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Wikipedia

IKEA

February 04, 2023

For the city in Nigeria, see Ikeja.

IKEA (Swedish: [ɪˈkêːa]; US: /aɪˈkiːə/) is a Swedish multinational conglomerate based in the Netherlands that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, kitchen appliances, decoration, home accessories, and various other goods and home services. Started in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA has been the world's largest furniture retailer since 2008.[6][7][8][9][10] The brand used by the group is derived from an acronym that consists of the founder's initials, and those of Elmtaryd, the family farm where he was born, and the nearby village Agunnaryd (his hometown in Småland, southern Sweden).[11][12]

Inter IKEA Systems B.V.
TypePrivate
IndustryRetail
Founded28 July 1943; 79 years ago (1943-07-28)[1] in Sweden
FounderIngvar Kamprad
Headquarters52°10′02″N 4°28′55″E / 52.1673°N 4.4819°E / 52.1673; 4.4819Coordinates: 52°10′02″N 4°28′55″E / 52.1673°N 4.4819°E / 52.1673; 4.4819,
Delft
,
Netherlands
Number of locations
445 (2021)[2]
Area served
Key people
Products
Revenue €41.9 billion (2021)[5]
Website
  • about.ikea.com
  • www.ingka.com
  • www.ikea.com (retail)

The group is primarily known for its modernist designs for various types of appliances and furniture, and its interior design work is often associated with simplicity. In addition, the firm is known for its attention to cost control, operational details, and continuous product development that has allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent.

As of March 2021, there are 422 IKEA stores operating in 50 countries[13] and in fiscal year 2018, €38.8 billion (US$44.6 billion) worth of IKEA goods were sold.[14] For multiple reasons, including lowering taxes payable, IKEA uses a complicated corporate structure. Within this structure, all IKEA stores are operated under franchise from Inter IKEA Systems B.V. which handles branding, design, manufacturing, and supply. Another part of the IKEA group, Ingka Group, operates the majority of IKEA stores as a franchisee and pays royalties to Inter IKEA Systems B.V.[15][16] Some IKEA stores are also operated by independent franchisees.[17]

The IKEA website contains about 12,000 products and there were over 2.1 billion visitors to IKEA's websites in the year from September 2015 to August 2016.[18][19]

The group is responsible for approximately 1% of world commercial-product wood consumption, making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector.[20] IKEA claims to use 99.5% recycled or FSC-certified wood.[21] However, IKEA has been shown to be involved in unsustainable and most likely illegal logging of old-growth and protected forests in multiple Eastern European countries in recent years.[22][23][24]

History

See also: § Alternative store designs; and § Ventures beyond furniture, homeware and Swedish food
 
IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad (right) shakes hands with Hans Ax, IKEA's first store manager, in 1965.
 
Map of countries with IKEA stores
Legend:
  Current market locations
  Future market locations
  Former market locations
  No current or planned market locations

In 1943, then-17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA as a mail-order sales business, and began to sell furniture five years later.[25] The first store was opened in Älmhult, Småland, in 1958, under the name Möbel-IKÉA (Möbel means "furniture" in Swedish). The first stores outside Sweden were opened in Norway (1963) and Denmark (1969).[26] The stores spread to other parts of Europe in the 1970s, with the first store outside Scandinavia opening in Switzerland (1973), followed by West Germany (1974),[26] Japan (1974), Australia, Canada (1975),[27][28] Hong Kong (1975), Singapore and the Netherlands (1978).[29] IKEA further expanded in the 1980s, opening stores in countries such as France and Spain (1981), Belgium (1984),[30] the United States (1985),[31] the United Kingdom (1987),[32] and Italy (1989).[33][29] Germany, with 53 stores, is IKEA's biggest market, followed by the United States, with 51 stores.

IKEA entered Latin America in February 2010, opening in the Dominican Republic.[34] As for the region's largest markets, on 8 April 2021, a store was opened in Mexico City. In August 2018, IKEA opened its first store in India, in Hyderabad.[35][36]

In November 2021, IKEA opened its largest store in the world, measuring 65,000 square metres (700,000 sq ft),[37] in the Philippines at the Mall of Asia Complex in Pasay City.[38][39][40] On 10 August 2022, IKEA opened its first store in Chile. This is its the first store in South America. Another store is expected to open in Colombia by 2023, soon to be followed by a store in Peru. [41][42][43]

In March 2022, IKEA announced the closing of all 17 stores in Russia, resulting from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the first market in which they suspended business. However, Ingka also owns 14 shopping centers across Russia operating under its Mega brand. These will remain open.[44] Due to the ongoing war and unimproved situation in Russia, IKEA said on 15 June that it would sell factories, close offices and reduce its work force.[45] Later it became known that IKEA does not plan to sell its business, but expects to return to Russia within two years. About 700 people will continue to work for the company during this period.[46] By October 2022, IKEA laid off about 10,000 Russian employees.[47]

IKEA was hit hard by COVID-19 due to lockdown in various countries, like in the UK and Canada.[48][49] Because demand had fallen,[50] its annual catalogue ceased publication after 70 years in print.[51] The prices of their products have risen significantly in 2022 due to rising costs and inflation.[52] In April 2022, IKEA has shut down one of its stores in Guiyang when sales took a significant hit from the pandemic. Due to strict COVID-19 lockdowns in China, IKEA is considering closing another store in Shanghai by July 2022.[53] IKEA is also facing stock shortages and shipping problems that may continue until the end of 2022.[54]

First store opening in each location

Main article: List of countries with IKEA stores

1 then British Hong Kong, 2 then part of Czechoslovakia, 3 then part of Yugoslavia

Store layout

 
Interior of an IKEA store in Hong Kong
 
The self-service warehouse area

Traditional store layout

IKEA stores are typically blue buildings with yellow accents[55] (also Sweden's national colours). They are often designed in a one-way layout, leading customers counter-clockwise along what IKEA calls "the long natural way" designed to encourage the customer to see the store in its entirety (as opposed to a traditional retail store, which allows a customer to go directly to the section where the desired goods and services are displayed). There are often shortcuts to other parts of the showroom.[56]

The sequence first involves going through the furniture showrooms making note of selected items. The customer collects a shopping cart and proceeds to an open-shelf "Market Hall" warehouse for smaller items, visits the self-service furniture warehouse to collect previously noted showroom products in flat pack form. Sometimes, they are directed to collect products from an external warehouse on the same site or at a site nearby after purchase. Finally, customers pay for their products at a cash register. Not all furniture is stocked at the store level, such as particular sofa colours needing to be shipped from a warehouse to the customer's home or the store.

Most stores follow the layout of having the showroom upstairs with the marketplace and self-service warehouse downstairs. Some stores are single level, while others have separate warehouses to allow more stock to be kept on-site. Single-level stores are found predominantly in areas where the cost of land would be less than the cost of building a 2-level store. Some stores have dual-level warehouses with machine-controlled silos to allow large quantities of stock to be accessed throughout the selling day.

 
As-is area at IKEA Damansara, Selangor

Most IKEA stores offer an "as-is" area at the end of the warehouse, just before the cash registers. Returned, damaged, and formerly showcased products are displayed here and sold with a significant discount, but also with a no-returns policy.

Alternative smaller store formats

The vast majority of IKEA stores are located outside of city centers, primarily because of land cost and traffic access. Several smaller store formats have been unsuccessfully tested in the past (the "midi" concept in the early 1990s, which was tested in Ottawa and Heerlen with 9,300 m2 (100,000 sq ft), or a "boutique" shop in Manhattan).

New formats for full-size stores

A new format for a full-size, city center store was introduced with the opening of the Manchester (United Kingdom) store, situated in Ashton-under-Lyne in 2006. Another store, in Coventry, opened in December 2007. The store had seven floors and a different flow from other IKEA stores; however, it closed down in 2020 due to the site being deemed unsuitable for future business.[57] IKEA's Southampton store that opened in February 2009 is also in the city center and built in an urban style similar to the Coventry store. IKEA built these stores in response to UK government restrictions blocking retail establishment outside city centers.[58]

Adaptation to Japanese market

Japan was another market where IKEA performed badly initially, exited the market completely and then re-entered the Japanese market with an alternative store design and layout with which it finally found success. The IKEA entered the Japanese market in 1974 through a franchise arrangement with a local partner, only to withdraw in failure in 1986. Japan was one of the first markets outside its original core European market. Despite Japan being the second largest economy in the world at the time, IKEA did not adequately adapt its store layout strategy to the Japanese consumer. Japanese consumers did not have a culture of DIY furniture assembly, and many in the early days had no way to haul the flat-packs home to their small apartments. Nor did the store layouts familiar to European customers initially make much sense to Japanese consumers. So prior to re-entering the Japanese market in 2006, IKEA management did extensive local market research in more effective store layouts. One area of local adaptation was the room displays common to every IKEA store worldwide. Rather than just replicate a typical European room layout, the IKEA Japan management was careful to set up room displays more closely resembling Japanese apartment rooms, such as one for "a typical Japanese teenage boy who likes baseball and computer games".[59]

Inner-city stores

IKEA also adapted its store location and services to the 'inner-city' format for the expansion in China, unlike other countries where IKEA stores for economic and planning restriction reasons tends to be more commonly just outside city centers due to planning restrictions. In China, planning restrictions are less of an issue than in other country markets due to the lack of cars for much of its customer base. Accordingly, in store design alternatives, IKEA has had to offer store locations and formats closer to public transportation since few customers had access to cars with which to buy and take-home DIY flat pack furniture. The store design alternative thinking and strategy in China has been to locate stores to facilitate access for non-car owning customers.[60] In fact, in some locations in China, IKEA stores can be found not in the usual suburban or near airport locations like in other countries, but rather places such as downtown shopping center with a 'mini-IKEA' store to attract shoppers. For example, one store design alternative trend that IKEA has implemented has been 'pop-up' stores along social media platforms in their advertising strategy for the first-time as a company to reach new customers demographics while still reinforcing its global brand locally in China.[61]

Small sized stores

In Hong Kong, where shop space is limited and costly, IKEA has opened three outlets in the city, most of which have the one-way layout, part of shopping malls, small for IKEA stores but huge for Hong Kong retail stores. In addition to tailoring store sizes for specific countries, IKEA also alters the sizes of their products in order to accommodate cultural differences.[62]

In 2015, IKEA announced that it would be attempting a smaller store design at several locations in Canada. This modified store will feature only a display gallery and a small warehouse. One location planned for Kitchener is in the place formerly occupied by a Sears Home store. The warehouses will not keep furniture stocked, and so customers will not be able to drop in to purchase and leave with furniture the same day. Instead, they will purchase the furniture in advance online or in-store and order the furniture delivered to one of the new stores, for a greatly reduced rate. IKEA claims that this new model will allow them to expand quickly into new markets rather than spending years opening a full-size store.[63]

In 2020, IKEA opened at Al Wahda Mall in Abu Dhabi, UAE, which at 2,137 m2 (23,002 sq ft) was one of the smallest IKEA stores in the world.[64][65][66][67] It also opened at 360 Mall in Kuwait and in Harajuku, Tokyo at the same year. The size of 360 Mall store was slightly larger than Al Wahda's despite bringing similar concept, at 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft), located at extension of the mall.[68] As for IKEA Harajuku, the 2,500 m2 (26,910 sq ft), 7-storey store houses the chain's first and only konbini concept.[69][70]

In 2021, IKEA opened another of its smallest stores at the JEM Mall in Jurong East, Singapore. Replacing liquidated department store Robinsons, IKEA Jurong is only 6,500 m2 (70,000 sq ft) across three levels and the first in Southeast Asia that did not provide the "Market Hall" warehouse in its store.[71][72] Also on the same year, IKEA opened its first small-store format in Bali, Indonesia. Replacing liquidated Giant hypermarket, IKEA Bali is dubbed as Customer Meeting Point, and eventually the smallest store so far, at 1,200 m2 (13,000 sq ft) of space.[73][74][75][76]

In 2022, another small-size store was opened inside Kings Mall (now known as Livat Hammersmith), Hammersmith, in February, at 4,600 m2 (50,000 sq ft),[77][78][79] followed by a 9,400 m2 (101,000 sq ft) store inside Mall Taman Anggrek, Jakarta, which was opened on 7 April 2022.[80][81][82][83][84][85][86]

Products and services

Furniture and homeware

 
A man assembling an IKEA Poäng chair

Rather than being sold pre-assembled, much of IKEA's furniture is designed to be assembled by the customer. The company claims that this helps reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air; the volume of a bookcase, for example, is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled. This is also more practical for European customers using public transport, because flat packs can be more easily carried.

IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture.[87] Kamprad calls this "democratic design", meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design (see also environmental design). In response to the explosion of human population and material expectations in the 20th and 21st centuries, the company implements economies of scale, capturing material streams and creating manufacturing processes that hold costs and resource use down, such as the extensive use of medium-density fibreboard ("MDF"), also called "particle board".

Notable items of IKEA furniture include the Poäng armchair, the Billy bookcase and the Klippan sofa, all of which have sold by the tens of millions since the late 1970s.[88][89]

The IKEA and LEGO brands teamed up to create a range of simple storage solutions for children and adults.[90]

In June 2021, IKEA Canada unveiled a series of 10 "Love Seats" inspired by different Pride flags, created by four LGBTQ designers.[91]

Furniture and product naming

IKEA products are identified by one-word (rarely two-word) names. Most of the names are Scandinavian in origin. Although there are some exceptions, most product names are based on a special naming system developed by IKEA.[92] Company founder Kamprad was dyslexic and found that naming the furniture with proper names and words, rather than a product code, made the names easier to remember.[93]

Some of IKEA's Swedish product names have amusing or unfortunate connotations in other languages, sometimes resulting in the names being withdrawn in certain countries. Notable examples for English include the "Jerker" computer desk (discontinued several years ago as of 2013), "Fukta" plant spray, "Fartfull" workbench,[94] and "Lyckhem" (meaning bliss).

Due to several products being named after real locations, this has resulted in some locations sharing names with objects considered generally unpleasant, such as a toilet brush being named after the lake of Bolmen and a trash can named after the village of Toften. In November 2021, Visit Sweden launched a jocular campaign named "Discover the Originals", which invites tourists to visit the locations which have received such unfortunate associations with such items.[95][96]

Design services

 
The first US Planning Studio located in Manhattan, United States, in 2019, which closed in January 2022[97]

During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, to facilitate social distancing between customers and accommodate the increased volume of customers who were booking IKEA design consultation services, IKEA stores in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain improved their design consulting process by piloting Ombori's paperless queue management system for the brand.[98]

In March 2021, IKEA launched IKEA Studio in partnership with Apple Inc., an app enabling customers to design full-scale rooms with IKEA furniture using augmented reality on an iPhone.[99]

Smart home

In 2016, IKEA started a move into the smart home business. The IKEA TRÅDFRI smart lighting kit was one of the first ranges signalling this change.[100] IKEA's media team has confirmed that smart home project will be a big move. They have also started a partnership with Philips Hue.[101] The wireless charging furniture, integrating wireless Qi charging into everyday furniture, is another strategy for the smart home business.[102]

A collaboration to build Sonos smart speaker technology into furniture sold by IKEA was announced in December 2017.[103] The first products resulting from the collaboration launched in August 2019.[104]

Under the product name SYMFONISK, IKEA and Sonos have made two distinct wireless speakers that integrate with existing Sonos households or can be used to start with the Sonos-ecosystem, one that's also a lamp and another that's a more traditional looking bookshelf speaker. Both products as well as accessories for the purpose of mounting the bookshelf speakers have gone on sale worldwide on 1 August.[105]

From the start, IKEA SYMFONISK can only be controlled from the Sonos app, but IKEA will add support for the speakers in their own Home Smart app in October [year missing] to be paired with scenes that control both the lights and smart blinds together with the speakers.[citation needed]

Houses and flats

IKEA has also expanded its product base to include flat-pack houses and apartments, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyer's home. The IKEA product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Ashton-under-Lyne, Leeds, Gateshead, Warrington, Bristol and Liverpool.[106]

Solar PV systems

At the end of September 2013, the company announced that solar panel packages, so-called "residential kits", for houses will be sold at 17 UK stores by mid-2014. The decision followed a successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store, whereby one photovoltaic system was sold almost every day. The solar CIGS panels are manufactured by Solibro, a German-based subsidiary of the Chinese company Hanergy.[107][108] By the end of 2014, IKEA began to sell Solibro's solar residential kits in the Netherlands and in Switzerland.[109] In November 2015, IKEA ended its contract with Hanergy and in April 2016 started working with Solarcentury to sell solar panels in the United Kingdom.[110] The deal would allow customers to be able to order panels online and at three stores before being expanded to all United Kingdom stores by the end of summer.[111]

Furniture rental

In April 2019, the company announced that it would begin test marketing a new concept, renting furniture to customers. One of the motivating factors was the fact that inexpensive IKEA products were viewed as "disposable" and often ended up being scrapped after a few years of use. This was at a time when especially younger buyers said they wanted to minimize their impact on the environment. The company understood this view. In an interview, Jesper Brodin, the chief executive of Ingka Group (the largest franchisee of IKEA stores), commented that "climate change and unsustainable consumption are among the biggest challenges we face in society".[112] The other strategic objectives of the plan were to be more affordable and more convenient. The company said it would test the rental concept in all 30 markets by 2020, expecting it to increase the number of times a piece of furniture would be used before recycling.[113]

Restaurant and food markets

 
An IKEA Bistro in Beijing
 
Swedish Food Market
 
IKEA restaurant in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
 
Swedish meatballs

The first IKEA store opened in 1958 with a small cafe that transitioned into a full-blown restaurant in 1960 that,[114] until 2011, sold branded Swedish prepared specialist foods, such as meatballs, packages of gravy, lingonberry jam, various biscuits and crackers, and salmon and fish roe spread. The new label has a variety of items including chocolates, meatballs, jams, pancakes, salmon and various drinks.[115][116]

Although the cafes primarily serve Swedish food, the menu varies based on the culture, food and location of each store.[117] With restaurants in 38 countries, the menu will incorporate local dishes including shawarma in Saudi Arabia, poutine in Canada, macarons in France, and gelato in Italy.[118] In Indonesia, the Swedish meatballs recipe is changed to accommodate the country's halal requirements.[119] Stores in Israel sell kosher food under rabbinical supervision.[120] The kosher restaurants are separated into dairy and meat areas.[121]

In many locations, the IKEA restaurants open daily before the rest of the store and serve breakfast.[citation needed] All food products are based on Swedish recipes and traditions. Food accounts for 5% of IKEA's sales.[122]

IKEA sells plant-based meatballs made from potatoes, apples, pea protein, and oats in all of its stores.[123] According to United States journalist Avery Yale Kamila, IKEA began testing its plant-based meatballs in 2014, then launched the plant-based meatballs in 2015 and began testing vegan hot dogs in 2018.[124][125][126] In 2019, journalist James Hansen reported in Eater London that IKEA would only sell vegetarian food at Christmastime.[127]

Småland

Every store has a kids play area, named Småland (Swedish for small lands; it is also the Swedish province of Småland where founder Kamprad was born). Parents drop off their children at a gate to the playground, and pick them up after they arrive at another entrance. In some stores, parents are given free pagers by the on-site staff, which the staff can use to summon parents whose children need them earlier than expected; in others, staff summon parents through announcements over the in-store public address system or by calling them on their cellphones.[128] The largest Småland play area is located at the IKEA store in Navi Mumbai, India.[129] Some of these were closed down due to pandemic.

Other ventures

IKEA owns & operates the MEGA Family Shopping Centre chain in Russia.[130]

On 8 August 2008, IKEA UK launched a virtual mobile phone network called IKEA Family Mobile, which ran on T-Mobile.[131] At launch it was the cheapest pay-as-you-go network in the UK.[132][133] In June 2015 the network announced that its services would cease to operate from 31 August 2015.[134]

As of 2012, IKEA has a joint venture with TCL to provide Uppleva integrated HDTV and entertainment system products.[135][136]

In mid-August 2012, the company announced that it would establish a chain of 100 economy hotels in Europe but, unlike its few existing hotels in Scandinavia, they would not carry the IKEA name, nor would they use IKEA furniture and furnishings – they would be operated by an unnamed international group of hoteliers.[137] As of 30 April 2018, however, the company owned only a single hotel, the IKEA Hotell in Älmhult, Sweden.

It was previously planning to open another one, in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, after converting the historic Pirelli Building. The company received approval for the concept from the city's planning commission in mid-November 2018; the building was to include 165 rooms and the property would offer 129 dedicated parking spaces. Research in April 2019 provided no indication that the hotel had been completed as of that time.[138][139] The building was then sold to Connecticut architect and developer Becker + Becker for $1.2 million.[140] Opening in 2022 under Hotel Marcel, it will be managed by Chesapeake Hospitality and became part of Hilton's Tapestry Collection.[141][142]

From 2016 to 2018, IKEA made the Saladda belt-driven bicycle.[143]

In September 2017, IKEA announced they would be acquiring San Francisco-based TaskRabbit. The deal, completed later that year, has TaskRabbit operating as an independent company.[144]

In March 2020, IKEA announced that it had partnered with Pizza Hut Hong Kong on a joint venture. IKEA launched a new side table called SÄVA. The table, designed to resemble a pizza saver, would be boxed in packaging resembling a pizza box, and the building instructions included a suggestion to order a Swedish meatball pizza from Pizza Hut, which would contain the same meatballs served in IKEA restaurants.[145][146]

In April 2020, IKEA acquired AI imaging startup Geomagical Labs.[147][148]

In July 2020, IKEA opened a concept store in the Harajuku district of Tokyo, Japan, where it launched its first ever apparel line.[149]

Ingka Centres, IKEA's malls division, announced in December 2021 that it would open two malls, anchored by IKEA stores, in Gurugram and Noida in India at a cost of around ₹9,000 crore (US$1.1 billion). Both malls are expected to open by 2025.[150]

Corporate structure

Main articles: Stichting INGKA Foundation, Ikano, and Ingvar Kamprad
IKEA ownership chart
 
Flowchart showing the structure and ownership of IKEA companies. Parent companies are at the top of the chart.
Provides services to | Is the parent of
This box:

IKEA is owned and operated by a complicated array of not-for-profit and for-profit corporations. The corporate structure is divided into two main parts: operations and franchising.

INGKA Holding B.V., based in the Netherlands, owns the Ingka Group, which takes care of the centers, retails, customer fulfillment, and all the other services related to IKEA products. The IKEA brand is owned and managed by Inter IKEA Systems B.V., based in the Netherlands, owned by Inter IKEA Holding B.V. Inter IKEA Holding is also in charge of design, manufacturing and supply of IKEA products.

Inter IKEA Systems is owned by Inter IKEA Holding BV, a company registered in the Netherlands, formerly registered in Luxembourg (under the name Inter IKEA Holding SA). Inter IKEA Holding, in turn, is owned by the Interogo Foundation, based in Liechtenstein.[151][152] In 2016, the INGKA Holding sold its design, manufacturing and logistics subsidiaries to Inter IKEA Holding.[153]

In June 2013, Ingvar Kamprad resigned from the board of Inter IKEA Holding SA and his youngest son Mathias Kamprad replaced Per Ludvigsson as the chairman of the holding company. Following his decision to step down, the 87-year-old founder explained, "I see this as a good time for me to leave the board of Inter IKEA Group. By that we are also taking another step in the generation shift that has been ongoing for some years."[154] After the 2016 company restructure, Inter IKEA Holding SA no longer exists, having reincorporated in the Netherlands. Mathias Kamprad became a board member of the Inter IKEA Group and the Interogo Foundation.[155] Mathias and his two older brothers, who also have leadership roles at IKEA, work on the corporation's overall vision and long-term strategy.[154]

Control by Kamprad

 
The late Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA

Along with helping IKEA make a non-taxable profit, IKEA's complicated corporate structure allowed Kamprad to maintain tight control over the operations of INGKA Holding, and thus the operation of most IKEA stores. The INGKA Foundation's five-person executive committee was chaired by Kamprad. It appoints a board of INGKA Holding, approves any changes to INGKA Holding's bylaws, and has the right to preempt new share issues. If a member of the executive committee quits or dies, the other four members appoint their replacement.

In Kamprad's absence, the foundation's bylaws include specific provisions requiring it to continue operating the INGKA Holding group and specifying that shares can be sold only to another foundation with the same objectives as the INGKA Foundation.[151]

Financial information

 
IKEA Concept Center in Delft – The head office of Inter IKEA Systems B.V. which owns the IKEA trademark and concept

The net profit of IKEA Group (which does not include Inter IKEA systems) in fiscal year 2009 (after paying franchise fees to Inter IKEA systems) was €2.538 billion on sales of €21.846 billion. Because INGKA Holding is owned by the non-profit INGKA Foundation, none of this profit is taxed. The foundation's nonprofit status also means that the Kamprad family cannot reap these profits directly, but the Kamprads do collect a portion of IKEA sales profits through the franchising relationship between INGKA Holding and Inter IKEA Systems.

As a franchisee, the Ingka Group pays 3% of royalties to Inter IKEA Systems.[16][15] Inter IKEA Systems collected €631 million of franchise fees in 2004 but reported pre-tax profits of only €225 million in 2004. One of the major pre-tax expenses that Inter IKEA systems reported was €590 million of "other operating charges". IKEA has refused to explain these charges, but Inter IKEA Systems appears to make large payments to I.I. Holding, another Luxembourg-registered group that, according to The Economist, "is almost certain to be controlled by the Kamprad family". I.I. Holding made a profit of €328 million in 2004.

In 2004, the Inter IKEA group of companies and I.I. Holding reported combined profits of €553m and paid €19m in taxes, or approximately 3.5 percent.[151]

Public Eye (formerly known as Erklärung von Bern, literally The Berne Declaration), a non-profit organisation in Switzerland that promotes corporate responsibility, has formally criticised IKEA for its tax avoidance strategies. In 2007, the organisation nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye "awards", which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.[156]

In February 2016, the Greens / EFA group in the European Parliament issued a report entitled IKEA: Flat Pack Tax Avoidance on the tax planning strategies of IKEA and their possible use to avoid tax in several European countries. The report was sent to Pierre Moscovici, the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs, and Margrethe Vestager, the European Commissioner for Competition, expressing the hope that it would be of use to them in their respective roles "to advance the fight for tax justice in Europe".[16][157]

Manufacturing, logistics, and labour

Although IKEA household products and furniture are designed in Sweden, they are largely manufactured in developing countries to keep costs down. For most of its products, the final assembly is performed by the end-user (consumer).

Swedwood, an IKEA subsidiary, handles production of all of the company's wood-based products, with the largest Swedwood factory located in Southern Poland. According to the subsidiary, over 16,000 employees across 50 sites in 10 countries manufacture the 100 million pieces of furniture that IKEA sells annually. IKEA furniture uses the hardwood alternative particle board. Hultsfred, a factory in southern Sweden, is the company's sole supplier.

Distribution center efficiency and flexibility have been one of IKEA's ongoing priorities and thus it has implemented automated, robotic warehouse systems and warehouse management systems (WMS). Such systems facilitate a merger of the traditional retail and mail order sales channels into an omni-channel fulfillment model.[158] In 2020, Ikea was noted by Supply Chain magazine as having one of the most automated warehouse systems in the world.[159]

2021 supply chain problems

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IKEA has been facing major supply chain issues since 2021, which could extend into 2022. Jon Abrahamsson, the chief executive of Inter IKEA has stated that the main issue is shipping products from China, as a "quarter" of IKEA products are made there.[160] A variety of reasons led to supply shortages, including consumption shocks. In addition, factories were unable to produce raw materials and workers even after they began receiving orders.[161][54]

Labour practices

During the 1980s, IKEA kept its costs down by using production facilities in East Germany. A portion of the workforce at those factories consisted of political prisoners. This fact, revealed in a report by Ernst & Young commissioned by the company, resulted from the intermingling of criminals and political dissidents in the state-owned production facilities IKEA contracted with, a practice which was generally known in West Germany. IKEA was one of a number of companies, including West German firms, which benefited from this practice. The investigation resulted from attempts by former political prisoners to obtain compensation. In November 2012, IKEA admitted being aware at the time of the possibility of use of forced labor and failing to exercise sufficient control to identify and avoid it. A summary of the Ernst & Young report was released on 16 November 2012.[162]

In 2018, Ikea was accused of union busting when employees sought to organize, using such tactics as captive audience meetings.[163][164]

IKEA was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 and 2005 by Working Mothers magazine.[165] It ranked 80 in Fortune's 200 Best Companies to Work For in 2006 and in October 2008, IKEA Canada LP was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc.[166]

Environmental initiatives

 
Yellow IKEA recyclable shopping bag
 
LED lamp display at an IKEA in Hong Kong

Umbrella initiatives

After initial environmental issues like the highly publicized formaldehyde scandals in the early 1980s and 1992,[167][168][169] IKEA took a proactive stance on environmental issues and tried to prevent future incidents through a variety of measures.[170] In 1990, IKEA invited Karl-Henrik Robèrt, founder of the Natural Step, to address its board of directors. Robert's system conditions for sustainability provided a strategic approach to improving the company's environmental performance. In 1990, IKEA adopted the Natural Step framework as the basis for its environmental plan.[171] This led to the development of an Environmental Action Plan, which was adopted in 1992. The plan focused on structural change, allowing IKEA to "maximize the impact of resources invested and reduce the energy necessary to address isolated issues."[171] The environmental measures taken include the following:

  1. Replacing polyvinylchloride (PVC) in wallpapers, home textiles, shower curtains, lampshades and furniture—PVC has been eliminated from packaging and is being phased out in electric cables;
  2. Minimizing the use of formaldehyde in its products, including textiles;
  3. Eliminating acid-curing lacquers;
  4. Producing a model of chair (OGLA) made from 100% post-consumer plastic waste;
  5. Introducing a series of air-inflatable furniture products into the product line. Such products reduce the use of raw materials for framing and stuffing and reduce transportation weight and volume to about 15% of that of conventional furniture;
  6. Reducing the use of chromium for metal surface treatment;
  7. Limiting the use of substances such as cadmium, lead, PCB, PCP, and Azo pigments;
  8. Using wood from responsibly managed forests that replant and maintain biological diversity;
  9. Using only recyclable materials for flat packaging and "pure" (non-mixed) materials for packaging to assist in recycling.[171]
  10. Introducing rental bicycles with trailers for customers in Denmark.[172]

In 2000, IKEA introduced its code of conduct for suppliers that covers social, safety, and environmental questions. Today IKEA has around 60 auditors who perform hundreds of supplier audits every year. The main purpose of these audits is to make sure that the IKEA suppliers follow the law in each country where they are based. Most IKEA suppliers fulfil the law today with exceptions for some special issues, one being excessive working hours in Asia, in countries such as China and India.[citation needed]

As of March 2018, IKEA has signed on with 25 other companies to participate in the British Retail Consortium's Better Retail Better World initiative, which challenges companies to meet objectives outlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.[173]

Product life cycle

To make IKEA a more sustainable company, a product life cycle was created. For the idea stage, products should be flat-packed so that more items can be shipped at once; products should also be easier to dismantle and recycle. Raw materials are used, and since wood and cotton are two of IKEA's most important manufacturing products, the company works with environmentally friendly forests and cotton, whereby the excessive use of chemicals and water is avoided.[174]

IKEA stores recycle waste and many run on renewable energy. All employees are trained in environmental and social responsibility, while public transit is one of the priorities when the location of stores is considered. Also, the coffee and chocolate served at IKEA stores is UTZ Certified.[175]

The last stage of the life cycle is the end of life. Most IKEA stores recycle light bulbs and drained batteries, and the company is also exploring the recycling of sofas and other home furnishing products.

Energy sources

On 17 February 2011, IKEA announced its plans to develop a wind farm in Dalarna County, Sweden, furthering its goal of using only renewable energy to fuel its operations.[176] As of June 2012,[needs update] 17 United States IKEA stores are powered by solar panels, with 22 additional installations in progress,[177] and IKEA owns the 165 MW Cameron Wind farm in Cameron County on the South Texas coast[178] and a 42 MW coastal wind farm in Finland.[179]

In September 2019, IKEA announced that they would be investing $2.8 billion in renewable energy infrastructure. The company is targeting making their entire supply chain climate positive by 2030.[180]

Sourcing of wood

Reportedly, IKEA is the world's largest buyer and retailer of wood.[22] In 2015, IKEA claimed to use 1% of world's supply of timber.[181]

According to IKEA's 2021 Sustainability Report, 99.5% of all wood that the company uses is either recycled or meets the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council. IKEA states that "[a]ll wood used for IKEA products must meet our critical requirements that ensure it's not (e.g.) sourced from illegally harvested forests [...]".[21] However, despite these claims, IKEA has been involved in unsustainable and most likely illegal logging of wood in multiple Eastern European countries in recent years, see Criticism of IKEA.

IKEA owns about 136,000 acres of forest in USA and about 450,000 acres in Europe.[182][183]

On 14 January 2021, Ikea announced that Ingka Investments had acquired approximately 10,840 acres (4,386 hectares) near the Altamaha River Basin in Georgia from The Conservation Fund. The acquisition comes with the agreement "to protect the land from fragmentation, restore the longleaf pine forest, and safe-guard the habitat of the gopher tortoise."[184][185]

IKEA is reported to be the largest private landowner in Romania since 2015.[22]

Use of wood

In 2011, the company examined its wood consumption and noticed that almost half of its global pine and spruce consumption was for the fabrication of pallets. The company consequently started a transition to the use of paper pallets and the "Optiledge system".[186] The OptiLedge product is totally recyclable, made from 100% virgin high-impact copolymer polypropylene (PP). The system is a "unit load alternative to the use of a pallet. The system consists of the OptiLedge (usually used in pairs), aligned and strapped to the bottom carton to form a base layer upon which to stack more products. Corner boards are used when strapping to minimize the potential for package compression." The conversion began in Germany and Japan, before its introduction into the rest of Europe and North America.[187] The system has been marketed to other companies, and IKEA has formed the OptiLedge company to manage and sell the product.[188]

Packaging and bags

Since March 2013, IKEA has stopped providing plastic bags to customers, but offers reusable bags for sale.[189] The IKEA restaurants also only offer reusable plates, knives, forks, spoons, etc. Toilets in some IKEA WC-rooms have been outfitted with dual-function flushers. IKEA has recycling bins for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), energy-saving bulbs, and batteries.

In 2001, IKEA was one of the first companies to operate its own cross-border goods trains through several countries in Europe.[190]

Electric vehicles

IKEA has expanded its sustainability plan in the UK to include electric car charge points for customers at all locations by the end of 2013.[191][needs update] The effort will include Nissan and Ecotricity and promise to deliver an 80% charge in 30 minutes.[192]

From 2016, IKEA has only sold energy-efficient LED lightbulbs, lamps and light fixtures. LED lightbulbs use as little as 15% of the power of a regular incandescent light bulb.[193]

Investments

In August 2008, IKEA announced that it had created IKEA GreenTech, a €50 million venture capital fund. Located in Lund (a university town in Sweden), it will invest in 8–10 companies in the coming five years with focus on solar panels, alternative light sources, product materials, energy efficiency and water saving and purification. The aim is to commercialise green technologies for sale in IKEA stores within 3–4 years.[194][195]

Donations made by IKEA

The INGKA Foundation is officially dedicated to promoting "innovations in architecture and interior design".[151] The net worth of the foundation exceeded the net worth of the much better known Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (now the largest private foundation in the world) for a period.[196] However, most of the Group's profit is spent on investment.

IKEA is involved in several international charitable causes, particularly in partnership with UNICEF, including:

  • In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, IKEA Australia agreed to match dollar for dollar co-workers' donations and donated all sales of the IKEA Blue Bag to the cause.
  • After the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, IKEA gave 500,000 blankets to the relief effort in the region.[197]
  • IKEA has provided furniture for over 100 "bridge schools" in Liberia.[198]
  • In the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China, IKEA Beijing sold an alligator toy for 40 yuan (US$5.83, £9.10, €3.70) with all income going to the children in the earthquake struck area.
  • In 2013, IKEA has donated more than $2.6 million to UNICEF to help children and families affected by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.

IKEA also supports American Forests to restore forests and reduce pollution.[199][200]

On 3 March 2022, IKEA announced €20 million donation to UNHCR for relief support of Ukrainians who suffer from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[201][202]

IKEA Social Initiative

In September 2005, IKEA Social Initiative was formed to manage the company's social involvement on a global level. IKEA Social Initiative is headed by Marianne Barner.[203]

The main partners of IKEA Social Initiative are UNICEF[204] and Save the Children.[205]

On 23 February 2009, at the ECOSOC event in New York, UNICEF announced that IKEA Social Initiative has become the agency's largest corporate partner, with total commitments of more than US$180 million (£281,079,000).[206][207]

Examples of involvements:

  • The IKEA Social Initiative contributes €1 (£1.73) to UNICEF and Save the Children from each soft toy sold during the holiday seasons, raising a total of €16.7 million (£28.91 million) so far.[208] In 2013, an IKEA soft toy, Lufsig, created a storm and sold out in Hong Kong and in Southern China because it had been misnamed in Chinese.[209]
  • The IKEA Social Initiative provided soft toys to children in Burma after Cyclone Nargis.[210]
  • Starting in June 2009, for every Sunnan solar-powered lamp sold in IKEA stores worldwide, IKEA Social Initiative will donate one Sunnan with the help of UNICEF.[211]
  • In September 2011,[212] the IKEA Foundation pledged to donate $62 million to help Somali refugees in Kenya.[25]
  • According to The Economist, however, IKEA's charitable giving is meager, "barely a rounding error in the foundation's assets".[25]

In 2009, Sweden's largest television station, SVT, revealed that IKEA's money—the three per cent collection from each store—does not actually go to a charitable foundation in the Netherlands, as IKEA has said. Inter IKEA is owned by a foundation in Liechtenstein, called Interogo, which has amassed $12 billion (£18 billion), and is controlled by the Kamprad family.[25]

Marketing

Catalogue

Main article: IKEA Catalogue

IKEA used to publish an annual catalogue, first published in Swedish in 1951.[213] It is considered to be the main marketing tool of the company, consuming 70% of its annual marketing budget.[214] The catalogue is distributed both in stores and by mail,[215] with most of it being produced by IKEA Communications AB in IKEA's hometown of Älmhult, Sweden.[216] At its peak in 2016, 200 million copies of the catalogue were distributed in 32 languages to more than 50 markets.[217] In December 2020, IKEA announced that they would cease publication of both the print and digital versions of the catalogue, with the 2021 edition (released in 2020) being the final edition.[218]

IKEA Family

 
The IKEA Family card, issued in Canada, ca. 2012

In common with some other retailers, IKEA launched a loyalty card called "IKEA Family". The card is free of charge and can be used to obtain discounts on certain products found in-store. It is available worldwide. In conjunction with the card, IKEA also publishes and sells a printed quarterly magazine titled IKEA Family Live which supplements the card and catalogue. The magazine is already printed in thirteen languages and an English edition for the United Kingdom was launched in February 2007. It is expected to have a subscription of over 500,000.[219]

IKEA Place app

On 12 September 2017, IKEA announced the augmented reality app, IKEA Place, following by Apple's release of its ARkit technology and iOS 11.[220] IKEA Place helps consumers to visualize true to scale IKEA products into real environment.[221]

Advertising

In 1994, IKEA ran a commercial in the United States, titled Dining Room, widely thought to be the first to feature a homosexual couple; it aired for several weeks before being pulled after calls for a boycott and a bomb threat directed at IKEA stores.[222] Other IKEA commercials appeal to the wider LGBTQ community, one featuring a transgender woman.[223]

 
German-Turkish advertisement in Berlin-Neukölln

In 2002, the inaugural television component of the "Unböring" campaign, titled Lamp, went on to win several awards, including a Grand Clio,[224] Golds at the London International Awards[225] and the ANDY Awards,[226] and the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival,[227] the most prestigious awards ceremony in the advertising community.

A debate ensued between Fraser Patterson, Chief Executive of Onis, and Andrew McGuinness, partner at Beattie McGuinness Bungay (BMB), the advertising and PR agency that was awarded the £12m IKEA account.[228][229] The essence of the debate was that BMB claimed to be unaware of Onis's campaign as Onis was not an advertising agency. Onis's argument was that its advertising could be seen in prominent landmarks throughout London, having been already accredited, showing concern about the impact IKEA's campaign would have on the originality of its own. BMB and IKEA subsequently agreed to provide Onis with a feature page on the IKEA campaign site linking through to Onis's website for a period of 1 year.

In 2008, IKEA paired up with the makers of video game The Sims 2 to make a stuff pack called IKEA Home Stuff, featuring many IKEA products. It was released on 24 June 2008 in North America and 26 June 2008 in Europe. It is the second stuff pack with a major brand, the first being The Sims 2 H&M Fashion Stuff.

IKEA took over the title sponsorship of Philadelphia's annual Thanksgiving Day parade in 2008, replacing Boscov's, which filed for bankruptcy in August 2008.

In November 2008, a subway train decorated in IKEA style was introduced in Novosibirsk, Russia.[230] Four cars were turned into a mobile showroom of the Swedish design. The redesigned train, which features colourful seats and fancy curtains, carried passengers until 6 June 2009.

 
IKEA marketing campaign in the Paris Métro

In March 2010, IKEA developed an event in four important Métro stations in Paris, in which furniture collections are displayed in high-traffic spots, giving potential customers a chance to check out the brand's products. The Métro walls were also filled with prints that showcase IKEA interiors.

In September 2017, IKEA launched the "IKEA Human Catalogue" campaign, in which memory champion Yanjaa Wintersoul memorized all 328 pages of the catalogue in minute detail in just a week before its launch. To prove the legitimacy and accuracy of the campaign, live demonstrations were held at press conferences in IKEA stores across Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand as well as a Facebook Live event held at the Facebook Singapore headquarters and talk show demonstrations in the US with Steve Harvey among others.[231] The advertising campaign was hugely successful winning numerous industry awards including the Webby award 2018 for best social media campaign,[232] an Ogilvy award and is currently a contender for the Cannes Lions 2018.[233]

In 2020, IKEA conducted a "Buy Back Friday" campaign with a message to present a new life to old furniture instead of offering customers to buy new items for Black Friday.[234]

In June 2021, IKEA said it had suspended adverts on GB News because of concerns the channel's content would go against their aim to be inclusive. In a statement IKEA said: "We have safeguards in place to prevent our advertising from appearing on platforms that are not in line with our humanistic values. We are in the process of investigating how this may have occurred to ensure it won't happen again in future, and have suspended paid display advertising in the meantime."[235]

Criticisms

Main article: Criticism of IKEA
See also: Stichting INGKA Foundation § Criticisms and reforms

IKEA has been criticized about unsustainable sourcing of wood from protected forests, certain unsafe product lines, negative effects on communities, as well as other issues.

In popular culture

IKEA stores have been featured in many works of fiction. Some examples include:

  • The SCP Foundation, an online collaborative writing project documenting fictional anomalous objects, entities and events, features an entry (numbered SCP-3008) based on an IKEA store which is notably bigger on the inside than it would outwardly imply, and from which escaping is far more difficult than expected.[236][237] The interior of this store is populated by entities dressed in IKEA staff attire, resembling highly deformed, faceless humanoids, which are normally passive during the "day" (when the lights are switched on) but become aggressive during the "night" (when the lights are switched off).
  • The Swedish crime comedy film Jönssonligan dyker upp igen features a failed robbery of the IKEA store at Kungens Kurva by the eponymous gang.[239]
  • The American film 500 Days of Summer features the main characters flirting around the showroom of an IKEA store. It was filmed on-location at an IKEA store. One of the tracks from the film's score is entitled "Ikea" to reflect the scene.[240]
  • The novel The Extraordinary Journey of the Fakir Who Got Trapped in an Ikea Wardrobe by French author Romain Puertolas features a trip to an IKEA store in Paris, France.[241]
  • IKEA Heights, a comedic melodrama web series
  • Children's picture book Bears Out of The Box by Stefan Cabo and illustrated by Lucia Mrvova. The book features IKEA's famed Fabler Bjorn doll, who is trying to venture outside the store. The book was released in 2021 by Europe Books.[242][243][244]
  • The 2014 horror comedy novel Horrorstör is set in a haunted store called ARSK, modelled on IKEA, and the novel is designed to look like the IKEA catalog.[245]
  • In 2018, the company's plush toy shark "Blåhaj" was widely used in an internet meme,[246][247][248] with social media users posting humorous photos of it in their homes.[249]

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February 04, 2023
ikea, city, nigeria, ikeja, this, article, rely, excessively, sources, closely, associated, with, subject, potentially, preventing, article, from, being, verifiable, neutral, please, help, improve, replacing, them, with, more, appropriate, citations, reliable,. For the city in Nigeria see Ikeja This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable independent third party sources October 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message IKEA Swedish ɪˈkeːa US aɪ ˈ k iː e is a Swedish multinational conglomerate based in the Netherlands that designs and sells ready to assemble furniture kitchen appliances decoration home accessories and various other goods and home services Started in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad IKEA has been the world s largest furniture retailer since 2008 6 7 8 9 10 The brand used by the group is derived from an acronym that consists of the founder s initials and those of Elmtaryd the family farm where he was born and the nearby village Agunnaryd his hometown in Smaland southern Sweden 11 12 Inter IKEA Systems B V Ikea store in Montgomery County PennsylvaniaTypePrivateIndustryRetailFounded28 July 1943 79 years ago 1943 07 28 1 in SwedenFounderIngvar KampradHeadquarters52 10 02 N 4 28 55 E 52 1673 N 4 4819 E 52 1673 4 4819 Coordinates 52 10 02 N 4 28 55 E 52 1673 N 4 4819 E 52 1673 4 4819 Delft NetherlandsNumber of locations445 2021 2 Area servedEurope Middle East North Africa East Asia India Southeast Asia Oceania North America South AmericaKey peopleJesper Brodin Chairman and CEO of INGKA Holding 3 Jon Abrahamsson Ring Chairman and CEO of the Inter IKEA Holding 4 ProductsReady to assemble furniture Homeware Food productsRevenue 41 9 billion 2021 5 Websiteabout wbr ikea wbr com www wbr ingka wbr com www wbr ikea wbr com retail The group is primarily known for its modernist designs for various types of appliances and furniture and its interior design work is often associated with simplicity In addition the firm is known for its attention to cost control operational details and continuous product development that has allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent As of March 2021 update there are 422 IKEA stores operating in 50 countries 13 and in fiscal year 2018 38 8 billion US 44 6 billion worth of IKEA goods were sold 14 For multiple reasons including lowering taxes payable IKEA uses a complicated corporate structure Within this structure all IKEA stores are operated under franchise from Inter IKEA Systems B V which handles branding design manufacturing and supply Another part of the IKEA group Ingka Group operates the majority of IKEA stores as a franchisee and pays royalties to Inter IKEA Systems B V 15 16 Some IKEA stores are also operated by independent franchisees 17 The IKEA website contains about 12 000 products and there were over 2 1 billion visitors to IKEA s websites in the year from September 2015 to August 2016 18 19 The group is responsible for approximately 1 of world commercial product wood consumption making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector 20 IKEA claims to use 99 5 recycled or FSC certified wood 21 However IKEA has been shown to be involved in unsustainable and most likely illegal logging of old growth and protected forests in multiple Eastern European countries in recent years 22 23 24 Contents 1 History 1 1 First store opening in each location 2 Store layout 2 1 Traditional store layout 2 2 Alternative smaller store formats 2 2 1 New formats for full size stores 2 2 2 Adaptation to Japanese market 2 2 3 Inner city stores 2 2 4 Small sized stores 3 Products and services 3 1 Furniture and homeware 3 1 1 Furniture and product naming 3 2 Design services 3 3 Smart home 3 4 Houses and flats 3 4 1 Solar PV systems 3 4 2 Furniture rental 3 5 Restaurant and food markets 3 6 Smaland 3 7 Other ventures 4 Corporate structure 4 1 Control by Kamprad 4 2 Financial information 5 Manufacturing logistics and labour 5 1 2021 supply chain problems 5 2 Labour practices 6 Environmental initiatives 6 1 Umbrella initiatives 6 2 Product life cycle 6 3 Energy sources 6 4 Sourcing of wood 6 5 Use of wood 6 6 Packaging and bags 6 7 Electric vehicles 6 8 Investments 7 Donations made by IKEA 7 1 IKEA Social Initiative 8 Marketing 8 1 Catalogue 8 2 IKEA Family 8 3 IKEA Place app 8 4 Advertising 9 Criticisms 10 In popular culture 11 References 12 External linksHistory EditParts of this article those related to documentation need to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information May 2021 See also Alternative store designs and Ventures beyond furniture homeware and Swedish food IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad right shakes hands with Hans Ax IKEA s first store manager in 1965 Map of countries with IKEA stores Legend Current market locations Future market locations Former market locations No current or planned market locations In 1943 then 17 year old Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA as a mail order sales business and began to sell furniture five years later 25 The first store was opened in Almhult Smaland in 1958 under the name Mobel IKEA Mobel means furniture in Swedish The first stores outside Sweden were opened in Norway 1963 and Denmark 1969 26 The stores spread to other parts of Europe in the 1970s with the first store outside Scandinavia opening in Switzerland 1973 followed by West Germany 1974 26 Japan 1974 Australia Canada 1975 27 28 Hong Kong 1975 Singapore and the Netherlands 1978 29 IKEA further expanded in the 1980s opening stores in countries such as France and Spain 1981 Belgium 1984 30 the United States 1985 31 the United Kingdom 1987 32 and Italy 1989 33 29 Germany with 53 stores is IKEA s biggest market followed by the United States with 51 stores IKEA entered Latin America in February 2010 opening in the Dominican Republic 34 As for the region s largest markets on 8 April 2021 a store was opened in Mexico City In August 2018 IKEA opened its first store in India in Hyderabad 35 36 In November 2021 IKEA opened its largest store in the world measuring 65 000 square metres 700 000 sq ft 37 in the Philippines at the Mall of Asia Complex in Pasay City 38 39 40 On 10 August 2022 IKEA opened its first store in Chile This is its the first store in South America Another store is expected to open in Colombia by 2023 soon to be followed by a store in Peru 41 42 43 In March 2022 IKEA announced the closing of all 17 stores in Russia resulting from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the first market in which they suspended business However Ingka also owns 14 shopping centers across Russia operating under its Mega brand These will remain open 44 Due to the ongoing war and unimproved situation in Russia IKEA said on 15 June that it would sell factories close offices and reduce its work force 45 Later it became known that IKEA does not plan to sell its business but expects to return to Russia within two years About 700 people will continue to work for the company during this period 46 By October 2022 IKEA laid off about 10 000 Russian employees 47 IKEA was hit hard by COVID 19 due to lockdown in various countries like in the UK and Canada 48 49 Because demand had fallen 50 its annual catalogue ceased publication after 70 years in print 51 The prices of their products have risen significantly in 2022 due to rising costs and inflation 52 In April 2022 IKEA has shut down one of its stores in Guiyang when sales took a significant hit from the pandemic Due to strict COVID 19 lockdowns in China IKEA is considering closing another store in Shanghai by July 2022 53 IKEA is also facing stock shortages and shipping problems that may continue until the end of 2022 54 First store opening in each location Edit Main article List of countries with IKEA stores 1958 Sweden 1963 Norway 1969 Denmark 1973 Switzerland 1974 Japan 1974 Germany 1975 Australia 1975 Canada 1975 Hong Kong1 1977 Austria 1978 Singapore 1978 Netherlands 1980 Spain 1981 Iceland 1981 France 1983 Saudi Arabia 1984 Belgium 1984 Kuwait 1985 United States 1987 United Kingdom 1989 Italy 1990 Hungary 1990 Poland 1991 Czech Republic2 1991 Serbia3 1991 United Arab Emirates 1992 Slovakia2 1994 Taiwan 1996 Finland 1996 Malaysia 1998 China 2000 Russia ceased operations in 2022 2001 Israel 2001 Greece 2004 Portugal 2005 Turkey 2007 Romania 2007 Cyprus 2008 Ireland 2010 Dominican Republic 2011 Bulgaria 2011 Thailand 2012 Macau 2013 Lithuania 2013 Puerto Rico 2013 Egypt 2013 Qatar 2014 Jordan 2014 Croatia 2014 Indonesia 2014 South Korea 2016 Morocco 2018 India 2018 Latvia 2018 Bahrain 2019 Estonia 2020 Ukraine 2021 Mexico 2021 Slovenia 2021 Philippines 2022 Oman 2022 Chile 1 then British Hong Kong 2 then part of Czechoslovakia 3 then part of YugoslaviaStore layout Edit Interior of an IKEA store in Hong Kong The self service warehouse area Traditional store layout Edit IKEA stores are typically blue buildings with yellow accents 55 also Sweden s national colours They are often designed in a one way layout leading customers counter clockwise along what IKEA calls the long natural way designed to encourage the customer to see the store in its entirety as opposed to a traditional retail store which allows a customer to go directly to the section where the desired goods and services are displayed There are often shortcuts to other parts of the showroom 56 The sequence first involves going through the furniture showrooms making note of selected items The customer collects a shopping cart and proceeds to an open shelf Market Hall warehouse for smaller items visits the self service furniture warehouse to collect previously noted showroom products in flat pack form Sometimes they are directed to collect products from an external warehouse on the same site or at a site nearby after purchase Finally customers pay for their products at a cash register Not all furniture is stocked at the store level such as particular sofa colours needing to be shipped from a warehouse to the customer s home or the store Most stores follow the layout of having the showroom upstairs with the marketplace and self service warehouse downstairs Some stores are single level while others have separate warehouses to allow more stock to be kept on site Single level stores are found predominantly in areas where the cost of land would be less than the cost of building a 2 level store Some stores have dual level warehouses with machine controlled silos to allow large quantities of stock to be accessed throughout the selling day As is area at IKEA Damansara Selangor Most IKEA stores offer an as is area at the end of the warehouse just before the cash registers Returned damaged and formerly showcased products are displayed here and sold with a significant discount but also with a no returns policy Alternative smaller store formats Edit This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is no need to report every new store Please help improve this section if you can November 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The vast majority of IKEA stores are located outside of city centers primarily because of land cost and traffic access Several smaller store formats have been unsuccessfully tested in the past the midi concept in the early 1990s which was tested in Ottawa and Heerlen with 9 300 m2 100 000 sq ft or a boutique shop in Manhattan New formats for full size stores Edit A new format for a full size city center store was introduced with the opening of the Manchester United Kingdom store situated in Ashton under Lyne in 2006 Another store in Coventry opened in December 2007 The store had seven floors and a different flow from other IKEA stores however it closed down in 2020 due to the site being deemed unsuitable for future business 57 IKEA s Southampton store that opened in February 2009 is also in the city center and built in an urban style similar to the Coventry store IKEA built these stores in response to UK government restrictions blocking retail establishment outside city centers 58 Adaptation to Japanese market Edit Japan was another market where IKEA performed badly initially exited the market completely and then re entered the Japanese market with an alternative store design and layout with which it finally found success The IKEA entered the Japanese market in 1974 through a franchise arrangement with a local partner only to withdraw in failure in 1986 Japan was one of the first markets outside its original core European market Despite Japan being the second largest economy in the world at the time IKEA did not adequately adapt its store layout strategy to the Japanese consumer Japanese consumers did not have a culture of DIY furniture assembly and many in the early days had no way to haul the flat packs home to their small apartments Nor did the store layouts familiar to European customers initially make much sense to Japanese consumers So prior to re entering the Japanese market in 2006 IKEA management did extensive local market research in more effective store layouts One area of local adaptation was the room displays common to every IKEA store worldwide Rather than just replicate a typical European room layout the IKEA Japan management was careful to set up room displays more closely resembling Japanese apartment rooms such as one for a typical Japanese teenage boy who likes baseball and computer games 59 Inner city stores Edit IKEA also adapted its store location and services to the inner city format for the expansion in China unlike other countries where IKEA stores for economic and planning restriction reasons tends to be more commonly just outside city centers due to planning restrictions In China planning restrictions are less of an issue than in other country markets due to the lack of cars for much of its customer base Accordingly in store design alternatives IKEA has had to offer store locations and formats closer to public transportation since few customers had access to cars with which to buy and take home DIY flat pack furniture The store design alternative thinking and strategy in China has been to locate stores to facilitate access for non car owning customers 60 In fact in some locations in China IKEA stores can be found not in the usual suburban or near airport locations like in other countries but rather places such as downtown shopping center with a mini IKEA store to attract shoppers For example one store design alternative trend that IKEA has implemented has been pop up stores along social media platforms in their advertising strategy for the first time as a company to reach new customers demographics while still reinforcing its global brand locally in China 61 Small sized stores Edit In Hong Kong where shop space is limited and costly IKEA has opened three outlets in the city most of which have the one way layout part of shopping malls small for IKEA stores but huge for Hong Kong retail stores In addition to tailoring store sizes for specific countries IKEA also alters the sizes of their products in order to accommodate cultural differences 62 In 2015 IKEA announced that it would be attempting a smaller store design at several locations in Canada This modified store will feature only a display gallery and a small warehouse One location planned for Kitchener is in the place formerly occupied by a Sears Home store The warehouses will not keep furniture stocked and so customers will not be able to drop in to purchase and leave with furniture the same day Instead they will purchase the furniture in advance online or in store and order the furniture delivered to one of the new stores for a greatly reduced rate IKEA claims that this new model will allow them to expand quickly into new markets rather than spending years opening a full size store 63 In 2020 IKEA opened at Al Wahda Mall in Abu Dhabi UAE which at 2 137 m2 23 002 sq ft was one of the smallest IKEA stores in the world 64 65 66 67 It also opened at 360 Mall in Kuwait and in Harajuku Tokyo at the same year The size of 360 Mall store was slightly larger than Al Wahda s despite bringing similar concept at 3 000 m2 32 000 sq ft located at extension of the mall 68 As for IKEA Harajuku the 2 500 m2 26 910 sq ft 7 storey store houses the chain s first and only konbini concept 69 70 In 2021 IKEA opened another of its smallest stores at the JEM Mall in Jurong East Singapore Replacing liquidated department store Robinsons IKEA Jurong is only 6 500 m2 70 000 sq ft across three levels and the first in Southeast Asia that did not provide the Market Hall warehouse in its store 71 72 Also on the same year IKEA opened its first small store format in Bali Indonesia Replacing liquidated Giant hypermarket IKEA Bali is dubbed as Customer Meeting Point and eventually the smallest store so far at 1 200 m2 13 000 sq ft of space 73 74 75 76 In 2022 another small size store was opened inside Kings Mall now known as Livat Hammersmith Hammersmith in February at 4 600 m2 50 000 sq ft 77 78 79 followed by a 9 400 m2 101 000 sq ft store inside Mall Taman Anggrek Jakarta which was opened on 7 April 2022 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Products and services EditFurniture and homeware Edit A man assembling an IKEA Poang chair Rather than being sold pre assembled much of IKEA s furniture is designed to be assembled by the customer The company claims that this helps reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air the volume of a bookcase for example is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled This is also more practical for European customers using public transport because flat packs can be more easily carried IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture 87 Kamprad calls this democratic design meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design see also environmental design In response to the explosion of human population and material expectations in the 20th and 21st centuries the company implements economies of scale capturing material streams and creating manufacturing processes that hold costs and resource use down such as the extensive use of medium density fibreboard MDF also called particle board Notable items of IKEA furniture include the Poang armchair the Billy bookcase and the Klippan sofa all of which have sold by the tens of millions since the late 1970s 88 89 The IKEA and LEGO brands teamed up to create a range of simple storage solutions for children and adults 90 In June 2021 IKEA Canada unveiled a series of 10 Love Seats inspired by different Pride flags created by four LGBTQ designers 91 Furniture and product naming Edit IKEA products are identified by one word rarely two word names Most of the names are Scandinavian in origin Although there are some exceptions most product names are based on a special naming system developed by IKEA 92 Company founder Kamprad was dyslexic and found that naming the furniture with proper names and words rather than a product code made the names easier to remember 93 Some of IKEA s Swedish product names have amusing or unfortunate connotations in other languages sometimes resulting in the names being withdrawn in certain countries Notable examples for English include the Jerker computer desk discontinued several years ago as of 2013 update Fukta plant spray Fartfull workbench 94 and Lyckhem meaning bliss Due to several products being named after real locations this has resulted in some locations sharing names with objects considered generally unpleasant such as a toilet brush being named after the lake of Bolmen and a trash can named after the village of Toften In November 2021 Visit Sweden launched a jocular campaign named Discover the Originals which invites tourists to visit the locations which have received such unfortunate associations with such items 95 96 Design services Edit The first US Planning Studio located in Manhattan United States in 2019 which closed in January 2022 97 During the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020 to facilitate social distancing between customers and accommodate the increased volume of customers who were booking IKEA design consultation services IKEA stores in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain improved their design consulting process by piloting Ombori s paperless queue management system for the brand 98 In March 2021 IKEA launched IKEA Studio in partnership with Apple Inc an app enabling customers to design full scale rooms with IKEA furniture using augmented reality on an iPhone 99 Smart home Edit In 2016 IKEA started a move into the smart home business The IKEA TRADFRI smart lighting kit was one of the first ranges signalling this change 100 IKEA s media team has confirmed that smart home project will be a big move They have also started a partnership with Philips Hue 101 The wireless charging furniture integrating wireless Qi charging into everyday furniture is another strategy for the smart home business 102 A collaboration to build Sonos smart speaker technology into furniture sold by IKEA was announced in December 2017 103 The first products resulting from the collaboration launched in August 2019 104 Under the product name SYMFONISK IKEA and Sonos have made two distinct wireless speakers that integrate with existing Sonos households or can be used to start with the Sonos ecosystem one that s also a lamp and another that s a more traditional looking bookshelf speaker Both products as well as accessories for the purpose of mounting the bookshelf speakers have gone on sale worldwide on 1 August 105 From the start IKEA SYMFONISK can only be controlled from the Sonos app but IKEA will add support for the speakers in their own Home Smart app in October year missing to be paired with scenes that control both the lights and smart blinds together with the speakers citation needed Houses and flats Edit IKEA has also expanded its product base to include flat pack houses and apartments in an effort to cut prices involved in a first time buyer s home The IKEA product named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK sites confirmed in England include London Ashton under Lyne Leeds Gateshead Warrington Bristol and Liverpool 106 Solar PV systems Edit At the end of September 2013 the company announced that solar panel packages so called residential kits for houses will be sold at 17 UK stores by mid 2014 The decision followed a successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store whereby one photovoltaic system was sold almost every day The solar CIGS panels are manufactured by Solibro a German based subsidiary of the Chinese company Hanergy 107 108 By the end of 2014 IKEA began to sell Solibro s solar residential kits in the Netherlands and in Switzerland 109 In November 2015 IKEA ended its contract with Hanergy and in April 2016 started working with Solarcentury to sell solar panels in the United Kingdom 110 The deal would allow customers to be able to order panels online and at three stores before being expanded to all United Kingdom stores by the end of summer 111 Furniture rental Edit In April 2019 the company announced that it would begin test marketing a new concept renting furniture to customers One of the motivating factors was the fact that inexpensive IKEA products were viewed as disposable and often ended up being scrapped after a few years of use This was at a time when especially younger buyers said they wanted to minimize their impact on the environment The company understood this view In an interview Jesper Brodin the chief executive of Ingka Group the largest franchisee of IKEA stores commented that climate change and unsustainable consumption are among the biggest challenges we face in society 112 The other strategic objectives of the plan were to be more affordable and more convenient The company said it would test the rental concept in all 30 markets by 2020 expecting it to increase the number of times a piece of furniture would be used before recycling 113 Restaurant and food markets Edit An IKEA Bistro in Beijing Swedish Food Market IKEA restaurant in Coquitlam British Columbia Canada Swedish meatballs The first IKEA store opened in 1958 with a small cafe that transitioned into a full blown restaurant in 1960 that 114 until 2011 sold branded Swedish prepared specialist foods such as meatballs packages of gravy lingonberry jam various biscuits and crackers and salmon and fish roe spread The new label has a variety of items including chocolates meatballs jams pancakes salmon and various drinks 115 116 Although the cafes primarily serve Swedish food the menu varies based on the culture food and location of each store 117 With restaurants in 38 countries the menu will incorporate local dishes including shawarma in Saudi Arabia poutine in Canada macarons in France and gelato in Italy 118 In Indonesia the Swedish meatballs recipe is changed to accommodate the country s halal requirements 119 Stores in Israel sell kosher food under rabbinical supervision 120 The kosher restaurants are separated into dairy and meat areas 121 In many locations the IKEA restaurants open daily before the rest of the store and serve breakfast citation needed All food products are based on Swedish recipes and traditions Food accounts for 5 of IKEA s sales 122 IKEA sells plant based meatballs made from potatoes apples pea protein and oats in all of its stores 123 According to United States journalist Avery Yale Kamila IKEA began testing its plant based meatballs in 2014 then launched the plant based meatballs in 2015 and began testing vegan hot dogs in 2018 124 125 126 In 2019 journalist James Hansen reported in Eater London that IKEA would only sell vegetarian food at Christmastime 127 Smaland Edit Every store has a kids play area named Smaland Swedish for small lands it is also the Swedish province of Smaland where founder Kamprad was born Parents drop off their children at a gate to the playground and pick them up after they arrive at another entrance In some stores parents are given free pagers by the on site staff which the staff can use to summon parents whose children need them earlier than expected in others staff summon parents through announcements over the in store public address system or by calling them on their cellphones 128 The largest Smaland play area is located at the IKEA store in Navi Mumbai India 129 Some of these were closed down due to pandemic Other ventures Edit A MEGA Family Shopping Centre in Russia IKEA owns amp operates the MEGA Family Shopping Centre chain in Russia 130 On 8 August 2008 IKEA UK launched a virtual mobile phone network called IKEA Family Mobile which ran on T Mobile 131 At launch it was the cheapest pay as you go network in the UK 132 133 In June 2015 the network announced that its services would cease to operate from 31 August 2015 134 As of 2012 update IKEA has a joint venture with TCL to provide Uppleva integrated HDTV and entertainment system products 135 136 In mid August 2012 the company announced that it would establish a chain of 100 economy hotels in Europe but unlike its few existing hotels in Scandinavia they would not carry the IKEA name nor would they use IKEA furniture and furnishings they would be operated by an unnamed international group of hoteliers 137 As of 30 April 2018 however the company owned only a single hotel the IKEA Hotell in Almhult Sweden It was previously planning to open another one in New Haven Connecticut United States after converting the historic Pirelli Building The company received approval for the concept from the city s planning commission in mid November 2018 the building was to include 165 rooms and the property would offer 129 dedicated parking spaces Research in April 2019 provided no indication that the hotel had been completed as of that time 138 139 The building was then sold to Connecticut architect and developer Becker Becker for 1 2 million 140 Opening in 2022 under Hotel Marcel it will be managed by Chesapeake Hospitality and became part of Hilton s Tapestry Collection 141 142 From 2016 to 2018 IKEA made the Saladda belt driven bicycle 143 In September 2017 IKEA announced they would be acquiring San Francisco based TaskRabbit The deal completed later that year has TaskRabbit operating as an independent company 144 In March 2020 IKEA announced that it had partnered with Pizza Hut Hong Kong on a joint venture IKEA launched a new side table called SAVA The table designed to resemble a pizza saver would be boxed in packaging resembling a pizza box and the building instructions included a suggestion to order a Swedish meatball pizza from Pizza Hut which would contain the same meatballs served in IKEA restaurants 145 146 In April 2020 IKEA acquired AI imaging startup Geomagical Labs 147 148 In July 2020 IKEA opened a concept store in the Harajuku district of Tokyo Japan where it launched its first ever apparel line 149 Ingka Centres IKEA s malls division announced in December 2021 that it would open two malls anchored by IKEA stores in Gurugram and Noida in India at a cost of around 9 000 crore US 1 1 billion Both malls are expected to open by 2025 150 Corporate structure EditMain articles Stichting INGKA Foundation Ikano and Ingvar Kamprad IKEA ownership chart Stichting INGKAFoundation Netherlands Stichting IKEAFoundation Netherlands INGKA Holding Netherlands Other IKEAfranchisees Retaillocations Intellectualproperties IKEA InterogoFoundation Liechtenstein Inter IKEAHolding Netherlands Interogo Holding Switzerland and substs Inter IKEASystems Netherlands IKEA SupplyIKEA of SwedenIKEA IndustryHoldingIKEA Comm unicationsIKEA Food Services Flowchart showing the structure and ownership of IKEA companies Parent companies are at the top of the chart Provides services to Is the parent of This box viewtalkeditIKEA is owned and operated by a complicated array of not for profit and for profit corporations The corporate structure is divided into two main parts operations and franchising INGKA Holding B V based in the Netherlands owns the Ingka Group which takes care of the centers retails customer fulfillment and all the other services related to IKEA products The IKEA brand is owned and managed by Inter IKEA Systems B V based in the Netherlands owned by Inter IKEA Holding B V Inter IKEA Holding is also in charge of design manufacturing and supply of IKEA products Inter IKEA Systems is owned by Inter IKEA Holding BV a company registered in the Netherlands formerly registered in Luxembourg under the name Inter IKEA Holding SA Inter IKEA Holding in turn is owned by the Interogo Foundation based in Liechtenstein 151 152 In 2016 the INGKA Holding sold its design manufacturing and logistics subsidiaries to Inter IKEA Holding 153 In June 2013 Ingvar Kamprad resigned from the board of Inter IKEA Holding SA and his youngest son Mathias Kamprad replaced Per Ludvigsson as the chairman of the holding company Following his decision to step down the 87 year old founder explained I see this as a good time for me to leave the board of Inter IKEA Group By that we are also taking another step in the generation shift that has been ongoing for some years 154 After the 2016 company restructure Inter IKEA Holding SA no longer exists having reincorporated in the Netherlands Mathias Kamprad became a board member of the Inter IKEA Group and the Interogo Foundation 155 Mathias and his two older brothers who also have leadership roles at IKEA work on the corporation s overall vision and long term strategy 154 Control by Kamprad Edit The late Ingvar Kamprad founder of IKEA Along with helping IKEA make a non taxable profit IKEA s complicated corporate structure allowed Kamprad to maintain tight control over the operations of INGKA Holding and thus the operation of most IKEA stores The INGKA Foundation s five person executive committee was chaired by Kamprad It appoints a board of INGKA Holding approves any changes to INGKA Holding s bylaws and has the right to preempt new share issues If a member of the executive committee quits or dies the other four members appoint their replacement In Kamprad s absence the foundation s bylaws include specific provisions requiring it to continue operating the INGKA Holding group and specifying that shares can be sold only to another foundation with the same objectives as the INGKA Foundation 151 Financial information Edit IKEA Concept Center in Delft The head office of Inter IKEA Systems B V which owns the IKEA trademark and concept The net profit of IKEA Group which does not include Inter IKEA systems in fiscal year 2009 after paying franchise fees to Inter IKEA systems was 2 538 billion on sales of 21 846 billion Because INGKA Holding is owned by the non profit INGKA Foundation none of this profit is taxed The foundation s nonprofit status also means that the Kamprad family cannot reap these profits directly but the Kamprads do collect a portion of IKEA sales profits through the franchising relationship between INGKA Holding and Inter IKEA Systems As a franchisee the Ingka Group pays 3 of royalties to Inter IKEA Systems 16 15 Inter IKEA Systems collected 631 million of franchise fees in 2004 but reported pre tax profits of only 225 million in 2004 One of the major pre tax expenses that Inter IKEA systems reported was 590 million of other operating charges IKEA has refused to explain these charges but Inter IKEA Systems appears to make large payments to I I Holding another Luxembourg registered group that according to The Economist is almost certain to be controlled by the Kamprad family I I Holding made a profit of 328 million in 2004 In 2004 the Inter IKEA group of companies and I I Holding reported combined profits of 553m and paid 19m in taxes or approximately 3 5 percent 151 Public Eye formerly known as Erklarung von Bern literally The Berne Declaration a non profit organisation in Switzerland that promotes corporate responsibility has formally criticised IKEA for its tax avoidance strategies In 2007 the organisation nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye awards which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland 156 In February 2016 the Greens EFA group in the European Parliament issued a report entitled IKEA Flat Pack Tax Avoidance on the tax planning strategies of IKEA and their possible use to avoid tax in several European countries The report was sent to Pierre Moscovici the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs Taxation and Customs and Margrethe Vestager the European Commissioner for Competition expressing the hope that it would be of use to them in their respective roles to advance the fight for tax justice in Europe 16 157 Manufacturing logistics and labour EditAlthough IKEA household products and furniture are designed in Sweden they are largely manufactured in developing countries to keep costs down For most of its products the final assembly is performed by the end user consumer Swedwood an IKEA subsidiary handles production of all of the company s wood based products with the largest Swedwood factory located in Southern Poland According to the subsidiary over 16 000 employees across 50 sites in 10 countries manufacture the 100 million pieces of furniture that IKEA sells annually IKEA furniture uses the hardwood alternative particle board Hultsfred a factory in southern Sweden is the company s sole supplier Distribution center efficiency and flexibility have been one of IKEA s ongoing priorities and thus it has implemented automated robotic warehouse systems and warehouse management systems WMS Such systems facilitate a merger of the traditional retail and mail order sales channels into an omni channel fulfillment model 158 In 2020 Ikea was noted by Supply Chain magazine as having one of the most automated warehouse systems in the world 159 2021 supply chain problems Edit Due to the COVID 19 pandemic IKEA has been facing major supply chain issues since 2021 which could extend into 2022 Jon Abrahamsson the chief executive of Inter IKEA has stated that the main issue is shipping products from China as a quarter of IKEA products are made there 160 A variety of reasons led to supply shortages including consumption shocks In addition factories were unable to produce raw materials and workers even after they began receiving orders 161 54 Labour practices Edit During the 1980s IKEA kept its costs down by using production facilities in East Germany A portion of the workforce at those factories consisted of political prisoners This fact revealed in a report by Ernst amp Young commissioned by the company resulted from the intermingling of criminals and political dissidents in the state owned production facilities IKEA contracted with a practice which was generally known in West Germany IKEA was one of a number of companies including West German firms which benefited from this practice The investigation resulted from attempts by former political prisoners to obtain compensation In November 2012 IKEA admitted being aware at the time of the possibility of use of forced labor and failing to exercise sufficient control to identify and avoid it A summary of the Ernst amp Young report was released on 16 November 2012 162 In 2018 Ikea was accused of union busting when employees sought to organize using such tactics as captive audience meetings 163 164 IKEA was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 and 2005 by Working Mothers magazine 165 It ranked 80 in Fortune s 200 Best Companies to Work For in 2006 and in October 2008 IKEA Canada LP was named one of Canada s Top 100 Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc 166 Environmental initiatives Edit Yellow IKEA recyclable shopping bag LED lamp display at an IKEA in Hong Kong Umbrella initiatives Edit After initial environmental issues like the highly publicized formaldehyde scandals in the early 1980s and 1992 167 168 169 IKEA took a proactive stance on environmental issues and tried to prevent future incidents through a variety of measures 170 In 1990 IKEA invited Karl Henrik Robert founder of the Natural Step to address its board of directors Robert s system conditions for sustainability provided a strategic approach to improving the company s environmental performance In 1990 IKEA adopted the Natural Step framework as the basis for its environmental plan 171 This led to the development of an Environmental Action Plan which was adopted in 1992 The plan focused on structural change allowing IKEA to maximize the impact of resources invested and reduce the energy necessary to address isolated issues 171 The environmental measures taken include the following Replacing polyvinylchloride PVC in wallpapers home textiles shower curtains lampshades and furniture PVC has been eliminated from packaging and is being phased out in electric cables Minimizing the use of formaldehyde in its products including textiles Eliminating acid curing lacquers Producing a model of chair OGLA made from 100 post consumer plastic waste Introducing a series of air inflatable furniture products into the product line Such products reduce the use of raw materials for framing and stuffing and reduce transportation weight and volume to about 15 of that of conventional furniture Reducing the use of chromium for metal surface treatment Limiting the use of substances such as cadmium lead PCB PCP and Azo pigments Using wood from responsibly managed forests that replant and maintain biological diversity Using only recyclable materials for flat packaging and pure non mixed materials for packaging to assist in recycling 171 Introducing rental bicycles with trailers for customers in Denmark 172 In 2000 IKEA introduced its code of conduct for suppliers that covers social safety and environmental questions Today IKEA has around 60 auditors who perform hundreds of supplier audits every year The main purpose of these audits is to make sure that the IKEA suppliers follow the law in each country where they are based Most IKEA suppliers fulfil the law today with exceptions for some special issues one being excessive working hours in Asia in countries such as China and India citation needed As of March 2018 update IKEA has signed on with 25 other companies to participate in the British Retail Consortium s Better Retail Better World initiative which challenges companies to meet objectives outlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 173 Product life cycle Edit To make IKEA a more sustainable company a product life cycle was created For the idea stage products should be flat packed so that more items can be shipped at once products should also be easier to dismantle and recycle Raw materials are used and since wood and cotton are two of IKEA s most important manufacturing products the company works with environmentally friendly forests and cotton whereby the excessive use of chemicals and water is avoided 174 IKEA stores recycle waste and many run on renewable energy All employees are trained in environmental and social responsibility while public transit is one of the priorities when the location of stores is considered Also the coffee and chocolate served at IKEA stores is UTZ Certified 175 The last stage of the life cycle is the end of life Most IKEA stores recycle light bulbs and drained batteries and the company is also exploring the recycling of sofas and other home furnishing products Energy sources Edit On 17 February 2011 IKEA announced its plans to develop a wind farm in Dalarna County Sweden furthering its goal of using only renewable energy to fuel its operations 176 As of June 2012 update needs update 17 United States IKEA stores are powered by solar panels with 22 additional installations in progress 177 and IKEA owns the 165 MW Cameron Wind farm in Cameron County on the South Texas coast 178 and a 42 MW coastal wind farm in Finland 179 In September 2019 IKEA announced that they would be investing 2 8 billion in renewable energy infrastructure The company is targeting making their entire supply chain climate positive by 2030 180 Sourcing of wood Edit Reportedly IKEA is the world s largest buyer and retailer of wood 22 In 2015 IKEA claimed to use 1 of world s supply of timber 181 According to IKEA s 2021 Sustainability Report 99 5 of all wood that the company uses is either recycled or meets the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council IKEA states that a ll wood used for IKEA products must meet our critical requirements that ensure it s not e g sourced from illegally harvested forests 21 However despite these claims IKEA has been involved in unsustainable and most likely illegal logging of wood in multiple Eastern European countries in recent years see Criticism of IKEA IKEA owns about 136 000 acres of forest in USA and about 450 000 acres in Europe 182 183 On 14 January 2021 Ikea announced that Ingka Investments had acquired approximately 10 840 acres 4 386 hectares near the Altamaha River Basin in Georgia from The Conservation Fund The acquisition comes with the agreement to protect the land from fragmentation restore the longleaf pine forest and safe guard the habitat of the gopher tortoise 184 185 IKEA is reported to be the largest private landowner in Romania since 2015 22 Use of wood Edit In 2011 the company examined its wood consumption and noticed that almost half of its global pine and spruce consumption was for the fabrication of pallets The company consequently started a transition to the use of paper pallets and the Optiledge system 186 The OptiLedge product is totally recyclable made from 100 virgin high impact copolymer polypropylene PP The system is a unit load alternative to the use of a pallet The system consists of the OptiLedge usually used in pairs aligned and strapped to the bottom carton to form a base layer upon which to stack more products Corner boards are used when strapping to minimize the potential for package compression The conversion began in Germany and Japan before its introduction into the rest of Europe and North America 187 The system has been marketed to other companies and IKEA has formed the OptiLedge company to manage and sell the product 188 Packaging and bags Edit Since March 2013 IKEA has stopped providing plastic bags to customers but offers reusable bags for sale 189 The IKEA restaurants also only offer reusable plates knives forks spoons etc Toilets in some IKEA WC rooms have been outfitted with dual function flushers IKEA has recycling bins for compact fluorescent lamps CFLs energy saving bulbs and batteries In 2001 IKEA was one of the first companies to operate its own cross border goods trains through several countries in Europe 190 Electric vehicles Edit IKEA has expanded its sustainability plan in the UK to include electric car charge points for customers at all locations by the end of 2013 191 needs update The effort will include Nissan and Ecotricity and promise to deliver an 80 charge in 30 minutes 192 From 2016 IKEA has only sold energy efficient LED lightbulbs lamps and light fixtures LED lightbulbs use as little as 15 of the power of a regular incandescent light bulb 193 Investments Edit In August 2008 IKEA announced that it had created IKEA GreenTech a 50 million venture capital fund Located in Lund a university town in Sweden it will invest in 8 10 companies in the coming five years with focus on solar panels alternative light sources product materials energy efficiency and water saving and purification The aim is to commercialise green technologies for sale in IKEA stores within 3 4 years 194 195 Donations made by IKEA EditThe INGKA Foundation is officially dedicated to promoting innovations in architecture and interior design 151 The net worth of the foundation exceeded the net worth of the much better known Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation now the largest private foundation in the world for a period 196 However most of the Group s profit is spent on investment IKEA is involved in several international charitable causes particularly in partnership with UNICEF including In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami IKEA Australia agreed to match dollar for dollar co workers donations and donated all sales of the IKEA Blue Bag to the cause After the 2005 Kashmir earthquake IKEA gave 500 000 blankets to the relief effort in the region 197 IKEA has provided furniture for over 100 bridge schools in Liberia 198 In the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China IKEA Beijing sold an alligator toy for 40 yuan US 5 83 9 10 3 70 with all income going to the children in the earthquake struck area In 2013 IKEA has donated more than 2 6 million to UNICEF to help children and families affected by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines IKEA also supports American Forests to restore forests and reduce pollution 199 200 On 3 March 2022 IKEA announced 20 million donation to UNHCR for relief support of Ukrainians who suffer from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 201 202 IKEA Social Initiative Edit In September 2005 IKEA Social Initiative was formed to manage the company s social involvement on a global level IKEA Social Initiative is headed by Marianne Barner 203 The main partners of IKEA Social Initiative are UNICEF 204 and Save the Children 205 On 23 February 2009 at the ECOSOC event in New York UNICEF announced that IKEA Social Initiative has become the agency s largest corporate partner with total commitments of more than US 180 million 281 079 000 206 207 Examples of involvements The IKEA Social Initiative contributes 1 1 73 to UNICEF and Save the Children from each soft toy sold during the holiday seasons raising a total of 16 7 million 28 91 million so far 208 In 2013 an IKEA soft toy Lufsig created a storm and sold out in Hong Kong and in Southern China because it had been misnamed in Chinese 209 The IKEA Social Initiative provided soft toys to children in Burma after Cyclone Nargis 210 Starting in June 2009 for every Sunnan solar powered lamp sold in IKEA stores worldwide IKEA Social Initiative will donate one Sunnan with the help of UNICEF 211 In September 2011 212 the IKEA Foundation pledged to donate 62 million to help Somali refugees in Kenya 25 According to The Economist however IKEA s charitable giving is meager barely a rounding error in the foundation s assets 25 In 2009 Sweden s largest television station SVT revealed that IKEA s money the three per cent collection from each store does not actually go to a charitable foundation in the Netherlands as IKEA has said Inter IKEA is owned by a foundation in Liechtenstein called Interogo which has amassed 12 billion 18 billion and is controlled by the Kamprad family 25 Marketing EditCatalogue Edit Main article IKEA Catalogue IKEA used to publish an annual catalogue first published in Swedish in 1951 213 It is considered to be the main marketing tool of the company consuming 70 of its annual marketing budget 214 The catalogue is distributed both in stores and by mail 215 with most of it being produced by IKEA Communications AB in IKEA s hometown of Almhult Sweden 216 At its peak in 2016 200 million copies of the catalogue were distributed in 32 languages to more than 50 markets 217 In December 2020 IKEA announced that they would cease publication of both the print and digital versions of the catalogue with the 2021 edition released in 2020 being the final edition 218 IKEA Family Edit The IKEA Family card issued in Canada ca 2012 In common with some other retailers IKEA launched a loyalty card called IKEA Family The card is free of charge and can be used to obtain discounts on certain products found in store It is available worldwide In conjunction with the card IKEA also publishes and sells a printed quarterly magazine titled IKEA Family Live which supplements the card and catalogue The magazine is already printed in thirteen languages and an English edition for the United Kingdom was launched in February 2007 It is expected to have a subscription of over 500 000 219 IKEA Place app Edit On 12 September 2017 IKEA announced the augmented reality app IKEA Place following by Apple s release of its ARkit technology and iOS 11 220 IKEA Place helps consumers to visualize true to scale IKEA products into real environment 221 Advertising Edit In 1994 IKEA ran a commercial in the United States titled Dining Room widely thought to be the first to feature a homosexual couple it aired for several weeks before being pulled after calls for a boycott and a bomb threat directed at IKEA stores 222 Other IKEA commercials appeal to the wider LGBTQ community one featuring a transgender woman 223 German Turkish advertisement in Berlin Neukolln In 2002 the inaugural television component of the Unboring campaign titled Lamp went on to win several awards including a Grand Clio 224 Golds at the London International Awards 225 and the ANDY Awards 226 and the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival 227 the most prestigious awards ceremony in the advertising community A debate ensued between Fraser Patterson Chief Executive of Onis and Andrew McGuinness partner at Beattie McGuinness Bungay BMB the advertising and PR agency that was awarded the 12m IKEA account 228 229 The essence of the debate was that BMB claimed to be unaware of Onis s campaign as Onis was not an advertising agency Onis s argument was that its advertising could be seen in prominent landmarks throughout London having been already accredited showing concern about the impact IKEA s campaign would have on the originality of its own BMB and IKEA subsequently agreed to provide Onis with a feature page on the IKEA campaign site linking through to Onis s website for a period of 1 year In 2008 IKEA paired up with the makers of video game The Sims 2 to make a stuff pack called IKEA Home Stuff featuring many IKEA products It was released on 24 June 2008 in North America and 26 June 2008 in Europe It is the second stuff pack with a major brand the first being The Sims 2 H amp M Fashion Stuff IKEA took over the title sponsorship of Philadelphia s annual Thanksgiving Day parade in 2008 replacing Boscov s which filed for bankruptcy in August 2008 In November 2008 a subway train decorated in IKEA style was introduced in Novosibirsk Russia 230 Four cars were turned into a mobile showroom of the Swedish design The redesigned train which features colourful seats and fancy curtains carried passengers until 6 June 2009 IKEA marketing campaign in the Paris Metro In March 2010 IKEA developed an event in four important Metro stations in Paris in which furniture collections are displayed in high traffic spots giving potential customers a chance to check out the brand s products The Metro walls were also filled with prints that showcase IKEA interiors In September 2017 IKEA launched the IKEA Human Catalogue campaign in which memory champion Yanjaa Wintersoul memorized all 328 pages of the catalogue in minute detail in just a week before its launch To prove the legitimacy and accuracy of the campaign live demonstrations were held at press conferences in IKEA stores across Malaysia Singapore Thailand as well as a Facebook Live event held at the Facebook Singapore headquarters and talk show demonstrations in the US with Steve Harvey among others 231 The advertising campaign was hugely successful winning numerous industry awards including the Webby award 2018 for best social media campaign 232 an Ogilvy award and is currently a contender for the Cannes Lions 2018 233 In 2020 IKEA conducted a Buy Back Friday campaign with a message to present a new life to old furniture instead of offering customers to buy new items for Black Friday 234 In June 2021 IKEA said it had suspended adverts on GB News because of concerns the channel s content would go against their aim to be inclusive In a statement IKEA said We have safeguards in place to prevent our advertising from appearing on platforms that are not in line with our humanistic values We are in the process of investigating how this may have occurred to ensure it won t happen again in future and have suspended paid display advertising in the meantime 235 Criticisms EditMain article Criticism of IKEA See also Stichting INGKA Foundation Criticisms and reforms IKEA has been criticized about unsustainable sourcing of wood from protected forests certain unsafe product lines negative effects on communities as well as other issues In popular culture EditIKEA stores have been featured in many works of fiction Some examples include The SCP Foundation an online collaborative writing project documenting fictional anomalous objects entities and events features an entry numbered SCP 3008 based on an IKEA store which is notably bigger on the inside than it would outwardly imply and from which escaping is far more difficult than expected 236 237 The interior of this store is populated by entities dressed in IKEA staff attire resembling highly deformed faceless humanoids which are normally passive during the day when the lights are switched on but become aggressive during the night when the lights are switched off A number of survival horror video games have been created based on SCP 3008 238 The Swedish crime comedy film Jonssonligan dyker upp igen features a failed robbery of the IKEA store at Kungens Kurva by the eponymous gang 239 The American film 500 Days of Summer features the main characters flirting around the showroom of an IKEA store It was filmed on location at an IKEA store One of the tracks from the film s score is entitled Ikea to reflect the scene 240 The novel The Extraordinary Journey of the Fakir Who Got Trapped in an Ikea Wardrobe by French author Romain Puertolas features a trip to an IKEA store in Paris France 241 IKEA Heights a comedic melodrama web series Children s picture book Bears Out of The Box by Stefan Cabo and illustrated by Lucia Mrvova The book features IKEA s famed Fabler Bjorn doll who is trying to venture outside the store The book was released in 2021 by Europe Books 242 243 244 The 2014 horror comedy novel Horrorstor is set in a haunted store called ARSK modelled on IKEA and the novel is designed to look like the IKEA catalog 245 In 2018 the company s plush toy shark Blahaj was widely used in an internet meme 246 247 248 with social media users posting humorous photos of it in their homes 249 References Edit Hitti Natasha 2 August 2018 IKEA celebrates 75th anniversary with vintage furniture collections Dezeen Retrieved 25 August 2021 IKEA s number of stores worldwide from 2013 to 2020 statista com Retrieved 8 December 2020 IKEA Has a New CEO Fortune 24 May 2017 Retrieved 5 December 2017 IKEA finalizing its biggest overhaul in decades Reuters Retrieved 19 December 2020 Ringstrom Anna 18 January 2022 IKEA s climate footprint shrinks from pre pandemic level despite record sales Reuters Topic Ikea www statista com Retrieved 14 January 2017 Loeb Walter IKEA Is A World Wide Wonder Forbes Retrieved 14 January 2017 How IKEA creator Ingvar Kamprad built the world s largest furniture retailer and a 39 billion fortune Business Insider Retrieved 14 January 2017 Zuvela Maja 8 January 2008 IKEA mulls joint venture with Bosnia furniture maker Reuters Archived from the original on 31 October 2015 Retrieved 24 July 2013 Profiles of 50 major furniture retailers worldwide Market Research Report by CSIL www worldfurnitureonline com CSILMilano Research and Studies Retrieved 14 January 2017 The story behind Ikea s quirky product names The Times of India 10 August 2018 Ingvar Kamprad and IKEA Harvard Business School Publishing Boston MA 02163 1996 IKEA Faits et chiffres 2018 Ringstrom Anna Dowsett Sonya 10 October 2018 New stores and online growth help IKEA fend off rivals Reuters Archived from the original on 23 December 2018 Retrieved 23 December 2018 a b Who Owns IKEA IKEA Business Model In A Nutshell 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23 June 2020 Timber from unsustainable logging allegedly being sold in EU as ethical www theguardian com published 16 July 2021 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Jane Dalton 23 June 2020 Ikea sold children s furniture made of illegally logged Russian wood www independent co uk Retrieved 22 July 2022 a b c d Collins Lauren 26 September 2011 House Perfect The New Yorker Archived from the original on 8 September 2021 Retrieved 8 September 2021 a b Ciment Shoshy Here s what the first Ikea store ever looked like when it opened in Sweden more than 60 years ago Business Insider Retrieved 27 April 2020 Company news IKEA The Globe and Mail 11 March 1988 p B8 North America s first IKEA store is closing The Swedish furniture chain whose Dartmouth N S store opened in 1975 said it is shutting the doors on the store and warehouse in six months putting 50 people out of work For the love of Ikea Toronto Star 3 August 2012 Retrieved 8 May 2014 a b Siegfried Patrick 1 October 2014 Business Cases Internationalisation Strategies in Global Player Companies Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft Munchen ISBN 978 3 96091 353 5 Ikea blijft groeien De Standaard Retrieved 7 April 2016 How IKEA Leveraged The Art Of Listening To Global Dominance Forbes Retrieved 7 April 2016 Finch Julia 31 May 2002 Democratic by design The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 7 April 2016 1980s IKEA www ikea com Archived from the original on 30 April 2021 Retrieved 7 April 2016 Publishing Bloomsbury 6 June 2011 Business The Ultimate Resource A amp C Black ISBN 978 1 4081 5646 9 IKEA is now open for business in India Here s what it offers The Economic Times 10 August 2018 Retrieved 30 December 2020 IKEA Retail India moves the opening date to 9th of August 2018 IKEA Retrieved 30 December 2020 Ikea Opens World s Largest Outlet in Pasay ABS CBN News November 25 2021 World s biggest IKEA store opens in PH on Nov 25 CNN Philippines Retrieved 25 November 2021 Venzon Cliff 25 November 2021 Ikea opens first outlet in Philippines its largest globally Nikkei Asia Retrieved 25 November 2021 Fenol Jessica 25 November 2021 IKEA Pasay City opens to public on Nov 25 with no booking no shopping policy ABS CBN News Retrieved 25 November 2021 IKEA elige Chile para su desembarco en Sudamerica August 2022 Primera tienda de Ikea en Colombia ya tiene fecha En famoso centro comercial IKEA Franchising IKEA opens new store in Santiago Chile About ikea com Retrieved 11 August 2022 IKEA Closes All 17 Stores in Russia 3 March 2022 Ringstrom Anna 15 June 2022 IKEA puts Russian factories up for sale plans job cuts Reuters Retrieved 16 June 2022 Istochnik IKEA ne planiruet prodavat biznes v Rossii i hochet vernutsya v techenie dvuh let in Russian TASS 24 August 2022 IKEA uvolila 10 tys sotrudnikov v Rossii banki ru in Russian 13 October 2022 Ikea to reopen 19 stores during UK lockdown TheGuardian com 22 May 2020 Retrieved 18 June 2022 IKEA reopens in Ottawa during COVID 19 pandemic 26 May 2020 Retrieved 18 June 2022 Ikea 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Pirelli Hotel Plan Survives Surprise Attack Independent 15 November 2018 Retrieved 9 April 2019 The approved plans call for a 165 room hotel 129 dedicated parking spaces 200 square feet of bicycle storage in the bottom of the IKEA sign stormwater management and landscaping improvements a reconfiguration of IKEA s existing 1 241 space surface lot and the repair and cleaning up of the building s facade The proposal does not call for any changes to be made to the building s exterior 360 State Builder Buys IKEA Hotel Site New Haven Independent Retrieved 10 March 2022 How an Iconic Brutalist Building Became One of the Most Sustainable Hotels in the U S Buildings Retrieved 10 March 2022 Hotel Marcel opening Look inside the country s first net zero energy hotel www boston com Retrieved 10 March 2022 Small Andrew 5 June 2018 Rest In Peace Ikea Bike www bloomberg com Retrieved 20 July 2022 Staff Writer 28 September 2017 No assembly required Ikea to buy services site TaskRabbit The Boston Globe 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Centers in Perryville MD and Westampton NJ Will Be among Country s Largest Projects Business Wire 12 June 2012 Archived from the original on 12 July 2014 Handy Ryan Maye 27 July 2017 Sea change Gulf Coast wind farms become vital to Texas energy mix Houston Chronicle Retrieved 31 July 2017 Ajos vindpark overlamnad till kund www vindkraftsnyheter se 6 October 2017 Archived from the original on 16 October 2018 Retrieved 11 October 2017 Quito Anne 21 September 2019 IKEA is investing 2 8 billion in renewable energy infrastructure Quartz Retrieved 7 October 2019 Making Solid Wood ikea com 26 February 2015 Archived from the original on 19 April 2015 Takahashi Paul 22 November 2019 Ikea acquires 42 000 acres of forestland in East Texas San Antonio Express News Alaa Elassar 31 January 2021 Ikea bought 11 000 acres of forest in Georgia to protect it from development CNN The Good Stuff Ingka Investments acquires forestland in United States from The Conservation Fund www ikea com Retrieved 2 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Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 Retrieved 10 June 2009 IKEA GreenTech Green VC 10 August 2008 Archived from the original on 30 April 2009 Retrieved 10 June 2009 Foundation Fact Sheet Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation Retrieved 9 March 2007 Quake children at greater risk after rain snowfall UN IKEA donates 9 000 tables for Liberia s schools and health centres Unicef org Archived from the original on 11 June 2009 Retrieved 10 June 2009 Plant Trees IKEA 12 June 2006 Retrieved 10 June 2009 American Forests American Forests Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 27 September 2010 Amiah Taylor 7 March 2022 Google transforms Poland office into help center for Ukrainian refugees Fortune Retrieved 8 March 2022 Justin Klawans 3 March 2022 Swedish Company IKEA Is Latest Global Brand to Donate to Ukrainian Relief Newsweek Retrieved 9 February 2022 Social initiatives IKEA Museum Retrieved 1 June 2022 UNICEF s corporate partnerships Unicef org Archived from the original 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2007 Archived from the original on 11 May 2009 Retrieved 10 June 2009 Ikea s new marketing campaign remarkably similar to strategy used by Scots led firm Sunday Herald Archived from the original on 11 October 2007 Retrieved 10 June 2009 IKEA v metro in Russian metkere com Retrieved 28 January 2013 IKEA Human Catalogue ikeahumancatalogue com Retrieved 17 June 2018 The IKEA Human Catalogue The Webby Awards Retrieved 17 June 2018 20 ad campaigns tipped to win at Cannes Lions AdNews Retrieved 17 June 2018 IKEA Black Friday 2020 www ikea com Retrieved 11 April 2021 Brands pull ads from GB News TV channel over content concerns Retrieved 16 June 2021 Beschizza Rob 29 June 2017 Brilliant short story about being trapped in an infinite IKEA Boing Boing Retrieved 5 August 2017 SCP 3008 SCP Foundation Retrieved 13 December 2019 Steam Workshop SCP 3008 Steam Community Retrieved 13 December 2019 Mikael Ekman director 24 October 1986 Jonssonligan dyker upp igen in Swedish Sweden Svensk Filmindustri Nordisk Film Eight surprising facts about 500 Days of Summer New Zealand Herald 19 July 2019 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Daniel Hahn The Extraordinary Journey Of The Fakir Who Got Trapped In An Ikea Wardrobe By Romain Puertolas Trs by Sam Taylor book review The Independent Retrieved 13 December 2019 BEARS OUT OF THE BOX Stefan Cebo EuropeBooks in Italian 23 January 2021 Retrieved 16 July 2022 BEARS OUT OF THE BOX Pocket Book January 22 2021 Amazon Retrieved 16 July 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Bears out of the Box www goodreads com Retrieved 16 July 2022 Hibberd James 5 August 2015 Fox orders pilot about an Ikea like store selling haunted furniture Entertainment Weekly Retrieved 19 July 2022 Samson Anna A toy shark from IKEA has blown up on TikTok as creators say it provides them with a unique kind of comfort and community Insider Retrieved 18 July 2022 Yap Mae Yen 20 January 2020 Someone created a Twitter account of the IKEA shark going about life and it s adorable Mashable SEA Retrieved 18 July 2022 People Around the world are obsessed with this Plush Shark from IKEA My Modern Met 26 October 2018 Retrieved 19 July 2022 People are rearranging IKEA Shark plushies to make them do human things mothership sg Retrieved 18 July 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to IKEA Company home page IKEA companies grouped at OpenCorporates Business data for IKEA International A S GoogleYahoo Portals Netherlands Sweden Companies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IKEA amp oldid 1137334355, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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