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Swabia

January 10, 2023

For other uses, see Swabia (disambiguation).
"Schwaben" redirects here. For the naval ship, see SMS Schwaben.
"Suevia" redirects here. For other uses, see Suevia (disambiguation).

Swabia[nb 1] is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the territory of Alemannia, whose inhabitants interchangeably were called Alemanni or Suebi.

Today's Swabia within Germany. The Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis (yellow) is at the transitional area of the Swabian, Upper Rhenish and Lake Constance dialects of Alemannic. The western Bodenseekreis district is not considered a part of modern Swabia. The dividing line is between Baden-Württemberg (west) and Bavaria (east)
The coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg: Or, three lions passant sable, the arms of the Duchy of Swabia, in origin the arms of the House of Hohenstaufen. Also used for Swabia (and Württemberg-Baden, 1945–1952) are the three antlers of the coat of arms of Württemberg.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the Early Modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 0.8 million by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, compared to a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.

Geography

Like many cultural regions of Europe, Swabia's borders are not clearly defined. However, today it is normally thought of as comprising the former Swabian Circle, or equivalently the former state of Württemberg (with the Prussian Hohenzollern Province), or the modern districts of Tübingen (excluding the former Baden regions of the Bodenseekreis district), Stuttgart, and the administrative region of Bavarian Swabia.

In the Middle Ages, the term Swabia indicated a larger area, covering all the lands associated with the Frankish stem duchy of Alamannia stretching from the Vosges Mountains in the west to the broad Lech river in the east: This also included the region of Alsace and the later Margraviate of Baden on both sides of the Upper Rhine Valley, as well as modern German-speaking Switzerland, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and the principality of Liechtenstein in the south.[citation needed]

History

 
Duchy of Swabia around AD 1000 shown in gold yellow including (present-day) Alsace, the southern part of Baden-Württemberg, Bavarian Swabia, Vorarlberg in Austria, Liechtenstein, eastern Switzerland and small parts of northern Italy. In green: Upper Burgundy.

Early history

Further information: Alamannia, Raetia, and Germania Superior

Like all of Southern Germany, what is now Swabia was part of the La Tène culture, and as such has a Celtic (Gaulish) substrate. In the Roman era, it was part of the Raetia province.

The name Suebia is derived from that of the Suebi. It is used already by Tacitus in the 1st century, albeit in a different geographical sense: He calls the Baltic Sea the Mare Suevicum ("Suebian Sea") after the Suiones, and ends his description of the Suiones and Sitones with "Here Suebia ends" (Hic Suebiae finis).[1] By the mid-3rd century, groups of the Suebi form the core element of the new tribal alliance known as the Alamanni, who expanded towards the Roman Limes east of the Rhine and south of the Main. The Alamanni were sometimes referred to as Suebi even at this time, and their new area of settlement came to be known as Suebia. In the migration period, the Suebi (Alamanni) crossed the Rhine in 406 and some of them established the Kingdom of the Suebi in Galicia. Another group settled in parts of Pannonia, after the Huns were defeated in 454 in the Battle of Nedao.

The Alemanni were ruled by independent kings throughout the 4th to 5th century centuries but fell under Frankish domination in the 6th (Battle of Tolbiac 496).[2] By the late 5th century, the area settled by the Alemanni extended to Alsace and the Swiss Plateau, bordering on the Bavarii to the east, the Franks to the north, the remnants of Roman Gaul to the west, and the Lombards and Goths, united in the Kingdom of Odoacer, to the south.

The name Alamannia was used by the 8th century, and from the 9th century, Suebia was occasionally used for Alamannia, while Alamannia was increasingly used to refer to Alsace specifically. By the 12th century, Suebia rather than Alamannia was used consistently for the territory of the Duchy of Swabia.[3]

Duchy of Swabia

Main articles: Duchy of Swabia and Dukes of Swabia

Swabia was one of the original stem duchies of East Francia, the later Holy Roman Empire, as it developed in the 9th and 10th centuries. Due to the foundation of the important abbeys of St. Gallen and Reichenau, Swabia became an important center of Old High German literary culture during this period.

In the later Carolingian period, Swabia became once again de facto independent, by the early 10th century mostly ruled by two dynasties, the Hunfriding counts in Raetia Curiensis and the Ahalolfings ruling the Baar estates around the upper Neckar and Danube rivers. The conflict between the two dynasties was decided in favour of Hunfriding Burchard II at the Battle of Winterthur (919).[4] Burchard's rule as duke was acknowledged as such by the newly elected king Henry the Fowler, and in the 960s the duchy under Burchard III was incorporated in the Holy Roman Empire under Otto I.

The Hohenstaufen dynasty, which ruled the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries, arose out of Swabia, but following the execution of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen, on October 29, 1268, the duchy was not reappointed during the Great Interregnum. In the following years the original duchy gradually broke up into many smaller units.

Rudolf I of Habsburg, elected in 1273 as emperor, tried to restore the duchy, but met the opposition of the higher nobility who aimed to limit the power of the emperor. Instead, he confiscated the former estates of the Hohenstaufen as imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire, and declared most of the cities formerly belonging to Hohenstaufen to be Free Imperial Cities, and the more powerful abbeys within the former duchy to be Imperial Abbeys.

The rural regions were merged into the Imperial Shrievalty (Reichslandvogtei) of Swabia, which was given as Imperial Pawn to Duke Leopold III of Austria in 1379 and again to Sigismund, Archduke of Austria in 1473/1486. He took the title of a "Prince of Swabia" and integrated the Shrievalty of Swabia in the realm of Further Austria.

Later medieval period

Further information: Interregnum (HRE)

The Swabian League of Cities was first formed on 20 November 1331, when twenty-two imperial cities of the former Duchy of Swabia banded together in support of the Emperor Louis IV, who in return promised not to mortgage any of them to any imperial vassal. Among the founding cities were Augsburg, Heilbronn, Reutlingen, and Ulm. The counts of Württemberg, Oettingen, and Hohenberg were induced to join in 1340.

The defeat of the city league by Count Eberhard II of Württemberg in 1372 led to the formation of a new league of fourteen Swabian cities on 4 July 1376. The emperor refused to recognise the newly revitalised Swabian League, seeing it as a rebellion, and this led to an "imperial war" against the league. The renewed league defeated an imperial army at the Battle of Reutlingen on 14 May 1377. Burgrave Frederick V of Hohenzollern finally defeated the league in 1388 at Döffingen. The next year the city league disbanded according to the resolutions of the Reichstag at Eger.

The major dynasties that arose out of medieval Swabia were the Habsburgs and the Hohenzollerns, who rose to prominence in Northern Germany. Also stemming from Swabia are the local dynasties of the dukes of Württemberg and the margraves of Baden. The Welf family went on to rule in Bavaria and Hanover, and are ancestral to the British Royal Family that has ruled since 1714. Smaller feudal dynasties eventually disappeared, however; for example, branches of the Montforts and Hohenems lived until modern times, and the Fürstenberg survive still. The region proved to be one of the most divided in the empire, containing, in addition to these principalities, numerous free cities, ecclesiastical territories, and fiefdoms of lesser counts and knights.

Early modern history

 
Map of the Swabian Circle (1756).

A new Swabian League (Schwäbischer Bund) was formed in 1488, opposing the expansionist Bavarian dukes from the House of Wittelsbach and the revolutionary threat from the south in the form of the Swiss.[5] In 1519, the League conquered Württemberg and sold it to Charles V after its duke Ulrich seized the Free Imperial City of Reutlingen during the interregnum that followed the death of Maximilian I. It helped to suppress the Peasants' Revolt in 1524–26 and defeat an alliance of robber barons in the Franconian War. The Reformation caused the league to be disbanded in 1534.[6]

The territory of Swabia as understood today emerges in the early modern period. It corresponds to the Swabian Circle established in 1512. The Old Swiss Confederacy was de facto independent from Swabia from 1499 as a result of the Swabian War, while the Margraviate of Baden had been detached from Swabia since the twelfth century.

Fearing the power of the greater princes, the cities and smaller secular rulers of Swabia joined to form the Swabian League in the fifteenth century. The League was quite successful, notably expelling the Duke of Württemberg in 1519 and putting in his place a Habsburg governor, but the league broke up a few years later over religious differences inspired by the Reformation, and the Duke of Württemberg was soon restored.

The region was quite divided by the Reformation. While secular princes such as the Duke of Württemberg and the Margrave of Baden-Durlach, as well as most of the Free Cities, became Protestant, the ecclesiastical territories (including the bishoprics of Augsburg, Konstanz and the numerous Imperial abbeys) remained Catholic, as did the territories belonging to the Habsburgs (Further Austria), the Sigmaringen branch of the House of Hohenzollern, and the Margrave of Baden-Baden.

Modern history

In the wake of the territorial reorganization of the empire of 1803 by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the shape of Swabia was entirely changed. All the ecclesiastical estates were secularized, and most of the smaller secular states, and almost all of the free cities, were mediatized, leaving only the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Grand Duchy of Baden, and the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as sovereign states. Much of Eastern Swabia became part of Bavaria, forming what is now the Swabian administrative region of Bavaria. The Kings of Bavaria assumed the title Duke in Swabia, with the in indicating that only parts of the Swabian territory was ruled by them, unlike their other title Duke of Franconia which made clear that the whole of Franconia had become part of their kingdom.

In contemporary usage, Schwaben is sometimes taken to refer to Bavarian Swabia exclusively, correctly however it includes the larger Württemberg part of Swabia. Its inhabitants attach great importance to calling themselves Swabians. Baden, historically part of the duchy of Swabia but not of the Swabian Circle, is no longer commonly included in the term. Baden's residents mostly refer to themselves as Alemanni (versus the Swabians).

Swabian people

Main article: Swabians

Language

Main article: Swabian German
 
The traditional distribution area of Western Upper German ( = Alemannic) dialect features in the nineteenth and twentieth century

SIL Ethnologue cites an estimate of 819,000 Swabian speakers as of 2006. This corresponds to roughly 10% of the total population of the Swabian region, or roughly 1% of the total population of Germany.

As an ethno-linguistic group, Swabians are closely related to other speakers of Alemannic German, i.e. Badeners, Alsatians, and German-speaking Swiss.[7]

Swabian German or German is traditionally spoken in the upper Neckar basin (upstream of Heilbronn), along the upper Danube between Tuttlingen and Donauwörth, and on the left bank of the Lech, in an area centered on the Swabian Alps roughly stretching from Stuttgart to Augsburg.

Many Swabian surnames end with the suffixes -le, -(l)er, -el, -ehl, and -lin, typically from the Middle High German diminutive suffix -elîn (Modern Standard German -lein). Examples would be: Schäuble, Egeler, Rommel, and Gmelin. The popular German surname Schwab as well as Svevo in Italy are derived from this area, both meaning literally "Swabian".

See also

Notes

  1. ^ /ˈsweɪbiə/ SWAY-bee-ə; German: Schwaben [ˈʃvaːbm̩], colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia

References

  1. ^ Germania Section 45.
  2. ^ Also, a number of Suebi reached the Iberian Peninsula under king Hermeric and established an independent kingdom known as the Galliciense Regnum, which existed during 410–585. See Victor Vitense Persecutiones, I.
  3. ^ in pago Almanniae 762, in pago Alemannorum 797, urbs Constantia in ducatu Alemanniae 797; in ducatu Alemannico, in pago Linzgowe 873. S. Hirzel, Forschungen zur Deutschen Landeskunde 6 (1888), p. 299.
  4. ^ Bernd Schneidmüller, Die Welfen. Herrschaft und Erinnerung (819–1252). Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, 82–83.
  5. ^ R.G.D. Laffan, "The Empire under Maximilian I", in The New Cambridge Modern History, vol. I 1975:198.
  6. ^ Laffan 1975:198.
  7. ^ Minahan, p. 650.

Sources

  • Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group, Ltd. ISBN 978-0313309847.

External links

 
Look up Swabia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Schwaben cultural region.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swabia.

January 10, 2023
swabia, other, uses, disambiguation, schwaben, redirects, here, naval, ship, schwaben, suevia, redirects, here, other, uses, suevia, disambiguation, cultural, historic, linguistic, region, southwestern, germany, name, ultimately, derived, from, medieval, duchy. For other uses see Swabia disambiguation Schwaben redirects here For the naval ship see SMS Schwaben Suevia redirects here For other uses see Suevia disambiguation Swabia nb 1 is a cultural historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia one of the German stem duchies representing the territory of Alemannia whose inhabitants interchangeably were called Alemanni or Suebi Today s Swabia within Germany The Schwarzwald Baar Kreis yellow is at the transitional area of the Swabian Upper Rhenish and Lake Constance dialects of Alemannic The western Bodenseekreis district is not considered a part of modern Swabia The dividing line is between Baden Wurttemberg west and Bavaria east The coat of arms of Baden Wurttemberg Or three lions passant sable the arms of the Duchy of Swabia in origin the arms of the House of Hohenstaufen Also used for Swabia and Wurttemberg Baden 1945 1952 are the three antlers of the coat of arms of Wurttemberg This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the Early Modern period now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden Wurttemberg Swabians Schwaben singular Schwabe are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German Their number was estimated at close to 0 8 million by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006 compared to a total population of 7 5 million in the regions of Tubingen Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2 1 Early history 2 2 Duchy of Swabia 2 3 Later medieval period 2 4 Early modern history 2 5 Modern history 3 Swabian people 3 1 Language 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksGeography EditLike many cultural regions of Europe Swabia s borders are not clearly defined However today it is normally thought of as comprising the former Swabian Circle or equivalently the former state of Wurttemberg with the Prussian Hohenzollern Province or the modern districts of Tubingen excluding the former Baden regions of the Bodenseekreis district Stuttgart and the administrative region of Bavarian Swabia In the Middle Ages the term Swabia indicated a larger area covering all the lands associated with the Frankish stem duchy of Alamannia stretching from the Vosges Mountains in the west to the broad Lech river in the east This also included the region of Alsace and the later Margraviate of Baden on both sides of the Upper Rhine Valley as well as modern German speaking Switzerland the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and the principality of Liechtenstein in the south citation needed History EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Swabia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Duchy of Swabia around AD 1000 shown in gold yellow including present day Alsace the southern part of Baden Wurttemberg Bavarian Swabia Vorarlberg in Austria Liechtenstein eastern Switzerland and small parts of northern Italy In green Upper Burgundy Early history Edit Further information Alamannia Raetia and Germania Superior Like all of Southern Germany what is now Swabia was part of the La Tene culture and as such has a Celtic Gaulish substrate In the Roman era it was part of the Raetia province The name Suebia is derived from that of the Suebi It is used already by Tacitus in the 1st century albeit in a different geographical sense He calls the Baltic Sea the Mare Suevicum Suebian Sea after the Suiones and ends his description of the Suiones and Sitones with Here Suebia ends Hic Suebiae finis 1 By the mid 3rd century groups of the Suebi form the core element of the new tribal alliance known as the Alamanni who expanded towards the Roman Limes east of the Rhine and south of the Main The Alamanni were sometimes referred to as Suebi even at this time and their new area of settlement came to be known as Suebia In the migration period the Suebi Alamanni crossed the Rhine in 406 and some of them established the Kingdom of the Suebi in Galicia Another group settled in parts of Pannonia after the Huns were defeated in 454 in the Battle of Nedao The Alemanni were ruled by independent kings throughout the 4th to 5th century centuries but fell under Frankish domination in the 6th Battle of Tolbiac 496 2 By the late 5th century the area settled by the Alemanni extended to Alsace and the Swiss Plateau bordering on the Bavarii to the east the Franks to the north the remnants of Roman Gaul to the west and the Lombards and Goths united in the Kingdom of Odoacer to the south The name Alamannia was used by the 8th century and from the 9th century Suebia was occasionally used for Alamannia while Alamannia was increasingly used to refer to Alsace specifically By the 12th century Suebia rather than Alamannia was used consistently for the territory of the Duchy of Swabia 3 Duchy of Swabia Edit Main articles Duchy of Swabia and Dukes of Swabia Swabia was one of the original stem duchies of East Francia the later Holy Roman Empire as it developed in the 9th and 10th centuries Due to the foundation of the important abbeys of St Gallen and Reichenau Swabia became an important center of Old High German literary culture during this period In the later Carolingian period Swabia became once again de facto independent by the early 10th century mostly ruled by two dynasties the Hunfriding counts in Raetia Curiensis and the Ahalolfings ruling the Baar estates around the upper Neckar and Danube rivers The conflict between the two dynasties was decided in favour of Hunfriding Burchard II at the Battle of Winterthur 919 4 Burchard s rule as duke was acknowledged as such by the newly elected king Henry the Fowler and in the 960s the duchy under Burchard III was incorporated in the Holy Roman Empire under Otto I The Hohenstaufen dynasty which ruled the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries arose out of Swabia but following the execution of Conradin the last Hohenstaufen on October 29 1268 the duchy was not reappointed during the Great Interregnum In the following years the original duchy gradually broke up into many smaller units Rudolf I of Habsburg elected in 1273 as emperor tried to restore the duchy but met the opposition of the higher nobility who aimed to limit the power of the emperor Instead he confiscated the former estates of the Hohenstaufen as imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire and declared most of the cities formerly belonging to Hohenstaufen to be Free Imperial Cities and the more powerful abbeys within the former duchy to be Imperial Abbeys The rural regions were merged into the Imperial Shrievalty Reichslandvogtei of Swabia which was given as Imperial Pawn to Duke Leopold III of Austria in 1379 and again to Sigismund Archduke of Austria in 1473 1486 He took the title of a Prince of Swabia and integrated the Shrievalty of Swabia in the realm of Further Austria Later medieval period Edit Further information Interregnum HRE The Swabian League of Cities was first formed on 20 November 1331 when twenty two imperial cities of the former Duchy of Swabia banded together in support of the Emperor Louis IV who in return promised not to mortgage any of them to any imperial vassal Among the founding cities were Augsburg Heilbronn Reutlingen and Ulm The counts of Wurttemberg Oettingen and Hohenberg were induced to join in 1340 The defeat of the city league by Count Eberhard II of Wurttemberg in 1372 led to the formation of a new league of fourteen Swabian cities on 4 July 1376 The emperor refused to recognise the newly revitalised Swabian League seeing it as a rebellion and this led to an imperial war against the league The renewed league defeated an imperial army at the Battle of Reutlingen on 14 May 1377 Burgrave Frederick V of Hohenzollern finally defeated the league in 1388 at Doffingen The next year the city league disbanded according to the resolutions of the Reichstag at Eger The major dynasties that arose out of medieval Swabia were the Habsburgs and the Hohenzollerns who rose to prominence in Northern Germany Also stemming from Swabia are the local dynasties of the dukes of Wurttemberg and the margraves of Baden The Welf family went on to rule in Bavaria and Hanover and are ancestral to the British Royal Family that has ruled since 1714 Smaller feudal dynasties eventually disappeared however for example branches of the Montforts and Hohenems lived until modern times and the Furstenberg survive still The region proved to be one of the most divided in the empire containing in addition to these principalities numerous free cities ecclesiastical territories and fiefdoms of lesser counts and knights Early modern history Edit Map of the Swabian Circle 1756 A new Swabian League Schwabischer Bund was formed in 1488 opposing the expansionist Bavarian dukes from the House of Wittelsbach and the revolutionary threat from the south in the form of the Swiss 5 In 1519 the League conquered Wurttemberg and sold it to Charles V after its duke Ulrich seized the Free Imperial City of Reutlingen during the interregnum that followed the death of Maximilian I It helped to suppress the Peasants Revolt in 1524 26 and defeat an alliance of robber barons in the Franconian War The Reformation caused the league to be disbanded in 1534 6 The territory of Swabia as understood today emerges in the early modern period It corresponds to the Swabian Circle established in 1512 The Old Swiss Confederacy was de facto independent from Swabia from 1499 as a result of the Swabian War while the Margraviate of Baden had been detached from Swabia since the twelfth century Fearing the power of the greater princes the cities and smaller secular rulers of Swabia joined to form the Swabian League in the fifteenth century The League was quite successful notably expelling the Duke of Wurttemberg in 1519 and putting in his place a Habsburg governor but the league broke up a few years later over religious differences inspired by the Reformation and the Duke of Wurttemberg was soon restored The region was quite divided by the Reformation While secular princes such as the Duke of Wurttemberg and the Margrave of Baden Durlach as well as most of the Free Cities became Protestant the ecclesiastical territories including the bishoprics of Augsburg Konstanz and the numerous Imperial abbeys remained Catholic as did the territories belonging to the Habsburgs Further Austria the Sigmaringen branch of the House of Hohenzollern and the Margrave of Baden Baden Modern history Edit In the wake of the territorial reorganization of the empire of 1803 by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the shape of Swabia was entirely changed All the ecclesiastical estates were secularized and most of the smaller secular states and almost all of the free cities were mediatized leaving only the Kingdom of Wurttemberg the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Principality of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen as sovereign states Much of Eastern Swabia became part of Bavaria forming what is now the Swabian administrative region of Bavaria The Kings of Bavaria assumed the title Duke in Swabia with the in indicating that only parts of the Swabian territory was ruled by them unlike their other title Duke of Franconia which made clear that the whole of Franconia had become part of their kingdom In contemporary usage Schwaben is sometimes taken to refer to Bavarian Swabia exclusively correctly however it includes the larger Wurttemberg part of Swabia Its inhabitants attach great importance to calling themselves Swabians Baden historically part of the duchy of Swabia but not of the Swabian Circle is no longer commonly included in the term Baden s residents mostly refer to themselves as Alemanni versus the Swabians Swabian people EditMain article Swabians Language Edit Main article Swabian German The traditional distribution area of Western Upper German Alemannic dialect features in the nineteenth and twentieth century SIL Ethnologue cites an estimate of 819 000 Swabian speakers as of 2006 This corresponds to roughly 10 of the total population of the Swabian region or roughly 1 of the total population of Germany As an ethno linguistic group Swabians are closely related to other speakers of Alemannic German i e Badeners Alsatians and German speaking Swiss 7 Swabian German or German is traditionally spoken in the upper Neckar basin upstream of Heilbronn along the upper Danube between Tuttlingen and Donauworth and on the left bank of the Lech in an area centered on the Swabian Alps roughly stretching from Stuttgart to Augsburg Many Swabian surnames end with the suffixes le l er el ehl and lin typically from the Middle High German diminutive suffix elin Modern Standard German lein Examples would be Schauble Egeler Rommel and Gmelin The popular German surname Schwab as well as Svevo in Italy are derived from this area both meaning literally Swabian See also EditDanube Swabians Donauschwaben Banat Swabians Germans of Hungary Germans of Romania Germans of Serbia Satu Mare Swabians Swabian Turkey Duke of Swabia Swabian children New Swabia Swabian cuisine Swabian League Schwaben Redoubt World War I Schwabenhass Suabophobia Notes Edit ˈ s w eɪ b i e SWAY bee e German Schwaben ˈʃvaːbm colloquially Schwabenland or Landle archaic English also Suabia or SvebiaReferences Edit Germania Section 45 Also a number of Suebi reached the Iberian Peninsula under king Hermeric and established an independent kingdom known as the Galliciense Regnum which existed during 410 585 See Victor Vitense Persecutiones I in pago Almanniae 762 in pago Alemannorum 797 urbs Constantia in ducatu Alemanniae 797 in ducatu Alemannico in pago Linzgowe 873 S Hirzel Forschungen zur Deutschen Landeskunde 6 1888 p 299 Bernd Schneidmuller Die Welfen Herrschaft und Erinnerung 819 1252 Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 2000 82 83 R G D Laffan The Empire under Maximilian I in The New Cambridge Modern History vol I 1975 198 Laffan 1975 198 Minahan p 650 Sources EditMinahan James 2000 One Europe Many Nations A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups Greenwood Publishing Group Ltd ISBN 978 0313309847 External links Edit Look up Swabia in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Schwaben cultural region Wikimedia Commons has media related to Swabia D alemannisch Wikipedia Danube Swabian Resources Texts on Wikisource Swabia The New Student s Reference Work 1914 Swabia Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Swabia New International Encyclopedia 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Swabia amp oldid 1113829738, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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