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Wikipedia

Amazon (company)

January 06, 2023

This article is about the multinational technology company. For other companies, see Amazon (disambiguation) § Organizations.

Amazon.com, Inc.[1] (/ˈæməzɒn/ AM-ə-zon) is an American multinational technology company focusing on e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It has been referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world",[5] and is one of the world's most valuable brands.[6] It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft.

Amazon.com, Inc.
The Amazon Spheres, part of the Amazon headquarters in Seattle, U.S.
Amazon
FormerlyCadabra, Inc. (1994–1995)
TypePublic
ISINUS0231351067
Industry
FoundedJuly 5, 1994; 28 years ago (1994-07-05)
Bellevue, Washington, U.S.
FounderJeff Bezos
Headquarters
Seattle, Washington and Arlington, Virginia
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
Services
Revenue US$469.822 billion (2021)
US$24.879 billion (2021)
US$33.364 billion (2021)
Total assets US$420.549 billion (2021)
Total equity US$138.245 billion (2021)
OwnerJeff Bezos (9.8%)
Number of employees
  • 1,544,000 (September 2022)
  • U.S.: 950,000 (June 2021)
Subsidiaries
List
Websitewww.amazon.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2][3][4]

Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos from his garage in Bellevue, Washington,[7] on July 5, 1994. Initially an online marketplace for books, it has expanded into a multitude of product categories, a strategy that has earned it the moniker The Everything Store.[8] It has multiple subsidiaries including Amazon Web Services (cloud computing), Zoox (autonomous vehicles), Kuiper Systems (satellite Internet), and Amazon Lab126 (computer hardware R&D). Its other subsidiaries include Ring, Twitch, IMDb, and Whole Foods Market. Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US$13.4 billion substantially increased its footprint as a physical retailer.[9]

Amazon has earned a reputation as a disruptor of well-established industries through technological innovation and "aggressive" reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures.[10][11][12][13] As of 2023, it is the world's largest online retailer and marketplace, smart speaker provider, cloud computing service through AWS,[14] live-streaming service through Twitch, and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share.[15] In 2021, it surpassed Walmart as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, Amazon Prime, which has over 200 million subscribers worldwide.[16][17] It is the second-largest private employer in the United States.[18]

Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Music, Twitch, and Audible units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, film and television content through Amazon Studios, and has been the owner of film and television studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer since March 2022. It also produces consumer electronics—most notably, Kindle e-readers, Echo devices, Fire tablets, and Fire TVs.

Amazon has been criticized for customer data collection practices,[19] a toxic work culture,[20] tax avoidance,[21][22] and anti-competitive behavior.[23][24]

History

Main article: History of Amazon

1994–2006: Early years

Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by Jeff Bezos, who chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent, as Microsoft was in the area.[25]

Amazon went public in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany. The following year, it began selling music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.[26][27]

In 2002, it launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform.[28][29] In 2004, AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service.[30] AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service (S3) in 2006,[31] and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2008,[32] allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure.[33]

2007–present: Growth

Amazon purchased the Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017.[34]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon introduced a hazard pay of $2-per-hour, changes to overtime pay, and a policy of unlimited, unpaid time off until April 30, 2020. The hazard pay increase expired in June 2020, and the paid time-off policy in May 2022.[35][36] Amazon also introduced temporary restrictions on the sale of non-essential goods, and hired 100,000 more staff in the US and Canada.[37] Some Amazon workers in the US, France, and Italy protested the company's decision to "run normal shifts" despite many positive COVID-19 cases.[38][39] In Spain, the company has faced legal complaints over its policies.[40] A group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos in March 2020, expressing concerns about worker safety.[41]

On February 2, 2021, Amazon announced that Jeff Bezos would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board in Q3 of 2021. Andy Jassy, previously CEO of AWS, became Amazon's CEO.[42][43] In January 2023, Amazon announced job cuts for over 18,000 workers, in an attempt to cut costs.[44]

Products and services

Main article: List of Amazon products and services

Ecommerce

Amazon.com

amazon.com
 
Logo since January 2000
Screenshot
 
Homepage
Type of site
E-commerce
Available in
  • Arabic
  • Chinese
  • Dutch
  • English
  • French
  • German
  • Hindi
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
  • Swedish
  • Turkish
OwnerAmazon
URLamazon.com (original U.S. site)
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional
Launched1995; 28 years ago (1995)
Current statusActive
Written inC++ and Java
[45]

Amazon.com is an ecommerce platform that sells many product lines, including media (books, movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry, watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm supplies[46] and consulting services.[47] Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for the U.S. and amazon.fr for France), though some offer international shipping.[48]

Visits to amazon.com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008,[49] to more than 2 billion per month in 2022.[50] The ecommerce platform is the 14th most visited website in the world.[51]

Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.[52] The company's localized storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by top-level domain and country code:

 
Region Country Domain name Since Notes
Africa Egypt amazon.eg September 2021 Formerly known as Souq.com Egypt
Americas Brazil amazon.com.br December 2012
Canada amazon.ca June 2002
Mexico amazon.com.mx August 2013
United States amazon.com July 1995
Asia China amazon.cn September 2004 Formerly known as Joyo.com CHN
India amazon.in June 2013
Japan amazon.co.jp November 2000
Saudi Arabia amazon.sa June 2020 Formerly known as Souq.com KSA
Singapore amazon.sg July 2017
Turkey amazon.com.tr September 2018
United Arab Emirates amazon.ae May 2019 Formerly known as Souq.com UAE
Europe Belgium amazon.com.be October 2022
France amazon.fr August 2000
Germany amazon.de October 1998
Italy amazon.it November 2010
Netherlands amazon.nl November 2014 Books & e-books (plus readers) only, full shop per March 2020[53][54][55]
Poland amazon.pl March 2021
Spain amazon.es September 2011
Sweden amazon.se October 2020
United Kingdom amazon.co.uk October 1998
Oceania Australia amazon.com.au November 2017
Merchant partnerships

In 2000, U.S. toy retailer Toys "R" Us entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.[56][57][58]

In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group, under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.[59] Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.[60]

On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.[61]

In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into Dallas, Houston, New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014.[62]

In June 2017, Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods.[63][64] This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019.[64][65] Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods.[66]

In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$ 104.44 million (₹ 759 crore) in financial year 2017–2018.[67]

As of October 11, 2017, AmazonFresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas.[68]

In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc. to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.[69][70]

Private-label products
Main article: List of Amazon brands

Amazon sells many products under its own brand names, including phone chargers, batteries, an diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas the average for other large retailers is 18%.[71] Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials.[72]

Third-party sellers

Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.[73] Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.[74]

Affiliate program

Publishers can signup as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.[75] In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads.[76] It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.[77]

Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.[78]

Product reviews
See also: Criticism of Amazon § Amazon reviews

Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "... the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.[79]

When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose".[80]

There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients[81] and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works

Amazon sales rank

The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.[82] While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.[82] Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.[83] For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors.[84] While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,[85] though Amazon states:

Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources

— Amazon.com Help[86]

Physical stores

In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle. The store is 5,500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website.[87] Amazon will open its tenth physical book store in 2017;[88] media speculation suggests Amazon plans to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.[87]

In June 2018, it was reported that Amazon planned to open brick and mortar bookstores in Germany.[89]

In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco, CA as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.[90]

In 2020, Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[91]

In September 2020, Amazon launched Luxury Stores on its mobile app, where Oscar de la Renta become the first and only label to partner with the firm.[92]

Hardware and services

Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant Alexa, Amazon Music and Prime Video for music and videos respectively, the Amazon Appstore for Android apps, and its Kindle hardware line of e-readers and tablets. Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening.

In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of Astro, its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual.[93]

Subsidiaries

See also: List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon

Amazon owns over 40 subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services, Audible, Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics), Shopbop, Teachstreet, Twitch, Zappos, and Zoox.[94]

Amazon Web Services

Main article: Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms. As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group.[95][96]

Audible

Main article: Audible (service)

Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks, radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.[97]

Goodreads

Main article: Goodreads

Goodreads is a "social cataloging" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.[98]

Ring

Main article: Ring (company)

Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1 billion in 2018.[99]

Twitch

Main article: Twitch (service)

Twitch is a live streaming platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for $970 million.[100] The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service, leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the ESPN of esports".[101] As of 2015, the service had over 1.5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers.[102]

Whole Foods Market

 
Whole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor, Michigan

Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.[103] Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion in August 2017.[104][105][9]

Other

Other Amazon subsidiaries include:

  • A9.com, a company focused on researching and building innovative technology, has been a subsidiary since 2003.[106]
  • Amazon Maritime, Inc. holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non-vessel-owning common carrier (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.[107]
  • Amazon Pharmacy is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.[108]
  • Annapurna Labs, an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by Amazon Web Services in January 2015 .[109][110][111]
  • Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services, which applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission. Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx.[112][113]
  • Brilliance Audio, an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven, Michigan.[114] The company produced its first 8 audio titles in 1985.[114] The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.[115][116] At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.[116] It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.[117] The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.[117] It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.[117]
  • ComiXology, a cloud-based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.[118]
  • CreateSpace, which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.[119][120]
  • Eero, an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.[121] Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97 million.[122] Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.[123]
  • Health Navigator is a startup developing APIs for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under $1 billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.[124]
  • Junglee, a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.[125] Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012[126] as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.[127]
  • Kuiper Systems, is a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3,236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.[128][129][130]
  • Lab126, developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle, became a subsidiary in 2004.[131]
  • Shelfari, a former social cataloging website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, tag and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.[98] Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari.[132][133]
  • Souq, the former largest e-commerce platform in the Arab world. The company launched in 2005 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and served multiple areas across the Middle East.[134] On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580 million.[135] The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.[136]

Amazon also has investments in renewable energy and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta.[137]

Operations

See also: List of Amazon locations

Logistics

 
Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station

Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include:

  • Amazon Air, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the U.S. Postal Service.
  • Amazon Flex, a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now, same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.[138]
  • Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.[139]
  • Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service.

Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "Amazon Hub Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.[140]

Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the U.S. Postal Service (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by UPS.[141] In April 2021, Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in-house delivery capacity by 50% in the last 12 months (which included the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States).[142]

Supply chain

Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle, Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross-dock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.[143][144] Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics.

In September 2006, Amazon launched a program called FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) whereby it could handle storage, packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers.[145]

  •  

    Amazon.fr fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, France

  •  

    Amazon.es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, Spain

  •  

    Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UK

  •  

    Amazon.de fulfillment center in Graben, Germany

  •  

    Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa, Japan

  •  

    Amazon fulfillment center in Macon, Georgia, U.S.

Corporate affairs

 
The company's largest campus outside the United States was inaugurated in Hyderabad, India in September 2019.

Board of directors

 
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016

As of June 2022, Amazon's board of directors were:[146]

Finances

Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.[147] As of 2018, Amazon.com is ranked eighth on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[148]

For the fiscal year 2021, Amazon reported earnings of US$33.36 billion, with an annual revenue of US$469.82 billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 469.822 billion, due to continued business expansion.[149]

Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.[150]

Year Revenue[151]
in mil. US$ 		Net income
in mil. US$ 		Total Assets
in mil. US$ 		Employees
1995[152] 0.5 −0.3 1.1
1996[152] 16 −6 8
1997[152] 148 −28 149 614
1998[153] 610 −124 648 2,100
1999[153] 1,639 −720 2,466 7,600
2000[153] 2,761 −1,411 2,135 9,000
2001[153] 3,122 −567 1,638 7,800
2002[153] 3,932 −149 1,990 7,500
2003[154] 5,263 35 2,162 7,800
2004[154] 6,921 588 3,248 9,000
2005[154] 8,490 359 3,696 12,000
2006[154] 10,711 190 4,363 13,900
2007[154] 14,835 476 6,485 17,000
2008[155] 19,166 645 8,314 20,700
2009[156] 24,509 902 13,813 24,300
2010[157] 34,204 1,152 18,797 33,700
2011[158] 48,077 631 25,278 56,200
2012[159] 61,093 −39 32,555 88,400
2013[160] 74,452 274 40,159 117,300
2014[161] 88,988 −241 54,505 154,100
2015[162] 107,006 596 64,747 230,800
2016[163] 135,987 2,371 83,402 341,400
2017[164] 177,866 3,033 131,310 566,000
2018[165] 232,887 10,073 162,648 647,500
2019[166] 280,522 11,588 225,248 798,000
2020[167] 386,064 21,331 321,195 1,298,000
2021[1] 469,822 33,364 420,549 1,608,000

Corporate culture

During his tenure, Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters, which have gained similar notability to those of Warren Buffett.[168] These annual letters gave an "invaluable window" into the famously "secretive" company, and revealed Bezos's perspectives and strategic focus.[168][169] A common theme of these letters is Bezos's desire to instill customer-centricity (in his words, "customer obsession") at all levels of Amazon, notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers. He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address.[170] One of Bezos's most well-known internal memos was his mandate for "all teams" to "expose their data and functionality" through service interfaces "designed from the ground up to be externalizable". This process, commonly known as a service-oriented architecture (SOA), resulted in mandatory dogfooding of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS.[171]

Lobbying

Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and data protection and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.[172] In 2019, it spent $16.8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists.[173]

Amazon.com was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.[174]

In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld lobbying firm in June.[175] Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.[176] In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.[177]

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of Amazon
 
A sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle.

Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;[178] forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA;[179] leading customers away from bookshops;[180] adversely impacting the environment;[181] placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers;[182] actively opposing unionization efforts;[183] remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its 1-Click technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and price discrimination;[23][24] and reclassifying LGBT books as adult content.[184][185] Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website, works containing libel and material facilitating dogfight, cockfight, or pedophile activities. In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.[186] Companies like Groupon, eBay and Taap.it countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.[187][188]

The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to Brad Stone, "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."[52] In July 2014, the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.[189] In 2019, Amazon banned selling skin-lightening and racist products that might affect the consumer's health.[190] In 2022, a lawsuit filed by state attorney-general Letitia James was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals.[191]

See also

References

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Further reading

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January 06, 2023
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This article is about the multinational technology company For other companies see Amazon disambiguation Organizations Amazon com Inc 1 ˈ ae m e z ɒ n AM e zon is an American multinational technology company focusing on e commerce cloud computing online advertising digital streaming and artificial intelligence It has been referred to as one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world 5 and is one of the world s most valuable brands 6 It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies alongside Alphabet Apple Meta and Microsoft Amazon com Inc The Amazon Spheres part of the Amazon headquarters in Seattle U S Trade nameAmazonFormerlyCadabra Inc 1994 1995 TypePublicTraded asNasdaq AMZNNasdaq 100 componentS amp P 100 componentS amp P 500 componentISINUS0231351067IndustryE commercecloud computingartificial intelligenceconsumer electronicsentertainmentdigital distributionself driving carssupermarketFoundedJuly 5 1994 28 years ago 1994 07 05 Bellevue Washington U S FounderJeff BezosHeadquartersSeattle Washington and Arlington Virginia U S Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJeff Bezos executive chairman Andy Jassy president and CEO ProductsEchoFire TabletFire TVFire OSKindleServicesAmazon com Amazon Alexa Amazon Appstore Amazon Luna Amazon Music Amazon Pay Amazon PrimeRevenueUS 469 822 billion 2021 Operating incomeUS 24 879 billion 2021 Net incomeUS 33 364 billion 2021 Total assetsUS 420 549 billion 2021 Total equityUS 138 245 billion 2021 OwnerJeff Bezos 9 8 Number of employees1 544 000 September 2022 U S 950 000 June 2021 SubsidiariesList A9 comAbeBooksAlexa InternetAmazon comAmazon AirAmazon BooksAmazon FreshAmazon GamesAmazon Lab126Amazon LogisticsAmazon PharmacyAmazon PublishingAmazon RoboticsAmazon StudiosAWSAudibleBlinkBody LabsBook DepositoryComiXologyDigital Photography ReviewEero LLCGoodreadsGraphiqIMDbMGM HoldingsPillPackRingSouq comTwitch InteractiveWhole Foods MarketWootZapposZooxWebsitewww wbr amazon wbr comFootnotes references 1 2 3 4 Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos from his garage in Bellevue Washington 7 on July 5 1994 Initially an online marketplace for books it has expanded into a multitude of product categories a strategy that has earned it the moniker The Everything Store 8 It has multiple subsidiaries including Amazon Web Services cloud computing Zoox autonomous vehicles Kuiper Systems satellite Internet and Amazon Lab126 computer hardware R amp D Its other subsidiaries include Ring Twitch IMDb and Whole Foods Market Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US 13 4 billion substantially increased its footprint as a physical retailer 9 Amazon has earned a reputation as a disruptor of well established industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures 10 11 12 13 As of 2023 update it is the world s largest online retailer and marketplace smart speaker provider cloud computing service through AWS 14 live streaming service through Twitch and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share 15 In 2021 it surpassed Walmart as the world s largest retailer outside of China driven in large part by its paid subscription plan Amazon Prime which has over 200 million subscribers worldwide 16 17 It is the second largest private employer in the United States 18 Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video Amazon Music Twitch and Audible units It publishes books through its publishing arm Amazon Publishing film and television content through Amazon Studios and has been the owner of film and television studio Metro Goldwyn Mayer since March 2022 It also produces consumer electronics most notably Kindle e readers Echo devices Fire tablets and Fire TVs Amazon has been criticized for customer data collection practices 19 a toxic work culture 20 tax avoidance 21 22 and anti competitive behavior 23 24 Contents 1 History 1 1 1994 2006 Early years 1 2 2007 present Growth 2 Products and services 2 1 Ecommerce 2 1 1 Amazon com 2 1 1 1 Merchant partnerships 2 1 1 2 Private label products 2 1 1 3 Third party sellers 2 1 1 4 Affiliate program 2 1 1 5 Product reviews 2 1 1 6 Amazon sales rank 2 1 2 Physical stores 2 2 Hardware and services 2 3 Subsidiaries 2 3 1 Amazon Web Services 2 3 2 Audible 2 3 3 Goodreads 2 3 4 Ring 2 3 5 Twitch 2 3 6 Whole Foods Market 2 3 7 Other 3 Operations 3 1 Logistics 3 2 Supply chain 4 Corporate affairs 4 1 Board of directors 4 2 Finances 4 3 Corporate culture 4 4 Lobbying 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistoryMain article History of Amazon 1994 2006 Early years Amazon was founded on July 5 1994 by Jeff Bezos who chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent as Microsoft was in the area 25 Amazon went public in May 1997 It began selling music and videos in 1998 and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany The following year it began selling music video games consumer electronics home improvement items software games and toys 26 27 In 2002 it launched Amazon Web Services AWS which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon s ecommerce platform 28 29 In 2004 AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service 30 AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service S3 in 2006 31 and Elastic Compute Cloud EC2 in 2008 32 allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon In 2006 Amazon also launched theFulfillment by Amazonprogram which allowed individuals and small companies called third party sellers to sell products through Amazon s warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure 33 2007 present Growth Amazon purchased the Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017 34 During the COVID 19 pandemic Amazon introduced a hazard pay of 2 per hour changes to overtime pay and a policy of unlimited unpaid time off until April 30 2020 The hazard pay increase expired in June 2020 and the paid time off policy in May 2022 35 36 Amazon also introduced temporary restrictions on the sale of non essential goods and hired 100 000 more staff in the US and Canada 37 Some Amazon workers in the US France and Italy protested the company s decision to run normal shifts despite many positive COVID 19 cases 38 39 In Spain the company has faced legal complaints over its policies 40 A group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos in March 2020 expressing concerns about worker safety 41 On February 2 2021 Amazon announced that Jeff Bezos would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon s board in Q3 of 2021 Andy Jassy previously CEO of AWS became Amazon s CEO 42 43 In January 2023 Amazon announced job cuts for over 18 000 workers in an attempt to cut costs 44 Products and servicesMain article List of Amazon products and services Ecommerce Amazon com amazon com Logo since January 2000Screenshot HomepageType of siteE commerceAvailable inArabicChineseDutchEnglishFrenchGermanHindiItalianJapanesePolishPortugueseSpanishSwedishTurkishOwnerAmazonURLamazon wbr com original U S site CommercialYesRegistrationOptionalLaunched1995 28 years ago 1995 Current statusActiveWritten inC and Java 45 Amazon com is an ecommerce platform that sells many product lines including media books movies music and software apparel baby products consumer electronics beauty products gourmet food groceries health and personal care products industrial amp scientific supplies kitchen items jewelry watches lawn and garden items musical instruments sporting goods tools automotive items toys and games and farm supplies 46 and consulting services 47 Amazon websites are country specific for example amazon com for the U S and amazon fr for France though some offer international shipping 48 Visits to amazon com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008 49 to more than 2 billion per month in 2022 50 The ecommerce platform is the 14th most visited website in the world 51 Results generated by Amazon s search engine are partly determined by promotional fees 52 The company s localized storefronts which differ in selection and prices are differentiated by top level domain and country code Region Country Domain name Since NotesAfrica Egypt amazon eg September 2021 Formerly known as Souq com EgyptAmericas Brazil amazon com br December 2012Canada amazon ca June 2002Mexico amazon com mx August 2013United States amazon com July 1995Asia China amazon cn September 2004 Formerly known as Joyo com CHNIndia amazon in June 2013Japan amazon co jp November 2000Saudi Arabia amazon sa June 2020 Formerly known as Souq com KSASingapore amazon sg July 2017Turkey amazon com tr September 2018United Arab Emirates amazon ae May 2019 Formerly known as Souq com UAEEurope Belgium amazon com be October 2022France amazon fr August 2000Germany amazon de October 1998Italy amazon it November 2010Netherlands amazon nl November 2014 Books amp e books plus readers only full shop per March 2020 53 54 55 Poland amazon pl March 2021Spain amazon es September 2011Sweden amazon se October 2020United Kingdom amazon co uk October 1998Oceania Australia amazon com au November 2017Merchant partnerships In 2000 U S toy retailer Toys R Us entered into a 10 year agreement with Amazon valued at 50 million per year plus a cut of sales under which Toys R Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service and the chain s website would redirect to Amazon s Toys amp Games category In 2004 Toys R Us sued Amazon claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys R Us stock Amazon had knowingly allowed third party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys R Us had been granted exclusivity In 2006 a court ruled in favor of Toys R Us giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e commerce website The company was later awarded 51 million in damages 56 57 58 In 2001 Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group under which Amazon would comanage Borders com as a co branded service 59 Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007 with plans to also launch its own online store 60 On October 18 2011 Amazon com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics including Superman Batman Green Lantern The Sandman and Watchmen The partnership has caused well known bookstores like Barnes amp Noble to remove these titles from their shelves 61 In November 2013 Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays The service included in Amazon s standard shipping rates initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high volume and inability to deliver in a timely way with plans to expand into Dallas Houston New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014 62 In June 2017 Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods 63 64 This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019 64 65 Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods 66 In September 2017 Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US 104 44 million 759 crore in financial year 2017 2018 67 As of October 11 2017 update AmazonFresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas 68 In November 2018 Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc to sell selected products through the service via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers As a result of this partnership only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4 2019 69 70 Private label products Main article List of Amazon brands Amazon sells many products under its own brand names including phone chargers batteries an diaper wipes The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009 and now features hundreds of product lines including smartphone cases computer mice batteries dumbbells and dog crates Amazon owned 34 private label brands as of 2019 These brands account for 0 15 of Amazon s global sales whereas the average for other large retailers is 18 71 Other Amazon retail brands include Presto Mama Bear and Amazon Essentials 72 Third party sellers Amazon derives many of its sales around 40 in 2008 from third party sellers who sell products on Amazon 73 Some other large e commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites The sales are processed through Amazon com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price 74 Affiliate program Publishers can signup as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale Worldwide Amazon has over 900 000 members in its affiliate programs 75 In the middle of 2014 the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1 2 of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads 76 It is frequently used by websites and non profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission 77 Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services AWS XML service A new affiliate product aStore allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website or linked to another website In June 2010 Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third party sellers to sell on Amazon Products suggested are based on customers browsing history 78 Product reviews See also Criticism of Amazon Amazon reviews Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer based on confirmation of a credit card account or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity As of December 16 2020 Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies abuse If a review is given enough helpful hits it appears on the front page of the product In 2010 Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews 79 When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon com was taking a different approach we want to make every book available the good the bad and the ugly to let truth loose 80 There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients 81 and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals works Amazon sales rank The Amazon sales rank ASR indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly Effectively it is a best sellers list for the millions of products stocked by Amazon 82 While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists 82 Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales In particular products that experience large jumps up or down in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon s lists of movers and shakers such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales 83 For competitive reasons Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public However Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors 84 While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers manufacturers and marketers Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR 85 though Amazon states Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources Amazon com Help 86 Physical stores In November 2015 Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle The store is 5 500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website 87 Amazon will open its tenth physical book store in 2017 88 media speculation suggests Amazon plans to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country 87 In June 2018 it was reported that Amazon planned to open brick and mortar bookstores in Germany 89 In August 2019 Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco CA as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city 90 In 2020 Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the U S and the United Kingdom 91 In September 2020 Amazon launched Luxury Stores on its mobile app where Oscar de la Renta become the first and only label to partner with the firm 92 Hardware and services Amazon has a number of products and services available including its digital assistant Alexa Amazon Music and Prime Video for music and videos respectively the Amazon Appstore for Android apps and its Kindle hardware line of e readers and tablets Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening In September 2021 Amazon announced the launch of Astro its first household robot powered by its Alexa smart home technology This can be remote controlled when not at home to check on pets people or home security It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual 93 Subsidiaries See also List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon Amazon owns over 40 subsidiaries including Amazon Web Services Audible Diapers com Goodreads IMDb Kiva Systems now Amazon Robotics Shopbop Teachstreet Twitch Zappos and Zoox 94 Amazon Web Services Main article Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services AWS is a subsidiary of that provides on demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals companies and governments on a metered pay as you go basis These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms As of 2021 Q4 AWS has 33 market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21 and 10 respectively according to Synergy Group 95 96 Audible Main article Audible service Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment information and educational programming on the Internet Audible sells digital audiobooks radio and television programs and audio versions of magazines and newspapers Through its production arm Audible Studios Audible has also become the world s largest producer of downloadable audiobooks On January 31 2008 Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about 300 million The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon 97 Goodreads Main article Goodreads Goodreads is a social cataloging website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler a software engineer and entrepreneur and Elizabeth Khuri The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads extensive user populated database of books annotations and reviews Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions In December 2007 the site had over 650 000 members and over a million books had been added Amazon bought the company in March 2013 98 Ring Main article Ring company Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013 It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells but manufactures other devices such as security cameras Amazon bought Ring for US 1 billion in 2018 99 Twitch Main article Twitch service Twitch at the Electronic Entertainment Expo Twitch is a live streaming platform for video primarily oriented towards video gaming content Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for 970 million 100 The site s rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as the ESPN of esports 101 As of 2015 update the service had over 1 5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers 102 Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor Michigan Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives colors flavors sweeteners and hydrogenated fats 103 Amazon acquired Whole Foods for 13 7 billion in August 2017 104 105 9 Other Other Amazon subsidiaries include A9 com a company focused on researching and building innovative technology has been a subsidiary since 2003 106 Amazon Maritime Inc holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non vessel owning common carrier NVOCC which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States 107 Amazon Pharmacy is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs launched in November 2020 The service provides discounts up to 80 for generic drugs and up to 40 for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users The products can be purchased on the company s website or at over 50 000 bricks and mortar pharmacies in the United States 108 Annapurna Labs an Israel based microelectronics company reputedly for US 350 370M acquired by Amazon Web Services in January 2015 109 110 111 Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services which applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx 112 113 Brilliance Audio an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven Michigan 114 The company produced its first 8 audio titles in 1985 114 The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount 115 116 At the time of the acquisition Brilliance was producing 12 15 new titles a month 116 It operates as an independent company within Amazon In 1984 Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette 117 The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track 117 It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid 1980s since it made unabridged books affordable 117 ComiXology a cloud based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013 update It offers a selection of more than 40 000 comic books and graphic novels across Android iOS Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser Amazon bought the company in April 2014 118 CreateSpace which offers self publishing services for independent content creators publishers film studios and music labels became a subsidiary in 2009 119 120 Eero an electronics company specializing in mesh networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver Amos Schallich and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home 121 Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US 97 million 122 Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company s acquisition 123 Health Navigator is a startup developing APIs for online health services acquired in October 2019 The startup will form part of Amazon Care which is the company s employee healthcare service This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under 1 billion which has also been included into Amazon Care 124 Junglee a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications As it progressed Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase Web shoppers could locate compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window 125 Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998 and the website Junglee com was launched in India in February 2012 126 as a comparison shopping website It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing electronics toys jewelry and video games among others across thousands of online and offline sellers Millions of products are browsable the client selects a price and then they are directed to a seller In November 2017 Amazon closed down Junglee com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India 127 Kuiper Systems is a subsidiary of Amazon set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3 236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity 128 129 130 Lab126 developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle became a subsidiary in 2004 131 Shelfari a former social cataloging website for books Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate review tag and discuss their books Users could also create groups that other members could join create discussions and talk about books or other topics Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read Amazon bought the company in August 2008 98 Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016 when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari 132 133 Souq the former largest e commerce platform in the Arab world The company launched in 2005 in Dubai United Arab Emirates and served multiple areas across the Middle East 134 On March 28 2017 Amazon acquired Souq com for 580 million 135 The company was re branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon s online platform in the Middle East 136 Amazon also has investments in renewable energy and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta 137 OperationsSee also List of Amazon locations Logistics Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages Amazon branded services include Amazon Air a cargo airline for bulk transport with last mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex Amazon Logistics or the U S Postal Service Amazon Flex a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries and standard Amazon com orders in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon 138 Amazon Logistics in which Amazon contracts with small businesses which it calls Delivery Service Partners to perform deliveries to customers Each business has a fleet of approximately 20 40 Amazon branded vans and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms As of December 2020 it operates in the United States Canada Italy Germany Spain and the United Kingdom 139 Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses bulk distribution centers staffed Amazon Hub Locker locations and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages As of December 2020 it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees 140 Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States the proportion of last mile deliveries was 56 by Amazon s directly contracted services mostly in urban areas 30 by the U S Postal Service mostly in rural areas and 14 by UPS 141 In April 2021 Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in house delivery capacity by 50 in the last 12 months which included the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic in the United States 142 Supply chain Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle Delaware Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross dock centers fulfillment centers sortation centers delivery stations Prime now hubs and Prime air hubs There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125 000 employees 143 144 Employees are responsible for five basic tasks unpacking and inspecting incoming goods placing goods in storage and recording their location picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment sorting and packing orders and shipping A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role employees carry hand held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics In September 2006 Amazon launched a program called FBA Fulfillment By Amazon whereby it could handle storage packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers 145 Amazon fr fulfillment center in Lauwin Planque France Amazon es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares Spain Amazon co uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes Scotland UK Amazon de fulfillment center in Graben Germany Amazon co jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa Japan Amazon fulfillment center in Macon Georgia U S Corporate affairs The company s largest campus outside the United States was inaugurated in Hyderabad India in September 2019 Board of directors Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016 As of June 2022 update Amazon s board of directors were 146 Jeff Bezos executive chairman Amazon com Inc Andy Jassy president and CEO Amazon com Inc Keith B Alexander CEO of IronNet Cybersecurity former NSA director Edith W Cooper co founder of Medley and former EVP of Goldman Sachs Jamie Gorelick partner Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr Daniel P Huttenlocher dean of the Schwarzman College of Computing Massachusetts Institute of Technology Judy McGrath former CEO MTV Networks Indra Nooyi former CEO PepsiCo Jon Rubinstein former chairman and CEO Palm Inc Patty Stonesifer president and CEO Martha s Table Wendell P Weeks chairman president and CEO Corning Inc Finances Amazon com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products 147 As of 2018 update Amazon com is ranked eighth on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue 148 For the fiscal year 2021 Amazon reported earnings of US 33 36 billion with an annual revenue of US 469 82 billion an increase of 21 7 over the previous fiscal cycle Since 2007 sales increased from 14 835 billion to 469 822 billion due to continued business expansion 149 Amazon s market capitalization went over US 1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results 150 Year Revenue 151 in mil US Net incomein mil US Total Assetsin mil US Employees1995 152 0 5 0 3 1 11996 152 16 6 81997 152 148 28 149 6141998 153 610 124 648 2 1001999 153 1 639 720 2 466 7 6002000 153 2 761 1 411 2 135 9 0002001 153 3 122 567 1 638 7 8002002 153 3 932 149 1 990 7 5002003 154 5 263 35 2 162 7 8002004 154 6 921 588 3 248 9 0002005 154 8 490 359 3 696 12 0002006 154 10 711 190 4 363 13 9002007 154 14 835 476 6 485 17 0002008 155 19 166 645 8 314 20 7002009 156 24 509 902 13 813 24 3002010 157 34 204 1 152 18 797 33 7002011 158 48 077 631 25 278 56 2002012 159 61 093 39 32 555 88 4002013 160 74 452 274 40 159 117 3002014 161 88 988 241 54 505 154 1002015 162 107 006 596 64 747 230 8002016 163 135 987 2 371 83 402 341 4002017 164 177 866 3 033 131 310 566 0002018 165 232 887 10 073 162 648 647 5002019 166 280 522 11 588 225 248 798 0002020 167 386 064 21 331 321 195 1 298 0002021 1 469 822 33 364 420 549 1 608 000Corporate culture During his tenure Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters which have gained similar notability to those of Warren Buffett 168 These annual letters gave an invaluable window into the famously secretive company and revealed Bezos s perspectives and strategic focus 168 169 A common theme of these letters is Bezos s desire to instill customer centricity in his words customer obsession at all levels of Amazon notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address 170 One of Bezos s most well known internal memos was his mandate for all teams to expose their data and functionality through service interfaces designed from the ground up to be externalizable This process commonly known as a service oriented architecture SOA resulted in mandatory dogfooding of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS 171 Lobbying Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales transportation safety privacy and data protection and intellectual property According to regulatory filings Amazon com focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve Amazon com spent roughly 3 5 million 5 million and 9 5 million on lobbying in 2013 2014 and 2015 respectively 172 In 2019 it spent 16 8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists 173 Amazon com was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ALEC until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders meeting on May 24 2012 174 In 2014 Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer amp Feld lobbying firm in June 175 Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington D C to explain its plans to deliver packages 176 In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA 177 CriticismMain article Criticism of Amazon A sticker expressing an anti Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions including supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools 178 forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA 179 leading customers away from bookshops 180 adversely impacting the environment 181 placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers 182 actively opposing unionization efforts 183 remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users taking public subsidies seeking to patent its 1 Click technology engaging in anti competitive actions and price discrimination 23 24 and reclassifying LGBT books as adult content 184 185 Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website works containing libel and material facilitating dogfight cockfight or pedophile activities In December 2011 Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one day deal to promote its new Price Check app Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick and mortar store were offered a 5 discount to purchase the same item from Amazon 186 Companies like Groupon eBay and Taap it countered Amazon s promotion by offering 10 off from their products 187 188 The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project after Bezos suggested according to Brad Stone that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle 52 In July 2014 the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in app purchases to children which were being transacted without parental consent 189 In 2019 Amazon banned selling skin lightening and racist products that might affect the consumer s health 190 In 2022 a lawsuit filed by state attorney general Letitia James was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals 191 See also Internet portal Companies portalAmazon Breakthrough Novel Award Amazon Pay Amazon Standard Identification Number ASIN Camelcamelcamel a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Amazon com History of Amazon Internal carbon pricing List of book distributors Statistically improbable phrases Amazon com s phrase extraction technique for indexing booksReferences a b c Amazon com Inc 2021 Form 10 K Annual Report U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 4 2022 California Secretary of State Business Search Secretary of State of California Amazon com Inc 2022 Proxy Statement U S Securities and Exchange Commission April 14 2022 Reuter Dominick July 30 2021 1 out of every 153 American workers is an Amazon employee Business Insider Retrieved February 4 2022 Amazon Empire The Rise and Reign of Jeff Bezos PBS Kantar Accelerated Growth Sees Amazon Crowned 2019 s BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brand www prnewswire com Retrieved May 25 2020 Guevara Natalie November 17 2020 Amazon s John Schoettler has helped change how we think of corporate campuses bizjournals com Archived from the original on April 17 2021 Retrieved March 9 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Kakutani Michiko October 28 2013 Selling as Hard as He Can The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Retrieved December 20 2021 a b Amazon and Whole Foods Market Announce Acquisition to Close This Monday Will Work Together to Make High Quality Natural and Organic Food Affordable for Everyone Press release Business Wire August 24 2017 Furth John F May 18 2018 Why Amazon and Jeff Bezos Are So Successful at Disruption Entrepreneur Retrieved May 16 2019 Bylund Per August 29 2017 Amazon s Lesson About Disruption Rattle Any Market You Can Entrepreneur Retrieved May 16 2019 How to compete with Amazon Fortune Retrieved September 27 2022 Reinvesting for Growth Why Amazon com Inc NASDAQ AMZN is Undervalued Even in this Market finance yahoo com Retrieved September 27 2022 Microsoft Cloud Revenues Leap Amazon is Still Way Out in Front srgresearch com Reno Nevada Synergy Research Group Jopson Barney July 12 2011 Amazon urges California referendum on online tax Financial Times Archived from the original on July 14 2011 Retrieved August 4 2011 Amazon Prime now has 200 million members jumping 50 million in one year news yahoo com Retrieved December 20 2021 Spangler Todd April 15 2021 Amazon Prime Tops 200 Million Members Jeff Bezos Says Variety Retrieved February 14 2022 Cheng Evelyn September 23 2016 Amazon climbs into list of top five largest US stocks by market cap CNBC Retrieved February 20 2019 Harwell Drew April 30 2019 Amazon s facial recognition AI is supercharging police in Oregon The Washington Post Retrieved June 30 2019 Kantor Jodi Streitfeld David Inside Amazon Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising Workplace The New York Times Retrieved February 15 2020 Stampler Laura February 14 2019 Amazon Will Pay a Whopping 0 in Federal Taxes on 11 2 Billion Profits Fortune Retrieved February 20 2019 Huddleston Tom Jr February 15 2019 Amazon will pay 0 in federal taxes this year and it s partially thanks to Trump CNBC Retrieved February 14 2022 a b Khan Lina January 2017 Amazon s Antitrust Paradox Yale Law Journal 126 3 564 907 a b Baum Andrew October 23 2015 Amazon Wins Ruling on Results for Searches on Brands It Doesn t Sell The National Law Review Foley amp Lardner Retrieved December 21 2015 The David Rubenstein Show Jeff Bezos on YouTube Bloomberg Markets and Finance September 19 2018 Anders George Tessler Joelle June 8 1999 Amazon com Steps Into World Of Online Downloadable Music The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved September 27 2022 Anders George July 13 1999 Amazon com Unveils Plans to Open Two More Stores on Its Web Site The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon com Launches Web Services Developers Can Now Incorporate Amazon com Content and Features into Their Own Web Sites Extends Welcome Mat for Developers Amazon com Press Center July 16 2002 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon com Web Services Announces Trio of Milestones New Tool Kit Enhanced Web Site and 25 000 Developers in the Program Amazon com Press Center March 19 2003 Retrieved September 27 2022 New Amazon Web Services Offerings Give Developers Unprecedented Access to Amazon Product Data and Technology and First Ever Access to Data Compiled by Alexa Internet Amazon com Press Center October 4 2004 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon Web Services Launches Amazon com Press Center March 14 2006 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon Web Services Launches Amazon EC2 for Windows Amazon com Press Center October 23 2008 Retrieved September 27 2022 Additionally AWS today announced that Amazon EC2 is now Generally Available having successfully exited its beta period and now offers a Service Level Agreement SLA Amazon Launches New Services to Help Small and Medium Sized Businesses Enhance Their Customer Offerings by Accessing Amazon s Order Fulfillment Customer Service and Website Functionality Amazon com Press Center September 19 2006 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon com History amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved January 3 2019 Del Rey Jason May 13 2020 Amazon extends bonus pay for front line workers but says it ends in June Vox Retrieved June 3 2020 Amazon ends COVID paid leave for U S workers Reuters May 1 2022 Retrieved May 1 2022 Otto Ben September 14 2020 Amazon to Hire 100 000 in U S and Canada Wall Street Journal Retrieved December 15 2020 Amazon hiring spree as orders surge under lockdown BBC News April 14 2020 Retrieved April 14 2020 Amazon workers protest over normal shifts despite Covid 19 cases Financial Times March 19 2020 Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Retrieved March 19 2020 Amazon workers strike over virus protection BBC News March 31 2020 Retrieved March 31 2020 Dzieza Josh March 30 2020 Amazon warehouse workers walk out in rising tide of COVID 19 protests The Verge Retrieved March 31 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Amazon founder Jeff Bezos will step down as CEO Fox8 Associated Press February 2 2021 Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved February 2 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Haselton Todd February 2 2021 Jeff Bezos to step down as Amazon CEO Andy Jassy to take over in Q3 CNBC Retrieved February 2 2021 Amazon to shed over 18 000 jobs as it cuts costs CEO says BBC News Retrieved January 5 2022 Lextrait Vincent January 2010 The Programming Languages Beacon v10 0 Archived from the original on May 30 2012 Retrieved March 14 2010 All Departments Amazon com Retrieved September 28 2022 Rai 2021 Amazon Tries to Crack India s Produce Market by Wooing Farmers Bloomberg News Retrieved September 20 2022 Amazon com Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Jan 30 2013 PDF SEC database Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved February 26 2013 SnapShot of amazon com amazonellers com walmart com Archived May 16 2010 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved April 12 2008 Web visitor traffic to Amazon com 2022 Statista Retrieved September 28 2022 Top Websites Ranking SimilarWeb Retrieved September 28 2022 a b Packer George February 17 2014 Cheap Words newyorker com Retrieved March 22 2014 Dutch Webwinkelgigant Amazon komt nu echt naar Nederland EenVandaag January 13 2020 Retrieved November 29 2021 Translated The end of Februari is according to retail watchers the moment for web gigant Amazon to really enter the Dutch market Dutch Amazon nl officieel van start Ecommerce News Netherlands March 10 2020 Retrieved November 29 2021 Translated Amazon has officially launched their Dutch Netherlands store front Amazon nl Instead of only books e books and e readers the e commerce gigant now sells numerous products Dutch Anderhalf jaar Amazon nl was de angst terecht 1 5 years Amazon nl was the fear justified Tweakers net November 27 2021 Retrieved November 29 2021 Translated Amazon nl got lucky with their full fledged release in march 2020 because people started shopping online more and more that year Amazon has enjoyed a flying start Toys R Us bankruptcy A dot com era deal with Amazon marked the beginning of the end Quartz September 18 2017 Retrieved November 11 2018 Toys R Us wins Amazon lawsuit BBC News March 3 2006 Retrieved December 1 2012 Metz Rachel June 12 2009 Amazon to pay Toys R Us 51M to settle suit USA Today Associated Press Retrieved December 1 2012 Amazon Borders form online partnership CNN Money April 11 2001 Retrieved November 11 2018 How Amazon factor killed retailers like Borders Circuit City SFGate July 13 2015 Retrieved November 11 2018 Streitfeld David October 18 2011 Bookstores Drop Comics After Amazon Deal With DC The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 18 2011 Retrieved February 20 2019 Barr Alistair November 11 2013 Amazon starts Sunday delivery with US Postal Service USA Today Retrieved November 25 2013 Nike confirms pilot partnership with Amazon Engadget Retrieved July 3 2017 a b Cosgrove Elly Thomas Lauren November 13 2019 Nike won t sell directly to Amazon anymore CNBC Zimmerman Ben Council Post Why Nike Cut Ties With Amazon And What It Means For Other Retailers Forbes Muldowney Decca August 23 2021 As demand for bikes surged Amazon got in the way The Verge Bhumika Khatri September 27 2018 Amazon s JV Appario Retail Clocks In 104 4 Mn For FY18 Inc42 Media Booths teams up with Amazon to sell down South for the first time Telegraph October 11 2017 Archived from the original on January 10 2022 Retrieved October 11 2017 Amazon strikes deal with Apple to sell new iPhones and iPads The Verge Retrieved November 11 2018 Apple pumps up its Amazon listings with iPhones iPads and more CNET November 10 2018 Retrieved November 11 2018 Dulaney Chelsey November 30 1999 Amazon s Private Label Brands Could Deliver a 1 Billion Profit Boost The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved September 25 2022 Bensinger Greg May 15 2016 Amazon to Expand Private Label Offerings From Food to Diapers The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved September 25 2022 AMAZON ENTERS THE CLOUD COMPUTING BUSINESS PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved May 29 2013 Help Amazon Retrieved December 16 2011 Amazon co uk Associates The web s most popular and successful Affiliate Program Affiliate program amazon co uk July 9 2010 Archived from the original on August 26 2008 Retrieved August 29 2010 Usage of advertising networks for websites W3Techs com July 22 2014 Retrieved July 22 2014 14 Easy Fundraising Ideas for Non Profits blisstree com Archived from the original on December 22 2015 Retrieved November 24 2014 Amazon Seller Product Suggestions Amazonservices com Archived from the original on December 5 2010 Retrieved August 29 2010 2010 Social Shopping Study Reveals Changes in Consumers Online Shopping Habits and Usage of Customer Reviews the e tailing group PowerReviews Press release Business Wire May 3 2010 Retrieved January 31 2013 Spector Robert 2002 Amazon com p 132 BEACON SPOTLIGHT Amazon com rave book reviews too good to be true The Cincinnati Beacon May 25 2010 Archived from the original on May 2 2014 Retrieved January 31 2013 a b Amazon FAQ Amazon Retrieved September 5 2011 Amazon com Movers and shakers Amazon Retrieved September 5 2011 Amazon com Author Central Retrieved September 5 2011 Amazon Sales Estimator Jungle Scout May 15 2017 Frequently Asked Questions about Amazon com Amazon Retrieved September 6 2012 a b Bensinger Greg February 2 2016 Amazon Plans Hundreds of Brick and Mortar Bookstores Mall CEO Says The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved February 20 2019 Rey Jason Del March 8 2017 Amazon just confirmed its tenth book store signaling this is way more than an experiment Recode Einzelhandel Amazon plant Offline Filialen in Deutschland Faz net Retrieved June 4 2018 Leskin Paige Amazon is looking to open a brick and mortar liquor store in San Francisco Business Insider Retrieved August 29 2019 Soper Taylor August 27 2020 Amazon opens first Fresh grocery store debuts high tech shopping cart in retail expansion GeekWire Retrieved September 28 2022 Amazon Launches Luxury Stores on Its Mobile App With Oscar de la Renta as First Brand Partner Vogue Retrieved September 15 2020 Molloy David September 28 2021 Amazon announces Astro the home robot BBC News Retrieved September 29 2021 Amazon Jobs Work for a Subsidiary Archived from the original on August 1 2014 Retrieved October 27 2014 Panettieri Joe August 3 2020 Cloud Market Share 2020 Amazon AWS Microsoft Azure Google IBM ChannelE2E Retrieved October 12 2020 Infographic Amazon Leads 100 Billion Cloud Market Statista Infographics Retrieved October 12 2020 Sayer Peter January 31 2008 Amazon buys Audible for US 300 million PC World a b Kaufman Leslie March 28 2013 Amazon to Buy Social Site Dedicated to Sharing Books The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 29 2013 Retrieved February 20 2019 Montag Ali February 27 2018 Amazon buys Ring a former Shark Tank reject CNBC Retrieved February 20 2019 Welch Chris August 25 2014 Amazon not Google is buying Twitch for 970 million The Verge Retrieved August 8 2017 Popper Ben September 30 2013 Field of streams how Twitch made video games a spectator sport The Verge Retrieved August 8 2017 Needleman Sarah E January 29 2015 Twitch s Viewers Reach 100 Million a Month WSJ Retrieved February 20 2019 Quality Standards Whole Foods Market Kelleher Kevin August 28 2017 Amazon closes Whole Foods acquisition Here s what s next VentureBeat Thomas Lauren August 24 2017 Amazon says Whole Foods deal will close Monday with discounts to begin then CNBC McCracken Harry September 29 2006 Amazon s A9 Search as We Knew It Dead PC World Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved September 6 2012 Steele B Amazon is now managing its own ocean freight engadget com January 27 2017 accessed January 29 2017 Harry Dempsey November 17 2020 Amazon launches online pharmacy in challenge to traditional retailers Financial Times Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Retrieved November 17 2020 Amazon to buy Israeli start up Annapurna Labs Reuters January 22 2015 Archived from the original on September 15 2015 Retrieved January 24 2015 Amazon buys secretive chip maker Annapurna Labs for 350 million ExtremeTech Retrieved January 24 2015 Hirschauge Orr January 22 2015 Amazon to Acquire Israeli Chip Maker Annapurna Labs The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved October 20 2020 Is Logistics About To Get Amazon ed TechCrunch AOL January 29 2016 David Z Morris January 14 2016 Amazon China Has Its Ocean Shipping License Fortune Fortune a b Company Overview Brilliance Audio Retrieved February 14 2014 amazon com Acquires Brilliance Audio Taume News May 27 2007 Archived from the original on July 4 2007 Retrieved May 28 2007 a b Staci D Kramer May 23 2007 Amazon Acquires Audiobook Indie Brilliance Audio Gigaom Retrieved February 14 2014 a b c Virgil L P Blake 1990 Something New Has Been Added Aural Literacy and Libraries Information Literacies for the Twenty First Century G K Hall amp Co pp 203 218 Stone Brad April 11 2014 Amazon Buys ComiXology Takes Over Digital Leadership Bloomberg BusinessWeek Independent Publishing with CreateSpace CreateSpace An Amazon Company Archived from the original on November 26 2013 Retrieved January 22 2017 About CreateSpace History CreateSpace An Amazon Company Archived from the original on July 6 2017 Retrieved January 22 2017 Novet Jordan February 11 2019 Amazon is acquiring home Wi Fi start up Eero CNBC Tech Kraus Rachel April 5 2019 How Amazon s 97 million Eero acquisition screwed employees and minted millionaires Mashable Whittaker Zack February 12 2019 What Amazon s purchase of Eero means for your privacy TechCrunch Shu Catherine October 24 2019 Amazon acquires Health Navigator for Amazon Care its pilot employee healthcare program Tech Crunch Retrieved October 31 2019 Junglee boys strike gold on the net Archived from the original on December 17 2013 Amazon Launches Online Shopping Service In India reuters com February 2 2012 Amazon brings the curtains down on Junglee com finally vccircle com Retrieved February 1 2018 Sheetz Michael April 4 2019 Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space CNBC Retrieved April 4 2019 Henry Caleb April 4 2019 Amazon planning 3 236 satellite constellation for internet connectivity SpaceNews Retrieved April 5 2019 Brodkin Jon July 8 2019 Amazon plans nationwide broadband with both home and mobile service ars Technica Retrieved July 9 2019 Kuiper is wholly owned by Amazon and its president is Rajeev Badyal a former SpaceX vice president who was reportedly fired because SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was unsatisfied with his company s satellite broadband progress Avalos George September 19 2012 Amazon research unit Lab 126 agrees to big lease that could bring Sunnyvale 2 600 new workers The Mercury News Retrieved February 20 2019 Amazon Kills Shelfari The Reader s Room January 13 2016 Retrieved February 20 2019 Holiday J D January 13 2016 Shelfari Is Closing BUT You Can Merge Your Account with Goodreads The Book Marketing Network Archived from the original on February 6 2016 Retrieved January 20 2016 Amazon reaches deal to acquire Middle East e commerce site Souq com CNBC March 28 2017 Document www sec gov Amazon launches new Middle East marketplace and rebrands Souq the company it bought for 580 million in 2017 CNBC April 30 2019 Amazon unveils plan for a major solar power project in southern Alberta Frequently asked questions about Amazon Flex Retrieved December 31 2020 Amazon Logistics Frequently Asked Questions Retrieved December 31 2020 Find jobs by job category Retrieved December 31 2020 Prime Day early holiday sales create new potential for USPS ballot delivery tie ups Annie Palmer April 30 2021 Amazon is spending big to take on UPS and FedEx Routley Nick September 8 2018 Amazon s Massive Distribution Network in One Giant Visualization Retrieved July 7 2019 9 facts about Amazon s unprecedented warehouse empire November 21 2017 Retrieved July 7 2019 Barnes Jo August 24 2020 Fulfillment By Amazon Your Lifestyle Business Retrieved February 14 2022 Officers amp Directors Amazon Retrieved July 2 2022 SWOT Analysis Amazon Archived from the original on December 3 2011 Retrieved December 17 2011 Fortune 500 Companies 2018 Who Made the List Fortune Archived from the original on November 10 2018 Retrieved November 9 2018 Amazon annual revenue 2017 Statista Retrieved November 7 2018 Streitfeld David January 30 2020 Amazon Powers Ahead With Robust Profit The New York Times Archived from the original on January 30 2020 Retrieved February 2 2020 Amazon com Inc Common Stock AMZN Nasdaq a b c 1997 Annual Report PDF Amazon 1997 10K Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 a b c d e 2002 Amazon 10K PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 a b c d e 2007 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2008 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2009 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2010 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on November 11 2018 2011 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on November 11 2018 2012 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 2013 Annual Report Ir aboutamazon com Archived from the original on January 13 2019 Neate Rupert January 29 2015 Amazon reports 89bn in sales last year as shares jump 11 after hours The Guardian Retrieved November 7 2018 Roettgers Janko January 28 2016 Amazon Clocks 107 Billion In Revenue In 2015 Variety com Retrieved November 7 2018 Amazon sales hit 136B in 2016 dollar hurts overseas business The Seattle Times February 2 2017 Retrieved November 7 2018 Amazon 2017 sales jump by nearly a third BBC News February 1 2018 Retrieved November 7 2018 2018 Annual Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 27 2020 Retrieved January 12 2021 2019 Annual Report PDF Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Amazon com Announces Fourth Quarter Results ir aboutamazon com Retrieved February 10 2021 a b Gregg Tricia Groysberg Boris May 17 2019 Amazon s Priorities Over the Years Based on Jeff Bezos s Letters to Shareholders Harvard Business Review ISSN 0017 8012 Retrieved September 27 2022 Manjoo Farhad August 10 2016 Think Amazon s Drone Delivery Idea Is a Gimmick Think Again The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 27 2022 Ritson Mark February 3 2021 Jeff Bezos s success at Amazon is down to one thing focusing on the customer Marketing Week Retrieved September 27 2022 The Secret to Amazons Success Internal APIs API Evangelist January 12 2012 Retrieved September 27 2022 Amazon s Lobbying Expenditures Opensecrets org Retrieved August 9 2021 Client Profile Amazon com Centre for Responsive Politics Retrieved February 4 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Parkhurst Emily May 24 2012 Amazon shareholders met by protesters company cuts ties with ALEC Bizjournals com Romm Tony In Amazon s shopping cart D C influence Politico com Politico Retrieved August 7 2014 Kang Cecilia December 27 2015 F A A Drone Laws Start to Clash With Stricter Local Rules The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 28 2015 Retrieved February 20 2019 Matt McFarland Amazon gets closer to drone delivery with FAA approval CNN Retrieved September 4 2020 Amazon is selling facial recognition to law enforcement for a fistful of dollars May 22 2018 Jeong May August 13 2018 Everybody immediately knew that it was for Amazon Has Bezos become more powerful in DC than Trump Vanity Fair Retrieved September 14 2018 Leiber Nick December 7 2011 Amazon Lure s Shoppers Away from Stores Bloomberg BusinessWeek Retrieved December 7 2011 Jean Philippe Cavaillez March 5 2019 Plateforme logistique Amazon bras de fer dans l Est lyonnais Le Progres in French p 10 Greene Jay Alcantara Chris June 1 2021 Amazon warehouse workers suffer serious injuries at higher rates than other firms The Washington Post Retrieved April 11 2022 Matsakis Louise October 2 2018 Why Amazon Really Raised Its Minimum Wage to 15 Wired Slatterly Brennon April 13 2009 Amazon Glitch Yanks Sales Rank of Hundreds of LGBT Books PC World Retrieved July 28 2012 Armstrong Paul April 14 2009 Amazon Glitch caused gay censorship error CNN Retrieved May 17 2020 Raice Shayndi December 20 2011 Groupon Launches Anti Amazon Promotion of Sorts WSJ Retrieved February 20 2019 Focus on Mobile Commerce While some still cry others fight back Internet Retailer Retrieved February 1 2012 What can retailers learn from Amazon Groupon and eBay Mobile Commerce Daily Multichannel retail support Mobile Commerce Daily December 20 2011 Archived from the original on February 7 2012 Retrieved February 1 2012 Complaint Federal Trade Commission v Amazon com Inc PDF PacerMonitor PacerMonitor Archived PDF from the original on October 9 2022 Retrieved June 16 2016 Amazon pulls racist skin lightening products www cbsnews com Retrieved November 24 2019 Amazon com wins dismissal of NY attorney general lawsuit over worker safety Reuters Reuters May 10 2022 Retrieved May 10 2022 Further readingBrandt Richard L 2011 One Click Jeff Bezos and the Rise of Amazon com New York Portfolio Penguin ISBN 978 1 59184 375 7 Archived from the original on February 22 2013 Retrieved December 18 2011 Daisey Mike 2002 21 Dog Years Free Press ISBN 0 7432 2580 5 Friedman Mara 2004 Amazon com for Dummies Wiley Publishing ISBN 0 7645 5840 4 Marcus James 2004 Amazonia Five Years at the Epicenter of the Dot Com Juggernaut W W Norton ISBN 1 56584 870 5 Spector Robert 2000 Amazon com Get Big Fast Inside the Revolutionary Business Model That Changed the World HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 662041 4 Stone Brad 2013 The Everything Store Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon New York Little Brown and Co ISBN 978 0 316 21926 6 OCLC 856249407 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amazon com Official website Amazon company companies grouped at OpenCorporates Business data for Amazon com Inc BloombergGoogleSEC filingsYahoo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amazon company amp oldid 1131683803, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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