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Jonê County

January 07, 2023

Jonê County (also Cone, Chone, Choni; Tibetan: ཅོ་ནེ་རྫོང་།, Wylie: co-ne rdzong, ZYPY: Jonê Zong; local pronunciation: /tɕɔLnɛ/[4]; Chinese: 卓尼县; pinyin: Zhuōní Xiàn) is an administrative district in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. It is one of 58 counties of Gansu. It is part of the Gannan Prefecture. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is 4,954 km2 (1,913 sq mi), and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin.[1]

Jonê County
卓尼县 · ཅོ་ནེ་རྫོང་།
County
Jonê (pink) within Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (yellow) and Gansu (grey)
Jonê
Location of the seat in Gansu
Coordinates: 34°35′N 103°30′E / 34.583°N 103.500°E / 34.583; 103.500Coordinates: 34°35′N 103°30′E / 34.583°N 103.500°E / 34.583; 103.500
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGansu
Autonomous prefectureGannan
SeatLiulin
Area
 • Total5,419.68 km2 (2,092.55 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total110,700
 • Density20/km2 (53/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
747600

Description

The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.[1]

Historical Tibetan Yang Surname Zhouni Tusi

Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist The Zhouni Tusi (Chinese: 卓尼土司), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang (杨) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (杨). The Yangs ruled Zhouni from 1404 until 1949.[2][3]

List of Kings of Jonê

There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:[4][5][6]

  1. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཤིས་བསྡུས།
  2. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙན་པོ།
  3. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས།
  4. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་སྐྱེད།
  5. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨洪; Yáng Hóng
  6. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་དྲིན། named 杨臻; Yáng Zhēn
  7. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་ཚེ་མེས། named 杨葵明; Yáng Kuímíng
  8. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་གོ་ལུང་། named 杨国龙; Yáng Guólóng
  9. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨朝梁; Yáng Cháoliáng
  10. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨威; Yáng Wēi
  11. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་མང་སྲོལ་མགོན་པོ། named 杨汝松; Yáng Rǔsōng
  12. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ནོར་བུ། named 杨冲霄; Yáng Chōngxiāo
  13. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསོད་ནམས་ཆོས་འཕེལ། named 杨昭; Yáng Zhāo
  14. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་སྲུང་ཚེ་རིང་། named 杨声; Yáng Shēng
  15. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རིན་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྐྱབས། named 杨宗业; Yáng Zōngyè
  16. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆོས་སྐྱབས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨宗基; Yáng Zōngjī
  17. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨元; Yáng Yuán
  18. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨作霖; Yáng Zuòlín
  19. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨积庆; Yáng Jīqìng
  20. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་པད་མ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨复兴; Yáng Fùxīng

History

"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)."[7]

Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Szechuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan.

The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi (卓尼土司), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("杨") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanchow government.[8] In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence,[9] despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers.[2]

Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery.[1]

The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation tusi Yang Jiqing (杨积庆)[10][11]), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the National Geographic.[12][13][14]

As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.[12]

Administrative divisions

Zhuoni County (卓尼县) is divided to 11 towns 3 townships and 1 ethic townships.[15]

Towns
  • Liulin (柳林镇)
  • Mu'er (木耳镇)
  • Zhagulu (扎古录镇)
  • Ka'erqin (喀尔钦镇)
  • Zangbawa (藏巴哇镇)
  • Nalang (纳浪镇)
  • Taoyan (洮砚镇)
  • Azitan (阿子滩镇)
  • Shenzang (申藏镇)
  • Wanmao (完冒镇)
  • Niba (尼巴镇)
Townships
  • Daogao Township (刀告乡)
  • Qia'gai Township (恰盖乡)
  • Kangduo Township (康多乡)
Ethic Townships
  • Shaowa Tu Township (勺哇土族乡)

Climate

Climate data for Jonê (1981−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.7
(85.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		31.0
(87.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		33.5
(92.3)
Average high °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.1
(71.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.5
(49.1) 		5.4
(41.7) 		13.5
(56.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		1.5
(34.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.2
(50.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		11.2
(52.2) 		6.1
(43.0) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		5.5
(41.8)
Average low °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		0.3
(32.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		10.2
(50.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		6.8
(44.2) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−0.3
(31.5)
Record low °C (°F) −23.3
(−9.9) 		−20.4
(−4.7) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		0.7
(33.3) 		2.2
(36.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−16.2
(2.8) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−23.3
(−9.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.7
(0.15) 		6.1
(0.24) 		18.3
(0.72) 		39.8
(1.57) 		72.8
(2.87) 		82.1
(3.23) 		94.6
(3.72) 		86.3
(3.40) 		75.4
(2.97) 		47.5
(1.87) 		6.4
(0.25) 		1.9
(0.07) 		534.9
(21.06)
Average relative humidity (%) 53 55 59 61 64 70 73 73 75 73 62 54 64
Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center[16]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Dorje (2009), p. 812.
  2. ^ a b Tibetan Historical Polities: [1], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  3. ^ Tibetan, Jone in China: [2], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  4. ^ Buddhist Digital Resource Center: [3], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  5. ^ http://www.zhuoni.gov.cn/info/1149/4595.htm, retrieved 21 Ju;y 2022
  6. ^ http://places.kmaps.virginia.edu/features/24353/descriptions/81, retrieved 21 Ju;y 2022
  7. ^ Snellgrove & Richardson (1995), p. 111.
  8. ^ Cabot (2003, pp. 157-158.
  9. ^ Ekvall (1939).
  10. ^ "www.tibetcul.com". www.tibetcul.com. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  11. ^ https://www.sohu.com/a/428503229_120068472, retrieved 21 July 2022 ("Following the footsteps of the Austrian explorer of 80 years' ago in Jonê and Tewo; entering the mysterious Shambala world recorded by the botanist Rock"), 2012-12-17
  12. ^ a b Michael Woodhead, In the footsteps of Joseph Rock. Chapter 10, "Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: Travels to Choni and Amnye Machen".
  13. ^ Joseph Rock, "Life among the Lamas of Choni: Describing the Mystery Plays and Butter Festival in the Monastery of an Almost Unknown Tibetan Principality in Kansu Province, China". National Geographic, (1928): 569-619
  14. ^ "A Righteous and Enlightened Chief". charmingbeijing.com. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  15. ^ "统计用区划代码 www.stats.gov.cn" (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
  16. ^ 中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010) (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Data Service Center. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

References

  • Cabot, Mabel H. (2003). Vanished Kingdoms: A Woman Explorer in Tibet, China & Mongolia, 1921-1925, pp. 148–157. Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum, Harvard. ISBN 978-1-931788-18-2.
  • Dorje, Gyurme (2009). Footprint Tibet Handbook. Footprint Publications, Bath, England. ISBN 978-1-906098-32-2.
  • Ekvall, Robert B. (1939). "Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border", University of Chicago.
  • China County & City Population 1999 FAQ

January 07, 2023
jonê, county, also, cone, chone, choni, tibetan, wylie, rdzong, zypy, jonê, zong, local, pronunciation, tɕɔlnɛ, chinese, 卓尼县, pinyin, zhuōní, xiàn, administrative, district, gannan, tibetan, autonomous, prefecture, gansu, province, china, counties, gansu, part. Jone County also Cone Chone Choni Tibetan ཅ ན ར ང Wylie co ne rdzong ZYPY Jone Zong local pronunciation tɕɔLnɛ 4 Chinese 卓尼县 pinyin Zhuōni Xian is an administrative district in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Gansu Province China It is one of 58 counties of Gansu It is part of the Gannan Prefecture Its postal code is 747600 Its area is 4 954 km2 1 913 sq mi and its population is over 100 000 people It is administered from Liulin 1 Jone County 卓尼县 ཅ ན ར ང CountyJone pink within Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture yellow and Gansu grey JoneLocation of the seat in GansuCoordinates 34 35 N 103 30 E 34 583 N 103 500 E 34 583 103 500 Coordinates 34 35 N 103 30 E 34 583 N 103 500 E 34 583 103 500CountryPeople s Republic of ChinaProvinceGansuAutonomous prefectureGannanSeatLiulinArea Total5 419 68 km2 2 092 55 sq mi Population 2018 Total110 700 Density20 km2 53 sq mi Time zoneUTC 8 China Standard Postal code747600 Contents 1 Description 2 Historical Tibetan Yang Surname Zhouni Tusi 3 List of Kings of Jone 4 History 5 Administrative divisions 6 Climate 7 See also 8 Footnotes 9 ReferencesDescription EditThe county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu chu The country town and adjacent Jone Monastery are on the north bank The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jone 1 Historical Tibetan Yang Surname Zhouni Tusi EditAmong Tibetan at Amdo Jone exist The Zhouni Tusi Chinese 卓尼土司 ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang 杨 clan was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom Choni Kingdom or Jone Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang dga tshang family at Tibet In 1404 whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang 杨 The Yangs ruled Zhouni from 1404 until 1949 2 3 List of Kings of Jone EditThere are list kings of Jone Kingdom 4 5 6 ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཤ ས བས ས ཅ ན ར ལ པ བཙན པ ཅ ན ར ལ པ བཀ ཤ ས ཅ ན ར ལ པ དགའ ས ད ཅ ན ར ལ པ དབང ཕ ག named 杨洪 Yang Hong ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཡང ད ན named 杨臻 Yang Zhen ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཡང ཚ མ ས named 杨葵明 Yang Kuiming ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཡང ག ལ ང named 杨国龙 Yang Guolong ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཚ དབང ད ན ག བ named 杨朝梁 Yang Chaoliang ཅ ན ར ལ པ བ བཟང ད ན ག བ named 杨威 Yang Wei ཅ ན ར ལ པ མང ས ལ མག ན པ named 杨汝松 Yang Rǔsōng ཅ ན ར ལ པ འཇམ དབ ངས ན ར བ named 杨冲霄 Yang Chōngxiao ཅ ན ར ལ པ བས ད ནམས ཆ ས འཕ ལ named 杨昭 Yang Zhao ཅ ན ར ལ པ བས ན ས ང ཚ ར ང named 杨声 Yang Sheng ཅ ན ར ལ པ བས ན འཛ ན ར ན ཆ ན ཆ ས ས བས named 杨宗业 Yang Zōngye ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཆ ས ས བས འག ར མ ད ར ར named 杨宗基 Yang Zōngji ཅ ན ར ལ པ ར ན ཆ ན བས ན འཛ ན འཕ ན ལས ར ར named 杨元 Yang Yuan ཅ ན ར ལ པ ཚ དབང བས ད ནམས ར ར named 杨作霖 Yang Zuolin ཅ ན ར ལ པ བ བཟང བས ན འཛ ན ར མ ར ལ ར ར named 杨积庆 Yang Jiqing ཅ ན ར ལ པ པད མ དབང ཕ ག named 杨复兴 Yang FuxingHistory Edit There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind after the late 10th century at several border outposts such as Jone where they established viable settlements and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops called the Wun Mo carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom 982 1224 7 Jone was part of a separate kingdom formed according to legend after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Szechuan conquering the local tribes in 1404 The contemporary descendants of the Jone royal line claim that their line is Tibetan and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan The Yongle Emperor May 2 1360 August 12 1424 named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief tusi called Zhouni Tusi 卓尼土司 bestowing the family name of Yang 杨 and an imperial seal upon his line The Jone king co ne rgyal po established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jone as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations until 1928 when it was placed under the control of the Lanchow government 8 In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence 9 despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers 2 Among the six monasteries in the county all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments is the great Jone Monastery 1 The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jone Choni in his spelling in 1925 26 He resided in the compound of the local chief the 19th generation tusi Yang Jiqing 杨积庆 10 11 making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai His account of the culture of this almost unknown Tibetan principality as he described it illustrated with color photographs was published in the National Geographic 12 13 14 As of 2012 Jone was apparently closed to foreign visitors 12 Administrative divisions EditZhuoni County 卓尼县 is divided to 11 towns 3 townships and 1 ethic townships 15 TownsLiulin 柳林镇 Mu er 木耳镇 Zhagulu 扎古录镇 Ka erqin 喀尔钦镇 Zangbawa 藏巴哇镇 Nalang 纳浪镇 Taoyan 洮砚镇 Azitan 阿子滩镇 Shenzang 申藏镇 Wanmao 完冒镇 Niba 尼巴镇 TownshipsDaogao Township 刀告乡 Qia gai Township 恰盖乡 Kangduo Township 康多乡 Ethic TownshipsShaowa Tu Township 勺哇土族乡 Climate EditClimate data for Jone 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 19 1 66 4 22 2 72 0 26 5 79 7 32 1 89 8 29 2 84 6 29 7 85 5 33 5 92 3 31 0 87 8 29 0 84 2 23 6 74 5 20 1 68 2 16 5 61 7 33 5 92 3 Average high C F 3 8 38 8 5 7 42 3 9 6 49 3 14 3 57 7 17 7 63 9 20 2 68 4 22 5 72 5 22 1 71 8 17 8 64 0 13 2 55 8 9 5 49 1 5 4 41 7 13 5 56 3 Daily mean C F 6 2 20 8 3 0 26 6 1 5 34 7 6 3 43 3 10 2 50 4 13 3 55 9 15 6 60 1 14 9 58 8 11 2 52 2 6 1 43 0 0 4 32 7 4 8 23 4 5 5 41 8 Average low C F 13 2 8 2 9 4 15 1 4 2 24 4 0 3 32 5 4 2 39 6 7 7 45 9 10 2 50 4 9 7 49 5 6 8 44 2 1 7 35 1 5 6 21 9 11 6 11 1 0 3 31 5 Record low C F 23 3 9 9 20 4 4 7 18 3 0 9 8 6 16 5 6 1 21 0 0 7 33 3 2 2 36 0 1 6 34 9 3 7 25 3 8 8 16 2 16 2 2 8 21 8 7 2 23 3 9 9 Average precipitation mm inches 3 7 0 15 6 1 0 24 18 3 0 72 39 8 1 57 72 8 2 87 82 1 3 23 94 6 3 72 86 3 3 40 75 4 2 97 47 5 1 87 6 4 0 25 1 9 0 07 534 9 21 06 Average relative humidity 53 55 59 61 64 70 73 73 75 73 62 54 64Source China Meteorological Data Service Center 16 See also EditList of administrative divisions of GansuFootnotes Edit a b c Dorje 2009 p 812 a b Tibetan Historical Polities 1 retrieved 19 Aug 2017 Tibetan Jone in China 2 retrieved 19 Aug 2017 Buddhist Digital Resource Center 3 retrieved 19 Aug 2017 http www zhuoni gov cn info 1149 4595 htm retrieved 21 Ju y 2022 http places kmaps virginia edu features 24353 descriptions 81 retrieved 21 Ju y 2022 Snellgrove amp Richardson 1995 p 111 Cabot 2003 pp 157 158 Ekvall 1939 www tibetcul com www tibetcul com Retrieved 21 July 2022 https www sohu com a 428503229 120068472 retrieved 21 July 2022 Following the footsteps of the Austrian explorer of 80 years ago in Jone and Tewo entering the mysterious Shambala world recorded by the botanist Rock 2012 12 17 a b Michael Woodhead In the footsteps of Joseph Rock Chapter 10 Seeking the Mountains of Mystery Travels to Choni and Amnye Machen Joseph Rock Life among the Lamas of Choni Describing the Mystery Plays and Butter Festival in the Monastery of an Almost Unknown Tibetan Principality in Kansu Province China National Geographic 1928 569 619 A Righteous and Enlightened Chief charmingbeijing com 9 November 2016 Retrieved 2 February 2020 统计用区划代码 www stats gov cn in Chinese XZQH Retrieved 2012 05 26 中国地面气候标准值月值 1981 2010 in Simplified Chinese China Meteorological Data Service Center Retrieved 24 November 2022 References EditCabot Mabel H 2003 Vanished Kingdoms A Woman Explorer in Tibet China amp Mongolia 1921 1925 pp 148 157 Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum Harvard ISBN 978 1 931788 18 2 Dorje Gyurme 2009 Footprint Tibet Handbook Footprint Publications Bath England ISBN 978 1 906098 32 2 Ekvall Robert B 1939 Cultural Relations on the Kansu Tibetan Border University of Chicago China County amp City Population 1999 FAQ Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jone County amp oldid 1131011531, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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