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Joko Widodo

May 18, 2023

In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Joko Widodo.

Joko Widodo (Indonesian: [dʒɔkɔ widɔdɔ] né Mulyono; born 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the seventh and current president of Indonesia. A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's first president to not have emerged from the country’s political or military elite. He previously served as governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012.

Joko Widodo
Official portrait, 2019
7th President of Indonesia
Assumed office
20 October 2014
Vice PresidentJusuf Kalla
(2014–2019)
Ma'ruf Amin
(2019–present)
Preceded bySusilo Bambang Yudhoyono
14th Governor of Jakarta
In office
15 October 2012 – 16 October 2014
DeputyBasuki Tjahaja Purnama
Preceded byFauzi Bowo
Succeeded byBasuki Tjahaja Purnama
15th Mayor of Surakarta
In office
28 July 2005 – 1 October 2012
DeputyF. X. Hadi Rudyatmo
Preceded bySlamet Suryanto
Succeeded byF. X. Hadi Rudyatmo
Personal details
Born
Mulyono

(1961-06-21) 21 June 1961 (age 61)
Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
Political partyPDI-P
Spouse
​
(m. 1986)​
Children
ResidencesBogor Palace, Merdeka Palace, various other palaces
Alma materGadjah Mada University
Signature
WebsitePresidential website

Jokowi was born and raised in a riverside slum in Surakarta. He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985, and married his wife, Iriana, a year later. He worked as a carpenter and a furniture exporter before being elected mayor of Surakarta in 2005.[1][2] He achieved national prominence as mayor and was elected governor of Jakarta in 2012,[3] with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as his deputy.[4][5] As governor, he reinvigorated local politics, introduced publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks)[6] and improved the city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption in the process. He also introduced years-late programs to improve quality of life, including universal healthcare, dredged the city's main river to reduce flooding, and inaugurated the construction of the city's subway system.[7]

In 2014, he was nominated as the PDI-P's candidate in that year's presidential election,[8] choosing Jusuf Kalla as his running mate. Jokowi was elected over his opponent Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome of the election, and was inaugurated on 20 October 2014.[9][10] Since taking office, Jokowi has focused on economic growth and infrastructure development as well as an ambitious health and education agenda.[11] On foreign policy, his administration has emphasised "protecting Indonesia’s sovereignty",[12] with the sinking of illegal foreign fishing vessels[13] and the prioritising and scheduling of capital punishment for drug smugglers. The latter was despite intense representations and diplomatic protests from foreign powers, including Australia and France.[14][15] He was re-elected in 2019 for a second five-year term, again defeating Prabowo Subianto.[16]

Early life

Jokowi was born Mulyono on 21 June 1961 in Surakarta,[17] and is of Javanese descent.[18] He is the eldest of four siblings and is the only son of Noto Mihardjo (father) and Sudjiatmi Notomihardjo (mother). He has three younger sisters, named Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati, and Titik Relawati.[19][20] His father came from Karanganyar, while his grandparents came from a village in Boyolali.[21] Jokowi was often sick as a toddler, and his name was thus changed—a common practice in Javanese culture—to Joko Widodo, with widodo meaning "healthy" in Javanese.[18] At the age of 12, he started working in his father's furniture workshop.[22][23] Jokowi's family lived in three different rented homes (one of which the government declared condemned property) during his youth, which greatly affected him. Later he organized low income housing in Surakarta during his years as mayor of that city.[24]

Jokowi's education began at State Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso, an ordinary public school.[25] He continued his studies at State Junior High School 1 Surakarta.[26] Later he wanted to attend State Senior High School 1 Surakarta, but did not score high enough on the entrance exam so he enrolled in the newer State Senior High School 6 in that city.[27]

Business career

After graduating from university, Jokowi began work at PT Kertas Kraft Aceh (id), a state-owned firm in Aceh, Sumatra.[28] He worked in the present-day Bener Meriah Regency between 1986 and 1988 as a supervisor of forestry and raw materials of a Pinus merkusii plantation.[29][30]

However, Jokowi soon became uninterested in his activities in the firm and returned home. He began working in his grandfather's furniture factory for a year before establishing his own company, Rakabu, whose namesake is his first child. The company, which mainly focused on teak furniture, nearly went bankrupt at one point but survived following an IDR 500 million loan from Perusahaan Gas Negara. By 1991, the company began exporting its products, and they were successful in international markets. The firm first established a presence in the European market in France, and it was a French customer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the nickname "Jokowi".[28][31][2]

By 2002, Jokowi had become the chairman of Surakarta's furniture manufacturers association.[2] Ultimately he decided to become a politician and promote reform in his home town, Surakarta, after seeing the neat layouts of some European cities while promoting his furniture there.[23] After becoming mayor, he also made a joint venture with politician and former lieutenant general Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, when the two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's PT Toba Sejahtera).[32][33]

In 2018, Jokowi reported his net worth to be Rp 50.25 billion (US$3.5 million), mostly in the form of property holdings in Central Java and Jakarta.[34]

Political career

Mayor of Surakarta

 
Official Portrait of Joko Widodo as the Mayor of Surakarta
 
Joko Widodo as Surakarta's mayor and his deputy F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo in traditional Javanese wayang wong costume.

After first joining PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in the mayoral race in Surakarta in 2005 with F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate, with the support of PDI-P and the National Awakening Party.[35][36] The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the incumbent Slamet Suryanto and two other candidates. During the campaign, many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman. However, one academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him.[37] He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes in Surakarta.[38]

His notable policies as mayor include[39] building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java", promoting the city as a centre for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents, a local bus rapid transit system named Batik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project.[40]

It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted the blusukan, an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in his political career. He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing the risk of corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governor Bibit Waluyo, who on one occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta.[41]

His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of Java'. While in office, he successfully relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green space; he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television. As a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation's conference in October 2008.[citation needed]

In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), held at the complex of Fort Vastenburg near the centre of the city. The following year, it was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.[citation needed]

Part of Jokowi style was his populist 'can-do' (punya gaye) elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.[37] As mayor, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).[citation needed]

Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, it imposed a blackout on street lights in the city just before Christmas. The city government quickly authorised payment, but in settling the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.[42]

In 2010, he was re-elected for a second term, again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing in only a single polling station.[43] He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by Tempo news magazine (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' from Republika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those by University of Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).[37]

In 2012, Jokowi faced a smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for the governorship of Jakarta.[44] A group calling itself Save Solo, Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated the allegation, found it was based on false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.[45]

Governor of Jakarta

 
 
Joko Widodo's two versions of official portrait as Governor of Jakarta (2012)

Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor,[46] Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round.[3] His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as FX Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor of Jakarta.[47][48] Jokowi continued the blusukan practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents, such as the price of food, housing difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.[49]

After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014.[50] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the provincial budget.[51][52] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system.[51] Moreover, all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.[53]

 
Jokowi on a blusukan neighborhood visit in Jakarta

In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).[54] It involved an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.[55] The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues,[56] though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December 2012 to help needy students. It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms.[57]

His administration's other notable policies include a system of bureaucratic recruitment called lelang jabatan (literally 'auction of office position'), giving every civil servant the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications,[58] regulation of the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang,[59][60] the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to reduce flooding,[61][62][63] and the inauguration of long-delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT.[64][65] As governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents.[66] Former deputy governor Prijanto claimed that Jokowi had carried out maladministration when abusing government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate.[67]

In 2013, Jokowi was reported to the National Commission on Human Rights over the eviction of the squatters near Pluit. In previous "political contracts", he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations.[68][69] Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments.[70][71]

Presidential candidacies

2014

See also: 2014 Indonesian presidential election and Joko Widodo 2014 presidential campaign

Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi to be the presidential candidate of her party.[8] During the campaign, a social media volunteer team, JASMEV, once made a provocative statement by threatening that Islam would not be given a space in Indonesia if Jokowi won the 2014 election.[72][73] The group was paid IDR 500 million to campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during the 2014 election.[74]

Following the release of Quick Count results from many different polls, Jokowi declared victory on 9 July. However, his opponent Prabowo also declared victory, creating confusion among the population.[75] On 22 July, hours before the announcement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew.[76] Jokowi's victory was expected and realised hours later.[77][76] The General Elections Commission (KPU) gave him a close victory with 53.15% of the vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62 million votes),[78] though Prabowo's camp disputed these totals.[79]

After his victory, Jokowi stated that growing up under the authoritarian and corrupt New Order regime, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president. The New York Times reported him as saying, "now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is the American dream, and here we have the Indonesian dream".[80] Jokowi was the first Indonesian president outside the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician as "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into politics and run for president".[80]

2019

See also: 2019 Indonesian general election and Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign

In 2018, Jokowi announced that he would run for re-election next year. His vice president Jusuf Kalla was not eligible for another term because of the term limits set for president and vice president. Kalla had already served a five-year term as vice president during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's first term (2004–2009). Speculation surrounding Jokowi's choice of running mate focused on several candidates, including Mahfud MD, a former defence minister and chief justice of the Constitutional Court. In a surprise move, Jokowi announced that Ma'ruf Amin would be his running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential candidacy. Ma'ruf was selected instead following a push by several constituent parties of Jokowi's governing coalition and influential Islamic figures.[81] Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience in government and religious affairs.[82]

The KPU officially announced that the Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the early hours of 21 May 2019.[83] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%).[84] Supporters of Prabowo protested in Jakarta against the result, and it turned into a riot which left eight people dead and over 600 injured.[85] Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched a Constitutional Court lawsuit but was rejected in its entirety.[86]

Presidency of Indonesia

See also: First inauguration of Joko Widodo and Second inauguration of Joko Widodo
 
 
Joko Widodo recites the oath of office in 2014 (top) and 2019 (bottom)
 
 
Joko Widodo's official presidential portraits during his first term; released in 2014 (L) and 2016 (R)

Government and cabinets

See also: Working Cabinet (2014–2019) and Onward Indonesia Cabinet
 
 
Joko Widodo's initial cabinet lines-up in 2014 (up) and 2019 (down)

Despite vowing not to give government positions simply to political allies during the 2014 campaign, many members of political parties received ministerial positions in Jokowi's first cabinet.[87][88] The first year of Jokowi's administration saw him controlling a minority government until Golkar, the second-largest party in the People's Representative Council (DPR), switched from opposition to the government. Jokowi denied accusations of interfering with Golkar's internal affairs, although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change.[89] His cabinet's Minister of Industry Airlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar in 2018.[90] The National Mandate Party (PAN) had also switched sides beforehand but later returned to being the opposition in 2018.[91][92]

Jokowi announced the 34 names in his cabinet on 26 October 2014.[93] While it was praised for the inclusiveness of women, with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female foreign minister, it received criticism for several perceived political inclusions, such as Puan Maharani (daughter of Megawati Sukarnoputri).[94] The Jokowi administration also saw the formation of two new ministries (Ministry of Public Works and Housing and Ministry of Environment and Forestry) from a merger of old ministries, in addition to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries.[95] He conducted a total of three cabinet reshuffles until 2018, removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli and Bambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such as Luhut and World Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.[96] Another reshuffle occurred in December 2020, replacing six ministers including two apprehended by the KPK.[97]

He was criticised by PDI-P over perceived policy weaknesses, and PDI-P legislator Effendi Simbolon called for his impeachment.[98] On 9 April 2015, during a PDI-P Congress, party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi as a functionary. She noted that presidential candidates are nominated by political parties, hinting that Jokowi owed his position to the party and should carry out its policy line.[99][100] Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi had disputed over the appointment of a new police chief, with Megawati supporting her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supported Badrodin Haiti.[89][101][102]

Following his re-election, Jokowi announced his second cabinet on 23 October 2019. He retained several ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also included Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim and two-time presidential rival Prabowo Subianto as education and defence ministers, respectively.[103]

In the first year of his second presidential term, his approval rating fell to 45.2%, and the disapproval rating was 52%.[104][105] His deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, had a 67% disapproval rating. The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies. At the start of 2023, his approval ratings had reached an all-time high of 76.2%, following easing of COVID-19 restrictions.[106]

Economy

Before taking office, Jokowi sought for outgoing president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) to take responsibility for the decision to further increase fuel prices[107] by further removing subsidies.[108] Previous attempts by SBY to do so had resulted in civil unrest.[107] On 1 January 2015, Jokowi took measures that, on the surface, appeared to reduce fuel subsidies.[109][110] The policy stirred up some demonstrations, with Jokowi citing it as necessary to increase funding for the infrastructure, education and health sectors.[111] However, since March 2015, the government has set the price of Premium-branded gasoline far below the market price, causing the fuel subsidy to be incurred by state-owned oil company Pertamina instead of the direct government account.[112] Additionally, the government also implemented a single-price program, aiming to sell fuel through official channels at the same price nationally, including in isolated parts of Kalimantan and Papua. The government claimed that this was achieved in 2017.[113]

In the first quarter of 2015, year-on-year GDP grew 4.92%, and in the second quarter, it grew 4.6%, the lowest figure since 2009.[114][115][116] Since then, growth has remained above the 5% mark, which is still below what is considered a healthy economic growth mark of 6%.[117] The Indonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened throughout Jokowi's administration, with its exchange rate per US dollar briefly passing IDR 15,000 in 2018, the lowest level since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and sank lower to 16,700 in 2020.[118][119] The year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26%, higher than in May (7.15%) and June the year before (6.7%).[120]

Jokowi's administration continued the resource nationalism policy of its predecessor, nationalising some assets controlled by multinational companies such as Freeport McMoRan, TotalEnergies and Chevron. In 2018, in a move aimed to cut imports, oil companies operating in Indonesia were ordered to sell their crude oil to state-owned Pertamina.[121] A ban was also enforced on the exports of raw nickel ore, intended to help promote the development of local nickel-related industries such as smelters and battery factories.[122] The policy was further extended, with export bans of unprocessed copper, tin, bauxite and gold ores expected to come into force in mid 2023.[123]

Infrastructure development has been a significant feature of the Jokowi administration, focusing on road and railway expansion, seaports and airports development, and irrigation. In 2016, the state budget allocated Rp 290 trillion (US$22 billion) for infrastructure, the biggest in Indonesian history.[124] In total, his administration planned 265 infrastructure projects starting in 2016.[125] In September 2015, Indonesia awarded a $5.5 billion high-speed rail project to China,[126][127] to Japan's disappointment, which is also vying for the project.[128] Indonesia's transportation ministry laid out a litany of shortcomings in plans for the project, casting doubt on the project and spotlighting Jokowi's limits in turning mega-projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors.[129] Other significant projects include the completion of the 4,325-kilometer Trans Papua road and the Trans-Java Toll Road,[130][131] initial construction of the Trans-Sulawesi Railway[132] and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road,[133] a US$50 billion plan to develop the maritime sector including 24 "strategic ports",[134] and expansion of airport capacity in remote areas.[135] The ports' development and modernisation program, dubbed the "Sea Toll Road" program, was aimed to reduce price inequality between the better developed western parts of the country and the less populated eastern parts.[136]

In addition to the major projects, the Jokowi administration also implemented a village fund program in which villages across the country received funding to allocate on basic infrastructures such as roads and water supply, tourism development and village enterprises to improve rural economies.[137][138] The initial campaign promise was that IDR 1.4 billion (around US$100,000) would be allocated for every village annually,[139] though as of 2019, less than a billion was allocated.[140] Between 2015 and 2018, IDR 187 trillion (US$14 billion) had been reallocated through the program.[141] The administration has targeted to streamline land certification across the country, aiming to distribute certificates of land ownership across the country completely. It involved increasing the issuing rate of certificates from around 500,000 to several million annually.[142][143] In 2016, the administration signed into law a tax amnesty bill following a lengthy public debate and push back, giving wealthy Indonesians a chance to declare their unreported assets before the government would strengthen rules and oversight around imports and exports. It became the most successful program of its kind in history, with over IDR 4,865 trillion (approximately US$366 billion) of previously unreported assets declared to the tax office.[144][145]

 
Jokowi at the opening ceremony of the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland on 1 November 2021

The opposition criticised the aggressive spending on infrastructure as it increased Indonesia's national debt by 48% between 2014 and March 2018 to US$181 billion. They also pointed out that most of the debt was allocated for remunerations rather than infrastructure development.[146][147][148] In April 2018, Jokowi also issued a new policy that allows foreign workers in Indonesia without Indonesian language skills requirement,[149] reasoning that it would increase investments.[150] The policy faced significant opposition from local labour unions, who claimed that the policy would increase unemployment rates.[151][152]

In 2020, the DPR passed the Omnibus Law on Job Creation. Though intended to boost investment and reduce red tape, it is also perceived as weakening labour and environmental protections, causing a series of protests in major cities. Jokowi defended the law by saying that it would be needed to create jobs and called for protesters to lodge a challenge instead to the Constitutional Court of Indonesia.[153] The law, which revised over 70 previous laws and contained some 1,200 clauses, had been put forward by Jokowi following his 2019 re-election. Several groups had criticised the opaqueness of the government during the deliberation of the law.[154] In the same year, Indonesia hit the lowest inflation level in history[155] and faced the first economic recession since the 1997 Asian Financial crisis.[156]

In November 2021, Jokowi promised to end and reverse deforestation in Indonesia by 2030, in the COP26 climate summit's first major agreement.[157][158]

Politics

 
Joko Widodo and U.S. president Joe Biden, 1 November 2021
 
Jokowi visiting the destroyed village of Petobo after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami.

Early in his first term, the opposition coalition within the DPR attempted to revoke a regulation (Perppu, Government Regulation in Lieu of Acts) issued by Jokowi's predecessor, which had guaranteed the holding of direct regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode a legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections).[159] Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to revoke the regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in principle, non-negotiable".[160] Within the first three years of his administration, Jokowi issued four such Perppu.[161]

Jokowi's government, including parties which opposed him during presidential elections, have been described as a big tent government, and by former Singaporean foreign minister George Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics".[162]

Law and human rights

See also: Bali Nine and Capital punishment in Indonesia

Judicial executions in Indonesia are carried out under a presidential decree following a death sentence imposed by a trial court.[163] Jokowi in 2015 said he would not grant clemency for drug offenders sentenced to death, arguing Indonesia was in a state of emergency over drug-related crimes, citing statistics the Jakarta Globe reported to be faulty.[164][165] His stance drew criticism as it could harm relations with the native countries of the condemned convicts,[166] and also imperil Indonesians facing the death penalty abroad.[167][168] Australia, Brazil and the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors from Indonesia following multiple executions in 2015.[14][169] Australia reduced its foreign aid to Indonesia by nearly half,[170] and Amnesty International issued a condemnation saying they showed a "complete disregard for due process and human rights safeguards".[171] Former Indonesian Constitutional Court chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key player in the anti-death penalty lobby in Jakarta, said the push for the execution of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan had come from Jokowi personally.[172] The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Jokowi did not have or read related documents when he refused their clemency requests.[173] In the same year, Jokowi granted Frenchman Serge Atlaoui and Filipino Mary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves due to pending legal appeals.[173] As of 2017, around 260 people remain on death row in Indonesia.[174]

Regarding terrorism, Jokowi's administration in early 2016 proposed replacing the 2003 anti-terrorism law. Following the 2018 Surabaya bombings, the worst terrorist attack on Indonesian soil since the 2002 Bali bombings, the controversial bill passed, allowing the Indonesian National Armed Forces to participate in counter-terrorism activities upon police request and presidential approval.[175] It also allowed extended detention of terror suspects and permitted wiretapping without initial court approval.[176] Jokowi had threatened to issue a presidential regulation in lieu of law (perppu) if the bill did not pass the parliament by June that year.[177]

During Jokowi's administration, there have been numerous instances where people were arrested or reported to police for activities deemed insulting to the president.[178][179] Rights activists deem such arrests as a violation of the Constitution's guarantee of freedom of speech.[180][181] A group claiming to be Jokowi's supporters reported Tempo magazine to police over a caricature of Jokowi as Pinocchio,[182][183] after which the Presidential Palace issued a statement saying "the President respected freedom of press and speech".[184] A book about Jokowi titled Jokowi Undercover was banned upon release and its author sentenced to three years in prison[185] and buyers of the book being advised to surrender their copies to the authorities.[186] Tempo magazine described the 436-page book as "trashy and tasteless, a compilation of hoax reports on President Joko Widodo, scattered across the internet and cyber chatrooms".[187] The government's plans to resurrect a Dutch colonial law that would permit imprisonment for insulting the president resulted in widespread protests.[188][189] A Law Firm and Public Interest Law Office (AMAR) institution later reported following the protests that they received many complaints of students regarding threats and sanctions of expulsion or suspension from their schools and universities.[190] In addition, a remission granted to a journalist's murderer was revoked following media criticism.[191][192]

 
Since 2019, a series of mass protests and civil unrests were held across the country against some controversial policies.

In response to major protests, Jokowi's administration has generated some controversies. On 22 May 2019, amid post-election riots by supporters of losing presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto, the government limited the speed at which photos and videos could be shared on social media to stop people from being incited by fake news and calls for violence.[193][194] In the aftermath, Amnesty International's Indonesian office denounced repressive measures against the demonstrators, condemned them as a grave human rights abuse and demanded the government investigate the extrajudicial executions in the clashes.[195][196] In August and September 2019, the government blocked internet access in Papua and West Papua provinces amid violent protests against racism. Jakarta State Administrative Court in 2020 ruled the internet blocks in Papua illegal.[197]

In 2017, Jokowi supported a controversial bill on mass organisations, which upon passing resulted in the disbandment of the Indonesian branch of Hizb ut-Tahrir. He argued the law was necessary to defend the national ideology, Pancasila.[198] The 2020 banning of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) was also based on that law.[199] Twenty-three days' earlier, police had shot dead six FPI members during a confrontation.[200][201] The president's subsequent defence of the police during their duty and his statement that no citizens should break the law or harm the country[202][203] was criticised by FPI secretary-general Munarman as a justification of human rights abuse and structural violence.[204] A police chief involved in the car chase and subsequent murder claimed that the members were armed.[200] After the passing of several controversial bills and repressive crackdowns from security officers on major protests since 2019,[205] his presidency has been criticised for "Neo-Authoritarianism".[206][207][208][209] The South China Morning Post even named him a 'Little Suharto'[1]

A premium price hike of public health care BPJS Kesehatan through Executive Order (Perpres) 64/2020 was criticised as a flagrant breach of permanent Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) decision[210] that nullified the Perpres 82/2018 about the price hike. The Perpres 64/2020 itself was signed amid the COVID-19 pandemic that had caused hardship among the population.[211][212] His former deputy mayor of Surakarta, F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo, also voiced similar concerns.[213]

Jokowi's presidency coincided with the 50th anniversary of the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 in 2015. A government-supported symposium to resolve human rights violations surrounding the event was held in 2016, but Jokowi said his government would not apologise to the victims of the mass purge.[214][215] On LGBT rights, Jokowi stated that "there should be no discrimination against anyone", but added that "in terms of our beliefs, [the LGBT lifestyle] isn't allowed, Islam does not allow it."[216] Under his presidency, the controversial transmigration program was cut once more, when in 2015, it was decided to end the migration program to the Papuan provinces.[217]

Following the July 2022 murder of Nofriansyah Yosua Hutabarat, an Indonesian police officer, there were allegations of police involvement in a cover-up. Police chief General Listyo Sigit Prabowo took over the investigation, forming a special team including members of the Human Rights Commission and Police Commissions.[218] Jokowi was keen for the force to be open about what happens: "Open it as it is. No cover-up. Transparent. That’s it. This is important so that the people don’t have doubts over the incident that occurred. This is what has to be maintained. Public trust in the police must be maintained."[219] In August 2022, Hutabarat's former boss, Inspector General Ferdy Sambo, head of internal affairs of the Indonesian National Police, along with three others, was charged with Hutabarat's murder.[220][221]

Foreign policy

See also: List of international presidential trips made by Joko Widodo
 
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Joko Widodo in Rome, Italy on October 31, 2021
 
Joko Widodo and Salman of Saudi Arabia, 1 March 2017
 
Indonesian President Joko Widodo meeting Chinese President Xi Jinping
 
Joko Widodo and Prime Minister of Malaysia Ismail Sabri Yaakob, 1 April 2022
 
Widodo meeting with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Moscow on 30 June 2022

Before Jokowi's election, Indonesia's foreign policy under former president SBY was moulded by the mission statement, "A thousand friends and zero enemies".[222] Jokowi has mandated a three-pronged policy of maintaining Indonesia's sovereignty, enhancing the protection of Indonesian citizens, and intensifying economic diplomacy.[12]

Jokowi aspires Indonesia to become a global maritime power (Indonesian: poros maritim dunia or global maritime axis). He sees the sea as having an increasingly important role in Indonesia's future and that as a maritime country, Indonesia must assert itself as a force between the two oceans: the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The five pillars of this maritime-axis doctrine are rebuilding Indonesia's maritime culture, maintaining and managing marine resources, developing maritime infrastructure and connectivity as well as developing the shipping industry and maritime tourism, inviting other nations to cooperate in the marine field and eliminate the source of conflicts at sea, and developing maritime defence forces.[223] As part of this vision, Jokowi has adopted a tougher stance on illegal fishing.[224] He stated that Jakarta could no longer tolerate a situation where over 5,000 ships are operating illegally in its waters every day, making a mockery out of Indonesian sovereignty and resulting in annual losses of over $20 billion.[225][226]

On the territorial disputes in the South China Sea, particularly in the Natuna Islands where China's nine-dash line intercepts Indonesian EEZ claims, Jokowi stated that "there will be no compromise on sovereignty",[227] and renamed Indonesia's section of the waters in the South China Sea as "North Natuna Sea".[228] In June 2016, he held a cabinet meeting off the islands aboard the Indonesian Navy corvette KRI Imam Bonjol, calling to step up maritime patrols in the area.[229] Under his administration, Indonesia has released an "Indo-Pacific Vision" for ASEAN countries, which calls for regional architecture and considers the Indian and Pacific Oceans as a single interconnected geostrategic area.[230] Indonesia also entered a trilateral cooperation agreement with Malaysia and the Philippines, allowing coordinated patrols in the pirate-infested Sulu Sea.[231]

In the Muslim world, Jokowi released a statement calling for the Muslim leaders at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation summit meeting in Jakarta to unite in reconciliation and push for Palestinian independence.[232] Under Jokowi, Indonesia's Foreign Minister has visited Palestine but refused entreaties to establish bilateral diplomatic relations with Israel.[233] An honorary consul was established in Ramallah in the West Bank though it had to be inaugurated in Amman, Jordan.[234] Jokowi also condemned the persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and oversaw the departure of four Indonesian Air Force transport planes with 34 tons of relief supplies for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.[235][236] In October 2021, Jokowi advocated COVID-19 vaccine equity, urging richer countries to share their vaccines with poorer ones.[237]

Responding to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Jokowi visited both countries in July 2022, meeting with both Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin, emphasizing in statements the need for peace and for the restoration of global food supply chains.[238] As Indonesia hosted the 2022 G20 Summit that year, Jokowi also invited Zelenskyy to attend,[239] while resisting calls to revoke Russia's invitation to the summit.[240]

Capital relocation

By April 2019, it was made public that Jokowi had decided in a meeting with cabinet ministers to move the capital of Indonesia away from Jakarta to a location outside Java.[241] On 25 August 2019, it was further announced that the new capital would be located in Kalimantan, between the regencies of North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kartanegara.[242]

Jokowi Effect

The Jokowi Effect (Indonesian: Efek Jokowi) is a term coined to describe the influence of media popularity of Jokowi on Indonesian politics and the Indonesian economy. When Jokowi was declared as a presidential candidate in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election it is believed that the popularity of the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle was boosted to 30% in the 2014 Indonesian legislative election.[243] Meanwhile, in the capital market, the effect is said to have stimulated the Indonesian stock market and Rupiah, because Jokowi was regarded as having a clean track record.[244]

Family and personal life

 
Joko Widodo and First Lady Iriana host Philippine President Bongbong Marcos at the Bogor Palace in Java on 5 September 2022

Jokowi married his wife Iriana in 1986. The couple has two sons and one daughter.[245] Their first son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka (born 1 October 1987), studied abroad in Sydney and Singapore (at the Management Development Institute of Singapore, MDIS) and currently runs a catering and wedding-planning business in Surakarta. Their only daughter, Kahiyang Ayu (born 20 April 1991), completed an undergraduate degree in food technology at the state-owned Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta. Their second son, Kaesang Pangarep (born 25 December 1994), completed his high school years in ACS International, Singapore,[246] and is an online vlogger. Jokowi has five grandchildren: a grandson and a granddaughter from Gibran (born in 2016 and 2019 respectively)[247] and a granddaughter and two grandsons from Kahiyang (born in 2018, 2020 and 2022 respectively).[248][249]

Several members of Jokowi's family have declared their intentions to enter politics by running as candidates in 2020 local elections. Gibran has declared his candidacy for the mayorship of Surakarta, in addition to his son-in-law Bobby Nasution (Medan) and brother-in-law Wahyu Purwanto (Gunung Kidul Regency).[250] Gibran and Bobby won their elections, and both took office in 2021.[251]

Jokowi has been described as "Muslim but broadly secular in his outlook".[252] His statement in 2019 that religion and politics should be separated prompted a public debate on whether he was promoting secularism in the country.[253] In June 2013, a film titled Jokowi, depicting Jokowi's childhood and youth, was released.[254] He expressed some objections to the film, saying that he felt his life had been a simple one and was not worthy of being adapted into a film.[255]

According to The Economist, Jokowi "has a penchant for loud rock music" and owned a bass guitar signed by Robert Trujillo of heavy metal band Metallica which was confiscated by the KPK.[256] In November 2017, Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen, who was on an official visit to Jakarta, gave Jokowi a Metallica Master of Puppets vinyl box set as a diplomatic gift. It was signed by the band's drummer and co-founder, Lars Ulrich, a Danish native.[257] Under his policy of transparency, Jokowi paid IDR 11 million ($800) out of his personal funds to claim the record, which had been declared a state asset to avoid accusations of gratification.[258] He is also a fan of other metal bands including Lamb of God, Carcass and Napalm Death.[259] On 2 November 2013, while he was the Governor of Jakarta, he was seen in the rock festival Rock in Solo in casual dress.[260]

He has also been noted by many to be very similar in appearance to former US president Barack Obama;[261][262] his outsider political profile also inspired comparisons to Obama.[263][264]

Jokowi is a silat practitioner. He had been practicing Setia Hati Terate style from Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate school since his time at junior high school and eventually mastering it. He attained first degree pendekar warga rank of the silat school on 16 November 2013.[265][266][267]

Awards and honours

 
Joko Widodo portrait with his presidential decorations
 
Coat of arms as member of the Order of the Seraphim

National honours

  •   Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Mahaputera, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Merit, 1st Class – 2011[269]
  •   Star of Humanity – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Democracy Upholder, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Culture Parama Dharma – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Bhayangkara, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Guerilla Star – 2014[268]
  •   Sacred Star – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Dharma – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Yudha Dharma, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Kartika Eka Paksi, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Navy Star, 1st Class – 2014[268]
  •   Star of Swa Bhuwana Paksa, 1st Class – 2014[268]

Foreign honours

Other

2008: Listed by Tempo as one of the 'Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008'.[277]

2012: Ranked 3rd at the 2012 World Mayor Prize for "transforming a crime-ridden city into a regional centre for art and culture and an attractive city to tourists".[278]

2013: Listed as one of "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2013" in Foreign Policy magazine. In February 2013, he was nominated as the global mayor of the month by the City Mayors Foundation, based in London.[279]

2014: Listed by Fortune as one of "The World's 50 Greatest Leaders".[280]

2016–2017: List by "The Muslim 500" as one of the most influential Muslims in the world, which ranked 11 in 2016 and 13 in 2017.[281][282]

2020: Sheikh Khalid bin Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan renamed a street in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates after him.[283]

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Further reading

  • Majeed, Rushda (2012). "The City With a Short Fuse." Foreign Policy. September.
  • Majeed, Rushda (2012). Innovations for Successful Societies. Princeton University. Published July.
  • McCawley, Peter (2014). Joko Widodo's Indonesia: Possible future paths, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joko Widodo.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Joko Widodo.
  • The ‘Jokowi Effect’ Could Be the Most Important Thing in Indonesia’s Elections
  • The key to understanding Indonesia’s upcoming elections? The Jokowi Effect
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Surakarta
2005–2012 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Jakarta
2012–2014 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Indonesia
2014–present 		Incumbent
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Chairperson of the Group of 20
2022 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairperson of the ASEAN
2023 		Incumbent

May 18, 2023
joko, widodo, this, indonesian, name, there, family, name, patronymic, person, should, referred, given, name, indonesian, dʒɔkɔ, widɔdɔ, mulyono, born, june, 1961, popularly, known, jokowi, indonesian, politician, businessman, seventh, current, president, indo. In this Indonesian name there is no family name nor a patronymic and the person should be referred to by the given name Joko Widodo Joko Widodo Indonesian dʒɔkɔ widɔdɔ ne Mulyono born 21 June 1961 popularly known as Jokowi is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the seventh and current president of Indonesia A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle PDI P he was the country s first president to not have emerged from the country s political or military elite He previously served as governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012 Joko WidodoOfficial portrait 20197th President of IndonesiaIncumbentAssumed office 20 October 2014Vice PresidentJusuf Kalla 2014 2019 Ma ruf Amin 2019 present Preceded bySusilo Bambang Yudhoyono14th Governor of JakartaIn office 15 October 2012 16 October 2014DeputyBasuki Tjahaja PurnamaPreceded byFauzi BowoSucceeded byBasuki Tjahaja Purnama15th Mayor of SurakartaIn office 28 July 2005 1 October 2012DeputyF X Hadi RudyatmoPreceded bySlamet SuryantoSucceeded byF X Hadi RudyatmoPersonal detailsBornMulyono 1961 06 21 21 June 1961 age 61 Surakarta Central Java IndonesiaPolitical partyPDI PSpouseIriana m 1986 wbr ChildrenGibranKahiyangKaesangResidencesBogor Palace Merdeka Palace various other palacesAlma materGadjah Mada UniversitySignatureWebsitePresidential websiteJokowi was born and raised in a riverside slum in Surakarta He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985 and married his wife Iriana a year later He worked as a carpenter and a furniture exporter before being elected mayor of Surakarta in 2005 1 2 He achieved national prominence as mayor and was elected governor of Jakarta in 2012 3 with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as his deputy 4 5 As governor he reinvigorated local politics introduced publicised blusukan visits unannounced spot checks 6 and improved the city s bureaucracy reducing corruption in the process He also introduced years late programs to improve quality of life including universal healthcare dredged the city s main river to reduce flooding and inaugurated the construction of the city s subway system 7 In 2014 he was nominated as the PDI P s candidate in that year s presidential election 8 choosing Jusuf Kalla as his running mate Jokowi was elected over his opponent Prabowo Subianto who disputed the outcome of the election and was inaugurated on 20 October 2014 9 10 Since taking office Jokowi has focused on economic growth and infrastructure development as well as an ambitious health and education agenda 11 On foreign policy his administration has emphasised protecting Indonesia s sovereignty 12 with the sinking of illegal foreign fishing vessels 13 and the prioritising and scheduling of capital punishment for drug smugglers The latter was despite intense representations and diplomatic protests from foreign powers including Australia and France 14 15 He was re elected in 2019 for a second five year term again defeating Prabowo Subianto 16 Contents 1 Early life 1 1 Business career 2 Political career 2 1 Mayor of Surakarta 2 2 Governor of Jakarta 3 Presidential candidacies 3 1 2014 3 2 2019 4 Presidency of Indonesia 4 1 Government and cabinets 4 2 Economy 4 3 Politics 4 4 Law and human rights 4 5 Foreign policy 4 6 Capital relocation 5 Jokowi Effect 6 Family and personal life 7 Awards and honours 7 1 National honours 7 2 Foreign honours 7 3 Other 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksEarly life EditJokowi was born Mulyono on 21 June 1961 in Surakarta 17 and is of Javanese descent 18 He is the eldest of four siblings and is the only son of Noto Mihardjo father and Sudjiatmi Notomihardjo mother He has three younger sisters named Iit Sriyantini Ida Yati and Titik Relawati 19 20 His father came from Karanganyar while his grandparents came from a village in Boyolali 21 Jokowi was often sick as a toddler and his name was thus changed a common practice in Javanese culture to Joko Widodo with widodo meaning healthy in Javanese 18 At the age of 12 he started working in his father s furniture workshop 22 23 Jokowi s family lived in three different rented homes one of which the government declared condemned property during his youth which greatly affected him Later he organized low income housing in Surakarta during his years as mayor of that city 24 Jokowi s education began at State Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso an ordinary public school 25 He continued his studies at State Junior High School 1 Surakarta 26 Later he wanted to attend State Senior High School 1 Surakarta but did not score high enough on the entrance exam so he enrolled in the newer State Senior High School 6 in that city 27 Business career Edit After graduating from university Jokowi began work at PT Kertas Kraft Aceh id a state owned firm in Aceh Sumatra 28 He worked in the present day Bener Meriah Regency between 1986 and 1988 as a supervisor of forestry and raw materials of a Pinus merkusii plantation 29 30 However Jokowi soon became uninterested in his activities in the firm and returned home He began working in his grandfather s furniture factory for a year before establishing his own company Rakabu whose namesake is his first child The company which mainly focused on teak furniture nearly went bankrupt at one point but survived following an IDR 500 million loan from Perusahaan Gas Negara By 1991 the company began exporting its products and they were successful in international markets The firm first established a presence in the European market in France and it was a French customer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the nickname Jokowi 28 31 2 By 2002 Jokowi had become the chairman of Surakarta s furniture manufacturers association 2 Ultimately he decided to become a politician and promote reform in his home town Surakarta after seeing the neat layouts of some European cities while promoting his furniture there 23 After becoming mayor he also made a joint venture with politician and former lieutenant general Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan when the two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera from Rakabu and Luhut s PT Toba Sejahtera 32 33 In 2018 Jokowi reported his net worth to be Rp 50 25 billion US 3 5 million mostly in the form of property holdings in Central Java and Jakarta 34 Political career EditMayor of Surakarta Edit Official Portrait of Joko Widodo as the Mayor of Surakarta Joko Widodo as Surakarta s mayor and his deputy F X Hadi Rudyatmo in traditional Javanese wayang wong costume After first joining PDI P in 2004 Jokowi ran in the mayoral race in Surakarta in 2005 with F X Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate with the support of PDI P and the National Awakening Party 35 36 The pair won 36 62 of the vote against the incumbent Slamet Suryanto and two other candidates During the campaign many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman However one academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people through which he was able to induce people s strong faith in him 37 He adopted the development framework of European cities which he frequently travelled to as a businessman as a guide for changes in Surakarta 38 His notable policies as mayor include 39 building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets constructing a 7 km city walk with a 3 meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta s main street revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city s main streets rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline The Spirit of Java promoting the city as a centre for meetings incentives conventions and exhibitions MICE launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents a local bus rapid transit system named Batik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Park which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project 40 It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted the blusukan an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people s issues which proved popular later in his political career He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects therefore suppressing the risk of corruption His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governor Bibit Waluyo who on one occasion called Jokowi a fool for the latter s opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta 41 His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city s branding with the motto Solo The Spirit of Java While in office he successfully relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green space he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television As a follow up of the city s new branding he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities which was approved in 2006 and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation s conference in October 2008 citation needed In 2007 Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival Festival Musik Dunia FMD held at the complex of Fort Vastenburg near the centre of the city The following year it was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex citation needed Part of Jokowi style was his populist can do punya gaye elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate 37 As mayor he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to 1 million IDR 8 9 billion owed to the state owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara PLN citation needed Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills it imposed a blackout on street lights in the city just before Christmas The city government quickly authorised payment but in settling the bill protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action To reinforce the point Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8 9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins 42 In 2010 he was re elected for a second term again running with Hadi They won 90 09 of the vote losing in only a single polling station 43 He was later chosen as the Tempo Leader of Choice by Tempo news magazine 2008 and received a Changemakers Award from Republika newspaper 2010 his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta long before PDI P s nomination including those by University of Indonesia and Cyrus Network 2011 37 In 2012 Jokowi faced a smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for the governorship of Jakarta 44 A group calling itself Save Solo Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team TS3 reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission KPK for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010 The KPK investigated the allegation found it was based on false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds 45 Governor of Jakarta Edit Joko Widodo s two versions of official portrait as Governor of Jakarta 2012 Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor 46 Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round 3 His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as FX Hadi Rudy Rudyatmo Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama Ahok his deputy as governor of Jakarta 47 48 Jokowi continued the blusukan practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers especially slums During these visits he wore simple informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents such as the price of food housing difficulties flooding and transportation Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia 49 After taking office taxes and Jakarta s provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014 50 Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the provincial budget 51 52 They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency such as online taxes e budgeting e purchasing and a cash management system 51 Moreover all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube 53 Jokowi on a blusukan neighborhood visit in Jakarta In healthcare Jokowi introduced a universal health care program the Healthy Jakarta Card Kartu Jakarta Sehat KJS 54 It involved an insurance program provided through state owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia Persero and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20 000 services and procedures 55 The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues 56 though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience In education Jokowi launched the Smart Jakarta Card Kartu Jakarta Pintar KJP on 1 December 2012 to help needy students It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms 57 His administration s other notable policies include a system of bureaucratic recruitment called lelang jabatan literally auction of office position giving every civil servant the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications 58 regulation of the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang 59 60 the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to reduce flooding 61 62 63 and the inauguration of long delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT 64 65 As governor Jokowi also appointed a non Muslim lurah subdistrict chief for the Muslim majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents 66 Former deputy governor Prijanto claimed that Jokowi had carried out maladministration when abusing government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate 67 In 2013 Jokowi was reported to the National Commission on Human Rights over the eviction of the squatters near Pluit In previous political contracts he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations 68 69 Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low cost apartments 70 71 Presidential candidacies Edit2014 Edit See also 2014 Indonesian presidential election and Joko Widodo 2014 presidential campaign Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi to be the presidential candidate of her party 8 During the campaign a social media volunteer team JASMEV once made a provocative statement by threatening that Islam would not be given a space in Indonesia if Jokowi won the 2014 election 72 73 The group was paid IDR 500 million to campaign for the Joko Widodo Jusuf Kalla ticket during the 2014 election 74 Following the release of Quick Count results from many different polls Jokowi declared victory on 9 July However his opponent Prabowo also declared victory creating confusion among the population 75 On 22 July hours before the announcement of the election results Prabowo withdrew 76 Jokowi s victory was expected and realised hours later 77 76 The General Elections Commission KPU gave him a close victory with 53 15 of the vote almost 71 million votes to Prabowo s 46 85 62 million votes 78 though Prabowo s camp disputed these totals 79 After his victory Jokowi stated that growing up under the authoritarian and corrupt New Order regime he would have never expected someone with a lower class background to become president The New York Times reported him as saying now it s quite similar to America yeah There is the American dream and here we have the Indonesian dream 80 Jokowi was the first Indonesian president outside the military or the political elite and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician as someone who is our neighbour who decided to get into politics and run for president 80 2019 Edit See also 2019 Indonesian general election and Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign In 2018 Jokowi announced that he would run for re election next year His vice president Jusuf Kalla was not eligible for another term because of the term limits set for president and vice president Kalla had already served a five year term as vice president during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono s first term 2004 2009 Speculation surrounding Jokowi s choice of running mate focused on several candidates including Mahfud MD a former defence minister and chief justice of the Constitutional Court In a surprise move Jokowi announced that Ma ruf Amin would be his running mate Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice presidential candidacy Ma ruf was selected instead following a push by several constituent parties of Jokowi s governing coalition and influential Islamic figures 81 Explaining his decision Jokowi referred to Ma ruf s extensive experience in government and religious affairs 82 The KPU officially announced that the Joko Widodo Ma ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the early hours of 21 May 2019 83 The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi 55 50 and 68 million votes for Prabowo 44 50 84 Supporters of Prabowo protested in Jakarta against the result and it turned into a riot which left eight people dead and over 600 injured 85 Following the protests Prabowo s campaign team launched a Constitutional Court lawsuit but was rejected in its entirety 86 Presidency of Indonesia EditSee also First inauguration of Joko Widodo and Second inauguration of Joko Widodo Joko Widodo recites the oath of office in 2014 top and 2019 bottom Joko Widodo s official presidential portraits during his first term released in 2014 L and 2016 R Government and cabinets Edit See also Working Cabinet 2014 2019 and Onward Indonesia Cabinet Joko Widodo s initial cabinet lines up in 2014 up and 2019 down Despite vowing not to give government positions simply to political allies during the 2014 campaign many members of political parties received ministerial positions in Jokowi s first cabinet 87 88 The first year of Jokowi s administration saw him controlling a minority government until Golkar the second largest party in the People s Representative Council DPR switched from opposition to the government Jokowi denied accusations of interfering with Golkar s internal affairs although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change 89 His cabinet s Minister of Industry Airlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar in 2018 90 The National Mandate Party PAN had also switched sides beforehand but later returned to being the opposition in 2018 91 92 Jokowi announced the 34 names in his cabinet on 26 October 2014 93 While it was praised for the inclusiveness of women with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia s first female foreign minister it received criticism for several perceived political inclusions such as Puan Maharani daughter of Megawati Sukarnoputri 94 The Jokowi administration also saw the formation of two new ministries Ministry of Public Works and Housing and Ministry of Environment and Forestry from a merger of old ministries in addition to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries 95 He conducted a total of three cabinet reshuffles until 2018 removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli and Bambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such as Luhut and World Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati 96 Another reshuffle occurred in December 2020 replacing six ministers including two apprehended by the KPK 97 He was criticised by PDI P over perceived policy weaknesses and PDI P legislator Effendi Simbolon called for his impeachment 98 On 9 April 2015 during a PDI P Congress party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi as a functionary She noted that presidential candidates are nominated by political parties hinting that Jokowi owed his position to the party and should carry out its policy line 99 100 Several months prior Megawati and Jokowi had disputed over the appointment of a new police chief with Megawati supporting her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supported Badrodin Haiti 89 101 102 Following his re election Jokowi announced his second cabinet on 23 October 2019 He retained several ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also included Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim and two time presidential rival Prabowo Subianto as education and defence ministers respectively 103 In the first year of his second presidential term his approval rating fell to 45 2 and the disapproval rating was 52 104 105 His deputy Ma ruf Amin had a 67 disapproval rating The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies At the start of 2023 his approval ratings had reached an all time high of 76 2 following easing of COVID 19 restrictions 106 Economy Edit Before taking office Jokowi sought for outgoing president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono SBY to take responsibility for the decision to further increase fuel prices 107 by further removing subsidies 108 Previous attempts by SBY to do so had resulted in civil unrest 107 On 1 January 2015 Jokowi took measures that on the surface appeared to reduce fuel subsidies 109 110 The policy stirred up some demonstrations with Jokowi citing it as necessary to increase funding for the infrastructure education and health sectors 111 However since March 2015 the government has set the price of Premium branded gasoline far below the market price causing the fuel subsidy to be incurred by state owned oil company Pertamina instead of the direct government account 112 Additionally the government also implemented a single price program aiming to sell fuel through official channels at the same price nationally including in isolated parts of Kalimantan and Papua The government claimed that this was achieved in 2017 113 In the first quarter of 2015 year on year GDP grew 4 92 and in the second quarter it grew 4 6 the lowest figure since 2009 114 115 116 Since then growth has remained above the 5 mark which is still below what is considered a healthy economic growth mark of 6 117 The Indonesian rupiah IDR has also weakened throughout Jokowi s administration with its exchange rate per US dollar briefly passing IDR 15 000 in 2018 the lowest level since the 1997 Asian financial crisis and sank lower to 16 700 in 2020 118 119 The year on year inflation in June 2015 was 7 26 higher than in May 7 15 and June the year before 6 7 120 Jokowi s administration continued the resource nationalism policy of its predecessor nationalising some assets controlled by multinational companies such as Freeport McMoRan TotalEnergies and Chevron In 2018 in a move aimed to cut imports oil companies operating in Indonesia were ordered to sell their crude oil to state owned Pertamina 121 A ban was also enforced on the exports of raw nickel ore intended to help promote the development of local nickel related industries such as smelters and battery factories 122 The policy was further extended with export bans of unprocessed copper tin bauxite and gold ores expected to come into force in mid 2023 123 Infrastructure development has been a significant feature of the Jokowi administration focusing on road and railway expansion seaports and airports development and irrigation In 2016 the state budget allocated Rp 290 trillion US 22 billion for infrastructure the biggest in Indonesian history 124 In total his administration planned 265 infrastructure projects starting in 2016 125 In September 2015 Indonesia awarded a 5 5 billion high speed rail project to China 126 127 to Japan s disappointment which is also vying for the project 128 Indonesia s transportation ministry laid out a litany of shortcomings in plans for the project casting doubt on the project and spotlighting Jokowi s limits in turning mega projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors 129 Other significant projects include the completion of the 4 325 kilometer Trans Papua road and the Trans Java Toll Road 130 131 initial construction of the Trans Sulawesi Railway 132 and the Trans Sumatra Toll Road 133 a US 50 billion plan to develop the maritime sector including 24 strategic ports 134 and expansion of airport capacity in remote areas 135 The ports development and modernisation program dubbed the Sea Toll Road program was aimed to reduce price inequality between the better developed western parts of the country and the less populated eastern parts 136 In addition to the major projects the Jokowi administration also implemented a village fund program in which villages across the country received funding to allocate on basic infrastructures such as roads and water supply tourism development and village enterprises to improve rural economies 137 138 The initial campaign promise was that IDR 1 4 billion around US 100 000 would be allocated for every village annually 139 though as of 2019 less than a billion was allocated 140 Between 2015 and 2018 IDR 187 trillion US 14 billion had been reallocated through the program 141 The administration has targeted to streamline land certification across the country aiming to distribute certificates of land ownership across the country completely It involved increasing the issuing rate of certificates from around 500 000 to several million annually 142 143 In 2016 the administration signed into law a tax amnesty bill following a lengthy public debate and push back giving wealthy Indonesians a chance to declare their unreported assets before the government would strengthen rules and oversight around imports and exports It became the most successful program of its kind in history with over IDR 4 865 trillion approximately US 366 billion of previously unreported assets declared to the tax office 144 145 Jokowi at the opening ceremony of the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow Scotland on 1 November 2021 The opposition criticised the aggressive spending on infrastructure as it increased Indonesia s national debt by 48 between 2014 and March 2018 to US 181 billion They also pointed out that most of the debt was allocated for remunerations rather than infrastructure development 146 147 148 In April 2018 Jokowi also issued a new policy that allows foreign workers in Indonesia without Indonesian language skills requirement 149 reasoning that it would increase investments 150 The policy faced significant opposition from local labour unions who claimed that the policy would increase unemployment rates 151 152 In 2020 the DPR passed the Omnibus Law on Job Creation Though intended to boost investment and reduce red tape it is also perceived as weakening labour and environmental protections causing a series of protests in major cities Jokowi defended the law by saying that it would be needed to create jobs and called for protesters to lodge a challenge instead to the Constitutional Court of Indonesia 153 The law which revised over 70 previous laws and contained some 1 200 clauses had been put forward by Jokowi following his 2019 re election Several groups had criticised the opaqueness of the government during the deliberation of the law 154 In the same year Indonesia hit the lowest inflation level in history 155 and faced the first economic recession since the 1997 Asian Financial crisis 156 In November 2021 Jokowi promised to end and reverse deforestation in Indonesia by 2030 in the COP26 climate summit s first major agreement 157 158 Politics Edit Joko Widodo and U S president Joe Biden 1 November 2021 Jokowi visiting the destroyed village of Petobo after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami Early in his first term the opposition coalition within the DPR attempted to revoke a regulation Perppu Government Regulation in Lieu of Acts issued by Jokowi s predecessor which had guaranteed the holding of direct regional elections in Indonesia and overrode a legislator issued bill which arranged for indirect elections 159 Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to revoke the regulation stating that direct regional elections was in principle non negotiable 160 Within the first three years of his administration Jokowi issued four such Perppu 161 Jokowi s government including parties which opposed him during presidential elections have been described as a big tent government and by former Singaporean foreign minister George Yeo as democracy with Javanese characteristics 162 Law and human rights Edit See also Bali Nine and Capital punishment in Indonesia Judicial executions in Indonesia are carried out under a presidential decree following a death sentence imposed by a trial court 163 Jokowi in 2015 said he would not grant clemency for drug offenders sentenced to death arguing Indonesia was in a state of emergency over drug related crimes citing statistics the Jakarta Globe reported to be faulty 164 165 His stance drew criticism as it could harm relations with the native countries of the condemned convicts 166 and also imperil Indonesians facing the death penalty abroad 167 168 Australia Brazil and the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors from Indonesia following multiple executions in 2015 14 169 Australia reduced its foreign aid to Indonesia by nearly half 170 and Amnesty International issued a condemnation saying they showed a complete disregard for due process and human rights safeguards 171 Former Indonesian Constitutional Court chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie who was a key player in the anti death penalty lobby in Jakarta said the push for the execution of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan had come from Jokowi personally 172 The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Jokowi did not have or read related documents when he refused their clemency requests 173 In the same year Jokowi granted Frenchman Serge Atlaoui and Filipino Mary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves due to pending legal appeals 173 As of 2017 around 260 people remain on death row in Indonesia 174 Regarding terrorism Jokowi s administration in early 2016 proposed replacing the 2003 anti terrorism law Following the 2018 Surabaya bombings the worst terrorist attack on Indonesian soil since the 2002 Bali bombings the controversial bill passed allowing the Indonesian National Armed Forces to participate in counter terrorism activities upon police request and presidential approval 175 It also allowed extended detention of terror suspects and permitted wiretapping without initial court approval 176 Jokowi had threatened to issue a presidential regulation in lieu of law perppu if the bill did not pass the parliament by June that year 177 During Jokowi s administration there have been numerous instances where people were arrested or reported to police for activities deemed insulting to the president 178 179 Rights activists deem such arrests as a violation of the Constitution s guarantee of freedom of speech 180 181 A group claiming to be Jokowi s supporters reported Tempo magazine to police over a caricature of Jokowi as Pinocchio 182 183 after which the Presidential Palace issued a statement saying the President respected freedom of press and speech 184 A book about Jokowi titled Jokowi Undercover was banned upon release and its author sentenced to three years in prison 185 and buyers of the book being advised to surrender their copies to the authorities 186 Tempo magazine described the 436 page book as trashy and tasteless a compilation of hoax reports on President Joko Widodo scattered across the internet and cyber chatrooms 187 The government s plans to resurrect a Dutch colonial law that would permit imprisonment for insulting the president resulted in widespread protests 188 189 A Law Firm and Public Interest Law Office AMAR institution later reported following the protests that they received many complaints of students regarding threats and sanctions of expulsion or suspension from their schools and universities 190 In addition a remission granted to a journalist s murderer was revoked following media criticism 191 192 Since 2019 a series of mass protests and civil unrests were held across the country against some controversial policies In response to major protests Jokowi s administration has generated some controversies On 22 May 2019 amid post election riots by supporters of losing presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto the government limited the speed at which photos and videos could be shared on social media to stop people from being incited by fake news and calls for violence 193 194 In the aftermath Amnesty International s Indonesian office denounced repressive measures against the demonstrators condemned them as a grave human rights abuse and demanded the government investigate the extrajudicial executions in the clashes 195 196 In August and September 2019 the government blocked internet access in Papua and West Papua provinces amid violent protests against racism Jakarta State Administrative Court in 2020 ruled the internet blocks in Papua illegal 197 This article may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints or discuss the issue on the talk page July 2022 In 2017 Jokowi supported a controversial bill on mass organisations which upon passing resulted in the disbandment of the Indonesian branch of Hizb ut Tahrir He argued the law was necessary to defend the national ideology Pancasila 198 The 2020 banning of the Islamic Defenders Front FPI was also based on that law 199 Twenty three days earlier police had shot dead six FPI members during a confrontation 200 201 The president s subsequent defence of the police during their duty and his statement that no citizens should break the law or harm the country 202 203 was criticised by FPI secretary general Munarman as a justification of human rights abuse and structural violence 204 A police chief involved in the car chase and subsequent murder claimed that the members were armed 200 After the passing of several controversial bills and repressive crackdowns from security officers on major protests since 2019 205 his presidency has been criticised for Neo Authoritarianism 206 207 208 209 The South China Morning Post even named him a Little Suharto 1 A premium price hike of public health care BPJS Kesehatan through Executive Order Perpres 64 2020 was criticised as a flagrant breach of permanent Supreme Court Mahkamah Agung decision 210 that nullified the Perpres 82 2018 about the price hike The Perpres 64 2020 itself was signed amid the COVID 19 pandemic that had caused hardship among the population 211 212 His former deputy mayor of Surakarta F X Hadi Rudyatmo also voiced similar concerns 213 Jokowi s presidency coincided with the 50th anniversary of the Indonesian mass killings of 1965 66 in 2015 A government supported symposium to resolve human rights violations surrounding the event was held in 2016 but Jokowi said his government would not apologise to the victims of the mass purge 214 215 On LGBT rights Jokowi stated that there should be no discrimination against anyone but added that in terms of our beliefs the LGBT lifestyle isn t allowed Islam does not allow it 216 Under his presidency the controversial transmigration program was cut once more when in 2015 it was decided to end the migration program to the Papuan provinces 217 Following the July 2022 murder of Nofriansyah Yosua Hutabarat an Indonesian police officer there were allegations of police involvement in a cover up Police chief General Listyo Sigit Prabowo took over the investigation forming a special team including members of the Human Rights Commission and Police Commissions 218 Jokowi was keen for the force to be open about what happens Open it as it is No cover up Transparent That s it This is important so that the people don t have doubts over the incident that occurred This is what has to be maintained Public trust in the police must be maintained 219 In August 2022 Hutabarat s former boss Inspector General Ferdy Sambo head of internal affairs of the Indonesian National Police along with three others was charged with Hutabarat s murder 220 221 Foreign policy Edit See also List of international presidential trips made by Joko Widodo Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Joko Widodo in Rome Italy on October 31 2021 Joko Widodo and Salman of Saudi Arabia 1 March 2017 Indonesian President Joko Widodo meeting Chinese President Xi Jinping Joko Widodo and Prime Minister of Malaysia Ismail Sabri Yaakob 1 April 2022 Widodo meeting with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Moscow on 30 June 2022 Before Jokowi s election Indonesia s foreign policy under former president SBY was moulded by the mission statement A thousand friends and zero enemies 222 Jokowi has mandated a three pronged policy of maintaining Indonesia s sovereignty enhancing the protection of Indonesian citizens and intensifying economic diplomacy 12 Jokowi aspires Indonesia to become a global maritime power Indonesian poros maritim dunia or global maritime axis He sees the sea as having an increasingly important role in Indonesia s future and that as a maritime country Indonesia must assert itself as a force between the two oceans the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean The five pillars of this maritime axis doctrine are rebuilding Indonesia s maritime culture maintaining and managing marine resources developing maritime infrastructure and connectivity as well as developing the shipping industry and maritime tourism inviting other nations to cooperate in the marine field and eliminate the source of conflicts at sea and developing maritime defence forces 223 As part of this vision Jokowi has adopted a tougher stance on illegal fishing 224 He stated that Jakarta could no longer tolerate a situation where over 5 000 ships are operating illegally in its waters every day making a mockery out of Indonesian sovereignty and resulting in annual losses of over 20 billion 225 226 On the territorial disputes in the South China Sea particularly in the Natuna Islands where China s nine dash line intercepts Indonesian EEZ claims Jokowi stated that there will be no compromise on sovereignty 227 and renamed Indonesia s section of the waters in the South China Sea as North Natuna Sea 228 In June 2016 he held a cabinet meeting off the islands aboard the Indonesian Navy corvette KRI Imam Bonjol calling to step up maritime patrols in the area 229 Under his administration Indonesia has released an Indo Pacific Vision for ASEAN countries which calls for regional architecture and considers the Indian and Pacific Oceans as a single interconnected geostrategic area 230 Indonesia also entered a trilateral cooperation agreement with Malaysia and the Philippines allowing coordinated patrols in the pirate infested Sulu Sea 231 In the Muslim world Jokowi released a statement calling for the Muslim leaders at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation summit meeting in Jakarta to unite in reconciliation and push for Palestinian independence 232 Under Jokowi Indonesia s Foreign Minister has visited Palestine but refused entreaties to establish bilateral diplomatic relations with Israel 233 An honorary consul was established in Ramallah in the West Bank though it had to be inaugurated in Amman Jordan 234 Jokowi also condemned the persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and oversaw the departure of four Indonesian Air Force transport planes with 34 tons of relief supplies for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh 235 236 In October 2021 Jokowi advocated COVID 19 vaccine equity urging richer countries to share their vaccines with poorer ones 237 Responding to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Jokowi visited both countries in July 2022 meeting with both Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasizing in statements the need for peace and for the restoration of global food supply chains 238 As Indonesia hosted the 2022 G20 Summit that year Jokowi also invited Zelenskyy to attend 239 while resisting calls to revoke Russia s invitation to the summit 240 Capital relocation Edit By April 2019 it was made public that Jokowi had decided in a meeting with cabinet ministers to move the capital of Indonesia away from Jakarta to a location outside Java 241 On 25 August 2019 it was further announced that the new capital would be located in Kalimantan between the regencies of North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kartanegara 242 Jokowi Effect EditThe Jokowi Effect Indonesian Efek Jokowi is a term coined to describe the influence of media popularity of Jokowi on Indonesian politics and the Indonesian economy When Jokowi was declared as a presidential candidate in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election it is believed that the popularity of the Indonesian Democratic Party Struggle was boosted to 30 in the 2014 Indonesian legislative election 243 Meanwhile in the capital market the effect is said to have stimulated the Indonesian stock market and Rupiah because Jokowi was regarded as having a clean track record 244 Family and personal life Edit Joko Widodo and First Lady Iriana host Philippine President Bongbong Marcos at the Bogor Palace in Java on 5 September 2022 Jokowi married his wife Iriana in 1986 The couple has two sons and one daughter 245 Their first son Gibran Rakabuming Raka born 1 October 1987 studied abroad in Sydney and Singapore at the Management Development Institute of Singapore MDIS and currently runs a catering and wedding planning business in Surakarta Their only daughter Kahiyang Ayu born 20 April 1991 completed an undergraduate degree in food technology at the state owned Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta Their second son Kaesang Pangarep born 25 December 1994 completed his high school years in ACS International Singapore 246 and is an online vlogger Jokowi has five grandchildren a grandson and a granddaughter from Gibran born in 2016 and 2019 respectively 247 and a granddaughter and two grandsons from Kahiyang born in 2018 2020 and 2022 respectively 248 249 Several members of Jokowi s family have declared their intentions to enter politics by running as candidates in 2020 local elections Gibran has declared his candidacy for the mayorship of Surakarta in addition to his son in law Bobby Nasution Medan and brother in law Wahyu Purwanto Gunung Kidul Regency 250 Gibran and Bobby won their elections and both took office in 2021 251 Jokowi has been described as Muslim but broadly secular in his outlook 252 His statement in 2019 that religion and politics should be separated prompted a public debate on whether he was promoting secularism in the country 253 In June 2013 a film titled Jokowi depicting Jokowi s childhood and youth was released 254 He expressed some objections to the film saying that he felt his life had been a simple one and was not worthy of being adapted into a film 255 According to The Economist Jokowi has a penchant for loud rock music and owned a bass guitar signed by Robert Trujillo of heavy metal band Metallica which was confiscated by the KPK 256 In November 2017 Danish Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen who was on an official visit to Jakarta gave Jokowi a Metallica Master of Puppets vinyl box set as a diplomatic gift It was signed by the band s drummer and co founder Lars Ulrich a Danish native 257 Under his policy of transparency Jokowi paid IDR 11 million 800 out of his personal funds to claim the record which had been declared a state asset to avoid accusations of gratification 258 He is also a fan of other metal bands including Lamb of God Carcass and Napalm Death 259 On 2 November 2013 while he was the Governor of Jakarta he was seen in the rock festival Rock in Solo in casual dress 260 He has also been noted by many to be very similar in appearance to former US president Barack Obama 261 262 his outsider political profile also inspired comparisons to Obama 263 264 Jokowi is a silat practitioner He had been practicing Setia Hati Terate style from Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate school since his time at junior high school and eventually mastering it He attained first degree pendekar warga rank of the silat school on 16 November 2013 265 266 267 Awards and honours Edit Joko Widodo portrait with his presidential decorations Coat of arms as member of the Order of the Seraphim National honours Edit Star of the Republic of Indonesia 1st Class 2014 268 Star of Mahaputera 1st Class 2014 268 Star of Merit 1st Class 2011 269 Star of Humanity 2014 268 Star of Democracy Upholder 1st Class 2014 268 Star of Culture Parama Dharma 2014 268 Star of Bhayangkara 1st Class 2014 268 Guerilla Star 2014 268 Sacred Star 2014 268 Star of Dharma 2014 268 Star of Yudha Dharma 1st Class 2014 268 Star of Kartika Eka Paksi 1st Class 2014 268 Navy Star 1st Class 2014 268 Star of Swa Bhuwana Paksa 1st Class 2014 268 Foreign honours Edit Brunei The Most Esteemed Family Order of Brunei DK 7 February 2015 270 271 Sultan of Brunei Golden Jubilee Medal 6 October 2017 272 Saudi Arabia Order of Abdulaziz al Saud 12 September 2015 273 East Timor Great collar of the Order of Timor Leste 26 January 2016 274 Sweden Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim 22 May 2017 275 Afghanistan Medal of Ghazi Amanullah 29 January 2018 276 Other Edit 2008 Listed by Tempo as one of the Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008 277 2012 Ranked 3rd at the 2012 World Mayor Prize for transforming a crime ridden city into a regional centre 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March 2017 Retrieved 9 October 2017 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Jokowi 2013 IMDb Archived from the original on 26 December 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2014 Aziza Kurnia Sari 22 May 2013 Wahono Tri ed Tak Ada Izin Jokowi Keberatan Film Jokowi in Indonesian Kompas Archived from the original on 11 June 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2014 Banyan 8 June 2013 Mr Joko goes to Jakarta The Economist Archived from the original on 11 October 2018 Retrieved 8 June 2013 Maine Samantha 29 November 2017 Danish Prime Minister gives gift of Metallica boxset to Indonesian President NME Archived from the original on 29 November 2017 Retrieved 30 November 2017 Meixler Eli 22 February 2018 Indonesia s President Paid 800 to Keep a Limited Edition Metallica Album Time Archived from the original on 9 November 2020 Retrieved 23 February 2018 Setiawan Tri Susanto 1 May 2015 Wahono Tri ed Protes Hukuman Mati Carcass Ledek Jokowi sebagai 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meets Indonesian migrant workers in Brunei Thai PBS 9 February 2015 Archived from the original on 12 March 2017 Retrieved 14 April 2017 Manafe Imanuel Nicolas 6 October 2017 Aco Hasanudin ed Ke Brunei Jokowi Hadiri Perayaan 50 Tahun Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Bertahta in Indonesian Tribunnews Archived from the original on 12 October 2017 Retrieved 9 June 2019 Teresia Ananda 12 September 2015 Jokowi Receives King Abdul Azis Medal Tempo Archived from the original on 25 February 2019 Retrieved 12 September 2015 Angriani Desi 26 January 2016 President Jokowi Receives Highest Medal of Honour from Timor Leste MetroTv News Archived from the original on 5 March 2017 Retrieved 26 January 2016 Sufa Theresia 22 May 2017 Jokowi bestows highest medal to Swedish king The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on 26 May 2017 Retrieved 19 June 2017 Sani Ahmad Faiz Ibnu 30 January 2018 Jokowi Receives Ghazi Amanullah Medal from Afghan President Tempo Archived from the original on 28 December 2019 Retrieved 30 January 2018 Sedikit Orang Baik di Republik yang Luas in Indonesian Tempo 22 December 2008 Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 Retrieved 27 September 2018 Hove vom Tann 8 January 2013 World Mayor The 2012 results World Mayor Archived from the original on 11 January 2013 Retrieved 22 August 2018 Baker Brian 1 February 2013 Mayor of the Month for February 2013 City Mayors Archived from the original on 27 April 2013 Retrieved 17 December 2013 Colvin Geoff Dunn Catherine Fry Erika 20 March 2014 The World s 50 Greatest Leaders CNN Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 The Muslim 500 themuslim500 com Archived from the original on 4 November 2017 Retrieved 23 May 2022 Hasan Rizki Akbar 21 May 2017 Jokowi di Peringkat 13 Muslim Paling Berpengaruh di Dunia in Indonesian Liputan6 Archived from the original on 25 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2017 Presiden Joko Widodo Street di Abu Dhabi Penghargaan dan Kehormatan Bagi Indonesia Cabinet Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia 2020 Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Further reading EditMajeed Rushda 2012 The City With a Short Fuse Foreign Policy September Majeed Rushda 2012 Defusing a Volatile City Igniting Reforms Joko Widodo and Surakarta Indonesia 2005 2011 Innovations for Successful Societies Princeton University Published July McCawley Peter 2014 Joko Widodo s Indonesia Possible future paths Australian Strategic Policy Institute Canberra External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joko Widodo Wikiquote has quotations related to Joko Widodo The Jokowi Effect Could Be the Most Important Thing in Indonesia s Elections The key to understanding Indonesia s upcoming elections The Jokowi Effect Appearances on C SPANPolitical officesPreceded bySlamet Suryanto Mayor of Surakarta2005 2012 Succeeded byF X Hadi RudyatmoPreceded byFauzi Bowo Governor of Jakarta2012 2014 Succeeded byBasuki Tjahaja PurnamaPreceded bySusilo Bambang Yudhoyono President of Indonesia2014 present IncumbentDiplomatic postsPreceded byMario Draghi Chairperson of the Group of 202022 Succeeded byNarendra ModiPreceded byHun Sen Chairperson of the ASEAN2023 Incumbent Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Joko Widodo amp oldid 1155404108, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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