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890s

February 09, 2023

The 890s decade ran from January 1, 890, to December 31, 899.

Events

890

This section is transcluded from AD 890. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain

891

This section is transcluded from AD 891. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Emirate of Córdoba
Arabian Empire (Caliphate)
Japan

By topic

Religion

892

This section is transcluded from AD 892. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain
Arabian Empire
Asia

893

This section is transcluded from AD 893. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain
Arabian Empire
Eurasia
  • March 23 – 893 Ardabil earthquake. Several earthquake catalogues and historical sources describe this earthquake as a destructive earthquake that struck the city of Ardabil, Iran. The magnitude is unknown, but the death toll was reported to be very large. The USGS, in their "List of Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths", give an estimate that 150,000 were killed, which would make it the ninth deadliest earthquake in history.[17]
  • December 28 – An earthquake destroys the city of Dvin in Armenia.

By topic

Religion

894

This section is transcluded from AD 894. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Britain
  • The Vikings in Northumbria and East Anglia swear allegiance and hand over hostages to King Alfred the Great, but promptly break their truce by attacking the southwest of England. A Viking force returns from Exeter and sails along the coast, in an attempt to plunder Chichester. They are defeated by the Saxon garrison, losing many ships and men.[22]
  • King Anarawd of Gwynedd's shaky alliance with the Vikings collapses. His kingdom is ravaged by the Norsemen. Anarawd is forced to ask for help from Alfred the Great and submits to his overlordship. Alfred imposes oppressive terms and forces Anarawd's confirmation in the Christian Church, with Alfred as 'godfather'.
  • Autumn – Battle of Benfleet: Danish Viking forces retire to Essex, after being deprived of food by Alfred the Great (see 893). They draw their longships up the Thames and into the Lea, entrenching themselves at Benfleet.[23]
Japan

895

This section is transcluded from AD 895. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
  • The Magyars are expelled from southern Russia, and settle in the Carpathian Basin, under the leadership of Árpád (The traditional date of 896 held during the 20th century has proved to be erroneous). Emperor Leo VI (the Wise) seeks aid from the Magyars, and after crossing the Danube on Byzantine ships, they ravage Bulgarian territory.[24]
  • Simeon I (the Great), ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, seeks refuge in the fortress of Drastar, while the Magyars reach the outskirts of the capital Preslav. Facing a difficult situation with war on two fronts, Simeon calls for a truce. Leo VI sends the diplomat Leo Choirosphaktes to Bulgaria, to negotiate the terms.[25]
  • King Odo (or Eudes) takes a large army against Rheims, and forces anti-king Charles the Simple to flee to Germany. King Arnulf of Carinthia, throwing off his agreements with Odo, charges his illegitimate son Zwentibold to invade the West Frankish Kingdom, and re-install Charles on the throne.
  • May – Arnulf of Carinthia summons the Imperial Diet in his residence at Worms. Angered by the non-appearance of Charles the Simple, he again supports Odo's claim to the throne of the West Frankish Kingdom. In the same assembly, he crowns Zwentibold as king of Lotharingia.
  • Guy IV, duke of Spoleto, conquers Benevento (after the Byzantines have moved the capital of Byzantine Italy from Benevento to Bari). Guy makes himself prince, thereby uniting the two Italian states. The Byzantines attempt to retake Benevento, but are defeated by Lombard troops.
  • December – Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy, at the head of an East Frankish expeditionary army. He arrives in Pavia and reorganizes the Lombard state. Arnulf partitions the northern part of the kingdom: the western half (March of Lombardy) and the eastern half (March of Verona).
  • Arnulf of Carinthia crosses the Po River and divides his army in two: one corps (Swabian) proceeds to Florence (via Bologna), while the other corps (Franks) moves through the Lunigiana to the precincts of Rome.
  • Spytihněv I, duke of Bohemia, together with the Slavník prince Witizla, breaks away from Great Moravia, and swears allegiance to Arnulf of Carinthia in Regensburg.
Britain
Arabian Empire
Mexico

By topic

Music

896

This section is transcluded from AD 896. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain
Arabian Empire
China

By topic

Religion

897

This section is transcluded from AD 897. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain
  • English warships (nine vessels from Alfred's new fleet) intercept six Viking longships in the mouth of an unknown estuary on the south coast (possibly at Poole Harbour) in Dorset. The Danes are blockaded, and three ships attempt to break through the English lines. Lashing the Viking boats to their own, the English crew board the enemy's vessels and kill everyone on board. Some ships manage to escape, two of the other three boats are driven against the Sussex coast. The shipwrecked sailors are brought before King Alfred the Great at Winchester and hanged. Just one Viking ship returns to East Anglia.[34]
Arabian Empire
Japan

By topic

Religion
  • January – The Cadaver Synod: Lambert II orders Stephen VI to exhume the nine-month-old cadaver of former pope Formosus, to redress him in papal robes, and have him put on trial while seated in a chair at St. Peter's. Formosus is 'convicted' of several crimes, his fingers of consecration are cut off, and the body is stripped of his vestments.
  • August – Stephen VI is removed from office, imprisoned and strangled in his cell. He is succeeded by Romanus as the 114th pope of the Catholic Church.
  • December – Romanus is deposed and succeeded by Theodore II as the 115th pope of Rome, but dies twenty days later.

898

This section is transcluded from AD 898. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
Britain

By topic

Religion

899

This section is transcluded from AD 899. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
  • Summer – King Arnulf of Carinthia enlists the support of the Magyars, to raid northern Italy. They overrun the Lombard plain all the way to Pavia. King Berengar I assembles a large army against the Magyars, and confronts them near the Adda River. Daunted at the strong force, Árpád (head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes) offers to make peace and restore much of what they've taken, if they are permitted to leave Italy unmolested. Berengar refuses, and the Magyars withdraw to the Brenta River. Árpád renews his offer, offering to leave all his booty and even some hostages. Again Berengar refuses, and awaits their crossing of the Brenta River for a final battle.
  • Battle of the Brenta: The Magyar forces, consisting of 5,000 men, take a circuitous route through the mountains, crossing the Brenta River and proceed south to fall upon the encamped Lombard army (15,000 men) at Cartigliano. The Magyars massacre much of Berengar's unprepared army. He himself manages to escape to Pavia, changing his dress with the clothing of one of his soldiers. Árpád renews the offensive and heads across Lombardy, pillaging the countryside around Treviso, Vicenza, Bergamo and other towns all the way to Vercelli. He turns south and heads down the Aemilian Road, sacking Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna.[38]
  • December 8 – Arnulf of Carinthia dies from paralysis following a stroke and is entombed in St. Emmeram's Abbey at Regensburg (Bavaria). He is succeeded by his 6-year-old son Louis III (the Child) as ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. Arnulf's counselor Hatto I, archbishop of Mainz, becomes regent and guardian of the young king. Louis (possibly at the instigation of Hatto) claims Lotharingia from his half-brother Zwentibold and with the support of the East Frankish nobles he provokes a civil war. The Lombard throne is left temporarily vacant.
  • Winter – The Magyars turn back north towards the shores of the Venetian Lagoon. They pillage Chioggia and Pellestrina, and advance towards Malamocco. Their advance into the lagoon is checked by the assembly of the Venetian fleet under doge Pietro Tribuno, which defeats the Magyar's river crossing vessels at Albiola, causing them to pull back. This close call with the Magyars prompts the Venetians to initiate the fortification of the Rialto and the building of protective chains over the Grand Canal.
Britain
Arabian Empire

By topic

Religion

Significant people

References

  1. ^ St Oswald's Priory, English Heritage.
  2. ^ Mann III, p. 377.
  3. ^ Kreutz 1996, pp. 63–66.
  4. ^ Kristó 1996, p. 175.
  5. ^ Kirschbaum 2005, p. 29.
  6. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 120. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  7. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 121. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  8. ^ Amari 1854, p. 429.
  9. ^ Lee Hyun-hee, Park Sung-soo, Yoon Nae-hyun, translated by The Academy of Korean Studies, New History of Korea pp. 263–265, Jimoondang, Paju, 2005. ISBN 89-88095-85-5.
  10. ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  11. ^ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 313–315.
  12. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  13. ^ John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
  14. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  15. ^ John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
  16. ^ Bianquis 1998, pp. 105–106.
  17. ^ . Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  18. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  19. ^ John V.A. Fine, Jr. (1991). A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3.
  20. ^ Lajos Gubcsi (2011), Hungary in the Carpathian Basin, p. 7. ISBN 978-963-327-515-3.
  21. ^ Longworth, Philip (1997), The making of Eastern Europe: from prehistory to postcommunism (1997 ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, p. 321, ISBN 0-312-17445-4
  22. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 132. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  23. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 134. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  24. ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  25. ^ JFine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  26. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  27. ^ Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda February 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
  28. ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 139. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  29. ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  30. ^ Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages, p. 24.
  31. ^ Fine 1991, p. 141.
  32. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 139. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  33. ^ Kennedy, Hugh N. (1993). "al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 759–760. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
  34. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  35. ^ Madelung, W. (2004). "al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
  36. ^ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 313–15.
  37. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 142. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  38. ^ AF(B), 900 (p. 141 and n4), with a loss of 20,000 men and many bishops. Corroborated by Liutprand, Antapodosis.
  39. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.

Sources

  • Bianquis, Thierry (1998). "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭūlūn to Kāfūr, 868–969". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–119. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
  • Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2005). A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival. Palgrave. ISBN 1-4039-6929-9.
  • Kreutz, Barbara M. (1996). Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1587-7.
  • Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. ISBN 978-1-4039-6929-3.

February 09, 2023
890s, decade, from, january, december, contents, events, place, europe, britain, place, europe, emirate, córdoba, arabian, empire, caliphate, japan, topic, religion, place, europe, britain, arabian, empire, asia, place, europe, britain, arabian, empire, eurasi. The 890s decade ran from January 1 890 to December 31 899 Contents 1 Events 1 1 890 1 1 1 By place 1 1 1 1 Europe 1 1 1 2 Britain 1 2 891 1 2 1 By place 1 2 1 1 Europe 1 2 1 2 Emirate of Cordoba 1 2 1 3 Arabian Empire Caliphate 1 2 1 4 Japan 1 2 2 By topic 1 2 2 1 Religion 1 3 892 1 3 1 By place 1 3 1 1 Europe 1 3 1 2 Britain 1 3 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 3 1 4 Asia 1 4 893 1 4 1 By place 1 4 1 1 Europe 1 4 1 2 Britain 1 4 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 4 1 4 Eurasia 1 4 2 By topic 1 4 2 1 Religion 1 5 894 1 5 1 By place 1 5 1 1 Byzantine Empire 1 5 1 2 Europe 1 5 1 3 Britain 1 5 1 4 Japan 1 6 895 1 6 1 By place 1 6 1 1 Europe 1 6 1 2 Britain 1 6 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 6 1 4 Mexico 1 6 2 By topic 1 6 2 1 Music 1 7 896 1 7 1 By place 1 7 1 1 Europe 1 7 1 2 Britain 1 7 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 7 1 4 China 1 7 2 By topic 1 7 2 1 Religion 1 8 897 1 8 1 By place 1 8 1 1 Europe 1 8 1 2 Britain 1 8 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 8 1 4 Japan 1 8 2 By topic 1 8 2 1 Religion 1 9 898 1 9 1 By place 1 9 1 1 Europe 1 9 1 2 Britain 1 9 2 By topic 1 9 2 1 Religion 1 10 899 1 10 1 By place 1 10 1 1 Europe 1 10 1 2 Britain 1 10 1 3 Arabian Empire 1 10 2 By topic 1 10 2 1 Religion 2 Significant people 3 References 3 1 SourcesEvents890 This section is transcluded from AD 890 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit The Frankish nobles who have ruled Provence in anarchy since 887 declare Louis the Blind a son of the late usurper King Boso ruler of Lower Burgundy at an assembly at Valence The sovereignty of Svatopluk I ruler knyaz of Moravia is confirmed in Bohemia Lusatia becomes a part of his kingdom approximate date Britain Edit King Alfred the Great begins to commission and undertake a series of translations into Old English beginning with his own version of Pope Gregory the Great s Pastoral Care Lord AEthelred II and Lady AEthelflaed a daughter of Alfred the Great of the Mercians found the Priory of St Oswald in Gloucester probably originally dedicated to St Peter 1 Ohthere of Halogaland a Norse Viking seafarer narrates the story of his travels to Alfred the Great who arranges for it to be written down King Anarawd ap Rhodri of Gwynedd makes the first ceremonial visit to an English court that of Alfred the Great King Donald II of Scotland expels the British aristocracy of Strathclyde They flee south to North Wales The town of Kirby Muxloe in modern day Leicestershire is founded in England approximate date 891 This section is transcluded from AD 891 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit February 21 Guy III duke of Spoleto is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Stephen V His son Lambert is proclaimed king of Italy at the capital of Pavia in Lombardy 2 Summer Orso Lombard prince of Benevento is deposed after the capture of Benevento by the Byzantines Benevento becomes the capital of the thema of Longobardia 3 Battle of Leuven Viking raiders on the Dyle River near Leuven in modern day Flanders suffer a crushing defeat by Frankish forces under King Arnulf of Carinthia Emirate of Cordoba Edit Muslim forces led by Abdullah ibn Muhammad al Umawi Umayyad emir of Cordoba defeat the rebel leader Umar ibn Hafsun at Poley in Al Andalus modern Spain Arabian Empire Caliphate Edit June 2 Al Muwaffaq an Abbasid prince and Commander in chief dies at the capital of Baghdad His son Al Mu tadid is recognized as regent and second heir of the Abbasid Caliphate Japan Edit February 25 Fujiwara no Mototsune a Japanese statesman dies In his lifetime he had forced the resignation of Emperor Yōzei and become head of the Fujiwara clan By topic Edit Religion Edit September 14 Pope Stephen V dies after a 6 year reign He is succeeded by Formosus former cardinal bishop of Portus as the 111th pope of the Catholic Church 892 This section is transcluded from AD 892 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit Summer Poppo II duke of Thuringia Central Germany is deposed by King Arnulf of Carinthia East Frankish forces and their Magyar Hungarian allies invade Great Moravia 4 5 Vladimir ruler knyaz of the Bulgarian Empire signs a military alliance with Arnulf of Carinthia of the East Frankish Kingdom This alliance works against the pro Byzantine policy of his father Britain Edit Autumn A Viking force with a fleet of 250 longships arrives at the river mouth of the settlement of Lympne East Kent They attack the small fortification called Eorpeburnan 6 Viking raiders 80 ships under Hastein arrive in the Thames Estuary and set up camp at Middleton King Alfred the Great decides to position his army in the Wealden Forest 7 Arabian Empire Edit April Al Mu tadid the de facto regent of the Abbasid Caliphate removes his cousin Al Mufawwad from succession He becomes caliph himself after the death of Al Mu tamid returning the capital from Samarra to Baghdad May Ibrahim II Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya sends a large army to Palermo to impose Arab authority from Kairouan After an uprising the Sicilians make a bid for independence 8 Summer The Persian nobility installs Isma il ibn Ahmad the former governor of Transoxiana as ruler emir of the Samanid Empire after the death of his brother Nasr I Asia Edit Former Silla general Gyeon Hwon seizes the cities of Wansanju and Mujinju taking over the territory of Baekje He wins the support of the people and declares himself king 9 893 This section is transcluded from AD 893 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit Vladimir ruler khan of the Bulgarian Empire is dethroned by his father Boris I with help from loyal boyars He is blinded and succeeded by his brother Simeon I as prince of Bulgaria the capital is moved from Pliska to Preslav Simeon makes an alliance with the Pechenegs or Patzinaks a semi nomad Turkic tribe from the Central Asian steppes 10 An East Frankish expeditionary force under Zwentibold the eldest son of King Arnulf of Carinthia crosses the Alps into Friuli He makes junction at Verona with the army of the deposed king Berengar I and proceeds to lay siege to Pavia After a three month campaign Zwentibold receives orders to head back to Bavaria in case of a Magyar intervention The 13 year old Charles III the Simple the posthumous son of Louis the Stammerer is crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom at the Reims Cathedral though he is not recognized as such by King Odo or Eudes until 898 11 King Alfonso III repopulates the city of Zamora with Mozarabs Iberian Christians who have lived under Moorish rule from Toledo in Al Andalus modern Spain Galindo II Aznarez succeeds his father Aznar II Galindez as count of Aragon until 922 Britain Edit Spring Prince Edward the son of King Alfred the Great defeats the Danish Viking raiders at Farnham and forces them to take refuge on Thorney Island At the same time Danes from East Anglia sail around the Cornish coast and besiege Exeter 12 Spring A Viking army under Hastein moves to a fortified camp at Benfleet Essex The Danish camp is captured by the Saxons while the army is out raiding Hastein is forced to retreat to Shoebury 13 Summer Battle of Buttington A combined Welsh and Mercian army under Lord AEthelred besieges a Viking camp at Buttington in Wales The Danes escape with heavy losses and take their families to safety in East Anglia 14 Autumn Danish Vikings under Hastein take the city of Chester after a rapid march from East Anglia Alfred the Great destroys the food supplies forcing them to move into Wales 15 Asser bishop of Sherborne writes his Life of King Alfred in Wessex He studies for 6 months each year in Alfred s household Arabian Empire Edit Spring Caliph Al Mu tadid recognizes Khumarawayh as autonomous emir over Egypt and Syria in exchange for an annual tribute of 300 000 dinars The Jazira provinces of Diyar Rabi a and Diyar Mudar are returned to the Abbasid Caliphate Muslim forces recover direct control of Mosul modern Iraq from the Shayban 16 Eurasia Edit March 23 893 Ardabil earthquake Several earthquake catalogues and historical sources describe this earthquake as a destructive earthquake that struck the city of Ardabil Iran The magnitude is unknown but the death toll was reported to be very large The USGS in their List of Earthquakes with 50 000 or More Deaths give an estimate that 150 000 were killed which would make it the ninth deadliest earthquake in history 17 December 28 An earthquake destroys the city of Dvin in Armenia By topic Edit Religion Edit Council of Preslav The Byzantine clergy is expelled from Bulgaria and the Greek language is replaced with Old Bulgarian also known as Old Church Slavonic as an official language King Yasovarman I called the Leper King of the Khmer Empire modern Cambodia dedicates the Lolei Temple of the Roluos group to the god Shiva and the royal family 18 894 This section is transcluded from AD 894 edit history By place Edit Byzantine Empire Edit Byzantine Bulgarian War Stylianos Zaoutzes leading minister and basileopator convinces Emperor Leo VI the Wise to move the Bulgarian market from Constantinople to Thessaloniki This affects the commercial importance of Bulgarian trade Simeon I ruler khan of the Bulgarian Empire mobilizes his Bulgarian forces and invades Byzantine territory ravaging the countryside 19 Europe Edit Spring King Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy at the head of an East Frankish expeditionary army joining up with the deposed king Berengar I at Verona He conquers Brescia after little resistance and sacks Bergamo after a one month siege The cities of Milan and Pavia open their doors to Arnulf Emperor Guy III escapes from Pavia to hide in the mountains of Spoleto Umbria March Arnulf of Carinthia proceeds to Piacenza and from there invades central Italy After a successful campaign he calls the invasion off and returns to Pavia probably because Duke Rudolph I of Burgundy was threatening to invade Lorraine Arnulf has himself proclaimed King of Italy at Pavia leaving Berengar I as his vice regent in Italy Arnulf of Carinthia returns to Germany through the Alps harried by militias dispatched by Rudolph I of Burgundy and margrave Anscar I of Ivrea Only with much difficulty is Arnulf able to get his army through the Aosta Valley and through St Moritz back into Germany Guy III descends from the Apennines and re seizes the Italian kingdom December Guy III dies after a 4 year reign and is succeeded by his 14 year old son Lambert already associated as co emperor since 892 At the pleading of Archbishop Fulk of Reims Pope Formosus reconciles with the young emperor Lambert proceeds from Spoleto to Pavia where he is acclaimed and crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy Svatopluk I ruler knyaz of Great Moravia dies after a 34 year reign in which he has united the Slavic tribes in his kingdom He is succeeded by his eldest son Mojmir II The Principality of Nitra modern day Slovakia is given as an appanage to his brother Svatopluk II Arpad head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes comes to an agreement with the prince of the Moravians Svatopluk II that Hungarian and Moravian armies will together expel the Eastern Franks from Pannonia 20 Prince Petar of Serbia defeats his revolting cousin Bran he is captured and blinded according to a Byzantine tradition that meant to disqualify a person from taking the throne 21 Britain Edit The Vikings in Northumbria and East Anglia swear allegiance and hand over hostages to King Alfred the Great but promptly break their truce by attacking the southwest of England A Viking force returns from Exeter and sails along the coast in an attempt to plunder Chichester They are defeated by the Saxon garrison losing many ships and men 22 King Anarawd of Gwynedd s shaky alliance with the Vikings collapses His kingdom is ravaged by the Norsemen Anarawd is forced to ask for help from Alfred the Great and submits to his overlordship Alfred imposes oppressive terms and forces Anarawd s confirmation in the Christian Church with Alfred as godfather Autumn Battle of Benfleet Danish Viking forces retire to Essex after being deprived of food by Alfred the Great see 893 They draw their longships up the Thames and into the Lea entrenching themselves at Benfleet 23 Japan Edit Emperor Uda orders commercial relations called Imperial Japanese embassies to China to cease with China approximate date 895 This section is transcluded from AD 895 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit The Magyars are expelled from southern Russia and settle in the Carpathian Basin under the leadership of Arpad The traditional date of 896 held during the 20th century has proved to be erroneous Emperor Leo VI the Wise seeks aid from the Magyars and after crossing the Danube on Byzantine ships they ravage Bulgarian territory 24 Simeon I the Great ruler khan of the Bulgarian Empire seeks refuge in the fortress of Drastar while the Magyars reach the outskirts of the capital Preslav Facing a difficult situation with war on two fronts Simeon calls for a truce Leo VI sends the diplomat Leo Choirosphaktes to Bulgaria to negotiate the terms 25 King Odo or Eudes takes a large army against Rheims and forces anti king Charles the Simple to flee to Germany King Arnulf of Carinthia throwing off his agreements with Odo charges his illegitimate son Zwentibold to invade the West Frankish Kingdom and re install Charles on the throne May Arnulf of Carinthia summons the Imperial Diet in his residence at Worms Angered by the non appearance of Charles the Simple he again supports Odo s claim to the throne of the West Frankish Kingdom In the same assembly he crowns Zwentibold as king of Lotharingia Guy IV duke of Spoleto conquers Benevento after the Byzantines have moved the capital of Byzantine Italy from Benevento to Bari Guy makes himself prince thereby uniting the two Italian states The Byzantines attempt to retake Benevento but are defeated by Lombard troops December Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy at the head of an East Frankish expeditionary army He arrives in Pavia and reorganizes the Lombard state Arnulf partitions the northern part of the kingdom the western half March of Lombardy and the eastern half March of Verona Arnulf of Carinthia crosses the Po River and divides his army in two one corps Swabian proceeds to Florence via Bologna while the other corps Franks moves through the Lunigiana to the precincts of Rome Spytihnev I duke of Bohemia together with the Slavnik prince Witizla breaks away from Great Moravia and swears allegiance to Arnulf of Carinthia in Regensburg Britain Edit King Anarawd of Gwynedd is supplied with English troops to assist in his reconquest of Seisyllwg Wales He is successful and his brother Cadell is finally able to take his rightful place on the Seisyllwg throne Autumn King Alfred the Great blockades the Lea River and builds fortifications trapping the Danish Vikings at Hertford They abandon their longships and escape to Bridgnorth located in the Severn Valley 26 Arabian Empire Edit Hamdan ibn Hamdun a Taghlibi Arab chieftain is defeated and captured by Caliph Al Mu tadid at the fortress of Mardin near modern Cizre Hamdan s son Husayn enters Abbasid service beginning the rise of the Hamdanid Dynasty Mexico Edit Birth of Topiltzin future emperor of the Toltec Empire in Michatlauhco modern day Morelos approximate date By topic Edit Music Edit The Musica enchiriadis is composed marking the beginning of western polyphonic music approximate date 896 This section is transcluded from AD 896 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit February King Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy at the head of an East Frankish expeditionary army He storms Rome the Leonine City and has himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Formosus at St Peter s Arnulf sets out to establish his authority in Spoleto but suffers a stroke he is forced to call off the campaign and returns to Bavaria March King Lambert II proceeds to re conquer Italy Heading north he captures western Lombardy and decapitates count Maginulf of Milan In the meantime the deposed king Berengar I recovers Verona March of Friuli from Arnulf s candidate count Walfred of Verona who dies in office with great fidelity to the emperor 27 Battle of Southern Buh Bulgarian forces under Simeon I the Great defeat the Magyars near the banks of the Southern Buh river modern Ukraine The Magyars withdraw from Bulgaria and are forced to migrate to new pastures Led by Arpad they settle in the Carpathian Basin modern Hungary 28 Summer Battle of Boulgarophygon Simeon I invades the Theme of Thrace in the southeastern Balkans The Byzantines transfer a new army to Europe to deal with the Bulgarian threat The armies clash at Boulgarophygon modern Turkey the Byzantines are completely destroyed in battle 29 November Lambert II and Berengar I agree to sign a treaty at Pavia Berengar receives the realm between the Adda and the Po while the rest stays under the control of Lambert including the March of Tuscany They share Bergamo and Lambert pledges to marry Gisela Berengar s daughter 30 Prince Klonimir pretender to the throne of the Serbian Principality is defeated by his ruling cousin Petar He is recognized as sole ruler of Serbia by Simeon I resulting in a 20 year peace and alliance approximate date 31 Britain Edit Summer King Alfred the Great orders the building of English warships almost twice as long as the longships on the Itchen at Southampton against the Danish Viking raiders in Wessex 32 A Viking pirate army under Hastein a son of Ragnar Lodbrok ravages the Welsh kingdoms of Brycheiniog and Gwent approximate date Arabian Empire Edit Kharijite Rebellion The Kharijite uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate in Jazira is ended Caliph Al Mu tadid reunifies the entire province under central government and installs his son and heir Al Muktafi as governor 33 China Edit Emperor Zhao Zong appoints Li Keyong a Shatuo military governor jiedushi as Prince of Jin He becomes the first ruler of Jin see 907 following the collapse of the Tang Dynasty By topic Edit Religion Edit April 4 Pope Formosus dies at Rome after a four year reign He is succeeded by Boniface VI as the 112th pope of the Catholic Church April Boniface VI dies probably murdered after a pontificate of 15 days He is succeeded by Stephen VI as the 113th pope of Rome 897 This section is transcluded from AD 897 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit Spring King Lambert II travels to Rome with his mother Queen Ageltrude and brother Guy IV Lombard duke of Spoleto to meet Pope Stephen VI to receive reconfirmation of his imperial title Guy is murdered on the Tiber by agents of Alberic I a Frankish nobleman with political interests He seizes Spoleto possibly at the instigation of King Berengar I and sets himself up as duke Britain Edit English warships nine vessels from Alfred s new fleet intercept six Viking longships in the mouth of an unknown estuary on the south coast possibly at Poole Harbour in Dorset The Danes are blockaded and three ships attempt to break through the English lines Lashing the Viking boats to their own the English crew board the enemy s vessels and kill everyone on board Some ships manage to escape two of the other three boats are driven against the Sussex coast The shipwrecked sailors are brought before King Alfred the Great at Winchester and hanged Just one Viking ship returns to East Anglia 34 Arabian Empire Edit Caliph al Mu tadid recovers control of the Cilician Thughur southeastern Anatolia and of northern Syria during the turmoil in the Tulunid government approximate date 15 March Al Hadi ila l Haqq Yahya enters Sa dah and founds the Zaydi Imamate of Yemen 35 Japan Edit Emperor Uda abdicates the throne after a ten year reign He is succeeded by his 12 year old son Daigo as the 60th emperor of Japan By topic Edit Religion Edit January The Cadaver Synod Lambert II orders Stephen VI to exhume the nine month old cadaver of former pope Formosus to redress him in papal robes and have him put on trial while seated in a chair at St Peter s Formosus is convicted of several crimes his fingers of consecration are cut off and the body is stripped of his vestments August Stephen VI is removed from office imprisoned and strangled in his cell He is succeeded by Romanus as the 114th pope of the Catholic Church December Romanus is deposed and succeeded by Theodore II as the 115th pope of Rome but dies twenty days later 898 This section is transcluded from AD 898 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit January 1 King Odo I or Eudes dies at La Fere Northern France after a 10 year reign His rival the 18 year old Charles the Simple in Laon gains sovereignty and becomes ruler with no real authority of the West Frankish Kingdom This puts an end to five years of civil war between the Frankish nobles 36 Summer Adalbert II margrave of Tuscany revolts pushed by his wife Bertha against his cousin Emperor Lambert II The Tuscan army proceeds against the Lombard capital of Pavia Lambert with his forces at Marengo defeats Adalbert at Borgo San Donnino taking him as a prisoner to Pavia October 15 Lambert II dies from falling off his horse while hunting or is killed possibly assassinated by supporters of Maginulf of Milan After the death of Lambert his rival Berengar I gains recognition as king of Italy He releases Adalbert II and receives homage from the Italian nobles Britain Edit King Alfred the Great makes his eldest son Edward the Elder co ruler of Wessex in preparation for his accession to the English throne 37 By topic Edit Religion Edit January Pope John IX is consecrated and succeeds Theodore II as the 116th pope of the Catholic Church His rival Serguis III a Spoletan ally of Lambert II is excommunicated and takes refuge at the court of Adalbert II John IX holds councils at Rome and Ravenna to rehabilitate the late Pope Formosus He condemns the Cadaver Synod of the late Pope Stephen VI and restores the clergymen who were deposed by Stephen s faction 899 This section is transcluded from AD 899 edit history By place Edit Europe Edit Summer King Arnulf of Carinthia enlists the support of the Magyars to raid northern Italy They overrun the Lombard plain all the way to Pavia King Berengar I assembles a large army against the Magyars and confronts them near the Adda River Daunted at the strong force Arpad head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes offers to make peace and restore much of what they ve taken if they are permitted to leave Italy unmolested Berengar refuses and the Magyars withdraw to the Brenta River Arpad renews his offer offering to leave all his booty and even some hostages Again Berengar refuses and awaits their crossing of the Brenta River for a final battle Battle of the Brenta The Magyar forces consisting of 5 000 men take a circuitous route through the mountains crossing the Brenta River and proceed south to fall upon the encamped Lombard army 15 000 men at Cartigliano The Magyars massacre much of Berengar s unprepared army He himself manages to escape to Pavia changing his dress with the clothing of one of his soldiers Arpad renews the offensive and heads across Lombardy pillaging the countryside around Treviso Vicenza Bergamo and other towns all the way to Vercelli He turns south and heads down the Aemilian Road sacking Reggio Emilia Modena and Bologna 38 December 8 Arnulf of Carinthia dies from paralysis following a stroke and is entombed in St Emmeram s Abbey at Regensburg Bavaria He is succeeded by his 6 year old son Louis III the Child as ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom Arnulf s counselor Hatto I archbishop of Mainz becomes regent and guardian of the young king Louis possibly at the instigation of Hatto claims Lotharingia from his half brother Zwentibold and with the support of the East Frankish nobles he provokes a civil war The Lombard throne is left temporarily vacant Winter The Magyars turn back north towards the shores of the Venetian Lagoon They pillage Chioggia and Pellestrina and advance towards Malamocco Their advance into the lagoon is checked by the assembly of the Venetian fleet under doge Pietro Tribuno which defeats the Magyar s river crossing vessels at Albiola causing them to pull back This close call with the Magyars prompts the Venetians to initiate the fortification of the Rialto and the building of protective chains over the Grand Canal Britain Edit October 26 King Alfred the Great dies after a 28 year reign in which he has forced invading Danish Vikings to withdraw consolidated England around Wessex divided parts of Mercia into shires compiled the best laws of earlier kings encouraged learning by bringing famous scholars to Wessex and made his own translations of Latin works He is succeeded by his eldest son Edward the Elder as king of Wessex Winter AEthelwold s Revolt Following the death of Alfred the Great AEthelwold youngest son of the late king AEthelred I disputes the succession of Edward the Elder He seizes the royal estates at Wimborne the ancient symbolic burial place of West Saxon kings and Christchurch Edward set up his army camp at Badbury Rings AEthelwold first declares that he will live or die at Wimborne but then flees to Northumbria 39 Arabian Empire Edit Muhammad ibn Ahmad al Shaybani Muslim ruler of Diyar Bakr surrenders at the besieged capital of Amid modern Turkey to Caliph Al Mu tadid in exchange for clemency Al Muktafi the son of Al Mu tadid is installed as governor of the Jazira Upper Mesopotamia ending the semi independent Shaybanid Dynasty which has ruled in Diyar Bakr since the 870s The Qarmatians led by Abu Sa id al Jannabi capture Bahrain s capital of Hajr and Al Hasa Eastern Arabia Abu Sa id makes it his residence and establishes a religious utopian republic By topic Edit Religion Edit Regino of Prum a Benedictine churchman is expelled from Prum and becomes abbot of St Maximin s Abbey which is destroyed by the Vikings in Trier Significant people EditAl Mu tamid Al Mu tadid Abdallah ibn al Mu tazz Charles the SimpleReferences Edit St Oswald s Priory English Heritage Mann III p 377 Kreutz 1996 pp 63 66 Kristo 1996 p 175 Kirschbaum 2005 p 29 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 120 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 121 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Amari 1854 p 429 Lee Hyun hee Park Sung soo Yoon Nae hyun translated by The Academy of Korean Studies New History of Korea pp 263 265 Jimoondang Paju 2005 ISBN 89 88095 85 5 Fine John V A Jr 1991 1983 The Early Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press p 130 ISBN 0 472 08149 7 Michel Parisse Lotharingia The New Cambridge Medieval History III c 900 c 1024 ed Timothy Reuter Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2005 pp 313 315 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great pp 124 125 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 John Haywood 1995 Historical Atlas of the Vikings pp 66 67 ISBN 978 0 140 51328 8 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great pp 128 130 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 John Haywood 1995 Historical Atlas of the Vikings pp 66 67 ISBN 978 0 140 51328 8 Bianquis 1998 pp 105 106 Earthquakes with 50 000 or More Deaths Earthquake usgs gov Archived from the original on 1 September 2009 Retrieved 28 December 2011 Coedes George 1968 Walter F Vella ed The Indianized States of Southeast Asia trans Susan Brown Cowing University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 0368 1 John V A Fine Jr 1991 A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century pp 137 138 ISBN 978 0 472 08149 3 Lajos Gubcsi 2011 Hungary in the Carpathian Basin p 7 ISBN 978 963 327 515 3 Longworth Philip 1997 The making of Eastern Europe from prehistory to postcommunism 1997 ed Palgrave Macmillan p 321 ISBN 0 312 17445 4 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 132 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 134 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Fine John V A Jr 1991 1983 The Early Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press ISBN 0 472 08149 7 JFine John V A Jr 1991 1983 The Early Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press ISBN 0 472 08149 7 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great pp 134 135 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Reuter Timothy trans The Annals of Fulda Archived February 26 2010 at the Wayback Machine Manchester Medieval series Ninth Century Histories Volume II Manchester Manchester University Press 1992 Fine John V A Jr 1991 1983 The Early Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press p 139 ISBN 0 472 08149 7 Kazhdan Alexander ed 1991 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford and New York Oxford University Press p 317 ISBN 0 19 504652 8 Sismondi History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages p 24 Fine 1991 p 141 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 139 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Kennedy Hugh N 1993 al Muʿtaḍid Bi llah In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume VII Mif Naz Leiden E J Brill pp 759 760 ISBN 978 90 04 09419 2 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great pp 140 141 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Madelung W 2004 al Ḥadi Ila l Ḥaḳḳ In Bearman P J Bianquis Th Bosworth C E van Donzel E amp Heinrichs W P eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume XII Supplement Leiden E J Brill pp 334 335 ISBN 978 90 04 13974 9 Michel Parisse Lotharingia The New Cambridge Medieval History III c 900 c 1024 ed Timothy Reuter Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2005 pp 313 15 Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great p 142 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 AF B 900 p 141 and n4 with a loss of 20 000 men and many bishops Corroborated by Liutprand Antapodosis Paul Hill 2009 The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great pp 142 143 ISBN 978 1 59416 087 5 Sources Edit Bianquis Thierry 1998 Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭulun to Kafur 868 969 In Petry Carl F ed Cambridge History of Egypt Volume One Islamic Egypt 640 1517 Cambridge University Press pp 86 119 ISBN 0 521 47137 0 Kirschbaum Stanislav J 2005 A History of Slovakia The Struggle for Survival Palgrave ISBN 1 4039 6929 9 Kreutz Barbara M 1996 Before the Normans Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0 8122 1587 7 Kristo Gyula 1996 Hungarian History in the Ninth Century Szegedi Kozepkorasz Muhely ISBN 978 1 4039 6929 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 890s amp oldid 1047162060, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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