Indian Union Muslim League
The Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the I. U. M. L. or the League) is an Indian political party primarily based in the Indian state of Kerala. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[5]
Indian Union Muslim League | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | I. U. M. L. (the League) |
| President | K. M. Kader Mohideen |
| Chairperson | Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal |
| Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty |
| Lok Sabha Leader | E. T. Muhammed Basheer |
| Rajya Sabha Leader | P. V. Abdul Wahab |
| Founder | M. Muhammad Ismail |
| Founded |
|
| Preceded by | All-India Muslim League |
| Headquarters | Quaid-e-Millath Manzil, No. 36, Maraikayar Lebbai Street, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.[1] |
| Newspaper | (see below)
|
| Student wing | Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.) |
| Youth wing | Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [1] |
| Women's wing | Indian Union Women's League |
| Labour wing | Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U.) |
| Peasant's wing | Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Kerala) |
| Ideology | Communitarianism[2] Conservatism[3] |
| Political position | Centre-right[4] |
| Slogan | Unity is Strength |
| Alliance |
|
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 3 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 1 / 245 |
| Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly | 15 / 140 |
| Election symbol | |
| Party flag | |
The first Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[6] The 'Indian Union Muslim League' constitution was passed on 1 September 1951.[6]
The party is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the Indian National Congress-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[7][8] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.[7] The party is a part of the United Progressive Alliance in national level.[7] The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[9]
The party currently has four members in Parliament - E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and K. Navas Kani in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab in the Rajya Sabha - and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[10] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras Muslim League (M. M. L.) was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the League.[6] The Travancore League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November, 1956.[6]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution.[10] The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha).[10] B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League (M. M. L.).[10] The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[11] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[12]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[13][8] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[8]
Early years
- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[6]
- On 1 September 1951 the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[6]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).[10]
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[14]
From the 1960s to the 80s
- The League gained a ministry in Kerala Government in 1967 (C. H. Mohammed Koya and M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal).[8]
- The League oversaw the creation of the University of Calicut, the second university in Kerala, in 1968.[8]
- Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of Malappuram District in 1969.[8]
- Death of M. Muhammad Ismail (1972) and Bafaqy Thangal (1973).[15] Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.[15]
With the Congress Party
- Muslim League formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[13]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 12 October to 1 December 1979.[16]
- Muslim League joined the Congress (Indira)-lead United Democratic Front in 1979/80.
- The 'rebel' Muslim League formed 'All India Muslim League' and joined the Left Front in 1980.[15][17]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya and K. Avukaderkutty Naha served as Deputy Chief Ministers of Kerala in the 1980s.[16]
In the 1990s
- All India Muslim League (AIML) quit the Left Front and merged with the Muslim League in 1985.[18]
- Demolition of the Babri Masjid (1992). Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal made a passionate plea to all the Muslims in Kerala to remain calm.[19] Kerala remained peaceful throughout.[20]
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait, then National President, rebelled and formed the Indian National League (INL) in 1994.[21]
- Minister of Education (E. T. Mohammad Basheer) decided to establish the University of Sanskrit (1993) in Kerala.[21][22]
From the 2000s
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee dispatched E. Ahamed to the United Nations (Geneva) to represent India (2004).[21][20]
- Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the Kuttippuram-Mankada (2006) defeats.[23]
- The League first gained a ministry (E. Ahamed) in Indian Government (Manmohan Singh Ministry) in 2004.[24]
- Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal died in 2009.[19]
- The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the 2011 Assembly Elections.
- The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms (2016 and 2021)
National Presidents of Indian Union Muslim League
| No. | Tenure | Name | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1948—1972 | M. Muhammed Ismail | Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | 1972—1973 | Bafaqy Thangal | Kerala |
| 3 | 1973—1994 | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | Karnataka |
| 4 | 1994—2008 | G. M. Banatwalla | Maharashtra |
| 5 | 2008—2017 | E. Ahamed | Kerala |
| 6 | 2017—present | K. M. Kader Mohideen | Tamil Nadu |
Ideology
The [Indian Union Muslim League] party...has shown strands of identity politics, but largely remained communitarian; it has at times been conservative, but never communal. It has furthered Muslim aspirations without antagonising any other segment—and hence has retained its centrality in the larger Kerala polity.
The distinctive feature of the [Indian Union] Muslim League in Kerala is that it strove to keep the [Muslim] community at the centre of the [Kerala] state's politics, unlike other Muslim political formations elsewhere in India that revelled in confessional isolationism. As a result, the Kerala Muslims emerged as probably the only community of that faith in India that achieved genuine political empowerment on the one hand and, on the other, lived out the promise of equal citizenship enshrined in the [Indian] Constitution.
— Outlook[26]
If organising a religious community politically on the basis of antagonism to another is communalism, the IUML has never mobilised its cadre nor used its political and often administrative clout to create religious divides. On the contrary, whenever the state faced a communally sensitive situation, the party rose to the occasion and played a stellar role in dousing the flames....By practicing a brand of politics that could be termed communitarian rather than communal, the IUML succeeded in actualising the constitutional guarantee of equal citizenship for the Muslims in the state.
Composition
| Designation | Name |
|---|---|
| Chairman-Political Advisory | Sadiq Ali Thangal (Kerala) |
| National President | K. M. Kader Mohideen (Tamil Nadu)[28] |
| Vice Presidents | Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) |
| Dastagir Ibrahim Aga (Karnataka) | |
| National General Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty (Kerala)[29] |
| National Organising Secretary | E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Kerala) |
| National Treasurer | P. V. Abdul Wahab (Kerala)[30] |
| Secretaries | Khorrum Anis Omer (Delhi) |
| M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Kerala) | |
| S. Naim Akthar (Bihar) | |
| Siraj Ebrahim Sait (Karnataka) | |
| Assistant Secretaries | Abdul Basith (Tamil Nadu) |
| Kausar Hayat Khan (Uttar Pradesh) |
Organizational structure
- Youth Wing: Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [2]
- National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi)
- National Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)[31]
- Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
- Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz
- Students' Wing: Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)
- National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju
- National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad
- Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League
- Women's Political Wing: M. S. F Haritha and Indian Union Women's League
- Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swathanthra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U., Independent Workers Union)
- Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union)
- Advocates: Lawyers Forum
- Expatriates: Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (K. M. C. C.)
Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html
Early years (1957 - 1979/80)
| Election | Seats | Vote% | Government/Opposition | Ministers | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | |||||
| 1957 | 8 (19) As independents | 4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry) 1957 - 59 | [17][32] | |
| 1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0 | Government (Pattom Ministry) 1960 - 62
| Excluded from the Pattom Ministry[33] | [33][17][34] |
| Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)[33] 1962 - 64 | [33] | ||||
| 1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71 | Inconclusive (no government formed)[33] | [34][17] | |
| 1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75 | Government[8] (Namboodiripad Ministry) 1967 - 69 |
| [8][34] |
| Government (Achutha Menon Ministry) 1969 - 70 | [35] | ||||
| 1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7 | Government (Achutha Menon Ministry) 1970 - 77 |
| [35][36] |
| 1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1977 | [35][36] | |
| Government (Antony Ministry) 1977 - 78 |
| ||||
| Government (PKV Ministry) 1978 - 79 | |||||
| Government (Koya Ministry) 1979 | |||||
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present)
| Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition[8] | Ministers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | ||||
| 1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1980 - 81 | |
| Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1981 - 82 | ||||
| 1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1982 - 87 |
|
| 1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1987 - 91 | |
| 1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1991 - 95 |
|
| Government (Antony Ministry) 1995 - 96 |
| |||
| 1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1996 - 2001 | |
| 2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59 | Government (Antony Ministry) 2001 - 2004 |
|
| Government (Chandy Ministry) 2004 - 2006 |
| |||
| 2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30 | Opposition (to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006 - 11 | |
| 2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92 | Government (Chandy Ministry) 2011 - 16 | |
| 2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40 | Opposition (to Vijayan Ministry) 2016 - 2021 | |
| 2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27 | Opposition (to Vijayan Ministry) | |
Current members
Members of Parliament
Loksabha
Source: Loksabha
- 1st House
- B. Pocker (Malappuram)
- 2nd House - No members
- B. Pocker (Manjeri) - independent
- 3rd House
- C. H. Mohammed Koya (Kozhikode)
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- 4th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Ramanathapuram)
- 5th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Periyakulam)
- Abu Taleb Chowdhury (Murshidabad) - independent
- 6th-9th Houses
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
- 10th House
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 11th-13th Houses
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 14th House
- 15th House
- E. Ahamed (Malappuram) as Union Minister of State[24]
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- 16th House
- E. Ahamed and P. K. Kunhalikutty (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- 17th House
- P. K. Kunhalikutty and M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- K. Navas Kani (Ramanathapuram)
Rajya Sabha
Source:
- M. Muhammad Ismail (1952–58) - independent
Kerala
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (1960–66)
- Abdulla Koya (1967–73, 1974–98)
- Hamid Ali Schamnad (1970–79)
- Abdussamad Samadani (1994–2006)
- Korambayil Ahammed (1998–03)
- P. V. Abdul Wahab (2004–10, 2015–21)
Tamil Nadu
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1964–70)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1968–74)
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1970– 76)
- A. K. Refaye (1972–78)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1974-80)
Controversies
The judicial commission which probed the 2002 Marad massacre concluded that IUML was directly involved in the conspiracy and execution of the massacre.[37]
Political activities
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[38][39] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[40] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[41][42]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[43][44][45]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[46] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[47][48]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a patriarchal and conservative political party in Kerala.[49][50] This was evident from a recent controversy involving the women's youth wing of the party.[51][52]
References
- ^ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "The importance of IUML". 11 April 2019.
- ^ "Leaderless Anti-CAA Protests Underscore Muslim Political Orphanhood". 4 February 2022.
- ^ "A coloured scheme of things".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification". Election Commission of India. 31 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579-599.
- ^ a b c "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- ^ Press Trust of India (19 June 2004). "E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs". Hindustan Times. from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ "History of Indian Union Muslim League". Indian Union Muslim League (website). Archived from the original on 17 February 2013.
- ^ Ameerudheen, T. A. (21 May 2017). "Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?". Scroll. from the original on 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b Menon, Girish (22 March 2016). "How the Muslim League is at peace with itself". The Hindu. Trivandrum. from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ "SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY" (PDF). Kerala Legislative Assembly. Trivandrum: Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature. 2007. (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Wright (23 June 1948). "Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?". Asian Survey. 17 (12): 1207–1220. doi:10.2307/2643422. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2643422. from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ a b
- ^ a b c d Radhakrishnan, M. G. (19 April 2019). . Asianet News. Trivandrum. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ^ Pillai, Sreedhar (31 August 1985). . India Today. Kerala. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020.
- ^ a b IANS (2 August 2009). "Kerala mourns passing away of Panakkad Thangal". Gulf News. Malappuram. from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b Nair, Preetha (19 April 2019). . Outlook. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Madampat, Shajahan (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ "University at a Glance".
- ^ Naha, Abdul Latheef (25 March 2014). . The Hindu. Malappuram. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b c . Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. 19 June 2004. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ Salik Ahmad (17 February 2020). . Outlook. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Shajahan Madampat (21 August 2017). . Outlook. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Shajahan Madampat (11 April 2019). . The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President". India Today. from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "P K Kunhalikutty is IUML national general secretary - Times of India". The Times of India. from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "Indian Union Muslim League national committee members". iuml.com. from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
- ^ "Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League". 19 March 2021. from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- ^ a b c d e f Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- ^ a b c Malhotra, Inder. . The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (1982). Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 5–6.
- ^ a b Kartha, G. S. (15 May 1977). . India Today. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ^ "Marad report slams Muslim League". Indian Express.
- ^ "Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer". outlookindia.com. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture". Times of India. from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "Circular to legalise earlier marriages". New Indian Express. from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum". Hindustan Times.
- ^ "Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative". Deccan Herald.
- ^ "IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans". Manorama online.
- ^ "Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Sadiqali has his work cut out". The Hindu.
- ^ "Analysis | Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Young women lead churn within Muslim League". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "'Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
External links
Media related to Indian Union Muslim League at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website