Meta Platforms
Meta Platforms, Inc.,[14][15] doing business as Meta[16] and formerly named Facebook, Inc., and TheFacebook, Inc.,[17] is an American multinational technology conglomerate based in Menlo Park, California. The company owns Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, among other products and services.[18] Meta is one of the world's most valuable companies and among the ten largest publicly traded corporations in the United States.[19] It is considered one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft.
Meta's main headquarters in Menlo Park, California | |
| Meta | |
| Formerly | |
| Type | Public |
| |
| Industry | |
| Founded | January 4, 2004 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Founders | |
| Headquarters | 1 Hacker Way, , U.S. |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
| Products | Facebook Messenger Meta Quest Horizon Worlds Mapillary Workplace Portal (discontinued) Diem (acquired) |
| Revenue | US$116.61 billion (2022) |
| US$28.94 billion (2022) | |
| US$23.20 billion (2022) | |
| Total assets | US$185.73 billion (2022) |
| Total equity | US$125.71 billion (2022) |
| Owner | Mark Zuckerberg (controlling shareholder) |
Number of employees | c. 76,000 (Nov. 2022) |
| Divisions | Reality Labs |
| Subsidiaries | Novi Financial |
| Website | www |
| Footnotes / references [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] | |
Meta's products and services include Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Meta Quest. It has acquired Oculus, Mapillary, CTRL-Labs, Kustomer, and has a 9.99% stake in Jio Platforms.[20] In 2021, the company generated 97.5% of its revenue from the sale of advertising.[21]
On October 28, 2021, the parent company of Facebook changed its name from Facebook, Inc., to Meta Platforms, Inc., to "reflect its focus on building the metaverse".[22] According to Meta, the "metaverse" refers to the integrated environment that links all of the company's products and services.[23][24][25]
History
Facebook filed for an initial public offering (IPO) on January 1, 2012.[26] The preliminary prospectus stated that the company sought to raise $5 billion, had 845 million monthly active users, and a website accruing 2.7 billion likes and comments daily.[27] After the IPO, Zuckerberg would retain a 22% ownership share in Facebook and would own 57% of the voting shares.[28]
Underwriters valued the shares at $38 each, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly public company.[29] On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.[30] The IPO raised $16 billion, making it the third-largest in US history (slightly ahead of AT&T Wireless and behind only General Motors and Visa). The stock price left the company with a higher market capitalization than all but a few U.S. corporations—surpassing heavyweights such as Amazon, McDonald's, Disney, and Kraft Foods—and made Zuckerberg's stock worth $19 billion.[31][32] The New York Times stated that the offering overcame questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a "must-own stock". Jimmy Lee of JPMorgan Chase described it as "the next great blue-chip".[31] Writers at TechCrunch, on the other hand, expressed skepticism, stating, "That's a big multiple to live up to, and Facebook will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation."[33]
Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the Nasdaq exchange.[34] The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.[35] At closing bell, shares were valued at $38.23,[36] only $0.23 above the IPO price and down $3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.[37] The stock nonetheless set a new record for trading volume of an IPO.[38] On May 25, 2012, the stock ended its first full week of trading at $31.91, a 16.5% decline.[39]
On May 22, 2012, regulators from Wall Street's Financial Industry Regulatory Authority announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients rather than the general public. Massachusetts Secretary of State William Galvin subpoenaed Morgan Stanley over the same issue.[40] The allegations sparked "fury" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a class action suit claiming more than $2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.[41] Bloomberg estimated that retail investors may have lost approximately $630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.[42] Standard & Poor's added Facebook to its S&P 500 index on December 21, 2013.[43]
On May 2, 2014, Zuckerberg announced that the company would be changing its internal motto from "Move fast and break things" to "Move fast with stable infrastructure".[44][45] The earlier motto had been described as Zuckerberg's "prime directive to his developers and team" in a 2009 interview in Business Insider, in which he also said, "Unless you are breaking stuff, you are not moving fast enough."[46]
2018—2020: Focus on the metaverse
Lasso was a short-video sharing app from Facebook similar to TikTok that was launched on iOS and Android in 2018 and was aimed at teenagers. On July 2, 2020, Facebook announced that Lasso would be shutting down July 10.[47][48][49]
In 2018, the Oculus lead, Jason Rubin, sent his 50-page vision document titled "The Metaverse" to Facebook's leadership. In the document, Rubin acknowledged that Facebook's virtual reality business had not caught on as expected, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars spent on content for early adopters. He also urged the company to execute fast and invest heavily on the vision, to shut out HTC, Apple, Google and other competitors in the VR space. Regarding other players' participation in the metaverse vision, he called for the company to build the "metaverse" to prevent their competitors from "being in the VR business in a meaningful way at all".[50]
In May 2019, Facebook founded Libra Networks, reportedly to develop their own stablecoin cryptocurrency.[51] Later, it had been reported that Libra was being supported by financial companies such as Visa, Mastercard, PayPal and Uber. The consortium of companies were expected to pool in $10 million each to fund the launch of the cryptocurrency coin named Libra.[52] Depending on when it would receive approval from the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory authority to operate as a payments service, the Libra Association had planned to launch a limited format cryptocurrency in 2021.[53] Libra was renamed Diem, before being shut down and sold in January 2022 after backlash from government regulators and the public.[54][55]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online services including Facebook grew globally.[56] Zuckerberg predicted this would be a "permanent acceleration" that would continue after the pandemic.[56] Facebook hired aggressively, growing from 48,268 employees in March 2020 to more than 87,000 by September 2022.[56]
2021: Rebrand as Meta
Following a period of intense scrutiny and damaging whistleblower leaks, news started to emerge on October 21, 2021, about Facebook's plan to rebrand the company and to change its name.[57][58] In the Q3 2021 Earnings Call, on October 25, Mark Zuckerberg discussed the ongoing criticism of the company's social services and the way it operates, and pointed to the pivoting efforts to building the metaverse – without mentioning the rebranding and the name change.[59] The metaverse vision and the name change from Facebook, Inc. to Meta Platforms was introduced at Facebook Connect on October 28, 2021.[60] Based on Facebook's PR campaign, the name change reflects the company's shifting long term focus of building the metaverse, a digital extension of the physical world by social media, virtual reality and augmented reality features.[60][61]
"Meta" had been registered as a trademark in the United States in 2018 (after an initial filing in 2015) for marketing, advertising, and computer services, by a Canadian company that provided big data analysis of scientific literature.[62] This company was acquired in 2017 by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), a foundation established by Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan, and became one of their projects.[63] Following the rebranding announcement, CZI announced that it had already decided to deprioritize the earlier Meta project, that it would be transferring its rights to the name to Meta Platforms, and that the project would end in 2022.[64]
2022–present: Declining profits and mass layoffs
Soon after the rebranding, in early February 2022, Meta reported a greater-than-expected decline in profits in the fourth quarter of 2021.[65] It reported no growth in monthly users,[66] and indicated it expected revenue growth to stall.[65] The company also expected measures taken by Apple, Inc. to protect user privacy to cost it some $10 billion in advertisement revenue, an amount equal to roughly 8% of its revenue for 2021.[67] In meeting with Meta staff the day after earnings were reported, Zuckerberg blamed competition for user attention, particularly from video-based apps such as TikTok.[68]
The 27% reduction in the company's share price which occurred in reaction to the news eliminated some $230 billion of value from Meta's market capitalization.[69] Bloomberg referred to the decline as "[...] an epic rout that, in its sheer scale, is unlike anything Wall Street or Silicon Valley has ever seen".[69] Zuckerberg's net worth fell by as much as $31 billion.[70] Zuckerberg controls 13% of Meta, and the holding makes up the bulk of his wealth.[71]
According to published reports by Bloomberg News on March 30, 2022, Meta turned over data such as phone numbers, physical addresses, and IP addresses to hackers posing as law enforcement officials using forged documents. The law enforcement requests sometimes included forged signatures of real or fictional officials. When asked about the allegations, a Meta representative said, "We review every data request for legal sufficiency and use advanced systems and processes to validate law enforcement requests and detect abuse."[72]
In June 2022, Sheryl Sandberg, the chief operating officer of 14 years, announced she would step down from the role in the fall of the same year. Zuckerberg stated that Javier Olivan would replace Sandberg, though in a "more traditional" role.[73]
In July 2022, Meta saw its first year-on-year revenue decline when its total revenue slipped by 1% to $28.8bn.[74] Many analysts and journalists accredited the loss to its advertising business, which has been limited by Apple's app tracking transparency feature and the number of people who have opted not to be tracked by Meta apps. Zuckerberg also accredited the decline to increasing competition from TikTok.[75][76][77] On October 27, 2022, Meta's market value dropped to $268 billion, a loss of around $700 billion compared to 2021, and its shares fell by 24%. It lost its spot among the top 20 US companies by market cap, despite reaching the top 5 in the previous year.[78]
In November 2022, Meta laid off 11,000 employees, 13% of its workforce. Zuckerberg said the decision to aggressively increase Meta's investments had been a mistake, as he had wrongly predicted that the surge in e-commerce would last beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. He also attributed the decline to increased competition, a global economic downturn and "ads signal loss".[79] The Wall Street Journal characterized the layoffs as part of a general downturn in the tech industry, alongside layoffs by companies including Snap, Twitter and Lyft.[80] The Financial Times reported that further layoffs were likely to take place in March 2023.[81]
Mergers and acquisitions
Throughout its existence, Facebook, Inc./Meta has acquired multiple companies (often identified as talent acquisitions).[82]
One of its first major acquisitions was in April 2012, when it acquired Instagram for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock.[83]
In October 2013, Facebook, Inc. acquired Onavo, an Israeli mobile web analytics company.[84][85]
In February 2014, Facebook, Inc. announced it would buy mobile messaging company WhatsApp for US$19 billion in cash and stock.[86][87] Later that year, Facebook bought Oculus VR for $2.3 billion in cash and stock,[88] which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016.
In late November 2019, Facebook, Inc. announced the acquisition of the game developer Beat Games, responsible for developing one of that year's most popular VR games, Beat Saber.[89]
In May 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced it had acquired Giphy for a reported cash price of $400 million. It will be integrated with the Instagram team.[90] However, in August 2021, UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) stated that Facebook, Inc. might have to sell Giphy, after an investigation found that the deal between the two companies would harm competition in display advertising market.[91] Facebook, Inc. was fined $70 million by CMA for deliberately failing to report all information regarding the acquisition and the ongoing antitrust investigation.[92] In October 2022, the CMA ruled for a second time that Meta be required to divest Giphy, stating that Meta already controls half of the advertising in the UK. Meta agreed to the sale, though it stated that it disagrees with the decision itself.[93]
In November 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced that it planned to purchase the customer-service platform and chatbot specialist startup Kustomer to promote companies to use their platform for business. It has been reported that Kustomer valued at slightly over $1 billion.[94] The deal was closed in February 2022 after regulatory approval.[95]
In September 2022, Meta acquired Lofelt, a Berlin-based haptic tech startup.[96]
Lobbying
In 2020, Facebook, Inc. spent $19.7 million on lobbying, hiring 79 lobbyists. By 2019, it had spent $16.7 million on lobbying and had a team of 71 lobbyists, up from $12.6 million and 51 lobbyists in 2018.[97] Facebook was the largest spender of lobbying money among the 5 Big Tech companies in 2020.[98]
Lawsuits
Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the company, both when it was known as Facebook, Inc., and as Meta Platforms.
In March 2020, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) sued Facebook, for significant and persistent infringements of the rule on privacy involving the Cambridge Analytica fiasco. Every violation of the Privacy Act is subject to a theoretical cumulative liability of $1.7 million. The OAIC estimated that a total of 311,127 Australians had been exposed.[99]
On December 8, 2020, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and 46 states (excluding Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and South Dakota), the District of Columbia and the territory of Guam, launched Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook as an antitrust lawsuit against Facebook. The lawsuit concerns Facebook's acquisition of two competitors—Instagram and WhatsApp—and the ensuing monopolistic situation. FTC alleges that Facebook holds monopolistic power in the US social networking market and seeks to force the company to divest from Instagram and WhatsApp to break up the conglomerate.[100] William Kovacic, a former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, argued the case will be difficult to win as it would require the government to create a counterfactual argument of an internet where the Facebook-WhatsApp-Instagram entity did not exist, and prove that harmed competition or consumers.[101]
On December 24, 2021, a court in Russia fined Meta for $27 million after the company declined to remove unspecified banned content. The fine was reportedly tied to the company's annual revenue in the country.[102]
In May 2022, a lawsuit was filed in Kenya against Meta and its local outsourcing company Sama. Allegedly, Meta has poor working conditions in Kenya for workers moderating Facebook posts. The lawsuit seeks financial compensation and an order that outsourced moderators be given the same health benefits and pay scale as Meta employees.[103]
In June 2022, 8 lawsuits were filed across the US over the allege that excessive exposure to platforms including Facebook and Instagram has let to attempted or actual suicides, eating disorders and sleeplessness, among other issues. The litigation follows a former Facebook employee's testimony in Congress that the company refused to take responsibility. The company noted that tools have been developed for parents to keep track of their children's activity on Instagram and set time limits in addition to Meta's "Take a break" reminders. In addition, the company is providing resources specific to eating disorders as well as developing AI to prevent children under the age of 13 signing up for Facebook or Instagram.[104]
In June 2022, Meta settled a lawsuit with the US Department of Justice. The lawsuit, which was filed in 2019, alleged that the company enabled housing discrimination through targeted advertising, as it allowed home owners and landlords to run housing ads excluding people based on sex, race, religion, and other characteristics. The US Department of Justice stated that this was in violation of the Fair Housing Act. Meta was handed a penalty of $115,054 and given until December 31, 2022, to shadow the algorithm tool.[105][106][107]
In January 2023, Meta was fined €390 million for violations of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation.[108]
Structure
Management
Meta's key management consists of:[109][110]
- Mark Zuckerberg, chairman and chief executive officer
- Javier Olivan, chief operating officer
- Nick Clegg, president, global affairs
- Susan Li, chief financial officer
- Andrew Bosworth, chief technology officer
- David Wehner, chief strategy officer
- Chris Cox, chief product officer
- Marne Levine, chief business officer
- Jennifer Newstead, chief legal officer
As of October 2022[update], Meta had 83,553 employees worldwide.
Board of directors
As of January 2022, Meta's board consisted of the following directors;[111]
- Mark Zuckerberg (chairman, founder and chief executive officer)
- Sheryl Sandberg (executive director and chief operating officer)
- Peggy Alford (non-executive director, executive vice president, global sales, PayPal)
- Marc Andreessen (non-executive director, co-founder and general partner, Andreessen Horowitz)
- Drew Houston (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, Dropbox)
- Nancy Killefer (non-executive director, senior partner, McKinsey & Company)
- Robert M. Kimmitt (non-executive director, senior international counsel, WilmerHale)
- Peter Thiel (non-executive director, co-founder and former chief executive officer, PayPal, founder and president, Clarium Capital)
- Tracey Travis (non-executive director, executive vice president, chief financial officer, Estée Lauder Companies)
- Tony Xu (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, DoorDash)
Company governance
Early Facebook investor and former Zuckerberg mentor Roger McNamee described Facebook as having "the most centralized decision-making structure I have ever encountered in a large company."[112] Nathan Schneider, a professor of media studies at the University of Colorado Boulder argued for transforming Facebook into a platform cooperative owned and governed by the users.[113]
Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes has stated that chief executive officer Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies. In an op-ed in The New York Times, Hughes said he was concerned that Zuckerberg had surrounded himself with a team that did not challenge him, and that it is the U.S. government's job to hold him accountable and curb his "unchecked power".[114] He also said that "Mark's power is unprecedented and un-American."[115] Several U.S. politicians agreed with Hughes.[116] European Union Commissioner for Competition Margrethe Vestager stated that splitting Facebook should be done only as "a remedy of the very last resort", and that it would not solve Facebook's underlying problems.[117]
Revenue
| Year | Revenue | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | $0.4[118] | — |
| 2005 | $9[118] | 2150% |
| 2006 | $48[118] | 433% |
| 2007 | $153[118] | 219% |
| 2008 | $280[119] | 83% |
| 2009 | $775[120] | 177% |
| 2010 | $2,000[121] | 158% |
| 2011 | $3,711[122] | 86% |
| 2012 | $5,089[123] | 37% |
| 2013 | $7,872[123] | 55% |
| 2014 | $12,466[124] | 58% |
| 2015 | $17,928[125] | 44% |
| 2016 | $27,638[126] | 54% |
| 2017 | $40,653[127] | 47% |
| 2018 | $55,838[128] | 37% |
| 2019 | $70,697[128] | 27% |
| 2020 | $85,965[129] | 22% |
| 2021 | $117,929[130] | 37% |
| 2022 | $116,609[13] | -1% |
Facebook ranked No. 34 in the 2020 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue, with almost $86 billion in revenue.[131] Most comes from advertising.[132][133] One analysis of 2017 data determined that the company earned US$20.21 per user from advertising.[134]
According to New York, since its rebranding, Meta has reportedly lost $500 billion as a result of new privacy measures put in place by companies such as Apple and Google which prevents Meta from gathering users' data.[135][136]
Number of advertisers
In February 2015, Facebook announced it had reached two million active advertisers, with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser was defined as an entity that had advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days.[137] In March 2016, Facebook announced it had reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the United States.[138] Prices for advertising follow a variable pricing model based on auctioning ad placements, and potential engagement levels of the advertisement itself. Similar to other online advertising platforms like Google and Twitter, targeting of advertisements is one of the chief merits of digital advertising compared to traditional media. Marketing on Meta is employed through two methods based on the viewing habits, likes and shares, and purchasing data of the audience, namely targeted audiences and "look alike" audiences.[139]
Tax affairs
The US IRS challenged the valuation Facebook used when it transferred IP from the US to Facebook Ireland (now Meta Platforms Ireland) in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building its double Irish tax structure.[140][141] The case is ongoing and Meta faces a potential fine of $3–5bn.[142]
The US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 changed Facebook's global tax calculations. Meta Platforms Ireland is subject to the US GILTI tax of 10.5% on global intangible profits (i.e. Irish profits). On the basis that Meta Platforms Ireland Limited is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Meta Platforms Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if its Irish business relocated to the US. Tax relief in the US (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective US rate around 12%.[143][144][145]
The insignificance of the US/Irish tax difference was demonstrated when Facebook moved 1.5bn non-EU accounts to the US to limit exposure to GDPR.[146][147]
Facilities
Offices
Users outside of the US and Canada contract with Meta's Irish subsidiary, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (formerly Facebook Ireland Limited), allowing Meta to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Meta is making use of the Double Irish arrangement which allows it to pay 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.[148] In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in Hyderabad, India,[149] which houses online advertising and developer support teams and provides support to users and advertisers.[150] In India, Meta is registered as Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd.[151] It also has support centers in Chittagong; Dublin;[clarification needed] California; Ireland; and Austin, Texas.[152][not specific enough to verify]
Facebook opened its London headquarters in 2017 in Fitzrovia in central London. Facebook opened an office in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 2018. The offices were initially home to the "Connectivity Lab", a group focused on bringing Internet access to those who do not have access to the Internet.[153] In April 2019, Facebook opened its Taiwan headquarters in Taipei.[154]
In March 2022, Meta opened new regional headquarters in Dubai.[155]
Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in Menlo Park, California
Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California
Inside the Facebook headquarters in 2014
Data centers
As of 2019, Facebook operated 16 data centers.[156] It committed to purchase 100% renewable energy and to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 75% by 2020.[157] Its data center technologies include Fabric Aggregator, a distributed network system that accommodates larger regions and varied traffic patterns.[158]
Reception
US Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez responded in a tweet to Zuckerberg's announcement about Meta, saying: "Meta as in 'we are a cancer to democracy metastasizing into a global surveillance and propaganda machine for boosting authoritarian regimes and destroying civil society ... for profit!'"[159]
Ex-Facebook employee Frances Haugen and whistleblower behind the Facebook Papers responded to the rebranding efforts by expressing doubts about the company's ability to improve while led by Mark Zuckerberg, and urged the chief executive officer to resign.[160]
In November 2021, a video published by Inspired by Iceland went viral, in which a Zuckerberg look-alike promoted the Icelandverse, a place of "enhanced actual reality without silly looking headsets".[161]
In a December 2021 interview, SpaceX and Tesla chief executive officer Elon Musk said he could not see a compelling use-case for the VR-driven metaverse, adding: "I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day."[162]
In January 2022, Louise Eccles of The Sunday Times logged into the metaverse with the intention of making a video guide. She wrote:
Initially, my experience with the Oculus went well. I attended work meetings as an avatar and tried an exercise class set in the streets of Paris. The headset enabled me to feel the thrill of carving down mountains on a snowboard and the adrenaline rush of climbing a mountain without ropes. Yet switching to the social apps, where you mingle with strangers also using VR headsets, it was at times predatory and vile.
Eccles described being sexually harassed by another user, as well as "accents from all over the world, American, Indian, English, Australian, using racist, sexist, homophobic and transphobic language". She also encountered users as young as 7 years old on the platform, despite Oculus headsets being intended for users over 13.[163]
See also
References
- ^ Madrigal, Alexis C. (January 31, 2012). "Facebook's Very First SEC Filing". The Atlantic. Washington, D.C. from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
- ^ Zuckerberg, Mark (October 1, 2010). "Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Facebook, Inc". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
- ^ "Meta announces huge job cuts affecting 11,000 employees". The Verge. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
- ^ "Chris Cox is returning to Facebook as chief product officer". The Verge. June 11, 2020. from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ "Facebook is getting more serious about becoming your go-to for mobile payments". The Verge. August 11, 2020. from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ "Our History". Facebook. from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ Shaban, Hamza (January 20, 2019). "Digital advertising to surpass print and TV for the first time, report says". The Washington Post. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- ^ "FB Income Statement". NASDAQ.com. from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ "FB Balance Sheet". NASDAQ.com. from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ "Stats". Facebook. June 30, 2019. from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook – Financials". investor.fb.com. from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ^ "Facebook Reports First Quarter 2022 Results". Facebook Investor Relations. March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
- ^ a b "Meta Platforms, Inc. 2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 2, 2023.
- ^ "Delaware Corporate Entity Search". from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2021. (file no. 3835815)
- ^ Meta Platforms, Inc. (October 28, 2021). "Current Report (8-K)". Securities and Exchange Commission. from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ Haq, Sana Noor (October 30, 2021). "Hebrew speakers mock Facebook's corporate rebrand to Meta". CNN. from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook Inc. Certificate of Incorporation" (PDF). September 1, 2020. (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
File Number 3835815
- ^ "Facebook Reports Second Quarter 2021 Results". investor.fb.com. from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "Largest American companies by market capitalization". companiesmarketcap.com. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
- ^ "Facebook Invests $5.7 Billion in Indian Internet Giant Jio". The New York Times. April 22, 2020. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ "Meta Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results" (PDF). Meta Investor Relations. February 2, 2022. (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
- ^ Heath, Alex (October 19, 2021). "Facebook is planning to rebrand the company with a new name". The Verge. from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
- ^ "The Facebook Company Is Now Meta". Meta. October 28, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
- ^ Dwoskin, Elizabeth (October 28, 2021). "Facebook is changing its name to Meta as it focuses on the virtual world". The Washington Post. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook announces name change to Meta in rebranding effort". The Guardian. October 28, 2021. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Form S-1 Registration Statement Under The Securities Act of 1933". January 1, 2012. from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Erickson, Christine (January 3, 2012). "Facebook IPO: The Complete Guide". Mashable business. from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Helft, Miguel; Hempel, Jessi (March 19, 2012). . Fortune. 165 (4): 122. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ^ Tangel, Andrew; Hamilton, Walter (May 17, 2012). . The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "Facebook boosts number of shares on offer by 25%". BBC News. May 16, 2012. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ a b Rusli, Evelyn M.; Eavis, Peter (May 17, 2012). "Facebook Raises $16 Billion in I.P.O." The New York Times. from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Condon, Bernard (May 17, 2012). "Questions and answers on blockbuster Facebook IPO". U.S. News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2012.[permanent dead link] Alternate Link
- ^ Gross, Doug (March 17, 2012). "Internet greets Facebook's IPO price with glee, skepticism". CNN. from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Straburg, Jenny; Bunge, Jacob (May 18, 2012). "Trading Problems Persisted After Opening for Facebook's IPO". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Bunge, Jacob; Strasburg, Jenny; Dezember, Ryan (May 18, 2012). "Facebook Falls Back to IPO Price". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Michael J. De La Mercred (May 18, 2012). "Facebook Closes at $38.23, Nearly Flat on Day". The New York Times. from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ O'Dell, Jolie (May 18, 2012). "Facebook disappoints on its opening day, closing down $4 from where it opened". Venture Beat. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ . The Wall Street Journal. May 18, 2012. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Womack, Brian; Thomson, Amy (May 21, 2012). . The Washington Post. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ Evelyn M. Rusli and Michael J. De La Merced (May 22, 2012). "Facebook I.P.O. Raises Regulatory Concerns". The New York Times. from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Temple, James; Newton, Casey (May 23, 2012). "Litigation over Facebook IPO just starting". The San Francisco Chronicle. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ Eichler, Alexander (May 24, 2012). "Wall St. Cashes In On Facebook Stock Plunge While Ordinary Investors Lose Millions". Huffington Post. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ "Facebook to join S&P 500". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. December 11, 2013. from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
- ^ Baer, Drake. "Mark Zuckerberg Explains Why Facebook Doesn't 'Move Fast And Break Things' Anymore". Business Insider. from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook can't move fast to fix the things it broke". Engadget. from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ Blodget, Henry (October 1, 2009). "Mark Zuckerberg On Innovation". Business Insider. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook Goes After TikTok With the Debut of Lasso". Fortune. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Facebook is shutting down Lasso, its TikTok clone". TechCrunch. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
- ^ Leskin, Paige. "Facebook is dumping its failed TikTok clone Lasso to make way for its other TikTok clone on Instagram". Business Insider.
- ^ Salvador Rodriguez (October 30, 2021). "Facebook's Meta mission was laid out in a 2018 paper on The Metaverse". Cnbc.com. from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ "Bitcoin Above $8,000; Facebook Opens Crypto Company in Switzerland". Investing.com. May 20, 2019. from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ Reiff, Nathan. "Facebook Gathers Companies to Back Cryptocurrency Launch". Investopedia. from the original on June 18, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- ^ Murphy, Hannah (November 27, 2020). "Facebook's Libra currency to launch next year in limited format". Financial Times. from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook Libra: the inside story of how the company's cryptocurrency dream died". Financial Times. March 10, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ "Facebook-funded cryptocurrency Diem winds down". BBC News. February 1, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c Thorbecke, Catherine (November 10, 2022). "Silicon Valley's greatest minds misread pandemic demand. Now their employees are paying for it. | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "Facebook is planning to rebrand the company with a new name". October 19, 2021. from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook's reported name change reinforces its image as the new Big Tobacco". October 21, 2021. from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ "FB Q3 2021 Earnings Call Transcript" (PDF). Facebook, Inc. October 25, 2021. (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ a b "The Facebook Company is Now Meta". October 28, 2021. from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ "Mark Zuckerberg on why Facebook is rebranding to Meta". October 28, 2021. from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ "Trademark Status & Document Retrieval (serial no. 86852664)". United States Patent and Trademark Office. from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ Constine, Josh (January 23, 2017). "Chan Zuckerberg Initiative acquires and will free up science search engine Meta". TechCrunch. from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ Gonzalez, Oscar (October 28, 2021). "Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to sunset its Meta project". CNET. from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ a b Seetharaman, Deepa; Rodriguez, Salvador (February 2, 2022). "Facebook's Shares Plunge After Profit Decline". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ Wagner, Kurt (February 2, 2022). "Meta Plunges as Facebook Users Stall, Forecast Falls Short". from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
- ^ Bobrowsky, Meghan (February 3, 2022). "Facebook Feels $10 Billion Sting From Apple's Privacy Push". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Nix, Naomi (February 3, 2022). "Zuckerberg Tells Staff to Focus on Video Products as Meta's Stock Plunges". www.bloomberg.com. from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ a b Wagner, Kurt (February 2, 2022). "Meta Faces Historic Stock Rout After Facebook Growth Stalled". Bloomberg. from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Carpenter, Scott (February 2, 2022). "Zuckerberg's Wealth Plunges by $31 Billion After Meta Shock". Bloomberg. from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Mark Zuckerberg". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Turton, William (March 30, 2022). "Apple and Meta Gave User Data to Hackers Who Used Forged Legal Requests". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ Lawler, Richard; Heath, Alex (June 1, 2022). "Meta COO Sheryl Sandberg is stepping down after 14 years". The Verge. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- ^ "Facebook owner Meta in first ever sales fall for". BBC News. July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
- ^ Vanian, Jonathan. "Meta reports earnings, revenue miss and forecasts second straight quarter of declining sales". CNBC. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- ^ Heath, Alex (July 27, 2022). "Facebook reports drop in revenue for the first time". The Verge. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- ^ Mathews, Eva (July 28, 2022). "Meta to keep facing Apple privacy pinch, TikTok heat for now". Reuters. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- ^ Levy, Ari (October 27, 2022). "Facebook used to be a Big Tech giant — now Meta isn't even in the top 20 most valuable U.S. companies". CNBC. CNBC. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
- ^ Vanian, Jonathan (November 9, 2022). "Meta laying off more than 11,000 employees: Read Zuckerberg's letter announcing the cuts". CNBC.
- ^ "From Twitter to Meta: Tech Layoffs by the Numbers". WSJ. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "Meta delays setting team budgets as Facebook parent plans fresh round of layoffs, Financial Times reports". Reuters. February 11, 2023. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
- ^ Helft, Miguel (May 17, 2011). "For Buyers of Web Start-Ups, Quest to Corral Young Talent". The New York Times. from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ . weebly. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ Lunden, Ingrid (October 13, 2013). "Facebook Buys Mobile Data Analytics Company Onavo, Reportedly For Up To $200M… And (Finally?) Gets Its Office In Israel". TechCrunch. from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ Rosen, Guy (November 7, 2013). . Onavo Blog. Archived from the original on November 7, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ^ Covert, Adrian (January 19, 2014). "Facebook buys WhatsApp for $19 billion". CNNMoney. CNN. from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
- ^ Stone, Brad (February 20, 2014). "Facebook Buys WhatsApp for $19 Billion". Bloomberg. from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
- ^ Plunkett, Luke (March 25, 2014). "Facebook Buys Oculus Rift For $2 Billion". Kotaku.com. from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
- ^ Marshall, Cass (November 26, 2019). "Facebook acquires Beat Saber developer". Polygon. from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- ^ Brown, Abram. "Facebook Buys Giphy For $400 Million". Forbes. from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
- ^ Aripaka, Pushkala (August 12, 2021). "Facebook may have to sell Giphy on Britain's competition concerns". Reuters. from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
- ^ Lomas, Natasha (October 20, 2021). "Facebook fined $70M for flouting Giphy order made by UK watchdog". TechCrunch. from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook owner Meta to sell Giphy after UK watchdog confirms ruling". The Guardian. October 18, 2022.
- ^ Cimilluca, Cara Lombardo and Dana (November 30, 2020). "WSJ News Exclusive | Facebook to Buy customer, Startup Valued at $1 Billion". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ "Meta closes Kustomer deal after regulatory approval". Reuters. February 15, 2022. from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
- ^ Salvador Rodriguez (September 2, 2022). "Meta Acquires Berlin Startup to Boost Virtual-Reality Ambitions". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
- ^ "Client Profile: Facebook Inc". OpenSecrets. from the original on April 9, 2021.
- ^ Lauren Feiner, Facebook spent more on lobbying than any other Big Tech company in 2020 February 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Cnbc.com, January 22, 2021
- ^ "Facebook suffers blow in Australia legal fight over Cambridge Analytica". The Guardian. September 14, 2020. from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Feiner, Lauren; Rodriguez, Salvador (December 8, 2020). "FTC and states sue Facebook, could force it to divest Instagram and WhatsApp". CNBC. from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ Fung, Brian. "The legal battle to break up Facebook is underway. Now comes the hard part". CNN. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
- ^ Khurshudyan, Isabelle (December 24, 2021). "Russia fines Google $100 million, and Meta $27 million, over 'failure to remove banned content'". The Washington Post. from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
- ^ "Meta sued in Kenya over claims of exploitation and poor working conditions". CNN. Reuters. May 10, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ "Meta Hit With 8 Suits Claiming Its Algorithms Hook Youth and Ruin Their Lives". Bloomberg.com. June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ "Meta settles US lawsuit over housing discrimination". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- ^ "Meta settles lawsuit with Justice Department over ad-serving algorithms". TechCrunch. June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- ^ "Meta Agrees to Alter Ad Technology in Settlement With U.S." New York Times. June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
- ^ Chan, Kelvin (January 4, 2023). "Meta fined $414m in latest European privacy crackdown". BostonGlobe.com. The Associated Press. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
- ^ "Facebook Management". Facebook Investor Relations. Facebook. from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
- ^ "Executives | Meta". about.meta.com. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ "Meta – Leadership & Governance". investor.fb.com. from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ Bissell, Tom (January 29, 2019). "An Anti-Facebook Manifesto, by an Early Facebook Investor". The New York Times. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Schneider, Nathan; Cheadle, Harry (March 27, 2018). "It's Time for Mark Zuckerberg to Give Up Control of Facebook". Vice. from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ Brown, Shelby. "Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes calls for company's breakup". CNET. from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ Hughes, Chris (May 9, 2019). "Opinion | It's Time to Break Up Facebook". The New York Times. from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Brown, Shelby. "More politicians side with Facebook co-founder on breaking up company". CNET. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ Collins, Katie. "EU competition commissioner: Facebook breakup would be 'last resort'". CNET. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Tsotsis, Alexia (February 1, 2012). "Facebook's IPO: An End To All The Revenue Speculation". TechCrunch. from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
- ^ Arrington, Michael (May 19, 2009). "Facebook Turns Down $8 billion Valuation Term Sheet, Claims 2009 Revenues Will Be $550 million". TechCrunch. from the original on July 12, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
- ^ Tsotsis, Alexia (January 5, 2011). "Report: Facebook Revenue Was $777 Million In 2009, Net Income $200 Million". TechCrunch. from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ Womack, Brian (December 16, 2010). "Facebook 2010 Sales Said Likely to Reach $2 Billion, More Than Estimated". Bloomberg. New York. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ . Facebook. Facebook. January 30, 2013. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ^ a b . Facebook. Facebook. January 29, 2014. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ^ . Facebook. Facebook. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ . Facebook. Facebook. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
- ^ "Facebook Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Facebook. (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
- ^ "Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2017 Results". Facebook. Facebook. from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
- ^ a b "Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2018 Results". investor.fb.com. from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Results". investor.fb.com. from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
- ^ "Meta Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results". Meta Platforms. Meta Platforms. February 3, 2022. from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Facebook | 2021 Fortune 500". Fortune. from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
- ^ Jolie O'Dell 203 (January 17, 2011). "Facebook's Ad Revenue Hit $1.86B for 2010". Mashable. Mashable.com. from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ Womack, Brian (September 20, 2011). "Facebook Revenue Will Reach $4.27 Billion, EMarketer Says". bloomberg. Bloomberg. from the original on December 19, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ Malloy, Daniel (May 27, 2019). "Too Big Not To Fail?". OZY. What's your online data really worth? About $5 a month. from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- ^ Dugan, Kevin T. (February 18, 2022). "Zuckerberg Has Burned $500 Billion Turning Facebook to Meta". New York. from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Corrigan, Hope (February 22, 2022). "Facebook has lost $500 billion since rebranding to Meta". PC Gamer. from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Meola, Andrew (February 24, 2015). "Active, in this case, means the advertiser has advertised on the site in the last 28 days". TheStreet. TheStreet, Inc. from the original on February 27, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ "3 Million Advertisers on Facebook". Facebook for Business. from the original on June 18, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Complete interview with Brad Parscale and the Trump marketing strategy". PBS Frontline.
- ^ "Facebook must give judge documents for U.S. tax probe of Irish unit". Reuters. March 28, 2018. from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook's Dublin HQ central to $5bn US tax probe". Sunday Business Post. April 1, 2018. from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook Ordered to Comply With U.S. Tax Probe of Irish Unit". Bloomberg. Bloomberg News. March 28, 2018. from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "KPMG Report on TCJA" (PDF). KPMG. February 2018. (PDF) from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Breaking Down the New U.S. Corporate Tax Law". Harvard Business Review. December 26, 2017. from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "US corporations could be saying goodbye to Ireland". The Irish Times. January 17, 2018. from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Exclusive: Facebook to put 1.5 billion users out of reach of new EU privacy law". Reuters News. April 19, 2018. from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Facebook moves 1.5bn users out of reach of new European privacy law". The Guardian. London. April 19, 2018. from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
- ^ Drucker, Jesse (October 21, 2010). "Google 2.4% Rate Shows How $60 Billion Lost to Tax Loopholes". Bloomberg. Bloomberg.com. from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ PTI (September 30, 2010). "Facebook opens office in India". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ . Watblog.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ . Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. February 29, 2012. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ "Zuckerberg at Ore. Facebook data center". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. April 16, 2011. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ Nanos, Janelle (August 30, 2017). "Facebook to open new office in Kendall Square, adding hundreds of jobs". The Boston Globe. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
- ^ "Facebook opens new Taiwan headquarters in Taipei". Taiwan Today. April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
- ^ "Sheikh Hamdan opens Meta's new regional headquarters in Dubai". The National. March 8, 2022. from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
- ^ "Facebook Data Center Locations". Baxtel.com. from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "On Our Way to Lower Emissions and 100% Renewable Energy". Facebook Newsroom. August 28, 2018. from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
- ^ "Data centers: 2018 year in review". Facebook Code. January 1, 2019. from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
- ^ Strange, Adario (November 18, 2021). "How Facebook's Meta branding might accidentally kill the overall metaverse". Quartz. from the original on February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ Demony, Catarina; Laudette, Clara-Laeila (November 2, 2021). "Facebook whistleblower Haugen urges Zuckerberg to step down". Reuters. from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ Pitrelli, Monica Buchanan (November 12, 2021). "Iceland takes a swipe at Zuckerberg's 'Meta' announcement in new viral tourism video". CNBC. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ^ Vincent, James (December 22, 2021). "Elon Musk: metaverse isn't 'compelling' and Web3 'more marketing than reality'". The Verge. from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
- ^ Eccles, Louise (January 22, 2022). "My journey into the metaverse — already a home to sex predators". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0140-0460. from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
External links
- Official website
- Meta Platforms companies grouped at OpenCorporates
- Business data for Meta Platforms, Inc.:
- Bloomberg
- Reuters
- SEC filings
- Yahoo!
Coordinates: 37°29′06″N 122°08′54″W / 37.48500°N 122.14833°W