon reviews Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer based on confirmation of a credit card account or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity As of December 16 2020 Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies abuse If a review is given enough helpful hits it appears on the front page of the product In 2010 Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews 92 When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon com was taking a different approach we want to make every book available the good the bad and the ugly to let truth loose 93 There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients 94 and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals works Amazon sales rank The Amazon sales rank ASR indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly Effectively it is a best sellers list for the millions of products stocked by Amazon 95 While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists 95 Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales In particular products that experience large jumps up or down in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon s lists of movers and shakers such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales 96 For competitive reasons Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public However Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors 97 While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers manufacturers and marketers Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR 98 though Amazon states Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources Amazon com Help 99 Physical stores In November 2015 Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle The store was 5 500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website 100 Amazon opened its tenth physical book store in 2017 101 media speculation at the time suggested that Amazon planned to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country 100 All of its locations were closed in 2022 along with other retail locations under the Amazon 4 Star brand 102 In July 2016 the company announced that it was opening a 1 100 000 ft 335 280 0 m square foot facility in Palmer Township in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania As of 2024 Amazon is Lehigh Valley region s third largest employer 103 104 In August 2019 Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city 105 In 2020 Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the U S and the United Kingdom 106 Hardware and services Amazon has a number of products and services available including its digital assistant Alexa Amazon Music and Prime Video for music and videos respectively the Amazon Appstore for Android apps the Kindle line of eink e readers Fire and Fire HD color LCD tablets Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening In September 2021 Amazon announced the launch of Astro its first household robot powered by its Alexa smart home technology This can be remote controlled when not at home to check on pets people or home security It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual 107 In January 2023 Amazon announced the launch of RXPass a prescription drug delivery service It allows U S Amazon Prime members to pay a 5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass 108 Subsidiaries See also List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries including Amazon Web Services Audible Diapers com Goodreads IMDb Kiva Systems now Amazon Robotics One Medical Shopbop Teachstreet Twitch Zappos and Zoox 109 Amazon Web Services Main article Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services AWS is a subsidiary of that provides on demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals companies and governments on a metered pay as you go basis These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms As of 2021 Q4 AWS has 33 market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21 and 10 respectively according to Synergy Group 110 111 Audible Main article Audible service Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment information and educational programming on the Internet Audible sells digital audiobooks radio and television programs and audio versions of magazines and newspapers Through its production arm Audible Studios Audible has also become the world s largest producer of downloadable audiobooks On January 31 2008 Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about 300 million The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon 112 Goodreads Main article Goodreads Goodreads is a social cataloging website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler a software engineer and entrepreneur and Elizabeth Khuri The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads extensive user populated database of books annotations and reviews Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions In December 2007 the site had over 650 000 members and over a million books had been added Amazon bought the company in March 2013 113 Ring Main article Ring company Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013 It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells but manufactures other devices such as security cameras Amazon bought Ring for US 1 billion in 2018 114 Twitch Main article Twitch service nbsp Twitch at the Electronic Entertainment Expo Twitch is a live streaming platform for video primarily oriented towards video gaming content Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for 970 million 115 The site s rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as the ESPN of esports 116 As of 2015 update the service had over 1 5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers 117 Whole Foods Market nbsp Whole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor Michigan Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives colors flavors sweeteners and hydrogenated fats 118 Amazon acquired Whole Foods for 13 7 billion in August 2017 119 120 8 Other Other Amazon subsidiaries include A9 com a company focused on researching and building innovative technology it has been a subsidiary since 2003 121 Amazon Academy formerly JEE Ready is an online learning platform for engineering students to prepare for competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination JEE launched by Amazon India on 13 January 2021 Amazon Maritime Inc holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non vessel owning common carrier NVOCC which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States 122 Amazon Pharmacy is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs launched in November 2020 The service provides discounts up to 80 for generic drugs and up to 40 for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users The products can be purchased on the company s website or at over 50 000 bricks and mortar pharmacies in the United States 123 Annapurna Labs an Israel based microelectronics company reputedly for US 350 370M acquired by Amazon Web Services in January 2015 124 125 126 Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services which applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx 127 128 Brilliance Audio an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven Michigan 129 The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985 129 The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount 130 131 At the time of the acquisition Brilliance was producing 12 15 new titles a month 131 It operates as an independent company within Amazon In 1984 Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette 132 The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track 132 It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid 1980s since it made unabridged books affordable 132 ComiXology a cloud based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013 update It offers a selection of more than 40 000 comic books and graphic novels across Android iOS Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser Amazon bought the company in April 2014 133 CreateSpace which offers self publishing services for independent content creators publishers film studios and music labels became a subsidiary in 2009 134 135 Eero an electronics company specializing in mesh networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver Amos Schallich and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home 136 Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US 97 million 137 Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company s acquisition 138 Health Navigator is a startup developing APIs for online health services acquired in October 2019 The startup will form part of Amazon Care which is the company s employee healthcare service This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under 1 billion which has also been included into Amazon Care 139 Junglee a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications As it progressed Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase Web shoppers could locate compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window 140 Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998 and the website Junglee com was launched in India in February 2012 141 as a comparison shopping website It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing electronics toys jewelry and video games among others across thousands of online and offline sellers Millions of products are browsable the client selects a price and then they are directed to a seller In November 2017 Amazon closed down Junglee com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India 142 Kuiper Systems a subsidiary of Amazon set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3 236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity 143 144 145 Lab126 developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle became a subsidiary in 2004 146 Shelfari a former social cataloging website for books Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate review tag and discuss their books Users could also create groups that other members could join create discussions and talk about books or other topics Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read Amazon bought the company in August 2008 113 Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016 when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari 147 148 Souq the former largest e commerce platform in the Arab world The company launched in 2005 in Dubai United Arab Emirates and served multiple areas across the Middle East 149 On March 28 2017 Amazon acquired Souq com for 580 million 150 The company was re branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon s online platform in the Middle East 151 Amazon also has investments in renewable energy and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta 152 OperationsSee also List of Amazon locations Logistics nbsp Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages Amazon branded services include Amazon Air a cargo airline for bulk transport with last mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex Amazon Logistics or the US Postal Service nbsp Amazon delivery station in La Crosse by the La Crosse airport nbsp Amazon Robotics fulfillment center robots moving picking shelves Amazon Flex a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries and standard Amazon com orders in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon 153 Amazon Logistics in which Amazon contracts with small businesses which it calls Delivery Service Partners to perform deliveries to customers Each business has a fleet of approximately 20 40 Amazon branded vans and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms As of December 2020 it operates in the United States Canada Italy Germany Spain and the United Kingdom 154 Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service that delivers packages via drones to Amazon Prime subscribers in select cities Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses bulk distribution centers staffed Amazon Hub Locker locations and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages As of December 2020 it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees 155 Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States the proportion of last mile deliveries was 56 by Amazon s directly contracted services mostly in urban areas 30 by the US Postal Service mostly in rural areas and 14 by UPS 156 In April 2021 Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in house delivery capacity by 50 in the last 12 months which included the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic in the United States 157 Supply chain Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle Delaware Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross dock centers fulfillment centers sortation centers delivery stations Prime now hubs and Prime air hubs There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125 000 employees 158 159 Employees are responsible for five basic tasks unpacking and inspecting incoming goods placing goods in storage and recording their location picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment sorting and packing orders and shipping A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role employees carry hand held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics 160 In September 2006 Amazon launched a program called FBA Fulfillment By Amazon whereby it could handle storage packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers 40 nbsp Amazon fr fulfillment center in Lauwin Planque France nbsp Amazon es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares Spain nbsp Amazon co uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes Scotland UK nbsp Amazon de fulfillment center in Graben Germany nbsp Amazon co jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa Japan nbsp Amazon fulfillment center in Macon Georgia USCorporate affairsBoard of directors nbsp Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016 As of June 2022 update Amazon s board of directors were 161 Jeff Bezos executive chairman Amazon com Inc Andy Jassy president and CEO Amazon com Inc Keith B Alexander CEO of IronNet Cybersecurity former NSA director Edith W Cooper co founder of Medley and former EVP of Goldman Sachs Jamie Gorelick partner Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Daniel P Huttenlocher dean of the Schwarzman College of Computing Massachusetts Institute of Technology Judy McGrath former CEO MTV Networks Indra Nooyi former CEO PepsiCo Jon Rubinstein former chairman and CEO Palm Inc Patty Stonesifer president and CEO Martha s Table Wendell P Weeks chairman president and CEO Corning Inc Ownership The 10 largest shareholder of Amazon in early 2024 were 60 Shareholder name Percentage Jeff Bezos 9 1 The Vanguard Group 7 5 BlackRock 4 6 State Street Corporation 3 3 Fidelity Investments 3 1 MacKenzie Scott 1 9 T Rowe Price 1 9 Geode Capital Management 1 8 JP Morgan Investment Management 1 5 Eaton Vance 1 5 Others 63 8 Finances Sales by business 2023 60 Business share Online Stores 40 3 Third party Seller Services 24 4 Amazon Web Services 15 8 Advertising 8 2 Subscription Services 7 0 Physical Stores 3 5 Other 0 9 Amazon com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products 162 As of 2018 update Amazon com is ranked eighth on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue 163 In Forbes Global 2000 2023 Amazon ranked 36th 164 For the fiscal year 2021 Amazon reported earnings of US 33 36 billion with an annual revenue of US 469 82 billion an increase of 21 7 over the previous fiscal cycle Since 2007 sales increased from 14 835 billion to 469 822 billion due to continued business expansion 165 Amazon s market capitalization went over US 1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results 166 Year Revenue 167 in million US Net incomein million US Total Assetsin million US Employees 1995 168 0 5 0 3 1 1 1996 168 16 6 8 1997 168 148 28 149 614 1998 169 610 124 648 2 100 1999 169 1 639 720 2 466 7 600 2000 169 2 761 1 411 2 135 9 000 2001 169 3 122 567 1 638 7 800 2002 169 3 932 149 1 990 7 500 2003 170 5 263 35 2 162 7 800 2004 170 6 921 588 3 248 9 000 2005 170 8 490 359 3 696 12 000 2006 170 10 711 190 4 363 13 900 2007 170 14 835 476 6 485 17 000 2008 171 19 166 645 8 314 20 700 2009 172 24 509 902 13 813 24 300 2010 173 34 204 1 152 18 797 33 700 2011 174 48 077 631 25 278 56 200 2012 175 61 093 39 32 555 88 400 2013 176 74 452 274 40 159 117 300 2014 177 88 988 241 54 505 154 100 2015 178 107 006 596 64 747 230 800 2016 179 135 987 2 371 83 402 341 400 2017 180 177 866 3 033 131 310 566 000 2018 181 232 887 10 073 162 648 647 500 2019 182 280 522 11 588 225 248 798 000 2020 183 386 064 21 331 321 195 1 298 000 2021 184 469 822 33 364 420 549 1 608 000 2022 184 513 983 2 722 462 675 1 541 000 2023 1 574 785 30 425 527 854 1 525 000 Corporate culture During his tenure Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters which have gained similar notability to those of Warren Buffett 185 These annual letters gave an invaluable window into the famously secretive company and revealed Bezos s perspectives and strategic focus 185 186 A common theme of these letters is Bezos s desire to instill customer centricity in his words customer obsession at all levels of Amazon notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address 187 One of Bezos s most well known internal memos was his mandate for all teams to expose their data and functionality through service interfaces designed from the ground up to be externalizable This process commonly known as a service oriented architecture SOA resulted in mandatory dogfooding of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS citation needed Lobbying Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales transportation safety privacy and data protection and intellectual property According to regulatory filings Amazon com focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve Amazon com spent roughly 3 5 million 5 million and 9 5 million on lobbying in 2013 2014 and 2015 respectively 188 In 2019 it spent 16 8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists 189 Amazon com was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ALEC until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders meeting on May 24 2012 190 In 2014 Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer amp Feld lobbying firm in June 191 Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington D C to explain its plans to deliver packages 192 In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA 193 CriticismMain article Criticism of Amazon nbsp A sticker expressing an anti Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions including supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools 194 forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA 195 leading customers away from bookshops 196 adversely impacting the environment 197 placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers 198 actively opposing unionization efforts 199 remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users taking public subsidies seeking to patent its 1 Click technology engaging in anti competitive actions and price discrimination 30 31 and reclassifying LGBT books as adult content 200 201 Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website works containing libel anti LGBT merchandise and material facilitating dogfight cockfight or pedophile activities An article published by Time in the wake of social media website Parler s termination of service by Amazon Web Service highlights the power companies like Amazon now have over the internet 202 In December 2011 Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one day deal to promote its new Price Check app Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick and mortar store were offered a 5 discount to purchase the same item from Amazon 203 Companies like Groupon eBay and Taap have countered Amazon s promotion by offering 10 off from their products 204 205 The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project after Bezos suggested according to Brad Stone that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle 59 In July 2014 the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in app purchases to children which were being transacted without parental consent 206 In 2019 Amazon banned selling skin lightening products after pushback from Minnesota health and environmental activists 207 In 2022 a lawsuit filed by state attorney general Letitia James was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals 208 After the COVID 19 pandemic Amazon faced criticism for complying under pressure from the Biden Administration to reduce the visibility of books critical of the COVID 19 vaccine 209 210 which was revealed after Rep Jim Jordan acting on behalf of the House Judiciary Committee subpoenaed emails between the company and the Biden Administration 211 Jane Friedman 212 discovered six listings of books fraudulently using her name on Amazon and Goodreads Amazon and Goodreads resisted removing the fraudulent titles until the author s complaints went viral on social media in a blog post titled I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This Or Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires 213 214 215 216 In 2024 following years of criticism for providing law enforcement footage in the custody of Ring a home security company owned by Amazon without a warrant Ring has halted this practice 217 It received cautious praise from privacy focused organizations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation for this change 217 See also nbsp Internet portal nbsp Companies portal Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award Amazon Pay Amazon Standard Identification Number ASIN Camelcamelcamel a website that tracks the 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Monday with discounts to begin then CNBC Archived from the original on September 13 2021 Retrieved September 13 2021 McCracken Harry September 29 2006 Amazon s A9 Search as We Knew It Dead PC World Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved September 6 2012 Steele B Amazon is now managing its own ocean freight Archived January 29 2017 at the Wayback Machine engadget com January 27 2017 accessed January 29 2017 Harry Dempsey November 17 2020 Amazon launches online pharmacy in challenge to traditional retailers Financial Times Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Retrieved November 17 2020 Amazon to buy Israeli start up Annapurna Labs Reuters January 22 2015 Archived from the original on September 15 2015 Retrieved January 24 2015 Whitwam Ryan January 23 2015 Amazon buys secretive chip maker Annapurna Labs for 350 million ExtremeTech Archived from the original on December 14 2020 Retrieved January 24 2015 Hirschauge Orr January 22 2015 Amazon to Acquire Israeli Chip Maker Annapurna Labs The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved October 20 2020 Is Logistics About To Get Amazon ed TechCrunch AOL January 29 2016 Archived from the original on June 22 2017 Retrieved June 25 2017 David Z Morris January 14 2016 Amazon China Has Its Ocean Shipping License Fortune Fortune Archived from the original on February 5 2016 Retrieved January 30 2016 a b Company Overview Brilliance Audio Archived from the original on February 9 2014 Retrieved February 14 2014 amazon com Acquires Brilliance Audio Taume News May 27 2007 Archived from the original on July 4 2007 Retrieved May 28 2007 a b Staci D Kramer May 23 2007 Amazon Acquires Audiobook Indie Brilliance Audio Gigaom Archived from the original on February 22 2014 Retrieved February 14 2014 a b c Virgil L P Blake 1990 Something New Has Been Added Aural Literacy and Libraries Information Literacies for the Twenty First Century G K Hall amp Co pp 203 218 Stone Brad April 11 2014 Amazon Buys ComiXology Takes Over Digital Leadership Bloomberg BusinessWeek Archived from the original on April 11 2014 Independent Publishing with CreateSpace CreateSpace An Amazon Company Archived from the original on November 26 2013 Retrieved January 22 2017 About CreateSpace History CreateSpace An Amazon Company Archived from the original on July 6 2017 Retrieved January 22 2017 Novet Jordan February 11 2019 Amazon is acquiring home Wi Fi start up Eero CNBC Tech Archived from the original on January 6 2022 Retrieved January 6 2022 Kraus Rachel April 5 2019 How Amazon s 97 million Eero acquisition screwed employees and minted millionaires Mashable Archived from the original on January 6 2022 Retrieved January 6 2022 Whittaker Zack February 12 2019 What Amazon s purchase of Eero means for your privacy TechCrunch Archived from the original on January 6 2022 Retrieved January 6 2022 Shu Catherine October 24 2019 Amazon acquires Health Navigator for Amazon Care its pilot employee healthcare program Tech Crunch Archived from the original on October 31 2019 Retrieved October 31 2019 Junglee boys strike gold on the net Archived from the original on December 17 2013 Amazon Launches Online Shopping Service In India reuters com February 2 2012 Archived from the original on August 2 2020 Retrieved July 5 2021 Amazon brings the curtains down on Junglee com finally vccircle com Archived from the original on January 4 2018 Retrieved February 1 2018 Sheetz Michael April 4 2019 Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space CNBC Archived from the original on April 4 2019 Retrieved April 4 2019 Henry Caleb April 4 2019 Amazon planning 3 236 satellite constellation for internet connectivity SpaceNews Archived from the original on April 5 2022 Retrieved April 5 2019 Brodkin Jon July 8 2019 Amazon plans nationwide broadband with both home and mobile service ars Technica Archived from the original on July 8 2019 Retrieved July 9 2019 Kuiper is wholly owned by Amazon and its president is Rajeev Badyal a former SpaceX vice president who was reportedly fired because SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was unsatisfied with his company s satellite broadband progress Avalos George September 19 2012 Amazon research unit Lab 126 agrees to big lease that could bring Sunnyvale 2 600 new workers The Mercury News Archived from the original on December 24 2019 Retrieved February 20 2019 Amazon Kills Shelfari The Reader s Room January 13 2016 Archived from the original on February 22 2019 Retrieved February 20 2019 Holiday J D January 13 2016 Shelfari Is Closing BUT You Can Merge Your Account with Goodreads The Book Marketing Network Archived from the original on February 6 2016 Retrieved January 20 2016 Amazon reaches deal to acquire Middle East e commerce site Souq com CNBC March 28 2017 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Document www sec gov Archived from the original on December 25 2018 Retrieved February 3 2019 Amazon launches new Middle East marketplace and rebrands Souq the company it bought for 580 million in 2017 CNBC April 30 2019 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Amazon unveils plan for a major solar power project in southern Alberta Archived from the original on May 7 2021 Retrieved May 21 2021 Frequently asked questions about Amazon Flex Archived from the original on January 4 2021 Retrieved December 31 2020 Amazon Logistics Frequently Asked Questions Archived from the original on February 4 2021 Retrieved December 31 2020 Find jobs by job category Archived from the original on November 29 2020 Retrieved December 31 2020 Prime Day early holiday sales create new potential for USPS ballot delivery tie ups Archived from the original on December 25 2020 Retrieved December 31 2020 Annie Palmer April 30 2021 Amazon is spending big to take on UPS and FedEx Archived from the original on September 22 2021 Retrieved September 22 2021 Routley Nick September 8 2018 Amazon s Massive Distribution Network in One Giant Visualization Archived from the original on July 7 2019 Retrieved July 7 2019 9 facts about Amazon s unprecedented warehouse empire November 21 2017 Archived from the original on July 7 2019 Retrieved July 7 2019 Amazon announces 2 new ways it s using robots to assist employees and deliver for customers US About Amazon October 18 2023 Archived from the original on October 22 2023 Retrieved October 22 2023 Officers amp Directors Amazon Archived from the original on March 19 2020 Retrieved July 2 2022 SWOT Analysis Amazon Archived from the original on December 3 2011 Retrieved December 17 2011 Fortune 500 Companies 2018 Who Made the List Fortune Archived from the original on November 10 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 The Global 2000 2023 Forbes Archived from the original on January 29 2024 Retrieved February 7 2024 Amazon annual revenue 2017 Statista Archived from the original on March 26 2021 Retrieved November 7 2018 Streitfeld David January 30 2020 Amazon Powers Ahead With Robust Profit The New York Times Archived from the original on January 30 2020 Retrieved February 2 2020 Amazon com Inc Common Stock AMZN Nasdaq Archived from the original on July 20 2021 Retrieved June 21 2021 a b c 1997 Annual Report PDF Amazon 1997 10K Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 a b c d e 2002 Amazon 10K PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 a b c d e 2007 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2008 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2009 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2010 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on November 11 2018 2011 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on November 11 2018 2012 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2013 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 Neate Rupert January 29 2015 Amazon reports 89bn in sales last year as shares jump 11 after hours The Guardian Archived from the original on August 16 2020 Retrieved November 7 2018 Roettgers Janko January 28 2016 Amazon Clocks 107 Billion In Revenue In 2015 Variety com Archived from the original on November 30 2020 Retrieved November 7 2018 Amazon sales hit 136B in 2016 dollar hurts overseas business The Seattle Times February 2 2017 Archived from the original on October 25 2020 Retrieved November 7 2018 Amazon 2017 sales jump by nearly a third BBC News February 1 2018 Archived from the original on September 16 2020 Retrieved November 7 2018 2018 Annual Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 27 2020 Retrieved January 12 2021 2019 Annual Report PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Amazon com Announces Fourth Quarter Results ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on February 2 2021 Retrieved February 10 2021 a b Amazon com Inc 2022 Form 10 K Annual Report US Securities and Exchange Commission February 3 2022 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b Gregg Tricia Groysberg Boris May 17 2019 Amazon s Priorities Over the Years Based on Jeff Bezos s Letters to Shareholders Harvard Business Review ISSN 0017 8012 Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 Manjoo Farhad August 10 2016 Think Amazon s Drone Delivery Idea Is a Gimmick Think Again The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 Ritson Mark February 3 2021 Jeff Bezos s success at Amazon is down to one thing focusing on the customer Marketing Week Archived from the original on September 27 2022 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon s Lobbying Expenditures Opensecrets org Archived from the original on December 7 2020 Retrieved August 9 2021 Client Profile Amazon com Centre for Responsive Politics Archived from the original on December 7 2020 Retrieved February 4 2020 Parkhurst Emily May 24 2012 Amazon shareholders met by protesters company cuts ties with ALEC Bizjournals com Archived from the original on July 27 2020 Retrieved May 29 2012 Romm Tony August 6 2014 In Amazon s shopping cart D C influence Politico com Politico Archived from the original on July 29 2020 Retrieved August 7 2014 Kang Cecilia December 27 2015 F A A Drone Laws Start to Clash With Stricter Local Rules The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 28 2015 Retrieved February 20 2019 Matt McFarland Amazon gets closer to drone delivery with FAA approval CNN Archived from the original on September 27 2020 Retrieved September 4 2020 Amazon is selling facial recognition to law enforcement for a fistful of dollars May 22 2018 Archived from the original on October 15 2020 Retrieved August 18 2018 Jeong May August 13 2018 Everybody immediately knew that it was for Amazon Has Bezos become more powerful in DC than Trump Vanity Fair Archived from the original on August 21 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 Leiber Nick December 7 2011 Amazon Lure s Shoppers Away from Stores Bloomberg BusinessWeek Archived from the original on December 8 2011 Retrieved December 7 2011 Jean Philippe Cavaillez March 5 2019 Plateforme logistique Amazon bras de fer dans l Est lyonnais Le Progres in French p 10 Archived from the original on October 24 2020 Retrieved March 7 2019 Greene Jay Alcantara Chris June 1 2021 Amazon warehouse workers suffer serious injuries at higher rates than other firms The Washington Post Archived from the original on March 31 2022 Retrieved April 11 2022 Matsakis Louise October 2 2018 Why Amazon Really Raised Its Minimum Wage to 15 Wired Archived from the original on October 30 2018 Retrieved June 10 2019 Slatterly Brennon April 13 2009 Amazon Glitch Yanks Sales Rank of Hundreds of LGBT Books PC World Archived from the original on July 28 2012 Retrieved July 28 2012 Armstrong Paul April 14 2009 Amazon Glitch caused gay censorship error CNN Archived from the original on October 24 2020 Retrieved May 17 2020 Alex Fitzpatrick January 21 2021 Why Amazon s Move to Drop Parler Is a Big Deal for the Future of the Internet Time Magazine Archived from the original on November 28 2023 Retrieved November 26 2023 Raice Shayndi December 20 2011 Groupon Launches Anti Amazon Promotion of Sorts WSJ Archived from the original on July 25 2020 Retrieved February 20 2019 Focus on Mobile Commerce While some still cry others fight back Internet Retailer Archived from the original on March 27 2016 Retrieved February 1 2012 What can retailers learn from Amazon Groupon and eBay Mobile Commerce Daily Multichannel retail support Mobile Commerce Daily December 20 2011 Archived from the original on February 7 2012 Retrieved February 1 2012 Complaint Federal Trade Commission v Amazon com Inc PDF PacerMonitor Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved June 16 2016 Amazon pulls racist skin lightening products www cbsnews com November 22 2019 Archived from the original on July 25 2020 Retrieved November 24 2019 Amazon com wins dismissal of NY attorney general lawsuit over worker safety Reuters Reuters May 10 2022 Archived from the original on May 10 2022 Retrieved May 10 2022 Miller Parker February 8 2024 The Amazon Files Biden likes banning books too you hypocrites Washington Examiner Archived from the original on February 14 2024 Retrieved February 14 2024 Biden administration pressured Amazon to censor books that questioned COVID vaccines Washington Times The Washington Times February 13 2024 Archived from the original on February 13 2024 Retrieved February 14 2024 Jordan Jim February 5 2024 Amazon Files Thread Archived from the original on February 14 2024 Retrieved February 14 2024 Books by Jane Friedman Jane Friedman com Archived from the original on August 10 2023 Retrieved August 9 2023 Friedman Jane August 7 2023 I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This Or Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires Jane Friedman Archived from the original on August 9 2023 Retrieved August 9 2023 Edwards Benj August 8 2023 Author discovers AI generated counterfeit books written in her name on Amazon Ars Technica Archived from the original on August 8 2023 Retrieved August 9 2023 Roscoe Jules June 28 2023 AI Generated Books of Nonsense Are All Over Amazon s Bestseller Lists Vice Archived from the original on August 8 2023 Retrieved August 9 2023 O Donovan Caroline July 2 2023 Goodreads was the future of book reviews Then Amazon bought it Washington Post Archived from the original on August 28 2023 Retrieved August 9 2023 a b Ring will no longer allow police to request users doorbell camera footage NPR NPR January 27 2024 Archived from the original on January 27 2024 Retrieved February 3 2024 Further readingBrandt Richard L 2011 One Click Jeff Bezos and the Rise of Amazon com New York Portfolio Penguin ISBN 978 1 59184 375 7 Archived from the original on February 22 2013 Retrieved December 18 2011 Daisey Mike 2002 21 Dog Years Free Press ISBN 0 7432 2580 5 Friedman Mara 2004 Amazon com for Dummies Wiley Publishing ISBN 0 7645 5840 4 Marcus James 2004 Amazonia Five Years at the Epicenter of the Dot Com Juggernaut W W Norton ISBN 1 56584 870 5 Spector Robert 2000 Amazon com Get Big Fast Inside the Revolutionary Business Model That Changed the World HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 662041 4 Stone Brad 2013 The Everything Store Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon New York Little Brown and Co ISBN 978 0 316 21926 6 OCLC 856249407 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amazon com Official website nbsp Amazon company companies grouped at OpenCorporates Business data for Amazon com Inc BloombergGoogleSEC filingsYahoo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amazon company amp oldid 1220932861 Website, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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