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Abu Sayyaf

July 15, 2023

This article is about the Filipino Islamist group. For individuals known as Abu Sayyaf and other uses, see Abu Sayyaf (disambiguation).

Abu Sayyaf (/ˈɑːbuː sɑːˈjɑːf/ (listen); Arabic: جماعة أبو سياف; Jamāʿat Abū Sayyāf, ASG),[25] officially known by the Islamic State as the Islamic State – East Asia Province,[26] is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam. It is based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines, where for more than four decades, Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency seeking to make Moro Province independent. The group is considered violent[27] and was responsible for the Philippines' worst terrorist attack, the bombing of MV Superferry 14 in 2004, which killed 116 people.[28] The name of the group is derived from the Arabic abu (Arabic: أبو; "father of"), and sayyaf (Arabic: سيّاف; "swordsmith").[29] As of June 2021, the group is estimated to have less than 50 members,[9] down from 1,250 in 2000.[30] They use mostly improvised explosive devices, mortars and automatic rifles.

Abu Sayyaf
The logo of ISIL, which was adopted by Abu Sayyaf
LeadersAbdurajak Abubakar Janjalani †[a]
Khadaffy Janjalani †[b]
Jainal Antel Sali Jr. †[c]
Isnilon Hapilon †[d][1][2]
Radullan Sahiron[3][4]
Mahmur Japuri †[5]
Hajan Sawadjaan †
Abu 'Abdillah al-Muhajir[6]
Dates of operation1989[7]–present
Group(s)Ajang Ajang group
HeadquartersJolo, Sulu, Philippines[8]
Active regionsPhilippines, Malaysia
IdeologyIslamic Statism
Size≤50 members (June 2021 est.)[9]
≤20 members (April 2023 est.)[10]
Part of Islamic State
Allies14K Triad[11]
Maute group (defunct)
al-Qaeda (formerly)
Opponents Philippines[12]
Other combatants:
Battles and warsMoro conflict, Cross border attacks in Sabah, War on Terror, South Thailand insurgency

Since its inception in 1989, the group has carried out bombings, kidnappings, assassinations and extortion.[31] They have been involved in criminal activities, including rape, child sexual assault, forced marriage,[32] drive-by shootings and drug trafficking.[33] The goals of the group "appear to have alternated over time between criminal objectives and a more ideological intent".[34]

The group has been designated as a terrorist group by Australia,[13] Canada,[14] Indonesia,[15] Japan,[16] Malaysia,[17] the Philippines,[12] the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom[18] and the United States.[19][35] From January 15, 2002, to February 24, 2015,[36] fighting Abu Sayyaf became a mission of the American military's Operation Enduring Freedom and part of the Global War on Terrorism.[37][38] Several hundred United States soldiers were stationed in the area to mainly train local forces in counter-terror and counterguerrilla operations, but, following a status of forces agreement and under Philippine law, they were not allowed to engage in direct combat.[39][40][41][42]

The group was founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, and led after his death in 1998 by his younger brother Khadaffy Janjalani until his death in 2006. On July 23, 2014, Isnilon Hapilon, one of the group's leaders, swore an oath of loyalty to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State (IS).[1] In September 2014, the group began kidnapping people for ransom, in the name of the IS.[43][44]

Background and history

In the early 1970s, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was the main Muslim rebel group fighting in Basilan and Mindanao.[35] Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, the older brother of Khadaffy Janjalani, had been a teacher from Basilan, who studied Islamic theology and Arabic in Libya, Syria and Saudi Arabia during the 1980s.[45][46] Abdurajak went to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviet Union and the Afghan government during the Soviet–Afghan War. During that period, he was alleged to have met Osama bin Laden and been given $6 million to establish a more Islamic group drawn from the MNLF.[47] Both Abdurajak Abubakar and Khadaffy were natives of Isabela City, one of the poorest cities of the Philippines and capital of Basilan.[48]

Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani leadership (1989–1998)

In the early 1990s, the MNLF moderated into governing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, becoming the ruling government in majority Muslim areas of Mindanao in 1996. When Abdurajak returned to Basilan in 1990, he gathered radical members of the old MNLF who wanted to resume armed struggle and in 1991 established the Abu Sayyaf.[35] Janjalani was funded by a Saudi Islamist, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, who came to the Philippines in 1987 or 1988 and was head of the Philippine branch of the International Islamic Relief Organization foundation. A defector from Abu Sayyaf told Filipino authorities, "The IIRO was behind the construction of Mosques, school buildings, and other livelihood projects" but only "in areas penetrated, highly influenced and controlled by the Abu Sayyaf". According to the defector, "Only 10 to 30% of the foreign funding goes to the legitimate relief and livelihood projects and the rest go to terrorist operations".[49][50][51][52] Khalifa married a local woman, Alice "Jameelah" Yabo.[53]

By 1995, Abu Sayyaf was active in large-scale bombings and attacks. The first attack was the assault on the town of Ipil, Zamboanga del Sur in April 1995. This year marked the escape of 20-year-old Khadaffy Janjalani from Camp Crame in Manila along with another member named Jovenal Bruno. On December 18, 1998, Abdurajak was killed in a gun battle with the Philippine National Police in Basilan.[54] He was thought to have been about 39.[46]

The death of Aburajak marked a turning point in Abu Sayyaf operations. The group shifted to kidnappings, murders, and robberies, under his younger brother Khadaffy. The Sulu Archipelago experienced some of the fiercest fights between government troops and Abu Sayyaf through the early 1990s. It was reported that Abu Sayyaf began expanding into neighboring Malaysia and Indonesia by that time.[45]

Khadaffy Janjalani leadership (1999–2007)

Until his death in a gun battle on September 4, 2006, Khaddafy Janjalani was considered the nominal leader of the group by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Then 23-year-old Khadaffy took leadership of one of the Abu Sayyaf's factions in an internecine struggle.[54][55] He then worked to consolidate his leadership, causing the group to appear inactive for a period. After his leadership was secured, Abu Sayyaf began a new strategy, taking hostages. The group's motive for kidnapping became more financial than religious during this period, according to locals. Hostage money probably provides the group's financing.[47]

 
Photograph of Jainal Antel Sali Jr. in 2006. Sali was later killed during a heavy gunfight with the Philippine authorities in 2007.[56]

Abu Sayyaf expanded its operations to Malaysia in 2000, when it abducted foreigners from two resorts. This action was condemned by most Islamic leaders. It was responsible for the kidnapping and murder of more than 30 foreigners and Christian clerics and workers, including Martin and Gracia Burnham.[57][58] An influential commander named Abu Sabaya was killed at sea in June 2002 while trying to evade local forces.[59] His death was considered a crucial turning point for the group, as the number of operatives working for Abu Sayyaf sharply decreased from 1,100 in 2001 to 450 in late 2002, and had since been stagnant for the next ten years.[60]

Ghalib Andang, alias Commander Robot, one of the group's leaders, was captured in Sulu in December 2003.[54][57][61][62] On 14 March 2005, inmates from the Abu Sayyaf Group rioted inside Camp Bagong Diwa in Taguig in an apparent escape attempt and barricaded the second floor of the building, leading to a standoff which ended the next day when government forces stormed the prison. 24 Abu Sayyaf members, including Commanders Robot, Kosovo (Alhamser Limbong) and Global (Nadjmi Sabdullah), were killed, along with three prison guards and a police officer.[63]

An explosion at a military base in Jolo, on February 18, 2006, was blamed on the group by Brig. General Alexander Aleo.[64] Khadaffy was indicted in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia for his alleged involvement in terrorist attacks, including hostage-taking and murder, against United States nationals and other foreign nationals.[65] Consequently, on February 24, 2006, Khadaffy was among six fugitives in the second and most recent group of indicted fugitives to be added to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list along with two fellow members, Isnilon Totoni Hapilon and Jainal Antel Sali Jr.[66][67]

 
Isnilon Totoni Hapilon, one of the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists, was an Abu Sayyaf member until he was killed by the Philippine Army during the battle of Marawi[68] on October 16, 2017.[69]

On December 13, 2006, it was reported that Abu Sayyaf members may have been planning attacks during the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in the Philippines. The group was reported to have trained alongside Jemaah Islamiyah militants. The plot was reported to have involved detonating a car bomb in Cebu City where the summit was to take place.[70] On December 27, the Philippine military reported that Khaddafi's remains had been recovered near Patikul, in Jolo and that DNA tests had been ordered to confirm the discovery. He was allegedly shot in the neck in an encounter with government troops in September on Luba Hills in Patikul, Sulu.

2010–present

In a video published in the summer of 2014, senior Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon and other masked men swore their allegiance or "bay'ah" to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the "Islamic State" (IS) caliph. "We pledge to obey him on anything which our hearts desire or not and to value him more than anyone else. We will not take any emir (leader) other than him unless we see in him any obvious act of disbelief that could be questioned by Allah in the hereafter."[71] For many years prior to this, Islamic State's competitor, al-Qaeda, had the support of Abu Sayyaf "through various connections".[71] Observers were skeptical about whether the pledge would lead to Abu Sayyaf becoming an ISIS outpost in Southeast Asia, or was simply a way for the group to take advantage of the newer group's international publicity.[71]

In May 2017, Hapilon and other members of Abu Sayyaf joined the Islamic extremist Maute Group based in Lanao del Sur during their attempt to seize control of Marawi City and establish an IS caliphate in Mindanao, sparking the Battle of Marawi which destroyed much of the city and ended with his killing, along with that of Maute leader Omar Maute by government forces in October.[72]

In August 2020, MNLF chairman Nur Misuari turned in Abu Sayyaf sub-commander Anduljihad "Idang" Susukan to the Philippine National Police four months after Susukan surrendered to Misuari in Davao City.[73][74]

By 2022, the Islamic State's East Asia Province had absorbed pro-IS groups in Indonesia and a few militants in Thailand. In the latter country, alleged IS members have become involved in the South Thailand insurgency, claiming their first attack in Pattani on April 15, 2022.[75]

Supporters and funding

Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani's first recruits were soldiers of MNLF and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). However, both MNLF and MILF deny links with Abu Sayyaf. Both officially distance themselves because of its attacks on civilians and its supposed profiteering. The Philippine military, however, has claimed that elements of both groups provide support to Abu Sayyaf. The group was originally not thought to receive funding from outside sources, but intelligence reports from the United States, Indonesia and Australia found intermittent ties to the Indonesian Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist group,[76] and the Philippine government considers the Abu Sayyaf to be part of Jemaah Islamiyah.[54] The government noted that initial funding for ASG came from al-Qaeda through the brother-in-law of Osama bin Laden, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa.[54][77][78][79][80]

Al-Qaeda-affiliated terrorist Ramzi Yousef operated in the Philippines in the mid-1990s and trained Abu Sayyaf soldiers.[81] The 2002 edition of the United States Department's Patterns of Global Terrorism mention links to Al-Qaeda. Continuing ties to Islamist groups in the Middle East indicate that al-Qaeda may be continuing support.[46][82][83] As of mid-2005, Jemaah Islamiyah personnel reportedly had trained about 60 Abu Sayyaf cadres in bomb assembling and detonations.[84][85][86]

Funding

The group obtains most of its financing through kidnap ransom and extortion.[44][87] One report estimated its revenues from ransom payments in 2000 were between $10 and $25 million. According to the State Department, it may receive funding from radical Islamic benefactors in the Middle East and South Asia. It was reported that Libya facilitated ransom payments to Abu Sayyaf. It was also suggested that Libyan money could possibly be channeled to Abu Sayyaf.[88] Russian intelligence agencies connected with Victor Bout's planes reportedly provided Abu Sayyaf with arms.[89][90] In 2014 and since, kidnapping for ransom has been the primary means of funding.[91]

The chart below collects events that Abu Sayyaf received ransoms or payments that are euphemistically called "board and lodgings".[92] The more detailed information can be seen in the Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks.

Event Hostage(s) released Ransom demanded ($US) Amount paid ($US)
2011 Kidnapping of an Australian Warren Rodwell (2013) $2 million[93] $100,000[94][95]
2014 Kidnapping of two Germans both (2014) $5.6 million[96] for Dr. Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen[97] the same as demanded
2015 Samal Island kidnappings Kjartan Sekkingstad (2016) $16 million for Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel (both beheaded), and Kjartan Sekkingstad (Norway) $638,000[98]
2015 kidnapping of an Italian Rolando del Torchio (2016) $650,000 (P29 million)[99] the same as demanded
2016 Kidnapping of Indonesian sailors all (2016) $1 million for ten Indonesian crew on the tugboat Brahma 12 and barge Anand 12[100] the same as demanded
2016 Kidnapping of Malaysian sailors all (2016) $3 million for Wong Teck Kang, Teck Chii, Lau Jung Hien and Wong Hung Sing[101] the same as demanded

Motivation, beliefs, targets

Filipino Islamist guerrillas such as Abu Sayyaf have been described as "rooted in a distinct class made up of closely-knit networks built through the marriage of important families through socioeconomic backgrounds and family structures", according to Michael Buehler. This tight-knit, familial structure provides resilience but also limits their growth.[71] Commander of the Western Mindanao Command Lieutenant General Rustico Guerrero, describes Abu Sayyaf as "a local group with a local agenda".[71] Two kidnapping victims, (Martin and Gracia Burnham) who were kept in captivity by ASG for over a year, "gently engaged their captors in theological discussion" and found Abu Sayyaf fighters to be unfamiliar with the Qur'an. They had only "a sketchy" notion of Islam, which they saw as "a set of behavioural rules, to be violated when it suited them", according to author Mark Bowden. As "holy warriors, they were justified in kidnapping, killing and stealing. Having sex with women captives was justified by their claiming them as "wives".[102]

Unlike MILF and MNLF, the group is not recognised by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and according to author Robert East, was seen as "nothing more than a criminal operation" at least prior to 2001.[103] A Center for Strategic and International Studies report by Jack Fellman notes the political rather than religious motivation of ASG. He quotes Khadaffy's statement that his brother was right to split from MNLF because "up to now, nothing came out" of attempts to gain more autonomy for Moro Muslims. This suggests, Fellman believes, that ASG "is merely the latest, albeit most violent, iteration of Moro political dissatisfaction that has existed for the last several decades".[104]

Some Abu Sayyaf members are also "shabu" (methamphetamine) users as described by surviving hostages who saw Abu Sayyaf members taking shabu as well from military findings who found drug packets in many of the abandoned Abu Sayyaf nests that justified their motivation as extreme criminals and terrorists as their state of mind were under the influence of drugs rather than being consciously fighting for the betterment of their region as well rights to living under their minority religion without any discrimination from the majority Filipinos.[105] Its spokesman known as Abu Rami (d. 2017)[106] appeared to lack knowledge of the activities of other members, as the group had apparently separated into many small groups with their own leaders.[107]

Targets

Most Abu Sayyaf victims have been Filipinos; however, in recent years (especially from 2011 onwards), Australian, British, Canadian, Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian, Norwegian, Swiss and Vietnamese nationals have been kidnapped or attacked.[20][21]

Previously, Americans were particularly targeted. An unnamed ASG spokesman allegedly stated, "We have been trying hard to get an American because they may think we are afraid of them". He added, "We want to fight the American people."[108]

In 1993, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped an American Bible translator. In 2000, Abu Sayyaf captured an American Muslim and demanded that the United States release Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and Ramzi Yousef, who were jailed for their involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City.

Between March 2016 – July 2017, the majority of Abu Sayyaf kidnap for ransom operations shifted to the high seas. Seventeen ships were boarded and some sixty-five hostages from six countries were taken. In total, thirty hostages have been released (usually after a ransom was paid), seven escaped, three were rescued by Philippine security forces, and four were executed. Two others were killed during the attacks while eight seamen escaped during the shipjackings. An additional forty seamen were not taken hostage.[109]

Crimes and terrorism

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks.

Abu Sayyaf has carried out numerous bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, and extortion activities.[31] These include the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings, the 2001 Dos Palmas kidnappings and the 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing.

Kidnappings

Although the group has engaged in kidnapping hostages to be exchanged for ransom for many years, this means of funding grew dramatically beginning in 2014, providing funds for the group's rapid growth.[91]

In the Philippines

Journalists abducted since 2000

ABS-CBN's Newsbreak reported that Abu Sayyaf abducted at least 20 journalists from 2000 to 2008 (mostly foreign journalists). All of them were eventually released upon payment of ransom.

  • GMA-7 television reporter Susan Enriquez (April 2000, Basilan, a few days);
  • 10 Foreign journalists (7 German, 1 French, 1 Australian and 1 Danish, in May 2000, Jolo, for 10 hours);
  • German Andreas Lorenz of the magazine Der Spiegel (July 2000, Jolo, for 25 days; he was also kidnapped in May);
  • French television reporter Maryse Burgot and cameraman Jean-Jacques Le Garrec and sound technician Roland Madura (July 2000, Jolo, for 2 months);
  • ABS-CBN television reporter Maan Macapagal and cameraman Val Cuenca[110] (July 2000, Jolo, for 4 days);[111]
  • Philippine Daily Inquirer contributor and Net 25 television reporter Arlyn de la Cruz (January 2002, Zamboanga, for 3 months)
  • GMA-7 television reporter Carlo Lorenzo and cameraman Gilbert Ordiales (September 2002, Jolo, for 6 days).[112]
  • Filipino Ces Drilon and news cameramen Jimmy Encarnacion and Angelo Valderrama released unharmed after ransom paid (June 2008 Maimbung, Sulu for 9 days; See 2008 Maimbung kidnappings).[113]
  • Jordanian TV journalist Baker Atyani and his two Filipino crews were kidnapped in June 2012 by the Abu Sayyaf militants they had sought to interview in the jungles of Sulu province. The two crew were freed in February 2013. Al Arabiya News Channel stated that their correspondent, Atyani, was handed over to the local governor's office on December 4, 2013.[114] However, police and military officials could not ascertain whether Atyani had escaped from his captors or was freed.[115]
Jeffrey Schilling

On August 31, 2000, American citizen and Muslim convert Jeffrey Schilling from Oakland, California, was captured on Jolo while visiting a terrorist camp with his new wife, Ivy Osani (a cousin of Abu Sabaya, one of the rebel leaders), whom he had met online. ASG demanded a $10 million ransom. Rebels also sarcastically threatened to behead him in 2001 as a "birthday present" to then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who responded by declaring "all-out war" on them. The beheading threat was withdrawn after Schilling's mother, Carol, flew to the Philippines and appealed for mercy on local radio. On April 12, 2001, Philippine soldiers raided a rebel camp and rescued the American. The United States praised the Philippine government for freeing Schilling.[116][117][118]

Many commentators have been critical of Schilling, who claims to have walked willingly into the camp after he was invited by his wife's cousin, a member of Abu Sayyaf.[119]

Schilling was one of more than 40 hostages taken by Abu Sayyaf in 2000, including 21 tourists and workers seized in a raid on Sipadan diving resort in neighboring Malaysia. Many of the hostages were released after Libya paid millions of dollars. A Libyan official stated that Schilling had visited the Jolo camp often before his capture. Philippine intelligence sources say he was interested in selling military equipment to the rebels, while the bandits accused him of being a CIA agent. Abu Sayyaf threatened several times to kill Schilling. At one stage, Schilling reportedly went on a hunger strike to win his freedom.[116]

Martin and Gracia Burnham
See also: Dos Palmas kidnappings

On May 27, 2001, an Abu Sayyaf raid kidnapped about 20 people from Dos Palmas, an expensive resort in Honda Bay, taking them to the north of Puerto Princesa City on the island of Palawan, which had been "considered completely safe". The most "valuable" hostages were three North Americans, Martin and Gracia Burnham, a missionary couple, and Guillermo Sobero, a Peruvian-American tourist who was later beheaded, following a $1 million ransom demand.[120] The hostages and hostage-takers then returned to Abu Sayyaf territories in Mindanao.[121][122] According to Bowden, the leader of the raid was Abu Sabaya. According to Gracia Burnham, she told her husband "to identify his kidnappers" to authorities "as 'the Osama bin Laden Group,' but Burnham was unfamiliar with that name and stuck with" Abu Sayyaf. After returning to Mindanao, Abu Sayyaf conducted numerous raids, including one that culminated in the Siege of Lamitan and "one at a coconut plantation called Golden Harvest; they took about 15 people captive there and later used bolo knives to hack the heads off two men. The number of hostages waxed and waned as some were ransomed and released, new ones were taken and others were killed."[121][123]

On June 7, 2002, about a year after the raid, Philippine army troops conducted a rescue operation in which Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse Ediborah Yap were killed. The remaining hostage was wounded and the hostage takers escaped. In July 2004, Gracia Burnham testified at a trial of eight Abu Sayyaf members and identified six of the suspects as her captors, including Alhamzer Limbong, Abdul Azan Diamla, Abu Khari Moctar, Bas Ishmael, Alzen Jandul, and Dazid Baize. "The eight suspects sat silently during her three-hour testimony, separated from her by a wooden grill. They face the death sentence if found guilty of kidnapping for ransom. The trial began this year and is not expected to end for several months."[124] Alhamzer Limbong was later killed in a prison uprising.[125] Burnham claimed that Philippine military officials were colluding with her captors, saying that the Armed Forces of the Philippines "didn't pursue us ... As time went on, we noticed that they never pursued us".[126]

2007 Father Bossi kidnapping

On June 10, 2007, Italian priest Reverend Giancarlo Bossi was kidnapped near Pagadian, capital of Zamboanga del Sur Province in the southern Philippines. Pope Benedict XVI made an appeal to free him. Bossi was released on July 19, 2007, at Karumatan, a Muslim town in Lanao del Norte Province, allegedly after the payment of ransom. Father Bossi died in Italy on September 23, 2012.[127][128]

In December 2020, Samad Awang, alias Ahmad Jamal, of the Abdussalam kidnap-for-ransom group was killed in a firefight with government troops in Zamboanga City. Awang was reportedly involved in the kidnapping of Italian missionary Fr. Giancarlo Bossi in 2007, businessman Joel Endino in 2011, and teacher Kathy Kasipong in 2013.[129]

2009 Red Cross kidnapping

On January 15, 2009, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) delegates in Patikul, Sulu Province, Philippines. Three ICRC workers had finished conducting fieldwork in Sulu province, located in the southwest of the country when they were abducted by an unknown group, later confirmed as Albader Parad's group.[130] All three were eventually released. According to a CNN story, Parad was reportedly killed, along with five other militants, in an assault by Philippine marines in Sulu province on Sunday, February 21, 2010.

2009 Irish priest kidnapping

On October 11, 2009, Irish Catholic missionary Michael Sinnott, aged 79, from Barntown County Wexford was kidnapped from a gated compound in Pagadian, the capital of Zamboanga del Sur province, suspected to be part of ASG and some renegade members of MILF. Six kidnappers forced the priest into a mini-van and drove towards Sta. Lucia (district), where they transferred to a boat. Sinnott had a heart condition and was without medication when abducted. In early November, a demand for $US2 million ransom was made. On November 11, 2009, Father Sinnott was released in Zamboanga City. The Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland) claimed that no ransom was paid by the Irish Government.[131][132][133][134]

2010 Japanese treasure hunter

On July 16, 2010, Japanese national Toshio Ito was kidnapped from Pangutaran, Sulu. At one point, the Philippine police believed the "treasure hunter", a Muslim convert also known by his Muslim name Mamaito Katayama, was acting as a cook for Abu Sayyaf; however, this was disputed by other nations, including the United States, which included him on its list of kidnap victims. A classified document obtained by Rappler lists Ito first, saying he was held captive by Abu Sayyaf's most senior leader, Radullan Sahiron, in Langpas, Indanan, Sulu early in 2013.[135][136]

2011 Malaysian gecko trader

On May 8, 2011, Malaysian gecko trader Mohammad Nasauddin Bin Saidin was kidnapped while hunting for gecko (tuko) in Indanan, Sulu. Saidin was freed on May 12, 2012.[137]

2011 Indian national kidnapping

On June 22, 2011, Indian national Biju Kolara Veetil was captured by four armed men while visiting his wife's relatives on the island of Jolo. A$10 million ransom was demanded. Veetil later denied that he was released in August 2012 because he had converted to Islam during captivity.[138][139]

Warren Rodwell
 
Survivor Warren Rodwell (2010) prior to abduction by Abu Sayyaf

Warren Richard Rodwell, a former Australian Army soldier and university English teacher,[140] was shot through the right hand when seized[141] from his home at Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines on December 5, 2011[142] by ASG militants.[143] Rodwell later had to have a finger amputated.[144] ASG threatened to behead Rodwell[145] if their $US2 million ransom demand was not met.[146] Both the Australian and Philippine governments had strict policies against paying ransoms.[147] Australia formed a multi-agency task force to liaise with Rodwell's family and assist Philippine authorities.[148] A news blackout was imposed.[149] Filipino politicians helped negotiate the release.[150] After the payment of $AUD94,000[151] for "board and lodging" expenses[150] by his siblings, Rodwell was released on March 23, 2013.[152]

Arrests and killings

On June 16, 2014, suspects Jimmy Nurilla (alias Doc) and Bakrin Haris were arrested. Both reportedly worked under Basilan-based Abu Sayyaf leader Khair Mundos and Furuji Indama.[153] Authorities believed Nurilla and Haris took part in the Rodwell kidnapping, as well as the separate abduction of US citizen Gerfa Yeatts Lunsman and her son Kevin in 2012. In January 2015, Mindanao Examiner newspaper reported the arrest of Barahama Ali[154] kidnap gang sub-leaders linked to the kidnapping of Rodwell, who was seized by at least 5 gunmen (disguised as policemen), and eventually handed over or sold by the kidnappers to the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan province.[155]

In May 2015, ex-Philippine National Police (PNP) officer Jun A. Malban, alias Michael Zoo,[156] was arrested in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, for the crime of "Kidnapping for Ransom" after Rodwell identified him as the negotiator/spokesperson. Further PNP investigation revealed that Malban is the cousin of Abu Sayyaf leaders Khair and Borhan Mundos (both of whom were arrested in 2014).[157] The director of the Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) stated that Malban's arrest resulted from close co-ordination by the PNP, National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines) and Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission with the Malaysian counterparts and through Interpol.[158] In January 2018, Rodwell attended a court hearing for Malban and others in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay, pursuant to a Supreme Court petition to transfer his case for security reasons to a court in either Manila or Zamboanga City.[159]

In August 2015, Edeliza Sumbahon Ulep,[160] alias Gina Perez, was arrested at Trento, Agusan del Sur during a joint manhunt operation by police and military units. Ulep was tagged as the ransom courier in the kidnapping.[161] In August 2016, The Manila Times reported the arrest of the kidnap-for-ransom group of Barahama Alih sub-leader, Hasim Calon alias Husien (also a notorious drug dealer), in his hideout in Tenan village in Ipil town. Hasim Calon was involved in Rodwell's abduction. Earlier in 2016, police forces killed Waning Abdulsalam, a former MILF leader, in the village of Singkilon. Abdulsalam was one of the most wanted criminals in the southern Philippines and connected to ASG. He was linked to the kidnappings of Rodwell in 2011, Irish missionary Michael Sinnott in 2009 in Pagadian City, and Italian Catholic priest Giancarlo Bossi in Zamboanga del Sur's Payao town in 2007.[156] In March 2019, combined security forces of the 44th Infantry Battalion, Philippine National Police, Philippine Drugs Enforcement Agency, National Bureau of Investigation and Philippine Coast Guard arrested five members (Benhazer Anduhol, Solaiman Calonof, Nicanel Maningo, Jay-ar Abba Quartocruz and Hashim Lucas Samdani) of Barahama Alih criminal gang during drug operations with warrants in Barangay Tenan of Ipil town, Zamboanga Sibugay. Military sources allege Barahama Alih Group was responsible for a number of kidnapping incidents in previous years including the abduction of Australian national Warren Rodwell, Italian priest Giancarlo Bossi, and some local Filipinos.[162]

In February 2018, Abu Sayyaf sub-commander Nurhassan Jamiri was reported by Malaysia regional intelligence sources as one of three gunmen killed in a gunfight with police in Sabah. Jamiri was atop the Philippines' most wanted list and implicated in dozens of ransom kidnappings including Rodwell.[163][164] In March 2018, Jamiri turned up alive when he and thirteen followers surrendered to authorities in Basilan. Over the preceding two years, many Abu Sayyaf bandits had surrendered to authorities in Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. More were expected to yield because of the regional government's Program Against Violence and Extremism (PAVE), designed to provide opportunities and interventions, including psychosocial sessions, medical check-ups, introduction to farming systems, and expository tours outside the island provinces to facilitate the reintegration of former combatants into society.[165] In April 2018, Rodwell lauded the surrenders and reintegration program, but said he would not interfere with the legal processing of any charges already filed against anyone involved with his own kidnapping.[166]

In June 2020, Inquirer newspaper reported the killing of Mamay Aburi by government troops in Titay, Zamboanga Sibugay after authorities attended to serve a warrant of arrest. Aburi was allegedly a subleader of a kidnap-for-ransom group and had been linked with the Abu Sayyaf Group based in Sulu. The provincial director of the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) said Aburi was involved in the 2011 kidnapping of Australian national Warren Rodwell and the 2019 abduction of the Hyrons couple in Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur.[167] In February 2021, The Manila Times reported that Abu Sayyaf subleader Arrasid Halissam was shot dead when he opened fire on police serving a warrant on him in the village of Santa Maria, Zamboanga City. Halissam was linked to numerous kidnappings such as Australian adventurer Warren Rodwell, Americans Gerfa Lunsmann and son Kevin, Chinese Yuan Lin Kai and Jian Luo, South Korean Nwi Seong Hong, and almost a dozen Filipinos. Halissam was also allegedly involved in the 2015 bombing in Zamboanga that killed two people and injured over fifty others.[168]

2012 European bird watchers

On February 1, 2012, two European bird watchers were seized on Tawi Tawi island. Swiss Lorenzo Vinciguerra escaped in December 2014 as government troops attacked the jungle camp where he was captive on the island of Jolo. Vinciguerra was shot by rebels as he escaped; however, his injuries were non-life-threatening.[169] Dutch captive Ewold Horn was reportedly unable to escape. The whereabouts of Horn remained unknown.[170] On May 31, 2019, Western Mindanao Command confirmed that Horn was shot dead during a clash with military in Patikul, Sulu. Additionally, the military advised that the wife of ASG leader Radulan Sahiron and five other ASG members were also killed.[171][172]

2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim Kidnapping

On April 2, 2012, Mayor Jeffrey Lim of Salug, Zamboanga del Norte was kidnapped by ten armed men disguised as policemen. Lim was reportedly handed over to Abu Sayyaf. On November 6, he was freed near Zamboanga City after payment of P1.3M ($US25,000) ransom. On August 9, 2013, a Mindanao Pagadian Frontline report named a "Sehar Muloc" aka "Red Eye" as a suspect in the 2012 kidnapping of Mayor Jeffrey Lim.[173][174] Abner Gumandol, alias Sehar Muloc and Red Eye, was said to be the leader of a criminal syndicate called the Muloc Group. Gumandol was arrested on June 12, 2016.[175]

2014 Kabasalan ZSP kidnapping

On September 11, 2014, Chinese national Li Pei Zhei was abducted by four gunmen in Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay and taken to Basilan. He was released in Sitio Lugay-Lugay, Barangay Naga-Naga, Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay on November 5, 2014.[176] Police subsequently charged Ibni Basaludin, Yug Enriquez, Brahama Ali, and Ging-Ging Calon, all residents of Barangay Tenan, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay with kidnapping with serious illegal detention.[177]

2015 Roseller Lim ZSP kidnapping

On January 24, 2015, Korean national Nwi Seong Hong was abducted by armed men in Roseller Lim, Zamboanga Sibugay Province. The victim's son, Abby, escaped after he fought off the kidnappers.[178] According to intelligence information from the JTG-SULU, the captors of were Algabsy Misaya, Idang Susukan, Alden Bagade and Mohammad Salud alias Ama Maas, Indanan-based members led by sub-leaders Isang Susukan and Anga Adji.[179][180] On October 31, 2015, the body of 74-year-old Nwi Seong Hong was found in Barangay Bangkal, Patikul, Sulu. Investigators said the victim died due to severe illness.[179]

2015 Samal Island kidnappings
 
Kjartan Sekkingstad (left), one of the people kidnapped by the ASG in Samal Island in 2015, meets with President Rodrigo Duterte (right) after his release from ASG captivity.

On September 21, 2015, Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel, as well as Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad, and (Hall's girlfriend) Marites Flor; a Filipino woman, were abducted on Samal Island near Davao.[181] Ridsdel was beheaded by Abu Sayyaf on April 25, 2016, following a ransom deadline.[182][183] ASG reportedly demanded more than $8.1 million for Ridsdel and the others.[184]

On May 3, 2016, a video of the Ridsdel execution was released, along with new demands for the remaining hostages.[185][186] A masked captor said, "Note to the Philippine government and to the Canadian government: The lesson is clear. John Ridsdel has been beheaded. Now there are three remaining captives here. If you procrastinate once again the negotiations, we will behead this all anytime".[187]

On May 15, Hall appeared in a new video, announcing that he and Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad would be decapitated at 3 pm on Monday June 13 absent a ransom of $16 million. Both hostages wore orange coveralls, similar to hostages in videos produced by IS, to which Abu Sayyaf had previously pledged allegiance.[188] The deadline passed. Hall was beheaded.[189]

On June 24, Abu Sayyaf released Filipina Marites Flor. She was subsequently flown to Davao to meet President-elect Rodrigo Duterte. Duterte said he directed negotiations with the Abu Sayyaf. He did not elaborate.[190]

On September 17, 2016, remaining hostage Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad was released on Jolo island. Abu Rami, an ASG spokesman, claimed $638,000 was paid as ransom.[98]

2015 Dipolog kidnapping

On October 7, 2015, Italian national and pizza restaurant owner Rolando del Torchio was kidnapped in Dipolog, the capital of Zamboanga del Norte. On April 8, 2016, Del Torchio was released and found at Jolo port aboard MV KC Beatrice bound for Zamboanga City after his family paid P29 million ($US650,000) in ransom.[99][191]

2019 Tukuran kidnapping

On October 4, 2019, armed men abducted British national Allan Hyrons and his Filipino wife Wilma from their beach resort in Tukuran town, Zamboanga del Sur province on the southern island of Mindanao. After a brief exchange of gunfire in November between Abu Sayyaf and Philippine troops on the island of Jolo, the couple was abandoned and rescued. No ransom was reportedly paid.[192][193]

In Malaysia

See also: Cross border attacks in Sabah
2000 Sipadan kidnappings
Main article: 2000 Sipadan kidnappings

On May 3, 2000, Abu Sayyaf guerrillas occupied the Malaysian dive resort island Sipadan and took 21 hostages, including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers – 19 foreign nationals in total. The hostages were taken to an Abu Sayyaf base in Jolo.[194] Two Muslim Malaysians were released soon after. Abu Sayyaf made various demands for the release of several prisoners, including 1993 World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and $2.4 million. In July, a Filipino television evangelist and 12 of members of the Jesus Miracle Crusade Church offered their help and went as mediators for the relief of other hostages.[195] They, three French television crew members and a German journalist, all visiting Abu Sayyaf on Jolo, were also taken hostage.[196] Most hostages were released in August and September 2000, partly due to mediation by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and an offer of $25 million in "development aid".[197]

Abu Sayyaf conducted a second raid on the island of Pandanan near Sipadan on September 10 and seized three more Malaysians.[198] The Philippine army launched a major offensive on September 16, 2000, rescuing all remaining hostages, except Filipino dive instructor Roland Ullah. He was freed in 2003.[194] Abu Sayyaf coordinated with the Chinese 14K Triad gang in carrying out the kidnappings. The 14K Triad has militarily supported Abu Sayyaf.[11]

2013 Pom Pom kidnappings

On November 15, 2013, Abu Sayyaf militants raided a resort on the Malaysian island of Pom Pom.[199][200] During the ambush, Taiwanese citizen Chang An-wei was kidnapped and her husband, Hsu Li-min, was killed.[201] Chang was taken to the Sulu Archipelago.[199] Chang was freed in Sulu Province and returned to Taiwan on December 21.[202][203][204]

2014 Singamata, Baik Island and Kampung Air Sapang kidnappings

On April 2, 2014, a kidnap gang believed to originate from Abu Sayyaf militants raided Singamata Reef Resort off Semporna.[205][206] Chinese tourist Gao Huayun from Shanghai and Filipino resort worker Marcy Dayawan were abducted and taken to the Sulu Archipelago.[205][207] The two hostages were later rescued after a collaboration between Malaysian and Philippines security forces.[208][209]

On May 6, five Abu Sayyaf gunmen raided a Malaysian fish farm on Baik Island Sabah, kidnapped the fish farm manager and took him to Jolo island.[210][211] He was freed in July with the help of Malaysian negotiators.[212]

On June 16, two gunmen believed to be from Abu Sayyaf kidnapped a Chinese fish farm manager and one Filipino worker in Kampung Air Sapang.[213][214] The worker managed to escape and disappeared.[215][216] Meanwhile, the fish farm manager was taken to Jolo.[217] He was released on December 10.[218]

Malaysian authorities identified five Filipinos, the "Muktadil brothers", as responsible for these cases. They sold their hostages to the Abu Sayyaf group.[219] Of the five Muktadil brothers: Mindas Muktadil was killed by Philippine police in May 2015, Kadafi Muktadil was arrested in late 2015, Nixon Muktadil and Brown Muktadil were killed by the Philippine military on September 27, 2016, after they resisted arrest,[220][221] while Badong Muktadil succumbed to his injuries while fleeing after he was shot when his brothers was killed. His body was discovered in a pump boat in Mususiasi.[222]

2015 Ocean King Restaurant kidnappings

On May 15, 2015, four armed Abu Sayyaf members kidnapped two Malaysian nationals from Ocean King Restaurant in an upscale resort in Sandakan, Sabah and took them to Parang, Sulu.[223][224] Police identified the leaders of the group behind the abduction as Alhabsy Misaya, Alden Bagade and Angah Adji. On November 8, Thien Nyuk Fun, the seafood restaurant owner, was released after payment of 30 million pesos ($US675,000) ransom.[225][226] The initial agreement of 30 million pesos was reportedly for both hostages; however, a faction within the Abu Sayyaf Group demanded more after Thien Nyuk Fun was released. Further negotiations broke down and the other hostage, electrical engineer Bernard Then, was beheaded on Jolo Island on November 17.[227][228][229][230]

Philippines and Malaysia waters

2014 German sailors kidnapping

In April 2014, Germans Dr. Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen were captured on their yacht on the high seas near Borneo. Abu Sayyaf threatened to behead one of them. After payment of $US5.6 million in October 2014, the pair were released in Patikul, Sulu.[97]

2016 Local and foreign sailors kidnappings

On March 26, 2016, ten Indonesian seafarers were held hostage by ASG operating in Sulu Archipelago. They were abducted from the Brahma 12 tugboat and the Anand 12 barge[100] near Tawi-Tawi province.[231] The Indonesian vessels were freighting coal from South Borneo heading for Batangas port when hijacked. In April, the Indonesian government announced that the company that owned tugboat Brahma 12 had agreed to pay the 50-million-peso ($1 million) ransom.[100] On May 2, they were released.[232]

On April 1, four Malaysian sailors aboard a tugboat from Manila were kidnapped when they arrived near the shore of Ligitan Island. Their companions, three Myanmar nationals and two Indonesians, were unharmed.[233] On June 8, they were released.[234]

On April 15, four Indonesian sailors were kidnapped when two Indonesian tugboats from Cebu, Henry and Cristi, were attacked by Abu Sayyaf militants. While five of the passengers were safe, one was shot before he was rescued.[235] They were released on May 11.[236] A group of concerned Filipinos in Sabah urged Philippine president-elect Rodrigo Duterte to intervene for the release of four Malaysians held hostage by Abu Sayyaf. The issue strained the relationship between the Philippines and Malaysia.[237]

On June 21, seven Indonesian sailors were kidnapped while aboard a tugboat passing through the Sulu Archipelago.[238]

On July 9, three Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped near the coast of Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia[239] and released on September 17.[240]

On July 18, five Malaysian sailors were abducted near the coast of Lahad Datu.[241]

On August 3, an Indonesian sailor was kidnapped in the waters of Malaysia leaving two other crew members unharmed. This incident was reported by victims on August 5.[242] Two of the hostages managed to escape after receiving persistent threats of beheading.[243]

On September 10, three Filipino fishermen were kidnapped on the shores of Pom Pom Island.[244]

On September 22, another Indonesian hostage was released.[245]

On September 27, one Malaysian boat-skipper was kidnapped from his trawler by seven armed militants before the group attacked another Indonesian trawler; however, no kidnappings were committed in the second incident.[246] The hostage was released on October 1, with no ransom demand,[247] along with three Indonesians hostages who were released the same day.[248]

On October 21, approximately ten Abu Sayyaf militants attacked a South Korean-bound vessel named MV Dongbang Gian and abducted a South Korean skipper and a Filipino crewman off Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.[249]

On November 5, German sailor Sabine Merz was shot dead while her husband Jürgen Kantner was abducted from their yacht off Tanjong Luuk Pisuk in Sabah. On or before February 27, 2017, Kantner was beheaded after a ransom of 30 million pesos ($US600,000) was not paid.[250][251][252]

On November 11, Vietnamese vessel MV Royale 16 with nineteen sailors on board was attacked by Abu Sayyaf near Basilan, abducting six sailors and injuring one. The remaining thirteen sailors were released.[253]

On November 20, two Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped by five gunmen off Lahad Datu.[254]

Due to the increase of attacks against foreign vessels by Abu Sayyaf, the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines agreed to jointly patrol their waters on May 5, 2016.[255] The three countries formed another agreement on joint air patrols.[256]

During the first six months of 2016, Abu Sayyaf made $7.3 million, equivalent to Php 353 million, from ransom payoffs.[257]

Beheadings

Main article: Abu Sayyaf beheading incidents

As part of its kidnap-for-ransom operations, the Abu Sayyaf has executed some of their male hostages if ransom demands were not met.[258] The group had previously beheaded Christian civilians and others they consider kafir without demanding ransoms for their release, due to their religious affiliation.[259][260]

Bombings

2004 Superferry 14 Bombing

Main article: Superferry 14

Superferry 14 was a large ferry destroyed by a bomb on February 27, 2004, killing 116 people in the Philippines' worst terrorist attack and the world's deadliest terrorist attack at sea.[28] On that day, the 10,192 ton ferry sailed out of Manila with about 900 passengers and crew on board. A television set filled with 8 lb. (4 kilograms) of TNT had been placed on board. 90 minutes out of port, the bomb exploded. 63 people were killed instantly and 53 were missing and presumed dead. Despite claims from terrorist groups, the blast was initially thought to have been an accident caused by a gas explosion. However, after divers righted the ferry five months after it had sunk, they found evidence of a bomb blast. A man called Redendo Cain Dellosa admitted to planting the bomb for Abu Sayyaf.[261] Six suspects were arrested in connection with the bombing while the masterminds, Khadaffy Janjalani and Abu Sulaiman, were killed.[262]

2016 Davao City bombing

Main article: 2016 Davao City bombing

On September 2, 2016, an explosion occurred at a night market in Davao City, Philippines killing at least 15 and injuring 70.[263][264] Shortly before the bombing, Abu Sayyaf made a threat following the intensified military operation against them.[265][266][267][268] Abu Sayyaf spokesperson Abu Rami was reported to claim responsibility.[269] He later denied the report and any involvement, saying a group allied to them; the Daulat Ul-Islamiya were responsible.[270] Although the Abu Sayyaf spokesman denied involvement, the Philippine government blame the group.

This is not the first time that Davao has been sacrificed to the altar of violence. It's always connected with Abu Sayyaf before. They gave a warning. We know that.[271]

— Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines

2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings

Main article: 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings

On January 27, 2019, two bombs detonated at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo town which is the center of Abu Sayyaf stronghold.[8] The bombings resulting to eighteen people were killed while 82 others were injured, mostly from Philippine Army's 35th Battalion and civilians inside the church.[272] The Philippine military said the Abu Sayyaf under the faction of Ajang-Ajang are responsible which is also echoed by peace advocate with evidence from military intelligence operatives that they have intercepted plans of the latter to bomb the other parts of downtown Jolo months before.[273][274] The bombings took place a week after a referendum for the creation of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region with the attacks is described as the opposition by the Abu Sayyaf group for their areas inclusion under the Bangsamoro authorities since the whole Sulu province itself is already known to be against the referendum with 163,526 oppose votes (54.3%).[275]

Criticism of attacks against civilians

Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Qatar denounced the kidnappings and killings committed by Abu Sayyaf, asserting that they are not part of the dispute between the Abu Sayyaf and the Philippine government. He stated that it is shameful to commit such acts in the name of the Islamic faith, saying that such acts produce backlash against Islam and Muslims.[276] During the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) condemned the kidnapping and offered to help secure their release. OIC Secretary General Azeddine Laraki, told the Philippine government he was prepared to send an envoy to help save the hostages and issued a statement condemning the rebels. "The Secretary General has pointed out that this operation and the like are rejected by divine laws and that they are neither the appropriate nor correct means to resolve conflicts", the statement said.[276]

The terrorism against civilians committed were condemned by MNLF and MILF, who said that Abu Sayyaf strayed from their real paths of struggle, with MILF labeling Abu Sayyaf as "anti-Islam" soon after Ridsdel's beheading in 2016.[23] MNLF described the group as "causing chaos to their community".[277] Both Christian and Muslim groups in the Philippines condemned Abu Sayyaf beheadings.[278]

The kidnappings were criticized by Indonesia.[279] On July 14, 2016, a group of Indonesian protesters gathered in front of the Philippine Embassy in Jakarta, holding banners that read "Go to hell Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" and "Destroy the Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" due to what was seen as the lack of action from the Philippine government.[280][281] The group demanded a large scale military operation to destroy the Abu Sayyaf, with the Indonesian military proposing to send its forces to the Philippines prior to the protest, only to be rejected by the Philippine government on constitutional grounds.[280][281][282]

Military operations

The Philippine military has engaged Abu Sayyaf since the 1990s.[283][284] Under President Duterte, the Philippine government sought a peace agreement with the MNLF and MILF, but not the "bunch of criminals" in Abu Sayyaf.[285] The Philippine military intensified operations in 2003, following the arrest of a Filipino-American who was alleged to have sold illegal weapons to the group. The suspect was tagged by US authorities as "one of the United States' most wanted fugitives". He was then deported by the Philippine government to face legal action in the United States.[286]

On July 29, 2016, the military gained control of an Abu Sayyaf stronghold in Tipo-Tipo. The Philippine military pledged to eliminate Abu Sayyaf.[265][287] On August 25, President Duterte ordered the group to be "destroyed" after it beheaded a teenager.[265] Following the incident, the Philippine military sent thousands of troops to fight and destroy Abu Sayyaf.[268] Filipino Army Major Filemon Tan said, "The order of the president is to search and destroy the Abu Sayyaf so that's what we are doing".[288] Both MNLF and MILF began helping to suppress extremism in Mindanao, which helps the peace process for both groups.[22][23][277]

Philippine security forces collaborated with Malaysia and Indonesia to maintain security in the Sulu Sea.[289][290] The Indonesian government proposed to station army units in Mindanao to launch a major offensive against Abu Sayyaf.[291] The Indonesian government called on the Malaysian and Philippine armies to launch combined land attacks together on Mindanao, while at the same time urging the Philippine government to allow Indonesia and Malaysia military forces to enter Philippine territory.[292][293] The Vietnamese military started to hold military exercises against Abu Sayyaf (known locally as "pirates" by the Vietnamese) following the repeat kidnappings of Malaysian and Indonesian sailors.[294] The Philippine military provided one battalion to go against each subgroup.[295] On September 9, following the meeting between President Duterte and Indonesian President Joko Widodo, an agreement was reached to pursue the Abu Sayyaf. The Philippine President said in a statement:

We agreed to encourage the earliest and effective implementation of cooperative frameworks to address security issues in maritime areas of common concern. We expressed commitment to take all necessary measures to ensure security in the Sulu Sea and maritime areas of common concern. There will be some interdiction by their armed forces and our armed forces and that is not really a warning but just a statement that we have decided to end this problem once and for all. Unlike the previous agreement with our neighbours, this time we will allow our neighbours to chase ships and pursue them even when they are in Philippine waters – "until such time that there is a competent Philippine authority who will take over in the chase. Maybe what's in my mind really is the hot pursuit and if the hot pursuit is done in the high seas, in the international waters, they can and they can even arrest or destroy them if they present a violent resistance". Malaysia will also be involved in this co-operation.[296]

— Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines

However, the government of Indonesia decided to not launch a military operation in the southern Philippines, stating that there is enough Philippine military personnel had been deployed. Indonesia's view was seconded by Malaysia.[297] Philippine military chief Ricardo Visaya warned the Abu Sayyaf that they would continue with further major military operations. The military chief gave notice to Abu Sayyaf members to surrender or be "neutralised", (killed or apprehended).[298]

Some 20 Abu Sayyaf surrendered in Sumisip on September 22.[299] The day before, Philippine armed forces confiscated 200 speedboats used by the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and Zamboanga.[300] President Duterte rejected a proposal by Nur Misuari, the leader of MNLF to include Abu Sayyaf in peace talks.[301] On September 27, another attempt to smuggle weapons to Abu Sayyaf was prevented by the Philippine National Police in San Juan City. Four people were arrested.[302] By October 14, the Philippine military had launched 579 military operations, 426 of which were focused to "neutralise" group members. 54 engagements resulted in 56 Abu Sayyaf members killed, 21 surrendered and 17 arrested.[303][304]

Abu Sayyaf fatalities then increased to 102, with seven more apprehended. Notable Abu Sayyaf leaders were killed, including Nelson Muktadil, Braun Muktadil, their sub-leader Mohammad Said, Jamiri Jawhari, Musanna Jamiri, the group spokesman Abu Rami and Alhabsy Misaya.[305][306][307] In addition, another 165 fast boats used for transport and kidnapping activities were confiscated.[307] By April 13, 2017, 50 more ASG members had surrendered.[305] In the same month, Philippine authorities discovered the presence of militants from Indonesia and Malaysia killed during the ongoing operations[308] (notable foreigners such as Sanusi, Zulkifli Abdhir, Ibrahim Ali, Mohd Najib Husen and Mohisen were among the dead)[309][310][311][312][313] as well the presence of a "traitor" among their security members when a top policewoman was caught for her ties with the group.[314] Indonesia admitted the presence of its citizens who came from North Sulawesi and said they could not prevent them from joining, given the lack of security on their borders.[315][316] Malaysia discovered that militants were using Sabah as a transit point.[317][318] The two pledged to prevent cross-border terrorism and curb the activities of militants[319][320]

Early on November 26, 2016, Duterte stated that he would open peace talks with Abu Sayyaf group (as he did with the MNLF and MILF by offering federalism as a possible solution)[321] while continuing to fight against the Maute group,[322] a move criticized by Philippine analysts as it would be used by extreme rebels to claim for legitimacy as a group.[323] In a statement, the President said:

I can bomb more if I want to. At the end of the day, what can I say to the Filipino? That we have wiped out almost all of our Yakan, Sama, Tausūg brothers? Even those not connected with the violence now? Either we talk, if you want autonomy or if you want something else, federalism, I am ready. I am committed to (a) federalism set-up to appease the Moro.[321][324]

His statements were criticized by national media as leading to confusion about whether he wanted peace talks.[325] Another IS-linked group, the Maute emerged in 2016.[326] On December 7, Duterte told the Indonesian and Malaysian leaders that "they can bomb the Abu Sayyaf along with the hostages if the Abu Sayyaf continue to present persistent threats and the hostages should already know that there is repeated warnings to not go there".[327] In early 2019, Duterte emphatically stated that he would never initiate or agree to any peace talks with Abu Sayyaf due to his detestation for the group's record of atrocities and its treatment of innocent people as young as 8 years old.[328]

In the aftermath of the 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings, President Duterte ordered an "All-Out-War" directive against the Abu Sayyaf Group, which led to heavy ground operations, massive airstrikes, artillery bombardment in surrounding areas, the evacuation of civilian in other areas, and the creation of the 11th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army.[329][330][331]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Killed on December 8, 1998
  2. ^ Killed on September 4, 2006
  3. ^ Killed on January 16, 2007
  4. ^ Killed on October 16, 2017

References

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  3. ^ rewardsforjustice.net February 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
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  5. ^ . InterAksyon.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015.
  6. ^ Islamic State's Rumiyah, Issue 10, Page 37
  7. ^ Banlaoi, Rommel (2019). Al-Harakatul Al-Islamiyyah: Essays on the Abu Sayyaf Gorup, Terrorism in the Philippines from Al-Qaeda to ISIS (4th ed.). Quezon City Philippines: Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research. p. 215. OCLC 828628004. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abu Sayyaf.

July 15, 2023
sayyaf, this, article, about, filipino, islamist, group, individuals, known, other, uses, disambiguation, ɑː, ɑː, ɑː, listen, arabic, جماعة, أبو, سياف, jamāʿat, abū, sayyāf, officially, known, islamic, state, islamic, state, east, asia, province, jihadist, mil. This article is about the Filipino Islamist group For individuals known as Abu Sayyaf and other uses see Abu Sayyaf disambiguation Abu Sayyaf ˈ ɑː b uː s ɑː ˈ j ɑː f listen Arabic جماعة أبو سياف Jamaʿat Abu Sayyaf ASG 25 officially known by the Islamic State as the Islamic State East Asia Province 26 is a Jihadist militant and pirate group that follows the Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam It is based in and around Jolo and Basilan islands in the southwestern part of the Philippines where for more than four decades Moro groups have been engaged in an insurgency seeking to make Moro Province independent The group is considered violent 27 and was responsible for the Philippines worst terrorist attack the bombing of MV Superferry 14 in 2004 which killed 116 people 28 The name of the group is derived from the Arabic abu Arabic أبو father of and sayyaf Arabic سي اف swordsmith 29 As of June 2021 update the group is estimated to have less than 50 members 9 down from 1 250 in 2000 30 They use mostly improvised explosive devices mortars and automatic rifles Abu SayyafThe logo of ISIL which was adopted by Abu SayyafLeadersAbdurajak Abubakar Janjalani a Khadaffy Janjalani b Jainal Antel Sali Jr c Isnilon Hapilon d 1 2 Radullan Sahiron 3 4 Mahmur Japuri 5 Hajan Sawadjaan Abu Abdillah al Muhajir 6 Dates of operation1989 7 presentGroup s Ajang Ajang groupHeadquartersJolo Sulu Philippines 8 Active regionsPhilippines MalaysiaIdeologyIslamic StatismSize 50 members June 2021 est 9 20 members April 2023 est 10 Part of Islamic StateAllies14K Triad 11 Maute group defunct al Qaeda formerly Opponents Philippines 12 Other combatants Australia 13 Cambodia Canada 14 Federated States of Micronesia Fiji France Indonesia 15 Japan 16 Kiribati Malaysia 17 Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands South Korea Taiwan Thailand Tonga Tuvalu United Kingdom 18 United States 19 Vanuatu Vietnam 20 21 Moro National Liberation Front 22 Moro Islamic Liberation Front 23 Jemaah Islamiyah 24 Battles and warsMoro conflict Cross border attacks in Sabah War on Terror South Thailand insurgencySince its inception in 1989 the group has carried out bombings kidnappings assassinations and extortion 31 They have been involved in criminal activities including rape child sexual assault forced marriage 32 drive by shootings and drug trafficking 33 The goals of the group appear to have alternated over time between criminal objectives and a more ideological intent 34 The group has been designated as a terrorist group by Australia 13 Canada 14 Indonesia 15 Japan 16 Malaysia 17 the Philippines 12 the United Arab Emirates the United Kingdom 18 and the United States 19 35 From January 15 2002 to February 24 2015 36 fighting Abu Sayyaf became a mission of the American military s Operation Enduring Freedom and part of the Global War on Terrorism 37 38 Several hundred United States soldiers were stationed in the area to mainly train local forces in counter terror and counterguerrilla operations but following a status of forces agreement and under Philippine law they were not allowed to engage in direct combat 39 40 41 42 The group was founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and led after his death in 1998 by his younger brother Khadaffy Janjalani until his death in 2006 On July 23 2014 Isnilon Hapilon one of the group s leaders swore an oath of loyalty to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi the leader of the Islamic State IS 1 In September 2014 the group began kidnapping people for ransom in the name of the IS 43 44 Contents 1 Background and history 1 1 Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani leadership 1989 1998 1 2 Khadaffy Janjalani leadership 1999 2007 1 3 2010 present 2 Supporters and funding 2 1 Funding 3 Motivation beliefs targets 3 1 Targets 4 Crimes and terrorism 4 1 Kidnappings 4 1 1 In the Philippines 4 1 1 1 Journalists abducted since 2000 4 1 1 2 Jeffrey Schilling 4 1 1 3 Martin and Gracia Burnham 4 1 1 4 2007 Father Bossi kidnapping 4 1 1 5 2009 Red Cross kidnapping 4 1 1 6 2009 Irish priest kidnapping 4 1 1 7 2010 Japanese treasure hunter 4 1 1 8 2011 Malaysian gecko trader 4 1 1 9 2011 Indian national kidnapping 4 1 1 10 Warren Rodwell 4 1 1 10 1 Arrests and killings 4 1 1 11 2012 European bird watchers 4 1 1 12 2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim Kidnapping 4 1 1 13 2014 Kabasalan ZSP kidnapping 4 1 1 14 2015 Roseller Lim ZSP kidnapping 4 1 1 15 2015 Samal Island kidnappings 4 1 1 16 2015 Dipolog kidnapping 4 1 2 2019 Tukuran kidnapping 4 1 3 In Malaysia 4 1 3 1 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 4 1 3 2 2013 Pom Pom kidnappings 4 1 3 3 2014 Singamata Baik Island and Kampung Air Sapang kidnappings 4 1 3 4 2015 Ocean King Restaurant kidnappings 4 1 4 Philippines and Malaysia waters 4 1 4 1 2014 German sailors kidnapping 4 1 4 2 2016 Local and foreign sailors kidnappings 4 2 Beheadings 4 3 Bombings 4 3 1 2004 Superferry 14 Bombing 4 3 2 2016 Davao City bombing 4 3 3 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings 5 Criticism of attacks against civilians 6 Military operations 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksBackground and historyIn the early 1970s the Moro National Liberation Front MNLF was the main Muslim rebel group fighting in Basilan and Mindanao 35 Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani the older brother of Khadaffy Janjalani had been a teacher from Basilan who studied Islamic theology and Arabic in Libya Syria and Saudi Arabia during the 1980s 45 46 Abdurajak went to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviet Union and the Afghan government during the Soviet Afghan War During that period he was alleged to have met Osama bin Laden and been given 6 million to establish a more Islamic group drawn from the MNLF 47 Both Abdurajak Abubakar and Khadaffy were natives of Isabela City one of the poorest cities of the Philippines and capital of Basilan 48 Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani leadership 1989 1998 In the early 1990s the MNLF moderated into governing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao becoming the ruling government in majority Muslim areas of Mindanao in 1996 When Abdurajak returned to Basilan in 1990 he gathered radical members of the old MNLF who wanted to resume armed struggle and in 1991 established the Abu Sayyaf 35 Janjalani was funded by a Saudi Islamist Mohammed Jamal Khalifa who came to the Philippines in 1987 or 1988 and was head of the Philippine branch of the International Islamic Relief Organization foundation A defector from Abu Sayyaf told Filipino authorities The IIRO was behind the construction of Mosques school buildings and other livelihood projects but only in areas penetrated highly influenced and controlled by the Abu Sayyaf According to the defector Only 10 to 30 of the foreign funding goes to the legitimate relief and livelihood projects and the rest go to terrorist operations 49 50 51 52 Khalifa married a local woman Alice Jameelah Yabo 53 By 1995 Abu Sayyaf was active in large scale bombings and attacks The first attack was the assault on the town of Ipil Zamboanga del Sur in April 1995 This year marked the escape of 20 year old Khadaffy Janjalani from Camp Crame in Manila along with another member named Jovenal Bruno On December 18 1998 Abdurajak was killed in a gun battle with the Philippine National Police in Basilan 54 He was thought to have been about 39 46 The death of Aburajak marked a turning point in Abu Sayyaf operations The group shifted to kidnappings murders and robberies under his younger brother Khadaffy The Sulu Archipelago experienced some of the fiercest fights between government troops and Abu Sayyaf through the early 1990s It was reported that Abu Sayyaf began expanding into neighboring Malaysia and Indonesia by that time 45 Khadaffy Janjalani leadership 1999 2007 Until his death in a gun battle on September 4 2006 Khaddafy Janjalani was considered the nominal leader of the group by the Armed Forces of the Philippines Then 23 year old Khadaffy took leadership of one of the Abu Sayyaf s factions in an internecine struggle 54 55 He then worked to consolidate his leadership causing the group to appear inactive for a period After his leadership was secured Abu Sayyaf began a new strategy taking hostages The group s motive for kidnapping became more financial than religious during this period according to locals Hostage money probably provides the group s financing 47 Photograph of Jainal Antel Sali Jr in 2006 Sali was later killed during a heavy gunfight with the Philippine authorities in 2007 56 Abu Sayyaf expanded its operations to Malaysia in 2000 when it abducted foreigners from two resorts This action was condemned by most Islamic leaders It was responsible for the kidnapping and murder of more than 30 foreigners and Christian clerics and workers including Martin and Gracia Burnham 57 58 An influential commander named Abu Sabaya was killed at sea in June 2002 while trying to evade local forces 59 His death was considered a crucial turning point for the group as the number of operatives working for Abu Sayyaf sharply decreased from 1 100 in 2001 to 450 in late 2002 and had since been stagnant for the next ten years 60 Ghalib Andang alias Commander Robot one of the group s leaders was captured in Sulu in December 2003 54 57 61 62 On 14 March 2005 inmates from the Abu Sayyaf Group rioted inside Camp Bagong Diwa in Taguig in an apparent escape attempt and barricaded the second floor of the building leading to a standoff which ended the next day when government forces stormed the prison 24 Abu Sayyaf members including Commanders Robot Kosovo Alhamser Limbong and Global Nadjmi Sabdullah were killed along with three prison guards and a police officer 63 An explosion at a military base in Jolo on February 18 2006 was blamed on the group by Brig General Alexander Aleo 64 Khadaffy was indicted in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia for his alleged involvement in terrorist attacks including hostage taking and murder against United States nationals and other foreign nationals 65 Consequently on February 24 2006 Khadaffy was among six fugitives in the second and most recent group of indicted fugitives to be added to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list along with two fellow members Isnilon Totoni Hapilon and Jainal Antel Sali Jr 66 67 Isnilon Totoni Hapilon one of the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists was an Abu Sayyaf member until he was killed by the Philippine Army during the battle of Marawi 68 on October 16 2017 69 On December 13 2006 it was reported that Abu Sayyaf members may have been planning attacks during the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN summit in the Philippines The group was reported to have trained alongside Jemaah Islamiyah militants The plot was reported to have involved detonating a car bomb in Cebu City where the summit was to take place 70 On December 27 the Philippine military reported that Khaddafi s remains had been recovered near Patikul in Jolo and that DNA tests had been ordered to confirm the discovery He was allegedly shot in the neck in an encounter with government troops in September on Luba Hills in Patikul Sulu 2010 present In a video published in the summer of 2014 senior Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon and other masked men swore their allegiance or bay ah to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi the Islamic State IS caliph We pledge to obey him on anything which our hearts desire or not and to value him more than anyone else We will not take any emir leader other than him unless we see in him any obvious act of disbelief that could be questioned by Allah in the hereafter 71 For many years prior to this Islamic State s competitor al Qaeda had the support of Abu Sayyaf through various connections 71 Observers were skeptical about whether the pledge would lead to Abu Sayyaf becoming an ISIS outpost in Southeast Asia or was simply a way for the group to take advantage of the newer group s international publicity 71 In May 2017 Hapilon and other members of Abu Sayyaf joined the Islamic extremist Maute Group based in Lanao del Sur during their attempt to seize control of Marawi City and establish an IS caliphate in Mindanao sparking the Battle of Marawi which destroyed much of the city and ended with his killing along with that of Maute leader Omar Maute by government forces in October 72 In August 2020 MNLF chairman Nur Misuari turned in Abu Sayyaf sub commander Anduljihad Idang Susukan to the Philippine National Police four months after Susukan surrendered to Misuari in Davao City 73 74 By 2022 the Islamic State s East Asia Province had absorbed pro IS groups in Indonesia and a few militants in Thailand In the latter country alleged IS members have become involved in the South Thailand insurgency claiming their first attack in Pattani on April 15 2022 75 Supporters and fundingAbdurajak Abubakar Janjalani s first recruits were soldiers of MNLF and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front MILF However both MNLF and MILF deny links with Abu Sayyaf Both officially distance themselves because of its attacks on civilians and its supposed profiteering The Philippine military however has claimed that elements of both groups provide support to Abu Sayyaf The group was originally not thought to receive funding from outside sources but intelligence reports from the United States Indonesia and Australia found intermittent ties to the Indonesian Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist group 76 and the Philippine government considers the Abu Sayyaf to be part of Jemaah Islamiyah 54 The government noted that initial funding for ASG came from al Qaeda through the brother in law of Osama bin Laden Mohammed Jamal Khalifa 54 77 78 79 80 Al Qaeda affiliated terrorist Ramzi Yousef operated in the Philippines in the mid 1990s and trained Abu Sayyaf soldiers 81 The 2002 edition of the United States Department s Patterns of Global Terrorism mention links to Al Qaeda Continuing ties to Islamist groups in the Middle East indicate that al Qaeda may be continuing support 46 82 83 As of mid 2005 Jemaah Islamiyah personnel reportedly had trained about 60 Abu Sayyaf cadres in bomb assembling and detonations 84 85 86 Funding The group obtains most of its financing through kidnap ransom and extortion 44 87 One report estimated its revenues from ransom payments in 2000 were between 10 and 25 million According to the State Department it may receive funding from radical Islamic benefactors in the Middle East and South Asia It was reported that Libya facilitated ransom payments to Abu Sayyaf It was also suggested that Libyan money could possibly be channeled to Abu Sayyaf 88 Russian intelligence agencies connected with Victor Bout s planes reportedly provided Abu Sayyaf with arms 89 90 In 2014 and since kidnapping for ransom has been the primary means of funding 91 The chart below collects events that Abu Sayyaf received ransoms or payments that are euphemistically called board and lodgings 92 The more detailed information can be seen in the Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks Event Hostage s released Ransom demanded US Amount paid US 2011 Kidnapping of an Australian Warren Rodwell 2013 2 million 93 100 000 94 95 2014 Kidnapping of two Germans both 2014 5 6 million 96 for Dr Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen 97 the same as demanded2015 Samal Island kidnappings Kjartan Sekkingstad 2016 16 million for Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel both beheaded and Kjartan Sekkingstad Norway 638 000 98 2015 kidnapping of an Italian Rolando del Torchio 2016 650 000 P29 million 99 the same as demanded2016 Kidnapping of Indonesian sailors all 2016 1 million for ten Indonesian crew on the tugboat Brahma 12 and barge Anand 12 100 the same as demanded2016 Kidnapping of Malaysian sailors all 2016 3 million for Wong Teck Kang Teck Chii Lau Jung Hien and Wong Hung Sing 101 the same as demandedMotivation beliefs targetsFilipino Islamist guerrillas such as Abu Sayyaf have been described as rooted in a distinct class made up of closely knit networks built through the marriage of important families through socioeconomic backgrounds and family structures according to Michael Buehler This tight knit familial structure provides resilience but also limits their growth 71 Commander of the Western Mindanao Command Lieutenant General Rustico Guerrero describes Abu Sayyaf as a local group with a local agenda 71 Two kidnapping victims Martin and Gracia Burnham who were kept in captivity by ASG for over a year gently engaged their captors in theological discussion and found Abu Sayyaf fighters to be unfamiliar with the Qur an They had only a sketchy notion of Islam which they saw as a set of behavioural rules to be violated when it suited them according to author Mark Bowden As holy warriors they were justified in kidnapping killing and stealing Having sex with women captives was justified by their claiming them as wives 102 Unlike MILF and MNLF the group is not recognised by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and according to author Robert East was seen as nothing more than a criminal operation at least prior to 2001 103 A Center for Strategic and International Studies report by Jack Fellman notes the political rather than religious motivation of ASG He quotes Khadaffy s statement that his brother was right to split from MNLF because up to now nothing came out of attempts to gain more autonomy for Moro Muslims This suggests Fellman believes that ASG is merely the latest albeit most violent iteration of Moro political dissatisfaction that has existed for the last several decades 104 Some Abu Sayyaf members are also shabu methamphetamine users as described by surviving hostages who saw Abu Sayyaf members taking shabu as well from military findings who found drug packets in many of the abandoned Abu Sayyaf nests that justified their motivation as extreme criminals and terrorists as their state of mind were under the influence of drugs rather than being consciously fighting for the betterment of their region as well rights to living under their minority religion without any discrimination from the majority Filipinos 105 Its spokesman known as Abu Rami d 2017 106 appeared to lack knowledge of the activities of other members as the group had apparently separated into many small groups with their own leaders 107 Targets Most Abu Sayyaf victims have been Filipinos however in recent years especially from 2011 onwards Australian British Canadian Chinese Dutch French German Indonesian Japanese Korean Malaysian Norwegian Swiss and Vietnamese nationals have been kidnapped or attacked 20 21 Previously Americans were particularly targeted An unnamed ASG spokesman allegedly stated We have been trying hard to get an American because they may think we are afraid of them He added We want to fight the American people 108 In 1993 Abu Sayyaf kidnapped an American Bible translator In 2000 Abu Sayyaf captured an American Muslim and demanded that the United States release Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and Ramzi Yousef who were jailed for their involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City Between March 2016 July 2017 the majority of Abu Sayyaf kidnap for ransom operations shifted to the high seas Seventeen ships were boarded and some sixty five hostages from six countries were taken In total thirty hostages have been released usually after a ransom was paid seven escaped three were rescued by Philippine security forces and four were executed Two others were killed during the attacks while eight seamen escaped during the shipjackings An additional forty seamen were not taken hostage 109 Crimes and terrorismFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Abu Sayyaf attacks Abu Sayyaf has carried out numerous bombings kidnappings assassinations and extortion activities 31 These include the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings the 2001 Dos Palmas kidnappings and the 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing Kidnappings Although the group has engaged in kidnapping hostages to be exchanged for ransom for many years this means of funding grew dramatically beginning in 2014 providing funds for the group s rapid growth 91 In the Philippines Journalists abducted since 2000 ABS CBN s Newsbreak reported that Abu Sayyaf abducted at least 20 journalists from 2000 to 2008 mostly foreign journalists All of them were eventually released upon payment of ransom GMA 7 television reporter Susan Enriquez April 2000 Basilan a few days 10 Foreign journalists 7 German 1 French 1 Australian and 1 Danish in May 2000 Jolo for 10 hours German Andreas Lorenz of the magazine Der Spiegel July 2000 Jolo for 25 days he was also kidnapped in May French television reporter Maryse Burgot and cameraman Jean Jacques Le Garrec and sound technician Roland Madura July 2000 Jolo for 2 months ABS CBN television reporter Maan Macapagal and cameraman Val Cuenca 110 July 2000 Jolo for 4 days 111 Philippine Daily Inquirer contributor and Net 25 television reporter Arlyn de la Cruz January 2002 Zamboanga for 3 months GMA 7 television reporter Carlo Lorenzo and cameraman Gilbert Ordiales September 2002 Jolo for 6 days 112 Filipino Ces Drilon and news cameramen Jimmy Encarnacion and Angelo Valderrama released unharmed after ransom paid June 2008 Maimbung Sulu for 9 days See 2008 Maimbung kidnappings 113 Jordanian TV journalist Baker Atyani and his two Filipino crews were kidnapped in June 2012 by the Abu Sayyaf militants they had sought to interview in the jungles of Sulu province The two crew were freed in February 2013 Al Arabiya News Channel stated that their correspondent Atyani was handed over to the local governor s office on December 4 2013 114 However police and military officials could not ascertain whether Atyani had escaped from his captors or was freed 115 Jeffrey Schilling On August 31 2000 American citizen and Muslim convert Jeffrey Schilling from Oakland California was captured on Jolo while visiting a terrorist camp with his new wife Ivy Osani a cousin of Abu Sabaya one of the rebel leaders whom he had met online ASG demanded a 10 million ransom Rebels also sarcastically threatened to behead him in 2001 as a birthday present to then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who responded by declaring all out war on them The beheading threat was withdrawn after Schilling s mother Carol flew to the Philippines and appealed for mercy on local radio On April 12 2001 Philippine soldiers raided a rebel camp and rescued the American The United States praised the Philippine government for freeing Schilling 116 117 118 Many commentators have been critical of Schilling who claims to have walked willingly into the camp after he was invited by his wife s cousin a member of Abu Sayyaf 119 Schilling was one of more than 40 hostages taken by Abu Sayyaf in 2000 including 21 tourists and workers seized in a raid on Sipadan diving resort in neighboring Malaysia Many of the hostages were released after Libya paid millions of dollars A Libyan official stated that Schilling had visited the Jolo camp often before his capture Philippine intelligence sources say he was interested in selling military equipment to the rebels while the bandits accused him of being a CIA agent Abu Sayyaf threatened several times to kill Schilling At one stage Schilling reportedly went on a hunger strike to win his freedom 116 Martin and Gracia Burnham See also Dos Palmas kidnappings On May 27 2001 an Abu Sayyaf raid kidnapped about 20 people from Dos Palmas an expensive resort in Honda Bay taking them to the north of Puerto Princesa City on the island of Palawan which had been considered completely safe The most valuable hostages were three North Americans Martin and Gracia Burnham a missionary couple and Guillermo Sobero a Peruvian American tourist who was later beheaded following a 1 million ransom demand 120 The hostages and hostage takers then returned to Abu Sayyaf territories in Mindanao 121 122 According to Bowden the leader of the raid was Abu Sabaya According to Gracia Burnham she told her husband to identify his kidnappers to authorities as the Osama bin Laden Group but Burnham was unfamiliar with that name and stuck with Abu Sayyaf After returning to Mindanao Abu Sayyaf conducted numerous raids including one that culminated in the Siege of Lamitan and one at a coconut plantation called Golden Harvest they took about 15 people captive there and later used bolo knives to hack the heads off two men The number of hostages waxed and waned as some were ransomed and released new ones were taken and others were killed 121 123 On June 7 2002 about a year after the raid Philippine army troops conducted a rescue operation in which Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse Ediborah Yap were killed The remaining hostage was wounded and the hostage takers escaped In July 2004 Gracia Burnham testified at a trial of eight Abu Sayyaf members and identified six of the suspects as her captors including Alhamzer Limbong Abdul Azan Diamla Abu Khari Moctar Bas Ishmael Alzen Jandul and Dazid Baize The eight suspects sat silently during her three hour testimony separated from her by a wooden grill They face the death sentence if found guilty of kidnapping for ransom The trial began this year and is not expected to end for several months 124 Alhamzer Limbong was later killed in a prison uprising 125 Burnham claimed that Philippine military officials were colluding with her captors saying that the Armed Forces of the Philippines didn t pursue us As time went on we noticed that they never pursued us 126 2007 Father Bossi kidnapping On June 10 2007 Italian priest Reverend Giancarlo Bossi was kidnapped near Pagadian capital of Zamboanga del Sur Province in the southern Philippines Pope Benedict XVI made an appeal to free him Bossi was released on July 19 2007 at Karumatan a Muslim town in Lanao del Norte Province allegedly after the payment of ransom Father Bossi died in Italy on September 23 2012 127 128 In December 2020 Samad Awang alias Ahmad Jamal of the Abdussalam kidnap for ransom group was killed in a firefight with government troops in Zamboanga City Awang was reportedly involved in the kidnapping of Italian missionary Fr Giancarlo Bossi in 2007 businessman Joel Endino in 2011 and teacher Kathy Kasipong in 2013 129 2009 Red Cross kidnapping On January 15 2009 Abu Sayyaf kidnapped International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC delegates in Patikul Sulu Province Philippines Three ICRC workers had finished conducting fieldwork in Sulu province located in the southwest of the country when they were abducted by an unknown group later confirmed as Albader Parad s group 130 All three were eventually released According to a CNN story Parad was reportedly killed along with five other militants in an assault by Philippine marines in Sulu province on Sunday February 21 2010 2009 Irish priest kidnapping On October 11 2009 Irish Catholic missionary Michael Sinnott aged 79 from Barntown County Wexford was kidnapped from a gated compound in Pagadian the capital of Zamboanga del Sur province suspected to be part of ASG and some renegade members of MILF Six kidnappers forced the priest into a mini van and drove towards Sta Lucia district where they transferred to a boat Sinnott had a heart condition and was without medication when abducted In early November a demand for US2 million ransom was made On November 11 2009 Father Sinnott was released in Zamboanga City The Department of Foreign Affairs Ireland claimed that no ransom was paid by the Irish Government 131 132 133 134 2010 Japanese treasure hunter On July 16 2010 Japanese national Toshio Ito was kidnapped from Pangutaran Sulu At one point the Philippine police believed the treasure hunter a Muslim convert also known by his Muslim name Mamaito Katayama was acting as a cook for Abu Sayyaf however this was disputed by other nations including the United States which included him on its list of kidnap victims A classified document obtained by Rappler lists Ito first saying he was held captive by Abu Sayyaf s most senior leader Radullan Sahiron in Langpas Indanan Sulu early in 2013 135 136 2011 Malaysian gecko trader On May 8 2011 Malaysian gecko trader Mohammad Nasauddin Bin Saidin was kidnapped while hunting for gecko tuko in Indanan Sulu Saidin was freed on May 12 2012 137 2011 Indian national kidnapping On June 22 2011 Indian national Biju Kolara Veetil was captured by four armed men while visiting his wife s relatives on the island of Jolo A 10 million ransom was demanded Veetil later denied that he was released in August 2012 because he had converted to Islam during captivity 138 139 Warren Rodwell Survivor Warren Rodwell 2010 prior to abduction by Abu SayyafWarren Richard Rodwell a former Australian Army soldier and university English teacher 140 was shot through the right hand when seized 141 from his home at Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines on December 5 2011 142 by ASG militants 143 Rodwell later had to have a finger amputated 144 ASG threatened to behead Rodwell 145 if their US2 million ransom demand was not met 146 Both the Australian and Philippine governments had strict policies against paying ransoms 147 Australia formed a multi agency task force to liaise with Rodwell s family and assist Philippine authorities 148 A news blackout was imposed 149 Filipino politicians helped negotiate the release 150 After the payment of AUD94 000 151 for board and lodging expenses 150 by his siblings Rodwell was released on March 23 2013 152 Arrests and killings On June 16 2014 suspects Jimmy Nurilla alias Doc and Bakrin Haris were arrested Both reportedly worked under Basilan based Abu Sayyaf leader Khair Mundos and Furuji Indama 153 Authorities believed Nurilla and Haris took part in the Rodwell kidnapping as well as the separate abduction of US citizen Gerfa Yeatts Lunsman and her son Kevin in 2012 In January 2015 Mindanao Examiner newspaper reported the arrest of Barahama Ali 154 kidnap gang sub leaders linked to the kidnapping of Rodwell who was seized by at least 5 gunmen disguised as policemen and eventually handed over or sold by the kidnappers to the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan province 155 In May 2015 ex Philippine National Police PNP officer Jun A Malban alias Michael Zoo 156 was arrested in Kota Kinabalu Malaysia for the crime of Kidnapping for Ransom after Rodwell identified him as the negotiator spokesperson Further PNP investigation revealed that Malban is the cousin of Abu Sayyaf leaders Khair and Borhan Mundos both of whom were arrested in 2014 157 The director of the Anti Kidnapping Group AKG stated that Malban s arrest resulted from close co ordination by the PNP National Bureau of Investigation Philippines and Presidential Anti Organized Crime Commission with the Malaysian counterparts and through Interpol 158 In January 2018 Rodwell attended a court hearing for Malban and others in Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay pursuant to a Supreme Court petition to transfer his case for security reasons to a court in either Manila or Zamboanga City 159 In August 2015 Edeliza Sumbahon Ulep 160 alias Gina Perez was arrested at Trento Agusan del Sur during a joint manhunt operation by police and military units Ulep was tagged as the ransom courier in the kidnapping 161 In August 2016 The Manila Times reported the arrest of the kidnap for ransom group of Barahama Alih sub leader Hasim Calon alias Husien also a notorious drug dealer in his hideout in Tenan village in Ipil town Hasim Calon was involved in Rodwell s abduction Earlier in 2016 police forces killed Waning Abdulsalam a former MILF leader in the village of Singkilon Abdulsalam was one of the most wanted criminals in the southern Philippines and connected to ASG He was linked to the kidnappings of Rodwell in 2011 Irish missionary Michael Sinnott in 2009 in Pagadian City and Italian Catholic priest Giancarlo Bossi in Zamboanga del Sur s Payao town in 2007 156 In March 2019 combined security forces of the 44th Infantry Battalion Philippine National Police Philippine Drugs Enforcement Agency National Bureau of Investigation and Philippine Coast Guard arrested five members Benhazer Anduhol Solaiman Calonof Nicanel Maningo Jay ar Abba Quartocruz and Hashim Lucas Samdani of Barahama Alih criminal gang during drug operations with warrants in Barangay Tenan of Ipil town Zamboanga Sibugay Military sources allege Barahama Alih Group was responsible for a number of kidnapping incidents in previous years including the abduction of Australian national Warren Rodwell Italian priest Giancarlo Bossi and some local Filipinos 162 In February 2018 Abu Sayyaf sub commander Nurhassan Jamiri was reported by Malaysia regional intelligence sources as one of three gunmen killed in a gunfight with police in Sabah Jamiri was atop the Philippines most wanted list and implicated in dozens of ransom kidnappings including Rodwell 163 164 In March 2018 Jamiri turned up alive when he and thirteen followers surrendered to authorities in Basilan Over the preceding two years many Abu Sayyaf bandits had surrendered to authorities in Basilan Sulu and Tawi Tawi More were expected to yield because of the regional government s Program Against Violence and Extremism PAVE designed to provide opportunities and interventions including psychosocial sessions medical check ups introduction to farming systems and expository tours outside the island provinces to facilitate the reintegration of former combatants into society 165 In April 2018 Rodwell lauded the surrenders and reintegration program but said he would not interfere with the legal processing of any charges already filed against anyone involved with his own kidnapping 166 In June 2020 Inquirer newspaper reported the killing of Mamay Aburi by government troops in Titay Zamboanga Sibugay after authorities attended to serve a warrant of arrest Aburi was allegedly a subleader of a kidnap for ransom group and had been linked with the Abu Sayyaf Group based in Sulu The provincial director of the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group CIDG said Aburi was involved in the 2011 kidnapping of Australian national Warren Rodwell and the 2019 abduction of the Hyrons couple in Tukuran Zamboanga del Sur 167 In February 2021 The Manila Times reported that Abu Sayyaf subleader Arrasid Halissam was shot dead when he opened fire on police serving a warrant on him in the village of Santa Maria Zamboanga City Halissam was linked to numerous kidnappings such as Australian adventurer Warren Rodwell Americans Gerfa Lunsmann and son Kevin Chinese Yuan Lin Kai and Jian Luo South Korean Nwi Seong Hong and almost a dozen Filipinos Halissam was also allegedly involved in the 2015 bombing in Zamboanga that killed two people and injured over fifty others 168 2012 European bird watchers On February 1 2012 two European bird watchers were seized on Tawi Tawi island Swiss Lorenzo Vinciguerra escaped in December 2014 as government troops attacked the jungle camp where he was captive on the island of Jolo Vinciguerra was shot by rebels as he escaped however his injuries were non life threatening 169 Dutch captive Ewold Horn was reportedly unable to escape The whereabouts of Horn remained unknown 170 On May 31 2019 Western Mindanao Command confirmed that Horn was shot dead during a clash with military in Patikul Sulu Additionally the military advised that the wife of ASG leader Radulan Sahiron and five other ASG members were also killed 171 172 2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim Kidnapping On April 2 2012 Mayor Jeffrey Lim of Salug Zamboanga del Norte was kidnapped by ten armed men disguised as policemen Lim was reportedly handed over to Abu Sayyaf On November 6 he was freed near Zamboanga City after payment of P1 3M US25 000 ransom On August 9 2013 a Mindanao Pagadian Frontline report named a Sehar Muloc aka Red Eye as a suspect in the 2012 kidnapping of Mayor Jeffrey Lim 173 174 Abner Gumandol alias Sehar Muloc and Red Eye was said to be the leader of a criminal syndicate called the Muloc Group Gumandol was arrested on June 12 2016 175 2014 Kabasalan ZSP kidnapping On September 11 2014 Chinese national Li Pei Zhei was abducted by four gunmen in Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay and taken to Basilan He was released in Sitio Lugay Lugay Barangay Naga Naga Alicia Zamboanga Sibugay on November 5 2014 176 Police subsequently charged Ibni Basaludin Yug Enriquez Brahama Ali and Ging Ging Calon all residents of Barangay Tenan Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay with kidnapping with serious illegal detention 177 2015 Roseller Lim ZSP kidnapping On January 24 2015 Korean national Nwi Seong Hong was abducted by armed men in Roseller Lim Zamboanga Sibugay Province The victim s son Abby escaped after he fought off the kidnappers 178 According to intelligence information from the JTG SULU the captors of were Algabsy Misaya Idang Susukan Alden Bagade and Mohammad Salud alias Ama Maas Indanan based members led by sub leaders Isang Susukan and Anga Adji 179 180 On October 31 2015 the body of 74 year old Nwi Seong Hong was found in Barangay Bangkal Patikul Sulu Investigators said the victim died due to severe illness 179 2015 Samal Island kidnappings Kjartan Sekkingstad left one of the people kidnapped by the ASG in Samal Island in 2015 meets with President Rodrigo Duterte right after his release from ASG captivity On September 21 2015 Canadians Robert Hall and John Ridsdel as well as Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad and Hall s girlfriend Marites Flor a Filipino woman were abducted on Samal Island near Davao 181 Ridsdel was beheaded by Abu Sayyaf on April 25 2016 following a ransom deadline 182 183 ASG reportedly demanded more than 8 1 million for Ridsdel and the others 184 On May 3 2016 a video of the Ridsdel execution was released along with new demands for the remaining hostages 185 186 A masked captor said Note to the Philippine government and to the Canadian government The lesson is clear John Ridsdel has been beheaded Now there are three remaining captives here If you procrastinate once again the negotiations we will behead this all anytime 187 On May 15 Hall appeared in a new video announcing that he and Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad would be decapitated at 3 pm on Monday June 13 absent a ransom of 16 million Both hostages wore orange coveralls similar to hostages in videos produced by IS to which Abu Sayyaf had previously pledged allegiance 188 The deadline passed Hall was beheaded 189 On June 24 Abu Sayyaf released Filipina Marites Flor She was subsequently flown to Davao to meet President elect Rodrigo Duterte Duterte said he directed negotiations with the Abu Sayyaf He did not elaborate 190 On September 17 2016 remaining hostage Norwegian Kjartan Sekkingstad was released on Jolo island Abu Rami an ASG spokesman claimed 638 000 was paid as ransom 98 2015 Dipolog kidnapping On October 7 2015 Italian national and pizza restaurant owner Rolando del Torchio was kidnapped in Dipolog the capital of Zamboanga del Norte On April 8 2016 Del Torchio was released and found at Jolo port aboard MV KC Beatrice bound for Zamboanga City after his family paid P29 million US650 000 in ransom 99 191 2019 Tukuran kidnapping On October 4 2019 armed men abducted British national Allan Hyrons and his Filipino wife Wilma from their beach resort in Tukuran town Zamboanga del Sur province on the southern island of Mindanao After a brief exchange of gunfire in November between Abu Sayyaf and Philippine troops on the island of Jolo the couple was abandoned and rescued No ransom was reportedly paid 192 193 In Malaysia See also Cross border attacks in Sabah 2000 Sipadan kidnappings Main article 2000 Sipadan kidnappings On May 3 2000 Abu Sayyaf guerrillas occupied the Malaysian dive resort island Sipadan and took 21 hostages including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers 19 foreign nationals in total The hostages were taken to an Abu Sayyaf base in Jolo 194 Two Muslim Malaysians were released soon after Abu Sayyaf made various demands for the release of several prisoners including 1993 World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and 2 4 million In July a Filipino television evangelist and 12 of members of the Jesus Miracle Crusade Church offered their help and went as mediators for the relief of other hostages 195 They three French television crew members and a German journalist all visiting Abu Sayyaf on Jolo were also taken hostage 196 Most hostages were released in August and September 2000 partly due to mediation by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and an offer of 25 million in development aid 197 Abu Sayyaf conducted a second raid on the island of Pandanan near Sipadan on September 10 and seized three more Malaysians 198 The Philippine army launched a major offensive on September 16 2000 rescuing all remaining hostages except Filipino dive instructor Roland Ullah He was freed in 2003 194 Abu Sayyaf coordinated with the Chinese 14K Triad gang in carrying out the kidnappings The 14K Triad has militarily supported Abu Sayyaf 11 2013 Pom Pom kidnappings On November 15 2013 Abu Sayyaf militants raided a resort on the Malaysian island of Pom Pom 199 200 During the ambush Taiwanese citizen Chang An wei was kidnapped and her husband Hsu Li min was killed 201 Chang was taken to the Sulu Archipelago 199 Chang was freed in Sulu Province and returned to Taiwan on December 21 202 203 204 2014 Singamata Baik Island and Kampung Air Sapang kidnappings On April 2 2014 a kidnap gang believed to originate from Abu Sayyaf militants raided Singamata Reef Resort off Semporna 205 206 Chinese tourist Gao Huayun from Shanghai and Filipino resort worker Marcy Dayawan were abducted and taken to the Sulu Archipelago 205 207 The two hostages were later rescued after a collaboration between Malaysian and Philippines security forces 208 209 On May 6 five Abu Sayyaf gunmen raided a Malaysian fish farm on Baik Island Sabah kidnapped the fish farm manager and took him to Jolo island 210 211 He was freed in July with the help of Malaysian negotiators 212 On June 16 two gunmen believed to be from Abu Sayyaf kidnapped a Chinese fish farm manager and one Filipino worker in Kampung Air Sapang 213 214 The worker managed to escape and disappeared 215 216 Meanwhile the fish farm manager was taken to Jolo 217 He was released on December 10 218 Malaysian authorities identified five Filipinos the Muktadil brothers as responsible for these cases They sold their hostages to the Abu Sayyaf group 219 Of the five Muktadil brothers Mindas Muktadil was killed by Philippine police in May 2015 Kadafi Muktadil was arrested in late 2015 Nixon Muktadil and Brown Muktadil were killed by the Philippine military on September 27 2016 after they resisted arrest 220 221 while Badong Muktadil succumbed to his injuries while fleeing after he was shot when his brothers was killed His body was discovered in a pump boat in Mususiasi 222 2015 Ocean King Restaurant kidnappings On May 15 2015 four armed Abu Sayyaf members kidnapped two Malaysian nationals from Ocean King Restaurant in an upscale resort in Sandakan Sabah and took them to Parang Sulu 223 224 Police identified the leaders of the group behind the abduction as Alhabsy Misaya Alden Bagade and Angah Adji On November 8 Thien Nyuk Fun the seafood restaurant owner was released after payment of 30 million pesos US675 000 ransom 225 226 The initial agreement of 30 million pesos was reportedly for both hostages however a faction within the Abu Sayyaf Group demanded more after Thien Nyuk Fun was released Further negotiations broke down and the other hostage electrical engineer Bernard Then was beheaded on Jolo Island on November 17 227 228 229 230 Philippines and Malaysia waters 2014 German sailors kidnapping In April 2014 Germans Dr Stefan Viktor Okonek and Henrike Dielen were captured on their yacht on the high seas near Borneo Abu Sayyaf threatened to behead one of them After payment of US5 6 million in October 2014 the pair were released in Patikul Sulu 97 2016 Local and foreign sailors kidnappings On March 26 2016 ten Indonesian seafarers were held hostage by ASG operating in Sulu Archipelago They were abducted from the Brahma 12 tugboat and the Anand 12 barge 100 near Tawi Tawi province 231 The Indonesian vessels were freighting coal from South Borneo heading for Batangas port when hijacked In April the Indonesian government announced that the company that owned tugboat Brahma 12 had agreed to pay the 50 million peso 1 million ransom 100 On May 2 they were released 232 On April 1 four Malaysian sailors aboard a tugboat from Manila were kidnapped when they arrived near the shore of Ligitan Island Their companions three Myanmar nationals and two Indonesians were unharmed 233 On June 8 they were released 234 On April 15 four Indonesian sailors were kidnapped when two Indonesian tugboats from Cebu Henry and Cristi were attacked by Abu Sayyaf militants While five of the passengers were safe one was shot before he was rescued 235 They were released on May 11 236 A group of concerned Filipinos in Sabah urged Philippine president elect Rodrigo Duterte to intervene for the release of four Malaysians held hostage by Abu Sayyaf The issue strained the relationship between the Philippines and Malaysia 237 On June 21 seven Indonesian sailors were kidnapped while aboard a tugboat passing through the Sulu Archipelago 238 On July 9 three Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped near the coast of Lahad Datu Sabah Malaysia 239 and released on September 17 240 On July 18 five Malaysian sailors were abducted near the coast of Lahad Datu 241 On August 3 an Indonesian sailor was kidnapped in the waters of Malaysia leaving two other crew members unharmed This incident was reported by victims on August 5 242 Two of the hostages managed to escape after receiving persistent threats of beheading 243 On September 10 three Filipino fishermen were kidnapped on the shores of Pom Pom Island 244 On September 22 another Indonesian hostage was released 245 On September 27 one Malaysian boat skipper was kidnapped from his trawler by seven armed militants before the group attacked another Indonesian trawler however no kidnappings were committed in the second incident 246 The hostage was released on October 1 with no ransom demand 247 along with three Indonesians hostages who were released the same day 248 On October 21 approximately ten Abu Sayyaf militants attacked a South Korean bound vessel named MV Dongbang Gian and abducted a South Korean skipper and a Filipino crewman off Bongao Tawi Tawi 249 On November 5 German sailor Sabine Merz was shot dead while her husband Jurgen Kantner was abducted from their yacht off Tanjong Luuk Pisuk in Sabah On or before February 27 2017 Kantner was beheaded after a ransom of 30 million pesos US600 000 was not paid 250 251 252 On November 11 Vietnamese vessel MV Royale 16 with nineteen sailors on board was attacked by Abu Sayyaf near Basilan abducting six sailors and injuring one The remaining thirteen sailors were released 253 On November 20 two Indonesian fishermen were kidnapped by five gunmen off Lahad Datu 254 Due to the increase of attacks against foreign vessels by Abu Sayyaf the governments of Indonesia Malaysia and the Philippines agreed to jointly patrol their waters on May 5 2016 255 The three countries formed another agreement on joint air patrols 256 During the first six months of 2016 Abu Sayyaf made 7 3 million equivalent to Php 353 million from ransom payoffs 257 Beheadings Main article Abu Sayyaf beheading incidents As part of its kidnap for ransom operations the Abu Sayyaf has executed some of their male hostages if ransom demands were not met 258 The group had previously beheaded Christian civilians and others they consider kafir without demanding ransoms for their release due to their religious affiliation 259 260 Bombings 2004 Superferry 14 Bombing Main article Superferry 14 Superferry 14 was a large ferry destroyed by a bomb on February 27 2004 killing 116 people in the Philippines worst terrorist attack and the world s deadliest terrorist attack at sea 28 On that day the 10 192 ton ferry sailed out of Manila with about 900 passengers and crew on board A television set filled with 8 lb 4 kilograms of TNT had been placed on board 90 minutes out of port the bomb exploded 63 people were killed instantly and 53 were missing and presumed dead Despite claims from terrorist groups the blast was initially thought to have been an accident caused by a gas explosion However after divers righted the ferry five months after it had sunk they found evidence of a bomb blast A man called Redendo Cain Dellosa admitted to planting the bomb for Abu Sayyaf 261 Six suspects were arrested in connection with the bombing while the masterminds Khadaffy Janjalani and Abu Sulaiman were killed 262 2016 Davao City bombing Main article 2016 Davao City bombing On September 2 2016 an explosion occurred at a night market in Davao City Philippines killing at least 15 and injuring 70 263 264 Shortly before the bombing Abu Sayyaf made a threat following the intensified military operation against them 265 266 267 268 Abu Sayyaf spokesperson Abu Rami was reported to claim responsibility 269 He later denied the report and any involvement saying a group allied to them the Daulat Ul Islamiya were responsible 270 Although the Abu Sayyaf spokesman denied involvement the Philippine government blame the group This is not the first time that Davao has been sacrificed to the altar of violence It s always connected with Abu Sayyaf before They gave a warning We know that 271 Rodrigo Duterte President of the Philippines 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings Main article 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings On January 27 2019 two bombs detonated at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo town which is the center of Abu Sayyaf stronghold 8 The bombings resulting to eighteen people were killed while 82 others were injured mostly from Philippine Army s 35th Battalion and civilians inside the church 272 The Philippine military said the Abu Sayyaf under the faction of Ajang Ajang are responsible which is also echoed by peace advocate with evidence from military intelligence operatives that they have intercepted plans of the latter to bomb the other parts of downtown Jolo months before 273 274 The bombings took place a week after a referendum for the creation of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region with the attacks is described as the opposition by the Abu Sayyaf group for their areas inclusion under the Bangsamoro authorities since the whole Sulu province itself is already known to be against the referendum with 163 526 oppose votes 54 3 275 Criticism of attacks against civiliansSheikh Yusuf al Qaradawi in Qatar denounced the kidnappings and killings committed by Abu Sayyaf asserting that they are not part of the dispute between the Abu Sayyaf and the Philippine government He stated that it is shameful to commit such acts in the name of the Islamic faith saying that such acts produce backlash against Islam and Muslims 276 During the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings the Organization of the Islamic Conference OIC condemned the kidnapping and offered to help secure their release OIC Secretary General Azeddine Laraki told the Philippine government he was prepared to send an envoy to help save the hostages and issued a statement condemning the rebels The Secretary General has pointed out that this operation and the like are rejected by divine laws and that they are neither the appropriate nor correct means to resolve conflicts the statement said 276 The terrorism against civilians committed were condemned by MNLF and MILF who said that Abu Sayyaf strayed from their real paths of struggle with MILF labeling Abu Sayyaf as anti Islam soon after Ridsdel s beheading in 2016 23 MNLF described the group as causing chaos to their community 277 Both Christian and Muslim groups in the Philippines condemned Abu Sayyaf beheadings 278 The kidnappings were criticized by Indonesia 279 On July 14 2016 a group of Indonesian protesters gathered in front of the Philippine Embassy in Jakarta holding banners that read Go to hell Philippines and Abu Sayyaf and Destroy the Philippines and Abu Sayyaf due to what was seen as the lack of action from the Philippine government 280 281 The group demanded a large scale military operation to destroy the Abu Sayyaf with the Indonesian military proposing to send its forces to the Philippines prior to the protest only to be rejected by the Philippine government on constitutional grounds 280 281 282 Military operationsThe Philippine military has engaged Abu Sayyaf since the 1990s 283 284 Under President Duterte the Philippine government sought a peace agreement with the MNLF and MILF but not the bunch of criminals in Abu Sayyaf 285 The Philippine military intensified operations in 2003 following the arrest of a Filipino American who was alleged to have sold illegal weapons to the group The suspect was tagged by US authorities as one of the United States most wanted fugitives He was then deported by the Philippine government to face legal action in the United States 286 On July 29 2016 the military gained control of an Abu Sayyaf stronghold in Tipo Tipo The Philippine military pledged to eliminate Abu Sayyaf 265 287 On August 25 President Duterte ordered the group to be destroyed after it beheaded a teenager 265 Following the incident the Philippine military sent thousands of troops to fight and destroy Abu Sayyaf 268 Filipino Army Major Filemon Tan said The order of the president is to search and destroy the Abu Sayyaf so that s what we are doing 288 Both MNLF and MILF began helping to suppress extremism in Mindanao which helps the peace process for both groups 22 23 277 Philippine security forces collaborated with Malaysia and Indonesia to maintain security in the Sulu Sea 289 290 The Indonesian government proposed to station army units in Mindanao to launch a major offensive against Abu Sayyaf 291 The Indonesian government called on the Malaysian and Philippine armies to launch combined land attacks together on Mindanao while at the same time urging the Philippine government to allow Indonesia and Malaysia military forces to enter Philippine territory 292 293 The Vietnamese military started to hold military exercises against Abu Sayyaf known locally as pirates by the Vietnamese following the repeat kidnappings of Malaysian and Indonesian sailors 294 The Philippine military provided one battalion to go against each subgroup 295 On September 9 following the meeting between President Duterte and Indonesian President Joko Widodo an agreement was reached to pursue the Abu Sayyaf The Philippine President said in a statement We agreed to encourage the earliest and effective implementation of cooperative frameworks to address security issues in maritime areas of common concern We expressed commitment to take all necessary measures to ensure security in the Sulu Sea and maritime areas of common concern There will be some interdiction by their armed forces and our armed forces and that is not really a warning but just a statement that we have decided to end this problem once and for all Unlike the previous agreement with our neighbours this time we will allow our neighbours to chase ships and pursue them even when they are in Philippine waters until such time that there is a competent Philippine authority who will take over in the chase Maybe what s in my mind really is the hot pursuit and if the hot pursuit is done in the high seas in the international waters they can and they can even arrest or destroy them if they present a violent resistance Malaysia will also be involved in this co operation 296 Rodrigo Duterte President of the Philippines However the government of Indonesia decided to not launch a military operation in the southern Philippines stating that there is enough Philippine military personnel had been deployed Indonesia s view was seconded by Malaysia 297 Philippine military chief Ricardo Visaya warned the Abu Sayyaf that they would continue with further major military operations The military chief gave notice to Abu Sayyaf members to surrender or be neutralised killed or apprehended 298 Some 20 Abu Sayyaf surrendered in Sumisip on September 22 299 The day before Philippine armed forces confiscated 200 speedboats used by the Abu Sayyaf in Basilan Sulu Tawi Tawi and Zamboanga 300 President Duterte rejected a proposal by Nur Misuari the leader of MNLF to include Abu Sayyaf in peace talks 301 On September 27 another attempt to smuggle weapons to Abu Sayyaf was prevented by the Philippine National Police in San Juan City Four people were arrested 302 By October 14 the Philippine military had launched 579 military operations 426 of which were focused to neutralise group members 54 engagements resulted in 56 Abu Sayyaf members killed 21 surrendered and 17 arrested 303 304 Abu Sayyaf fatalities then increased to 102 with seven more apprehended Notable Abu Sayyaf leaders were killed including Nelson Muktadil Braun Muktadil their sub leader Mohammad Said Jamiri Jawhari Musanna Jamiri the group spokesman Abu Rami and Alhabsy Misaya 305 306 307 In addition another 165 fast boats used for transport and kidnapping activities were confiscated 307 By April 13 2017 50 more ASG members had surrendered 305 In the same month Philippine authorities discovered the presence of militants from Indonesia and Malaysia killed during the ongoing operations 308 notable foreigners such as Sanusi Zulkifli Abdhir Ibrahim Ali Mohd Najib Husen and Mohisen were among the dead 309 310 311 312 313 as well the presence of a traitor among their security members when a top policewoman was caught for her ties with the group 314 Indonesia admitted the presence of its citizens who came from North Sulawesi and said they could not prevent them from joining given the lack of security on their borders 315 316 Malaysia discovered that militants were using Sabah as a transit point 317 318 The two pledged to prevent cross border terrorism and curb the activities of militants 319 320 Early on November 26 2016 Duterte stated that he would open peace talks with Abu Sayyaf group as he did with the MNLF and MILF by offering federalism as a possible solution 321 while continuing to fight against the Maute group 322 a move criticized by Philippine analysts as it would be used by extreme rebels to claim for legitimacy as a group 323 In a statement the President said I can bomb more if I want to At the end of the day what can I say to the Filipino That we have wiped out almost all of our Yakan Sama Tausug brothers Even those not connected with the violence now Either we talk if you want autonomy or if you want something else federalism I am ready I am committed to a federalism set up to appease the Moro 321 324 His statements were criticized by national media as leading to confusion about whether he wanted peace talks 325 Another IS linked group the Maute emerged in 2016 326 On December 7 Duterte told the Indonesian and Malaysian leaders that they can bomb the Abu Sayyaf along with the hostages if the Abu Sayyaf continue to present persistent threats and the hostages should already know that there is repeated warnings to not go there 327 In early 2019 Duterte emphatically stated that he would never initiate or agree to any peace talks with Abu Sayyaf due to his detestation for the group s record of atrocities and its treatment of innocent people as young as 8 years old 328 In the aftermath of the 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings President Duterte ordered an All Out War directive against the Abu Sayyaf Group which led to heavy ground operations massive airstrikes artillery bombardment in surrounding areas the evacuation of civilian in other areas and the creation of the 11th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army 329 330 331 See alsoBangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters Siege of MarawiNotes Killed on December 8 1998 Killed on September 4 2006 Killed on January 16 2007 Killed on October 16 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Post Retrieved July 30 2016 Philippines confirms execution of Canadian hostage Robert Hall by Abu Sayyaf ABC News June 13 2016 Retrieved July 30 2016 Santos Eimor P June 24 2016 Abu Sayyaf frees Filipina hostage CNN Retrieved July 30 2016 Abu Sayaf militants release former Italian priest Rolando Del Torchio from captivity in Philippines ABC News Australia April 9 2016 Retrieved February 4 2018 Philippine troops rescue couple kidnapped by IS linked jihadists Abu Sayyaf in running firefight ABC News Australia November 25 2019 Retrieved November 25 2019 Military rescues abducted British national Filipino wife from Abu Sayyaf CNN November 25 2019 Retrieved November 26 2019 a b Abu Sayyaf kidnappings bombings and other attacks GMA News August 23 2007 Archived from the original on April 22 2010 Retrieved March 22 2010 JESUS Miracle Crusade International Ministry The JESUS Church Intro Jmcim org Retrieved May 24 2020 Washington Freeman September 10 2000 Abu Sayyaf Muslim rebels raped Sipadan dive tourist hostages cdnn info Retrieved March 23 2010 BBC news uk BBC News August 28 2000 Retrieved April 3 2012 Sipadan Timeline cdnn info Retrieved April 3 2012 a b Pom Pom Island Tourist killed wife kidnapped Emirates 24 7 November 16 2013 Retrieved April 6 2014 Militant group Abu Sayyaf behind Taiwanese woman s kidnapping Want China Times December 22 2013 Archived from the original on October 31 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Kidnapping victim thanks helper for securing release Focus Taiwan Retrieved June 7 2014 Abducted Taiwanese woman Evelyn Chang found in Southern Philippines South China Morning Post December 20 2013 Retrieved June 7 2014 Lewis Leo April 5 2014 Snatched Tourist Faces Torment in Jungle The Times Retrieved June 7 2014 Zolkepli Farik December 20 2013 Semporna kidnap Rescued Taiwanese tourist kidnapped from Pom Pom island resort Update The Star Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 a b Vanar Muguntan April 4 2014 Semporna resort kidnap Abductors also involved in Pom Pom and Sipadan incidents says Esscom chief The Star Retrieved April 6 2014 Abu Sayyaf men abduct 2 in Malaysia officials Philippine Daily Inquirer April 3 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Muguntan Vanar April 3 2014 Two abducted from resort off Semporna The Star Retrieved April 6 2014 Kidnapped tourist resort worker rescued in Malaysia Channel NewsAsia May 31 2014 Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Retrieved May 31 2014 Women abducted from Malaysian resort released Al Jazeera May 31 2014 Retrieved May 31 2014 Another abduction in Sabah Free Malaysia Today May 6 2014 Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Retrieved May 31 2014 Vanar Muguntan Lee Stephanie May 8 2014 Officials get reports that Chinese national has been taken to Jolo The Star Retrieved May 31 2014 Sario Ruben Lee Stephanie July 11 2014 Malaysian negotiators rescue fish farm manager from Abu Sayyaf gunmen The Star Retrieved July 12 2014 Ramendran Charles Cheah Bernard June 16 2014 Two more kidnapped in Sabah The Sun Retrieved June 17 2014 Kunak kidnap Don t disturb my wife I will follow you The Star Bernama June 16 2014 Retrieved June 17 2014 Fish farm worker manages to escape armed kidnappers in Sabah The Star Asia News Network June 16 2014 Retrieved June 17 2014 Hostage who escaped sought Daily Express June 18 2014 Retrieved June 21 2014 Kidnappers contact fish breeder s wife The Star June 20 2014 Retrieved June 21 2014 Fish breeder released by Abu Sayyaf The Sun December 10 2014 Retrieved December 11 2014 Katharason PK Vanar Muguntan Sario Ruben Lee Stephanie Golingai Philip June 22 2014 Muktadir kin mastermind behind kidnaps The Star Retrieved June 22 2014 Philippines Two militants linked to sailor abductions killed Malay Mail September 27 2016 Retrieved March 26 2023 Vanar Muguntan Lee Stephanie September 28 2016 Muktadil Brothers gunned down in surprise raid on Sulu island The Star Retrieved October 3 2016 Vanar Muguntan September 30 2016 Last of Muktadil brothers killed The Star Retrieved October 3 2016 Kidnapping incident in Sabah recurs Borneo Post May 16 2015 Retrieved May 16 2015 Locsin Joel May 15 2015 Police Abu Sayyaf linked to Sabah kidnap GMA News Retrieved May 16 2015 Sabah hostage released by Abu Sayyaf gunmen The Star Asia News Network November 9 2015 Retrieved November 9 2015 Dancel Raul November 9 2015 Abu Sayyaf releases Thien Nyuk Fun one of two Malaysians taken from Sabah restaurant The Straits Times Retrieved February 5 2018 Vanar Muguntan Lee Stephanie November 17 2015 Malaysian hostage Bernard Then beheaded The Star Retrieved November 18 2015 Demand for higher ransom led to beheading The Star November 17 2015 Retrieved November 18 2015 Vanar Muguntan Lee Stephanie November 17 2015 Malaysian hostage Bernard Then beheaded The Star Retrieved February 5 2018 Golingai Philip November 21 2015 Why Bernard Then was beheaded The Star Retrieved February 5 2018 Sanchez Ray March 29 2016 10 Indonesian sailors kidnapped in the Philippines CNN Hume Tim Quiano Kathy May 2 2016 10 Indonesian hostages released by Islamist militant group president says CNN Lai Nancy Ringgit Margaret April 3 2016 Four Sarawakians kidnapped Borneo Post Retrieved April 3 2016 4 Malaysians released by Abu Sayyaf Philippine military Channel NewsAsia June 8 2016 Archived from the original on June 11 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 Setyadi Arief April 16 2016 Kapal Indonesia Kembali Dibajak 4 WNI Diculik amp 1 Ditembak in Indonesian Okezone Retrieved April 16 2016 Parlina Ina Salim Tama May 12 2016 Abu Sayyaf releases four remaining RI hostages The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on May 13 2016 Filipinos in Sabah urge Duterte Help free hostages Daily Express May 13 2016 Archived from the original on May 13 2016 Torres Estrella June 24 2016 Abu kidnappers seize 7 Indonesians Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved July 10 2016 Armed Men Kidnap Three Indonesians Off Sabah Coast Jakarta Globe July 10 2016 Archived from the original on October 16 2016 Three Indonesians abducted in Sabah waters freed by militant Abu Sayyaf group New Straits Times Reuters September 18 2016 Retrieved September 18 2016 5 Malaysian crewmen kidnapped by Abu Sayyaf Philippine official Channel NewsAsia July 20 2016 Archived from the original on July 23 2016 Retrieved July 26 2016 Purwanto Heru ed August 7 2016 Govt confirms one more Indonesian abducted in Malaysian water Antara Retrieved August 11 2016 Cerojano Teresa August 18 2016 Second Indonesian sailor manages to escape Abu Sayyaf captors CTV News Associated Press Retrieved September 4 2016 Gunmen kidnaps 3 Filipino fishermen near Pulau Pom Pom www thesundaily my Retrieved March 26 2023 Fonbuena Carmela Gutierrez Natashya September 22 2016 Another Indonesian hostage released by the Abu Sayyaf Rappler Agence France Presse Retrieved September 25 2016 Police believe Filipino group raided Sabah twice in same night The Malay Mail September 28 2016 Archived from the original on September 29 2016 Retrieved September 28 2016 Vanar Muguntan October 1 2016 Fishing boat owner freed by Filipino abductors The Star Retrieved October 2 2016 Abu Sayyaf frees Indonesia tugboat trio after three months in captivity The Japan Times Associated Press October 3 2016 Retrieved October 2 2016 Abu Sayyaf attacks S Korean ship abducts skipper crewman Fox News Channel Associated Press October 21 2016 Retrieved October 23 2016 Omar Awang Ali November 7 2016 Report German kidnapped girlfriend killed as Abu Sayyaf storm yacht off Sabah waters New Straits Times Retrieved November 7 2016 Female companion found dead in Sulu ASG claims abducting German off Sabah GMA News November 7 2016 Retrieved November 7 2016 German sailor beheaded by Philippine Islamists The Local Germany GMA News February 27 2017 Retrieved January 29 2018 6 Vietnamese abducted in attack on cargo ship off Philippines Tuổi Trẻ November 11 2016 Retrieved November 7 2016 Mogato Manuel Petty Martin Coghill Kim November 20 2016 Philippines tries to intercept bandits as more fishermen snatched off Sabah The Star Reuters Retrieved November 20 2016 Satriawan Budi Mogato Manuel Jensen Fergus Birsel Robert May 5 2016 Indonesia Philippines Malaysia to coordinate against militant pirates Reuters Retrieved May 6 2016 Mangosing Francis October 3 2016 Philippines Indonesia Malaysia agree on joint air patrols Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved October 3 2016 Gomez Jim October 27 2016 Abu Sayyaf got 7 3 million from kidnappings The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 28 2016 Retrieved October 27 2016 Sherwell Philip May 23 2016 How Abu Sayyaf makes a business of beheadings as Islamist terror gang releases final message hostage video The Telegraph Retrieved July 30 2016 Spillius Alex August 5 2001 Philippines rebel kidnappers behead nine Christian hostages The Telegraph Archived from the original on January 11 2022 Retrieved March 26 2023 Jehovah s Witnesses beheaded in Philippines The Guardian August 22 2002 Retrieved July 29 2016 Banlaoi Rommel C 2007 Abu Sayyaf Group Threat of Maritime Piracy and Terrorism Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved June 22 2021 Banlaoi Rommel C 2010 Philippine security in the age of terror national regional and global challenges in the post 9 11 world Boca Raton CRC Press pp 1 358 ISBN 978 1 4398 1550 2 OCLC 318414806 de Jesus Julliane Love September 8 2016 Davao blast suspect identified Bato says Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 8 2016 Victims 40 died and 70 injured Tesiorna Ben O September 13 2016 Pregnant Davao bombing victim dies in hospital death toll rises to 15 CNN Retrieved September 13 2016 a b c Murdoch Lindsay August 31 2016 Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte issues wipe out order against Abu Sayyaf The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved September 4 2016 Santos Eimor P September 2 2016 AFP taps 7 000 strong force vs Abu Sayyaf CNN Retrieved September 4 2016 Alipala Julie September 2 2016 Abu Sayyaf to bring fight to AFP doorstep Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 4 2016 a b Balana Cynthia D Alipala Julie September 2 2016 Army pours troops into pursuit Abus ready for last war Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 4 2016 Esmaquel II Paterno Cupin Bea September 3 2016 Abu Sayyaf claims responsibility for Davao blast report Rappler Retrieved September 4 2016 Nawal Allan Alipala Julie Manlupig Karlos September 2 2016 Abu Sayyaf disowns Davao explosion says ally was behind attack Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 4 2016 Philippines Abu Sayyaf blamed for attack in Davao City Al Jazeera September 3 2016 Retrieved September 4 2016 Death toll in Jolo blasts lowered to 18 CNN January 27 2019 Retrieved January 27 2019 Reyes Jewel January 27 2019 Military eyes Abu Sayyaf behind twin blasts in Jolo ABS CBN News Retrieved January 28 2019 Mangosing Frances January 28 2019 Abu Sayyaf s Ajang Ajang faction eyed as suspects behind Jolo blasts Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved January 28 2019 Tomacruz Sofia January 24 2019 Sulu rejects Bangsamoro law Rappler Retrieved January 28 2019 a b East Bob May 10 2000 The Abu Sayyaf in the Archipelago Discrediting Islam Abetting USA Foreign Policy PDF Hartford Web Publishing p 196 7 15 Archived from the original PDF on April 3 2016 a b Pareno Roel August 9 2016 4 Abu Sayyaf killed in Sulu clash with MNLF The Philippine Star Retrieved August 12 2016 Wee Darwin Wally April 24 2017 Christians Muslims condemn Abu Sayyaf beheading UCA News Archived from the original on April 27 2017 Kurnia Dadang Indrawan Angga July 28 2016 Ade Komarudin Merasa Indonesia Terhina oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf in Indonesian Republika Online Archived from the original on July 29 2016 a b Protest at Philippine Embassy in Jakarta as Hostage Crisis Worsens Jakarta Globe Archived from the original on July 30 2016 Retrieved July 30 2016 a b Gutierrez Natashya July 14 2016 Go to hell Philippines Indonesian workers ask Duterte to act on Abu Sayyaf kidnappings Rappler Archived from the original on July 26 2016 Retrieved July 26 2016 Indonesian Military Not Needed to Free Hostages the Philippines Jakarta Globe Archived from the original on July 26 2016 Retrieved July 26 2016 Sayyaf holds 3 not 2 hostages Manila Standard December 15 1995 Retrieved July 30 2016 4 hostages killed during rescue Sun Journal May 4 2000 Retrieved July 30 2016 Alvarez Katharina Charmaine July 28 2016 NO TALKS WITH CRIMINALS Abu Sayyaf excluded from Duterte s peace initiatives GMA News Retrieved July 30 2016 Fil Am accused of supplying weapons to Sayyaf deported The Philippine Star Associated Press November 6 2003 Retrieved July 30 2016 Mangosing Frances July 30 2016 LOOK Scout Rangers gain control of Abu Sayyaf position in Basilan Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved July 30 2016 Gomez Jim August 26 2016 Troops kill 11 Abu Sayyaf members MINDANATION Archived from the original on August 31 2016 Retrieved August 26 2016 Marzukhi Hafiz July 28 2016 Malaysia Philippines to establish forward base at border Astro Awani Retrieved July 30 2016 Marboen Ade ed July 14 2016 Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines finalizing SOP for joint patrols Antara Retrieved July 30 2016 Heriyanto Devina July 14 2016 Q amp A Rethinking Indonesia s military operation in southern Philippines The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on July 30 2016 Retrieved July 30 2016 Jakarta proposes 3 nation land ops against Abu Sayyaf The Straits Times August 4 2016 Archived from the original on August 5 2016 Retrieved August 5 2016 Sapiie Marguerite Afra August 5 2016 Military commanders need to draft joint military exercise SOP Gatot The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on August 5 2016 Retrieved August 5 2016 Vietnamese ships to get piracy warnings Vietnam Net Vietnam News Agency May 4 2016 Archived from the original on September 4 2016 Pareno Roel September 5 2016 One Army battalion going after each Abu Sayyaf leader The Philippine Star Retrieved October 4 2016 Natashya Gutierrez September 9 2016 Duterte wants Abu Sayyaf kidnappers blown up at sea Rappler Agence France Presse Archived from the original on September 12 2016 Halim Haeril September 20 2016 Indonesia won t enter Philippine waters despite green light The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on September 24 2016 Reyes Victor September 12 2016 AFP chief to ASG Surrender or die Malaya Business Insight Archived from the original on September 27 2016 Adamczyk Ed September 23 2016 20 Abu Sayyaf militants surrender in Philippines United Press International Retrieved September 25 2016 Ager Maila September 21 2016 Gov t seizes 200 high powered speedboats from Abu Sayyaf Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 25 2016 Ranada Pia September 26 2016 Duterte No amnesty for Abu Sayyaf Rappler Retrieved September 27 2016 Bolando AJ September 27 2016 High powered guns for Abu Sayyaf ARMM execs seized in San Juan The Philippine Star Retrieved September 27 2016 Colcol Erwin October 14 2016 AFP 59 bandits killed in Duterte s first hundred days GMA News Retrieved October 17 2016 AFP report 94 Abu Sayyaf neutralized 14 hostages freed Rappler October 17 2016 Retrieved October 17 2016 a b Senior Abu Sayyaf Leader Offers to Surrender The Maritime Executive April 13 2017 Retrieved April 14 2017 Philippine marines kill Abu Sayyaf extremist leader Deutsche Welle April 29 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 a b Marasigan Fernan October 17 2016 Use all tools of war vs Abu Sayyaf The Manila Times Archived from the original on October 19 2016 Retrieved October 19 2016 Villamor Felipe Umel Richel Navales Mark April 25 2017 Indonesians Malaysian Among 37 Militants Killed in Philippine Military Strike Officials Benar News Archived from the original on April 26 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 Indonesian militant killed in Philippines news com au Australian Associated Press November 24 2012 Retrieved April 29 2017 FBI confirms militant Marwan s death in Philippine raid BBC News April 2 2015 Retrieved April 29 2017 Cassrels Deborah November 30 2015 Indonesian bomb Ibrahim Ali killed by military in Mindanao The Weekend Australian Retrieved April 29 2017 Malaysian militant killed in clashes with Philippine army says report The Malaysian Insider Yahoo News December 17 2015 Retrieved April 29 2017 Philippines military identifies IS linked militant killed as Indonesian named Mohisen The Star January 29 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 Jara Manolo B April 25 2017 Top policewoman nabbed for ties to Abu Sayyaf The Gulf Today Archived from the original on April 27 2017 Retrieved April 26 2017 Halim Haeril April 26 2017 Indonesian militants can easily enter Philippines The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on April 29 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 Hincks Joseph April 26 2017 Indonesia Can t Stop Militants Crossing Into Philippines Time Archived from the original on March 26 2023 Retrieved March 26 2023 Malaysian leaders face clear and present terror threat Today January 26 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 Jacinto Al January 27 2017 Foreign militants cross Sabah to Mindanao The Manila Times Archived from the original on January 27 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 Sabah to cooperate with Indonesia to curb cross border crime Musa Borneo Post April 17 2016 Retrieved April 29 2017 Fevrier Vincent April 10 2017 The Threat of the Islamic State in South East Asia and the Counter Terrorism Unit on the Frontlines in Indonesia Intelligence Fusion Archived from the original on September 19 2017 Retrieved April 29 2017 a b Duterte open to talks with Abu Sayyaf terrorists Manila Standard Agence France Presse November 26 2016 Archived from the original on November 29 2016 Retrieved November 29 2016 Jennings Ralph Philippines Fight Against Muslim Insurgents Is Hitting A New And Sticky Blockade Forbes Retrieved March 26 2023 Abu Sayyaf can use Duterte statement to claim legitimacy analyst ABS CBN News November 26 2016 Retrieved November 29 2016 Duterte won t risk civilians in Sayyaf war The Manila Times Agence France Presse November 28 2016 Archived from the original on November 28 2016 Retrieved November 29 2016 Pascual Jr Federico D November 29 2016 Is Du30 confused or confusing ASG The Philippine Star Archived from the original on November 29 2016 Retrieved November 29 2016 Fianza Florencio December 1 2016 Difficult to analyze Manila Standard Archived from the original on December 1 2016 Retrieved December 1 2016 Duterte to Indonesia Malaysia Bomb kidnappers hostages too Philippine Daily Inquirer Associated Press December 9 2016 Archived from the original on December 9 2016 Retrieved December 9 2016 Esguerra Darryl John January 18 2019 Duterte I will never talk peace with Abu Sayyaf Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on January 28 2019 Retrieved January 28 2019 Gamil Jaymee T Alipala Julie Duterte orders all out war on terror groups Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on February 13 2019 Retrieved April 5 2019 Matsuzawa Mikas January 30 2019 Military unleashes air strikes on Sulu after Duterte s all out war order The Philippine Star Agence France Presse Archived from the original on February 9 2019 Retrieved April 5 2019 Recuenco Aaron AFP launches offensive vs ASG Manila Bulletin News Archived from the original on January 31 2019 Retrieved April 5 2019 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abu Sayyaf Most Wanted Terrorists Federal Bureau of Investigation US Department of Justice Council on Foreign Relations Abu Sayyaf Group Philippines Islamist separatists Archived February 20 2008 at the Wayback Machine Reward For Information on five ASG members Rewards for Justice Program US Department of State Looking for al Qaeda in the Philippines Balik Terrorism The Return of Abu Sayyaf PDF Strategic Studies Institute US Army War College The bloodstained trail of the Abu Sayyaf Agence France Presse Portal Philippines Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abu Sayyaf amp oldid 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