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2014 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha.[1] With 834 million registered voters, they were the largest-ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the 2019 elections. Around 23.1 million or 2.7% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years.[2] A total of 8,251 candidates contested the 543 elected Lok Sabha seats.[3] The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.40%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections.[3]

2014 Indian general election

← 2009 7 April 2014 (2014-04-07) – 12 May 2014 (2014-05-12) 2019 →

543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha
272 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered834,082,814
Turnout66.44% ( 8.23pp)
  First party Second party
 
Leader Narendra Modi Rahul Gandhi
Party BJP INC
Alliance NDA UPA
Last election 18.80%, 116 seats 28.55%, 206 seats
Seats won 282 44
Seat change 166 162
Popular vote 171,660,230 106,935,942
Percentage 31.00% 19.31%
Swing 12.20pp 9.24pp
Alliance seats 336 59

Results by constituency

The results were declared on 16 May, 15 days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014.[4] The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres.[3] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) received 31% of the vote and won 282 seats, while its National Democratic Alliance won a total of 336 seats. The BJP's vote share was the lowest by a party winning a majority of seats since independence,[5] The BJP won 31.0% votes, while NDA's combined vote share was 38.5%. However, the governing coalition had the largest majority since the 1984 elections, and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties.[6][7][8]

In contrast, the result was the worst-ever performance by the Indian National Congress (INC), which had ruled India for most of its post-independence history. The INC received 19.3% of the vote and won only 44 seats, with its wider alliance, the United Progressive Alliance, winning a total of just 59.[9][10][11] In order to become the official opposition party in India, a party must have 55 seats; as a result, there was no official opposition party.[12][13]

Background edit

As per the requirements of the Indian Constitution, elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the president. The previous election, to the 15th Lok Sabha, was conducted in April–May 2009, and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014. The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and was held in multiple phases, to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns.

Since the last general election in 2009, the anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare, and other similar moves by Baba Ramdev and Arvind Kejriwal (founder of Aam Aadmi Party), gathered momentum and political interest.[14] Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party, Aam Aadmi Party, in November 2012. The 2012 presidential election resulted in Pranab Mukherjee of Indian National Congress becoming the president. Andhra politics was further shaken following the death of its chief minister, Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. His son, Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, then broke from the INC and founded the YSR Congress Party, taking several politicians with him.

The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February. Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013 in tackling corruption and the creation of Telangana.[15]

Organisation edit

 
Election dates of Indian general election, 2014

Spending limit edit

The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to 7 million (US$88,000) in bigger states and to 5.4 million (US$68,000) in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi.[16] This revision of the ceiling on the elections were attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as the increase in the cost inflation index.

Accessibility edit

Satyendra Singh, a doctor with a disability,[17] showed the lack of preparedness by the Election Commission of India (ECI) towards electors with disabilities through the Right to Information Act.[18] The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi, Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled, along with him. Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up a registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements.[19]

Election dates edit

The Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC), V. S. Sampath, announced the polling schedule on 5 March. Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, and the results of the election were announced on 16 May.[20][21] Simultaneous elections were held for the Vidhan Sabha of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana and Sikkim.[22]

Campaign edit

Issues edit

Important issues during the campaign included high inflation, lack of jobs, economic slow down, corruption, security and terrorism, religious division and communalism, and infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water.[23][24][25] In a survey by Zee News, inflation was indicated to be the main issue in the election.[26]

Economy edit

Bloomberg highlighted India's slowing economy amidst a record high current account deficit and a falling rupee in summer 2013. It pointed out a lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election. Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy.[27] The economy was the main issue in the campaign.[28] The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country.[29][30] Modi also brought up the issue of farmer suicides that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops.[31] Former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a "habit that he will get a strong economy, and he will ruin it before he leaves... Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler, as someone who specialises in sub-five per cent growth rate, for his hubris, arrogance".[32]

Price rise edit

The price of onions, a staple in Indian cuisine, faced a dramatic increase.[33] In the lead up to the election, consumer price inflation increased more than expected while, paradoxically, industrial production fell by more than expected, causing a dilemma amid slowing growth.[34] The price of salt was also indicative of general food inflation.[35]

Corruption edit

During the UPA-2 government, a number of scams came to public attention, deteriorating the image of the government among the common man.[citation needed] These scams included coal scam, 2G spectrum case, AgustaWestland Chopper scam and CWG scam.[citation needed]

Celebrity candidates edit

Celebrity candidates from non-political spheres were nominated in the election. These included: Raj Babbar (INC), Bhaichung Bhutia (AITC), Biswajit Chatterjee (AITC), Sandhya Roy (AITC), Smriti Irani (BJP), Jaaved Jaaferi (AAP), Prakash Jha (JD(U)), Mohammad Kaif (INC), Kamaal Rashid Khan (SP), Vinod Khanna (BJP), Ravi Kishan (INC), Kirron Kher (BJP), Bappi Lahiri (BJP), Hema Malini (BJP), Mahesh Manjrekar (MNS), Bhagwant Mann (AAP), Nandan Nilekani (INC), Gul Panag (AAP), Jaya Prada (RLD), Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (BJP), Paresh Rawal (BJP), Rakhi Sawant (RAP), Indranil Sen (AITC), Moon Moon Sen (AITC), Vijay Kumar Singh (BJP), Shatrughan Sinha (BJP), P. C. Sorcar Jr. (BJP), Babul Supriyo (BJP), Manoj Tiwari (BJP), Innocent Vincent (LDF-IND), Nagma (INC), Dev (AITC), and Siddhanta Mahapatra (BJD).[36][37][38][39]

Parties and alliances edit

National Democratic Alliance edit

The constituents of the National Democratic Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 336 seats in this election. This has propelled it to form the government in the country.[40][41][42][43][44]

Bharatiya Janata Party edit

Organisation

Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was chosen to lead the Bharatiya Janata Party's campaign after a party conclave in Goa.[45][46] This came amid controversy as L. K. Advani opposed the decision and resigned from his party posts, only to later rescind his resignation.[47] Murli Manohar Joshi and Sushma Swaraj were part of the team for the campaign. Rajnath Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were the mentors for the BJP's campaign.[48] A 12-member committee, led by Modi, was appointed at the Goa conclave which included M. Venkaiah Naidu, Nitin Gadkari, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar.[48]

Key leader's constituencies

Modi contested the election from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh[49] and Vadodara in Gujarat.[50] In Varanasi, the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP's minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning.[51] Advani wanted to contest from Bhopal but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat Gandhinagar.[52] He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to the Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election.[53] Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat, according to Rajnath Singh.[54] Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time (having previously been a Rajya Sabha member)[55] from Amritsar against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh.[56] The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar Navjot Singh Sidhu was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency. Yet he said that as Jaitley was his "guru" he would accept the decision, but would not run from any other constituency. The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and party President Sukhbir Singh Badal, as well as other BJP personnel.[57] Jaswant Singh was denied nomination from Barmer constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent.[58]

Campaign and Issues

The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014. The party promised to set up a Price Stabilization Fund and to evolve a single 'National Agriculture Market' to check price rise and go for e-Governance, policy-driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption. It wanted to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture, the upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self-employment opportunities for job creation. Harnessing satellite technology; setting up National Optical-Fibre Network up to the village level; Diamond Quadrilateral project – of High Speed Train network were among several other things that the party promised.[59] The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA's "one rank, one pension" scheme as an "election stunt," according to the convenor of the BJP's ex-servicemen cell, Brigadier (Retired) Lal Chand Jaswal. The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi's announcement at an ex-servicemen's rally at Rewari on 15 September 2013 and at Sujanpur on 17 February.[60] Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan despite his indictment in the Adarsh Housing Society scam in Mumbai.[61] He further criticised Gandhi's comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in Bijapur.[62] At a rally in Gurgaon, Haryana, part of the wider National Capital Region, Modi said: "People gave ruling Congress 60 years, I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India" and alleged that the INC was protecting Robert Vadra, the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi, after he was said to have "sold farmers land" and made money. "Robert Vadra's empty bank account was credited with $8.30m (Rs 500 million) in just three months. BJP wants answers".[63] He also criticised the INC's Nandan Nilekani as he had "squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity (Aadhaar) to millions of people, which even the Supreme Court questioned, as it did not address the security concerns".[64]

Amongst the social media, individuals came up with satirical takes on sports, movies (in Hindi and English) and songs, amongst other things, in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on "Aab ki baar, Modi sarkar" ([This time, [we will have a] Modi government]).[65] Modi was noted for focusing, in his rallies across the country, on the 23 million first-time come-of-age voters.[66] By the last day of campaigning on 10 May, Narendra Modi had undertaken the largest mass outreach in India's electoral history by travelling about 300,000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP.[67]

In regards to foreign relations of India, Modi in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh, a state which borders China with a history of border disputes, swore to protect the country[68] and criticised "Chinese expansionism".[69] He also highlighted the importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad.[70]

Others edit

Lok Janshakti Party

Lok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP, RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar's constituencies.[71] He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA. LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP, three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP. LJP and RLSP won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats. The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD(U). After the election results, Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats.[72]

Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam

Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), led by Tamil film actor Vijayakanth joined the NDA on 26 February.[73]

Lok Satta Party

On 10 April, while campaigning in Telangana, Jayaprakash Narayan of the Lok Satta Party stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto, they had decided to support the NDA in the "national interest".[74] On the other hand, Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan contested from the Malkajgiri. Malkajgiri had 2,953,915 eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters.[75]

Shiv Sena, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

The Swabhimani Paksha (SWP) a political party of Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana (SSS) joined the Shiv Sena-BJP-Republican Party of India (A) alliance in February. The SSS, which represents the interests of farmers in western Maharashtra was offered two seats – Madha in Solapur, where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits, and Hathkanangale, the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti. Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by the Shiv Sena and BJP, who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS.[76] Rashtriya Samaj Paksha also joined the alliance in January.[77] In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra, RSP was also in the alliance.[78]

Shiromani Akali Dal

Shiromani Akali Dal contested 10 out of 13 seats in Punjab.

United Progressive Alliance edit

The constituents of the United Progressive Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table: This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history.

In March, the INC, RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar.[90] The INC contested 12 seats, NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD, being a regional party, would seek the rest of 27 seats.

Indian National Congress edit

The Indian National Congress had announced, on the fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government, that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi and general secretary Rahul Gandhi.[91] Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto and general publicity for the election.[92]

In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for the general election, the INC sought to fast-track a decision on separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, create a coalition government with the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand, sought to take credit for the Food Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill.[93]

Prime Minister candidate

Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality.[94] Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities."[95] At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one. This was criticised by the BJP. Gandhi would instead lead the party's campaign.[96] He also called the election a turning point.[97] Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a "lot of determination;" she added that the election would be a battle for India. "Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point. Opposition's way is to spread disharmony. There's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion."[98]

Rahul Gandhi

In January, in an interview, Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots and further stated that Modi's government was responsible for pushing the 2002 riots while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots.[99] Fellow UPA member, Praful Patel said that the 2002 matter should be put to rest.[100] As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party's candidates, the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month. Similarly, the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates.[101] On 8 March, its list of 194 candidates was announced, including 35% of candidates that were below the age of 50 years.[102] The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi's seat of Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency) amidst an unusual challenge by his high-profile competitor, the BJP's Smriti Irani. It even led to his mother, Sonia, campaigning there for the first time in 10 years.[103]

Opinion polls

The INC dismissed the opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan.[104] In its manifesto the party promised "inclusive growth" and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes, including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled.[105] Manmohan Singh, Sonia and Rahul Gandhi's INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha[106] and, on 20 April, in Maharashtra prior to the third phase.[107] Rahul Gandhi claimed in a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would "divide the nation into pieces, and make people fight against each other."[108]

Media

During the election, former prime ministerial aide Sanjaya Baru published "The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh" in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government in having to compete with the dynastic INC leader, Sonia Gandhi, for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser."[109] After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," Priyanka Vadra replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM."[110]

Others edit

Jammu & Kashmir National Conference

Minister for New and Renewable Energy and Jammu & Kashmir National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah, controversially, told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris will not accept a communal person". He added before going to a scheduled rally in Magam that "those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea".[111]

Nationalist Congress Party

Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.[81][112][113]

Rashtriya Janata Dal

Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of the BJP's ruling chances that "Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime. Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power". In relation to the INC's Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country; he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a "good man".[114]

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in Jharkhand.[115] JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each, respectively. JMM leader Shibu Soren will run from Dumka, while the other three party's seats could come from Rajmahal, Giridih and the purpose-built city of Jamshedpur.[116]

Left parties edit

Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) declared their campaign slogan as "Reject Congress, Defeat BJP."[117] On 3 April, the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates.[118]

In West Bengal, CPI (M) contested as part of the Left Front. 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from the CPI (M), while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time.[119] In Kerala, the CPI (M) contested as a constituent of the Left Democratic Front. In the list of the 15 CPI (M) candidates in Kerala released in mid-March, four were incumbent Lok Sabha members and five others were independents.[clarification needed][120][121] The Kollam seat was allocated to M. A. Baby after the RSP left the LDF and joined the United Democratic Front.[122]

In Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, the CPI (M) made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties.[which?][123][124][125][126][127][128][129] In Andhra Pradesh, however, no agreement could be reached between the CPI (M) and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue; CPI (M) opposed bifurcation, while the CPI supported creating Telangana.[130] In Telangana region, CPI contested one seat (in alliance with Indian National Congress[131]), while CPI (M) contested two seats.

Other parties edit

Aam Aadmi Party

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), formed in 2012, contested 432 seats and won 4 seats.[132] The party's manifesto focused on anti-corruption measures.[133] Earlier in 2013, the party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections. After forming a short-lived minority government in Delhi, AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties.[134] However, the party lost deposits on 413 seats,[132] surpassing the record of Doordarshi Party, which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991.[135] AAP's leader Arvind Kejriwal unsuccessfully contested against the BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from Varanasi.[136] Its spokesperson Prashant Bhushan argued that AAP's national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984.[137]

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own.[138] Party General Secretary J. Jayalalithaa told a March rally that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers. In saying so, she criticised the UPA's governance, including its economic, diplomatic, and defence policies, adding that the modernization of the armed forces was hindered by the steady curtailment of its funding.[139] The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third-largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament. It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections.

All India Forward Bloc

On 21 March, the All India Forward Bloc released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi. According to the party's Secretary Debabrata Biswas the main objective of the party was "to strengthen and unite the Left, democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country."[140][141] In West Bengal the party contested the election as part of the Left Front.[119] To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009, the party decided to field incumbent MP Narahari Mahato in the Purulia seat and a new candidate in the Cooch Behar seat.[140]

Bahujan Samaj Party

On 19 March, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties.[142] The party secured the third highest vote share in the Country and yet did not win a single seat.[143]

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation

At a press conference held on 10 March, General Secretary of the party Dipankar Bhattacharya said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Puducherry.[144]

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) opted not to join an UPA pre-poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance. Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) with local parties like VCK, MMK, IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam. DMK was not able to secure even a single seat throughout the country.

Janata Dal (United)

The media speculated that Modi still had a chance of gaining in Bihar at the expense of Nitish Kumar's Janata Dal. Whilst the BJP were in coalition with JD(U), Modi was not allowed to speak at rallies in the party by mutual understanding and was only allowed for special events such as a funeral or party conclave, even Modi's flood relief aid to Bihar was termed communal. Bihar was seen as test case for Modi's popularity if the BJP could increase its tally at the expense of the JD(U). There was also speculation that Lalu Prasad Yadav could make a relative comeback after the 2010 provincial election if he is not convicted over the fodder scam. It also suggested that this would be an eager race as it could determine if Kumar's decision to leave the NDA in June 2013 was prudent and if he has any national political scope left; while for Modi it would give crucial seats to the BJP and be able to attract potential allies as Bihar is largely based on caste politics.[145][146] In January 2014, Kumar referred to Gandhi's stand against corruption as a "farce" after hearing of a meeting between Gandhi and RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav despite Yadav being out on bail, after being convicted in the fodder scam. He termed their alliance as "natural" and stated that them coming together was no surprise.[147]

All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen

Asaduddin Owaisi announced 5 candidates from the All India Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen (AIMIM) participated in various parliamentary constituencies of Telangana State. Asaduddin Owaisi - Hyderabad Narla Mohan Rao - Secunderabad Divakar Dharanikota Sudhakar - Malkajgiri P.V.N. Reddy - Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh (from 2014 onwards) Guahati Mothilal - Bhongir

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena

The Raj Thackeray-led Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) announced its first list of seven candidates. Six of them contested against candidates of Shiv Sena. The party, however, also supported Modi's prime ministerial candidature. The move read as an implicit acceptance of the BJP's Nitin Gadkari's call not to contest against the NDA and to support its own candidates.[148]

Nav Bharat Democratic Party

Nav Bharat Democratic stepped into the political arena with 9 candidates spread across Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. The party was established by RK Misra.[149]

Samajwadi Party

Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav claimed that the Third Front government will be formed in the center with the help of his party.[150] To counter the "Modi-effect" on other constituencies near Varanasi, Yadav decided to contest from Azamgarh and Mainpuri.[151] The party decided not to field any candidates against the INC's Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi from Rai Bariely and Amethi, respectively, in response to the INC's decision not to field any candidates against Mulayam Singh Yadav and Dimple Yadav from Mainpuri and Kannauj, respectively.[152]

Sikkim Democratic Front

On 10 March, the Sikkim Democratic Front declared that its incumbent MP, Prem Das Rai, would run for re-election. The party also released a list of 32 candidates for the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election that will be held simultaneously with the election.[153]

All India Trinamool Congress

All India Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself, making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties, BJP and INC.[154] Banerjee told a rally in Cooch Behar district, near the international border with Bangladesh, that she would take up the issue of the border enclaves upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas. She further noted that she had opposed the central government's agreement in 2011 over the Teesta treaty of water-sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability.[155]

YSR Congress Party

Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's YSR Congress Party fielded candidates across Andhra Pradesh (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) and some districts of Telangana.[156] The party fielded several bureaucrats, businessmen and relatives of politicians for Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra), including D. Kishore Rao, the former secretary of the Gujarat Human Rights Commission.[157] In a statement in March, Reddy stated that he would ally himself with whoever would win the election.[156]

Surveys and polls edit

Opinion polls edit

Opinion polls generally showed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) to be the front runner in the election with the emergence of Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) as the single largest party.

When conducted Ref Polling organisation/agency Sample size
UPA NDA LF Other
Jan–Mar 2013 [158] Times Now-CVoter No sample size provided 128 184
Apr–May 2013 [159] Headlines Today-CVoter 120,000 209 (without Modi)
155(with Modi)
179(without Modi)
220 (with Modi)
May 2013 [160] ABP News-Nielsen 33,408 136 206
Jul 2013 [161] The Week – Hansa Research No sample size provided 184 197 162
Jul 2013 [162] CNN-IBN and The Hindu by CSDS 19,062[163] 149–157 172–180 208–224
Jul 2013 [164] Times Now-India Today-CVoter 36,914 134 (INC 119) 156 (BJP 131)
Aug–Oct 2013 [165] Times Now-India TV-CVoter 24,284 117 (INC 102) 186 (BJP 162) 240
Dec 2013 – Jan 2014 [166] India Today-CVoter 21,792 103 (INC 91) 212 (BJP 188) 228
Dec 2013 – Jan 2014 [167] ABP News-Nielsen 64,006[168] 101 (INC 81) 226 (BJP 210) 216
Jan 2014 [169] CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS 18,591[170] 107 – 127
(INC 92 – 108)
211 – 231
(BJP 192 – 210)
205
Jan–Feb 2014 [171] Times Now-India TV-CVoter 14,000[172] 101 (INC 89) 227 (BJP 202) 215
Feb 2014 [168] ABP News-Nielsen 29,000 92 236 29 186
Feb 2014 [173] CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS 29,000 119 – 139
(INC 94 – 110)
212 – 232
(BJP 193 – 213)
105–193
March 2014 [174] NDTV- Hansa Research 46,571 128 230 55 130
March 2014 [175] CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS 20,957 111–123 234–246 174–198
April 2014 [176] NDTV- Hansa Research 24,000[177] 111 (INC 92) 275 (BJP 226) 157

Exit polls edit

The Election Commission of India banned the publication of all exit polls starting 48 hours before Phase 1 of the election until the end of Phase 9. This was intended to prevent exit polls from earlier phases affecting voter decisions in later phases. The ban ended after the close of Phase 9 voting at 6:30pm IST on 12 May 2014.[178]

When conducted Ref Polling organisation/agency Constituencies
polled
UPA NDA LF Other
April/May 2014
(post-poll)
[179] CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS 287[180] 92–102
(INC 72–82)
270–282
(BJP 230–242)
125–171
April/May 2014
(exit+post-poll)
[181] India Today – Cicero 543[182] 110–120 261–283 150–162
April/May 2014
(exit+post-poll)
[181][183] News 24-Today's Chanakya 479[184] 61–79
(INC 48–66)
326–354
(BJP 277–305)
122–144
Publish Date Ref Polling Organisation
NDA UPA Other
12 May 2014 [181] CNN-IBN – CSDS – Lokniti 276 97 148
[181][182] India Today – Cicero 272 115

156

[181][183] News 24Chanakya 340 70 133
[181] Times Now – ORG 249 148 146
[181][185] ABP NewsNielsen 274 97 165
[181] India TVCVoter 289 101 148
14 May 2014 [186][187] NDTV – Hansa Research 279 103 161
[188] CNN-IBN – CSDS 280 97 148
12 May 2014 [181] Poll of Polls 283 105 149

Controversies edit

During the course of the campaign, several controversies arose with parties being accused by one another and the Election Commission of India of violating Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct that is in force during the election.

In the run-up to the election the media in India was criticised for its establishment ties between family owners and political parties. It caused self-censorship and editorial dismissals at certain media outlets.[189]

India Today temporarily suspended its CVoter opinion poll in late February after a News Express sting operation suggesting Polling Agencies like Ipsos and CVoter fudged the numbers to show BJP candidate Narendra Modi in the lead.[190]

Voting edit

In total there were 1.4 million electronic voting machines in 930,000 voting centres. The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 constituencies of Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram as a pilot project.[191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198] Also, Braille ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations. The scale of the election required 1.1 million of civil servants and 5.5 million civilian employees to handle the election. It was the first election that had the "none of the above" option and allowed Non-Resident Indians to vote; though only in India.[108] Security was increased during the election, particularly as the Communist Party of India (Maoist) (CPI (Maoist)) called for a boycott of the election.[199] On 12 April, even though there was no voting this day, a vehicle in Chhattisgarh hit a CPI (Maoist) landmine resulting in the deaths of two bus drivers and five election officials, with four more injured, while travelling from Kutru to Bijapur in preparation for the fifth phase of voting. On the same day, within an hour, they also ambushed a vehicle resulting in the deaths of five paramilitary soldiers in the Darbha forest.[200] The election was the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country, with the Election Commission of India estimating that the election did cost the exchequer 3500 crore (US$577 million), excluding the expenses incurred for security and by the individual political parties.[201] Parties were expected to spend 30,500 crore (US$5 billion) in the election, according to the Centre for Media Studies. This was three times the amount spent in the previous election in 2009, and was then the world's second highest after the US$7 billion spent on the 2012 US presidential election.[202]

The election reportedly boosted the hospitality sector as, according to ASSOCHAM, tourist arrivals from the countries such as the US, UK, France, Singapore and the U.A.E. have gone up by 10–15 percent, while the movement of domestic tourists jumped by 62%.[203]

Turnout edit

Based on data from Election Commission India[204]

State/UT Total Electors Total Voters Total Turnout Total seats
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) 269,360 190,328 70.66% 1
Andhra Pradesh 64,938,750 48,358,545 74.47% 42
Arunachal Pradesh 759,387 596,956 78.61% 2
Assam 18,885,274 15,085,883 79.88% 14
Bihar 63,761,796 35,885,366 56.28% 40
Chandigarh (UT) 615,214 453,455 73.71% 1
Chhattisgarh 17,623,049 12,255,579 69.54% 11
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) 196,617 165,286 84.06% 1
Daman & Diu (UT) 111,827 87,233 78.01% 1
Goa 1,060,777 817,000 77.02% 2
Gujarat 40,603,104 25,824,003 63.60% 26
Haryana 16,097,749 11,495,150 71.41% 10
Himachal Pradesh 4,810,071 3,098,501 64.42% 4
Jammu & Kashmir 7,202,163 3,566,863 49.52% 6
Jharkhand 20,326,743 12,982,940 63.87% 14
Karnataka 46,212,109 31,038,888 67.17% 28
Kerala 24,326,649 17,975,893 73.89% 20
Lakshadweep (UT) 49,922 43,239 86.61% 1
Madhya Pradesh 48,118,040 29,639,796 61.60% 29
Maharashtra 80,717,283 48,718,844 60.36% 48
Manipur 1,774,325 1,412,637 79.62% 2
Meghalaya 1,567,241 1,078,058 68.79% 2
Mizoram 702,170 433,201 61.69% 1
Nagaland 1,182,948 1,038,910 87.82% 1
NCT OF Delhi 12,711,236 8,271,766 65.07% 7
Orissa 29,196,041 21,532,275 73.75% 21
Puducherry (UT) 901,357 740,017 82.10% 1
Punjab 19,608,008 13,845,132 70.61% 13
Rajasthan 42,969,447 27,110,044 63.09% 25
Sikkim 370,611 308,967 83.37% 1
Tamil Nadu 55,114,505 40,620,440 73.70% 39
Tripura 2,388,819 2,023,859 84.72% 2
Uttar Pradesh 138,965,820 81,092,302 58.35% 80
Uttarakhand 7,129,939 4,391,890 61.66% 5
West Bengal 62,833,128 51,622,555 82.16% 42
India 834,082,814 554,175,255 66.44% 543
  • Phase 1: 7 April

Turnout was 75% in Assam and 84% in Tripura.[205] Assam's INC Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi said that "there is no Narendra Modi magic in Assam. The Congress has been winning every form of elections since 2001 in Assam, and we are going to repeat the performance this time." Additionally, the borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan were closed for security reasons.[206]

  • Phase 2: 9 and 11 April

The turnouts were recorded at 82.5% in Nagaland, 71% in Arunachal Pradesh, 66% in Meghalaya and 70% in Manipur.[207][208] Mizoram's voting was deferred to 11 April,[209] where the turnout was 60%.[210]

  • Phase 3: 10 April

About 110 million of people were eligible to vote for 91 seats. The turnout was 76% in Kerala, 64% in Delhi, 55.98% in Madhya Pradesh, 54.13% in Maharashtra, 65% in Uttar Pradesh and 66.29% in Jammu.[199] Kerala and Chandigarh set new voter turnout records. A higher proportion of eligible electors voted in 2014 than in 2009.[211]

  • Phase 4: 12 April

Voter turnout set new records or were near record levels with 75% in Goa, 75% in Assam, 81.8% in Tripura and 80.97%[212] in Sikkim (including the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election).[213] West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee nearly cancelled the polls in her region after initially refusing to changes to the appointments of civil service departments, but was forced to constitutionally do so.[214]

  • Phase 5: 17 April

The largest voting day involved nearly 200 million eligible voters,[215] 1,769 candidates for 121 seat. The voting turnout in Uttar Pradesh was 62%, West Bengal was 80%, over 70% in Odisha, 69% in Jammu and Kashmir, 54% in Madhya Pradesh and 62% in Jharkhand.[216] Manipur had 74%[215] and Maharashtra had a 61.7% turnout.[217] In Karnataka, the average voting was up on 65% against 58% in the previous election, though urban voters were lower.[218][219] In Chhattisgarh, the voter turnout was 63.44% compared to 57.6% in 2009, while Rajasthan recorded a 63.25% voter turnout, compared to 48.09% in 2009.[220] In Bihar's seven constituencies, the turnout was 56%, compared to 39% in 2009.[221] In one of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, the turnout of 70% was significantly higher than the 2009 figure of 45%.[222] Overall across India, the turnout on the day was over 65%[215] and nearly all constituencies had a higher voter turnout than 2009.[222]

  • Phase 6: 24 April

The second largest voting day entailed 180 million eligible voters across 201,735 voting centres to elect 117 members of parliament from 2,098 candidates.[223] Tamil Nadu set a new voter turnout record for Lok Sabha elections with 73%, while West Bengal experienced the highest voter turnout for the day at 82%.[224] As compared to that, urban centres such as Mumbai and Chennai saw lower voter turnouts, but bettered their figures from previous years. Mumbai witnessed a 53% turnout, compared to 41% in 2009.[225] The rural areas of Maharashtra saw over 60% turnout, Madhya Pradesh had 64%, Uttar Pradesh had over 60%, Chhattisgarh had about 66%, Assam had over 70%,[226] Bihar has about 60%, Jharkhand had 63.4%, Rajasthan had about 60% and Pudhucherry had about 82%.[223][227] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, had the lowest turnout of 28%, after a boycott call by separatists,[228] an attack on 22 April that killed three people,[229] and with thousands of Kashmiri Pandits protesting in the afternoon that their names were missing from the electoral roll.[230] As with previous phases, the overall voter turnout for the day was higher than 2009.[231] In both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the turnout was about 9% higher, while Uttar Pradesh saw a 13% increase.[223][226]

  • Phase 7: 30 April

The 7th phase of voting entailed about 140 million eligible voters to elect 89 members of parliament from 1,295 candidates in 7 states and 2 Union Territories.[232] Punjab set a new record in its voter turnout for general elections with 73%.[233] Gujarat saw the highest jump in voter turnout for the day with 62% turnout compared to 48% turnout in 2009 Lok Sabha elections. The nine constituencies in West Bengal reported over 81% turnout.[234] Uttar Pradesh witnessed 57% turnout compared to 48% in 2009, while Bihar saw 60% compared to 52% in 2009.[232] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, eligible to vote in this phase, had the lowest turnout for the day at 26% compared to 25.55% in 2009, after a boycott call by separatists.[235] Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, which will become India's new state on 2 June 2014, saw nearly 72% turnout to elect Lok Sabha members as well as its first state government.[234] The aggregate turnout so far in the first 7 phases for 438 parliamentary seats has been 66.20%, significantly more than 57.41% figure in 2009 general elections.[233]

  • Phase 8: 7 May

The 8th phase saw voting for 64 Lok Sabha seats in 7 states with 897 candidates competing.[236] Along with the general elections, polls were also held for the first Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh excluding Telangana region.[237] The voter turnout was high, with West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh each setting their respective general election voter turnout records. West Bengal recorded 81% polling compared to 78% for 2009.[236] Andhra Pradesh recorded nearly 76% voter turnout.[238] Himachal Pradesh saw about 66% turnout compared to 58% for 2009.[239] Uttarakhand also set a new voter turnout record with 62% compared to 53% in 2009.[240] The 2 constituencies of Jammu & Kashmir that voted witnessed a 49.9% turnout,[236] while constituencies of Bihar saw 58% compared to 45% in 2009.[240] Uttar Pradesh experienced a 55.5% turnout compared to 43.4% in 2009.[241]

  • Phase 9: 12 May

The 9th and last phase of voting entailed over 90 million eligible voters to elect 41 members of parliament from 606 candidates in 3 states.[242] The 6 seats in Bihar saw a voter turnout of 58%, compared to 46% in 2009.[242] Uttar Pradesh's 18 constituencies witnessed a 55.3% turnout, compared to 46.6% in 2009.[243] In West Bengal, the 17 constituencies that voted, saw a turnout of about 80% compared to 82% in 2009.[243]

The 2014 general elections, according to the Election Commission of India, recorded a cumulative total of 66.38% voter turnout, or 551.3 million out of 814 million eligible people casting their vote, according to provisional figures.[244] The 2014 turnout surpassed India's previous highest voter turnout record of 64% in 1984 general elections.[242][245] The voter turnout in 2009 general elections was 58.19%, while 2004 general elections saw a voter turnout of 56.98%.[245] The 2014 general elections entailed 8,202 candidates competing for 543 seats.[246]

Re-polls edit

Many locations required re-polling for various reasons. There was re-polling on 9 polling stations in Orissa on 25 April.[247][248] The Election Commission ordered re-polls in 52 polling booths (30 in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 11 in West Bengal) because of complaints of booth capturing, rigging, violence or as demanded by the locals. The re-poll was held on 13 May. In Uttar Pradesh, re-polls were held in 3 polling booths in Muzaffarnagar, 7 in Ferozabad and 1 in Badaun.[249][250] Re-polling also occurred on 14 May in Arunachal Pradesh and on 15 May in the states of Nagaland and Haryana.[251][252][253][254] The Left parties and BJP alleged mass rigging and booth capturing by Trinamool Congress at thousands of polling stations in West Bengal.[255][256][257][258] AAP demanded re-polling in 108 booths.[252][259]

Congress demanded re-polling at 1,344 polling stations in Nagaland.[260] Re-polling was done in two polling stations in Tamil Nadu on 10 May and in 3 polling stations in Andhra Pradesh(Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) on 13 May.[261][262][263][264] In Bihar, there was re-polling on 2 polling stations of Sitamarhi on 11 May and 3 polling stations in Muzaffarnagar went to re-polling on 13 May.[264][265][266][267] On 15 May, there was re-polling in one booth in Tamil Nadu, and at 5 booths in West Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland.[251][268][269][270][271][272][273][274] It was reported that not a single voter turned up for a re-poll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland on 15 May.[275][276] On 12 May, the Bombay High court declined to order supplementary polling for voters in Maharashtra whose names were missing from the electoral rolls. There were speculated to be as many as 100,000 voters missing from the electoral roll in Pune and as many as 200,000 missing from electoral roll in Mumbai.[277][278][279][280][281]

Voting pattern edit

The BJP secured 39% support from first time voters, while Congress received 19% of the first time votes.[2] The NDA won 39 of 74 seats where Muslim voters make up between 21 and 95% of the total electorate. The BJP won all 16 seats in Uttar Pradesh. It also secured 5 out of 9 such seats in Bihar. Analyst Saeed Naqvi believes that Amit Shah managed to convince Dalits and OBC voters to elect the BJP as "Muslim appeasers in an atmosphere of perpetual communal tension".[282]

The BJP won all 26 seats in Gujarat, marking the first time a single party won all seats in the state. The previous record was held by the Congress which won 25 of the 26 seats in the 1984 general election.[283] The assembly segment-wise result of Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh shows that the BJP was number one in 328 seats, while the ruling SP led in just 42. Congress was ahead in 15, BSP 9 and Apna Dal 9. In 2012, SP had formed government by winning 224 assembly seats. BSP had won 80, BJP 47, Congress 28 and Apna Dal one.[284]

Similarly, in Maharashtra BJP-Shiva Sena alliance has got a lead in 246 assembly segments out of the total 288.[285] By securing seven of the 10 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, BJP remained ahead on 52 assembly segments in the state. Its ally HJC could not win any of the Lok Sabha seats it contested, but its candidates remained ahead in seven assembly segments. BJP contested 8 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, leaving two constituencies for its alliance partner HJC. BJP candidates remained ahead in all 27 assembly segments of Ambala, Karnal and Faridabad parliamentary constituencies. BJP won all seats except Rohtak where its candidate Om Prakash Dhankar lost to Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda's son and sitting MP Deepender Hooda.[286]

Results edit

 
PartyVotes%Seats
Bharatiya Janata Party171,660,23031.00282
Indian National Congress106,935,94219.3144
Bahujan Samaj Party22,946,3464.140
All India Trinamool Congress21,262,6653.8434
Samajwadi Party18,673,0893.375
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam18,111,5793.2737
Communist Party of India (Marxist)17,988,9553.259
Telugu Desam Party14,099,2302.5516
YSR Congress Party13,995,4352.539
Aam Aadmi Party11,325,3872.054
Shiv Sena10,262,5441.8518
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam9,631,2461.740
Biju Janata Dal9,489,9461.7120
Nationalist Congress Party8,635,5581.566
Rashtriya Janata Dal7,440,9371.344
Telangana Rashtra Samithi6,736,2701.2211
Janata Dal (United)5,992,2811.082
Communist Party of India4,327,4600.781
Janata Dal (Secular)3,731,4810.672
Shiromani Akali Dal3,636,1480.664
Indian National Lok Dal2,799,8990.512
All India United Democratic Front2,333,0400.423
Lok Jan Shakti Party2,295,9290.416
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam2,078,8430.380
Pattali Makkal Katchi1,827,5660.331
Revolutionary Socialist Party1,666,3800.301
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha1,637,9940.302
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)1,579,7720.290
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1,417,5350.260
All India Forward Bloc1,211,4180.220
Swabhimani Paksha1,105,0730.201
Indian Union Muslim League1,100,0960.202
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party1,078,4730.193
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation1,007,2750.180
Naga People's Front994,5050.181
Apna Dal821,8200.152
Bahujan Mukti Party791,9510.140
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party732,6440.133
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena708,0100.130
Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)703,6980.130
Rashtriya Lok Dal696,9180.130
All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen685,7300.121
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi606,1100.110
Asom Gana Parishad577,7300.100
National Peoples Party576,4480.101
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)520,9720.090
Peace Party518,7240.090
Peasants and Workers Party of India497,7210.090
All Jharkhand Students Union488,7190.090
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha458,5800.080
Kerala Congress (M)424,1940.081
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference396,7130.070
Social Democratic Party of India396,5240.070
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh360,8540.070
Quami Ekta Dal354,5770.060
Bodoland People's Front330,1060.060
Socialist Janata (Democratic)307,5970.060
Gondwana Ganatantra Party301,3660.050
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi293,6810.050
Puthiya Tamilagam262,8120.050
All India N.R. Congress255,8260.051
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi236,6790.040
Welfare Party of India228,6450.040
Jai Bharat Samanta Party215,6070.040
Republican Party of India (Athawale)206,6890.040
Jai Samaikyandhra Party204,2600.040
Jharkhand Party203,8690.040
Pyramid Party of India185,4780.030
Ambedkarite Party of India185,0950.030
Lok Satta Party165,6700.030
Sikkim Democratic Front163,6980.031
Aama Odisha Party155,9000.030
National Unionist Zamindara Party124,9900.020
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha121,9560.020
Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party118,9470.020
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star114,3230.020
Marxist Co-ordination Committee110,1850.020
Jharkhand Disom Party109,8430.020
United Democratic Party106,8170.020
385 other parties with fewer than 100,000 votes4,017,0810.730
Independents16,737,7203.023
None of the above6,002,9421.08
Nominated Anglo-Indians2
Total553,802,946100.00545
Valid votes553,802,94699.93
Invalid/blank votes368,8730.07
Total votes554,171,819100.00
Registered voters/turnout834,082,81466.44
Source: ECI

About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.[287] A candidate with criminal case(s) had 13% chance of winning the election, whereas a candidate with a clean record had only 5% chance of winning. (Here, chance of winning = No. of winners in the category/ Total no. of candidates in that category.)[288]

Out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) have total assets of 1 crore (US$130,000) or more. In the 15th Lok Sabha, out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of 1 crore (US$130,000) or more.[148] The average assets per member are 14.7 crore (US$1.8 million) (in 2009, this figure was 5.35 crore (US$670,000)).

By region edit

Region Total Seats Bharatiya Janata Party Indian National Congress Others
South India 130 22
22 / 130 (17%)
  2 19
19 / 130 (15%)
  42 90   40
West India 78 53
53 / 78 (68%)
  26 2
2 / 78 (3%)
  27 23   1
North India 225 190
190 / 225 (84%)
  127 8
8 / 225 (4%)
  71 27   56
North-East India 25 8
8 / 25 (32%)
  4 8
8 / 25 (32%)
  5 9   1
East India 63 3
3 / 63 (5%)
  2 4
4 / 63 (6%)
  8 56   5
Union Territories 22 6
6 / 22 (27%)
  5 3
3 / 22 (14%)
  9 0  
Total 543 282 +166 44 -162 205 +9
Source: Times of India[289]

By alliance edit

National Democratic Alliance (336)

282 18 16 6 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1
BJP SS TDP LJP SAD RLSP AD PMK SWP AINRC NPP NPF


United Progressive Alliance (60)

44 6 4 2 2 1 1
INC NCP RJD IUML JMM KC(M) RSP


Others (147)

37 34 20 11 2 3 4 3 2 2 5 1 1 9 3 1 9
AIADMK AITC BJD TRS INLD AIUDF AAP J&KPDP JD(S) JD(U) SP SDF AIMIM YSRCP IND. CPI CPI(M)

By state edit

Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1)

1
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 47.8 +3.59 1 0
Indian National Congress 40.8 −1.23 0 0

Andhra Pradesh (25)

2 15 8
BJP TDP YSRCP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Telugu Desam Party (NDA) 29.10 +4.17 15 +9
YSR Congress Party 28.90 +28.90 8 +8
Indian National Congress 11.5 −27.45 0 −19
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 8.50 --- 2 +2

Arunachal Pradesh (2)

1 1
BJP INC

Assam (14)

7 3 3 1
BJP INC AIUDF IND.
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 36.50 +19.29 7 +3
Indian National Congress 29.60 −4.31 3 −4
All India United Democratic Front 14.80 −2.30 3 +2
Asom Gana Parishad 3.80 −8.81 0 −1
Independent (politician) --- --- 1 +1

Bihar (40)

22 6 3 2 4 1 2
BJP LJP RLSP JD(U) RJD NCP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 29.40 +15.47 22 +10
Lok Janshakti Party (NDA) 6.40 --- 6 +6
Rashtriya Janata Dal (UPA) 20.10 +0.80 4 0
Janata Dal (United) 15.80 −8.24 2 −18
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (NDA) 3.00 --- 3 +3
Nationalist Congress Party 1.20 --- 1 +1
Indian National Congress (UPA) 8.40 −1.86 2 0
Independent --- --- 0 −2

Chandigarh (1)

1
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 42.20 +19.46 1 +1
Indian National Congress 26.80 −20.07 0 −1
Aam Aadmi Party 24.00 New 0 0

Chhattisgarh (11)

10 1
BJP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 48.70 −1.09 10 0
Indian National Congress 38.40 +13.67 1 0

Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1)

1
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 48.90 +2.47 1 0
Indian National Congress 45.10 −0.75 0 0

Daman & Diu (1)

1
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 53.80% −11.46 1 0
Indian National Congress 43.30% +14.29 0 0

NCT of Delhi (7)

7
BJP
NParty Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 46.40% 7 +7
Indian National Congress 15.10% −42.01% 0 −7
Aam Aadmi Party 32.90% +32.90% 0 0

Goa (2)

2
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 53.40% +8.62 2 +1
Indian National Congress 36.60% −14.00 0 −1

Gujarat (26)

26
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 59.10% +12.59 26 +11
Indian National Congress 32.90% −10.48 0 −11

Haryana (10)

7 2 1
BJP INLD INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 34.70% 7 +7
Indian National Congress 22.90% −18.87 1 −8
Indian National Lok Dal 24.40% 2 +2

Himachal Pradesh (4)

4
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 53.31% +3.72 4 +1
Indian National Congress 40.70% −4.91 0 −1

Jammu and Kashmir (6)

3 3
BJP JKPDP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 34.40% 3 +3
Indian National Congress 22.90% −1.77 0 −2
Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party 20.50% 3 +3
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 11.10% −8.00% 0 −3
Independent --- --- 0 −1

Jharkhand (14)

12 2
BJP JMM
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 40.10% +12.57% 12 +4
Indian National Congress (UPA) 13.30% −1.72% 0 −1
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha 12.10% 0 −1
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (UPA) 9.30% −2.4% 2 0
Independent --- --- 0 −2

Karnataka (28)

17 2 9
BJP JD(S) INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 43.00% −1.37 17 −2
Indian National Congress 40.80% +3.15 9 +3
Janata Dal (Secular) 11.00% −2.57% 2 −1

Kerala (20)

8 2 1 1 5 1 2
INC IUML KC(M) RSP CPI(M) CPI IND.
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Indian National Congress 31.10% 8 −5
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 21.60% 5 +1
Communist Party of India 7.60% 1 +1
Indian Union Muslim League 4.50% 2 0
Kerala Congress (M) 2.40% 1 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1 +1
Bharatiya Janata Party 10.30% 0 0
IND. (backed by Left Democratic Front) 2 +2

19 July 2018 Jose K Mani quit the lower house after being nominated to Rajya Sabha.[1]

Lakshadweep (1)

1
NCP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Nationalist Congress Party 50.10% +3.79 1 +1
Indian National Congress 46.60% −5.32 0 −1

Madhya Pradesh (29)

27 2
BJP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 55.00% +10.55 27 +10
Indian National Congress 34.90% −5.24% 2 −9
Bahujan Samaj Party 3.8% −2.05% 0 −1

Maharashtra (48)

23 18 1 4 2
BJP Shiv Sena SWP NCP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 27.30% +9.13% 23 +14
Shiv Sena (NDA) 20.60% +3.60% 18 +7
Indian National Congress (UPA) 18.10% −1.51 2 −15
Nationalist Congress Party (UPA) 16.00% −3.28 4 −4
Swabhimani Paksha (NDA) 2.30% 1 0
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi --- --- 0 −1
Independent --- --- 0 −1

Manipur (2)

2
INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 11.90% 0 0
Indian National Congress 41.70% −1.26% 2 0
Naga People's Front 19.90% 0 0
Communist Party of India 14.00% 0 0

Meghalaya (2)

1 1
NPP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 8.90% 0 0
Indian National Congress (UPA) 37.90% −6.94% 1 0
National People's Party (NDA) 22.20% +22.20 1 +1
Nationalist Congress Party (UPA) --- −18.78% 0 −1

Mizoram (1)

1
INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Indian National Congress 48.60% +16.98 1 0

Nagaland (1)

1
NPF
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Naga People's Front (NDA) 68.70% −1.26 1 0
Indian National Congress 30.10% 0

Odisha (21)

20 1
BJD BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Biju Janata Dal 44.10% +6.87 20 +6
Bharatiya Janata Party 21.50% 1 +1
Indian National Congress 26.00% −6.75 0 −6
Communist Party of India 0.3% −2.27% 0 −1

Puducherry (1)

1
All India N R Congress
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
All India N.R. Congress (NDA) 34.60% +34.60 1 +1
Indian National Congress 26.3% −23.16% 0 −1
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 17.93% +17.93% 0 0

Punjab (13)

2 4 4 3
BJP SAD AAP INC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Indian National Congress 33.10% −12.13 3 −5
Shiromani Akali Dal 20.30% −13.55% 4 0
Bharatiya Janata Party 8.70% −1.36 2 +1
Aam Aadmi Party 30.40% +30.40% 4 +4

Rajasthan (25)

25
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 50.90% +7.71 25 +21
Indian National Congress 30.40% −16.79 0 −20

Sikkim (1)

1
SDF
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Sikkim Democratic Front 53.00% −13.30 1 0
Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 39.50% +39.50% 0 0
Bharatiya Janata Party 2.40% +0.59 0 0
Indian National Congress 2.30% −27.26% 0 0

Tamil Nadu (39)

37 1 1
AIADMK PMK BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 44.30% +21.42% 37 +28
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 23.60% −1.49 0 −18
Bharatiya Janata Party 5.50% 1 +1
Pattali Makkal Katchi 4.40% 1 +1

Telangana (17)

11 2 1 1 1 1
TRS INC BJP TDP YSRCP AIMIM
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Telangana Rashtra Samithi 33.90 +7.76 11 +9
Indian National Congress 20.5 −27.45 2 -10
Bharatiya Janata Party 8.50 --- 1 +1
Telugu Desam Party 3.10 +4.17 1 -1
YSR Congress Party 2.90 +2.90 1 +1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1.40 −0.53 1 0

Tripura (2)

2
CPI(M)
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 64.00% +2.31 2 0
Indian National Congress 15.20% 0 0
Bharatiya Janata Party 5.70% 0 0

Uttar Pradesh (80)

71 5 2 2
BJP SP INC AD
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 42.30% +24.80 71 +61
Samajwadi Party 22.20% −1.06 5 -22
Bahujan Samaj Party 19.60% −7.82 0 −16
Indian National Congress 7.50% −10.75 2 −19
Apna Dal 1.00% 2 +2

Uttarakhand (5)

5
BJP
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
Bharatiya Janata Party 55.30% 5 +5
Indian National Congress 34.00% −9.13 0 −5

West Bengal (42)

2 4 2 34
BJP INC CPI(M) TMC
Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
All India Trinamool Congress 39.35% +8.60 34 +15
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 22.71% −10.1 2 −13
Bharatiya Janata Party 16.84% +10.90 2 +1
Indian National Congress 9.58% −3.80 4 −2

Reactions edit

Domestic edit

Economic

The country's economic indicators were performing well in advance of the result in expectation of a BJP win, on the perception that Modi is business-friendly. The benchmark BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty indices hit record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened following months of poor performance.[290] On the result day, as early vote counts gave the BJP a majority lead, the Sensex reached a record high of 25,375.63 points.[291] It ended the day at a new closing high of 24,121.74. The Nifty reached a record high of 7,563.50, before ending the day at a new closing high of 7,203.[292] The Indian rupee rose to an 11-month high of 58.62 against the US dollar and closed at 58.79.[293] Deutsche Bank revised its December 2014 target for the Sensex to 28,000, and Macquarie revised its 12-month target for the Nifty to 8,400 from 7,200. Edelweiss set its December 2014 targets for the Sensex and Nifty at 29,000 and 9,000 respectively.[294]

Media

India Times suggested that the election was watched in Pakistan with Modi being the less popular candidate than AAP's Kejriwal. Comparisons were made between the latter and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's Imran Khan.[295] Analysts suggested a high turnout would favour the BJP as it indicates an increase in participation of urban voters who are the party's traditional vote bank. Others have suggested however, that this could indicate an increase in voting amongst the 150 million Muslims that generally support the INC. Varghese K George, the political editor of The Hindu said that both readings rely on too many assumptions but that the only reading so far was the BJP was "doing well [and] Modi is managing to make some connection with voters and the Congress is doing pretty badly."[296]

Politicians

When it became clear that the BJP would win the election, Narendra Modi tweeted, "India has won! Bharat ki Vijay. Ache din ane wale hai (good days are ahead)."[297] This tweet instantly became India's most retweeted Twitter post.[298] Manmohan Singh congratulated Modi by telephone.[299][300] Congress President Sonia Gandhi accepted the defeat and congratulated the new government saying, "I congratulate the next government. I take full responsibility for the loss of Congress." Rahul Gandhi also did the same saying, "The new government has been given a mandate by the people. As Congress Vice President I hold myself responsible. The Congress party has done badly."[301]

Former Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh said, "I am surprised by the results, especially in Telangana and Jharkhand. There was clearly a Modi effect."[302] At the Congress Working Committee (CWC) meeting on 19 May, general secretary Mohan Prakash claimed that Israeli intelligence agency Mossad and the RSS had been working together since 2009 to defeat the UPA government. Prakash further claimed that this was because of Israel's unhappiness with the UPA government. According to him, this was because the UPA only had limited political relations with Israel, unlike the previous NDA government. Outgoing Finance Minister P. Chidambaram criticised the style of functioning and work culture at the Congress headquarters for the loss, and suggested adopting a more corporate approach. Some Congress members blamed Japanese communication agency Dentsu, which had been hired by the party, at a cost of nearly 6 billion, to handle their election advertising campaign and image makeover of Rahul Gandhi along with another agency Burson-Marsteller. Chairman of the party's communication department Ajay Maken harshly criticised Dentsu India executive chairman Rohit Ohri for a "spineless campaign". Priya Dutt, Secretary of the party's communication department, pointed out the gap between the people and the Congress leadership stating, "We need to bridge that gap. We need to bring that right up to the leadership. There is a lot of criticism. We have to look at where we have gone wrong in the past 10 years."[303] DNA described the accusations against Mossad, RSS and Dentsu as "bizarre theories", and noted that "everyone except vice-president Rahul Gandhi has been held responsible for their crushing defeat."[303]

Union minister in the outgoing government Milind Deora told The Indian Express on 21 May that although "many factors" led to the party's defeat and Rahul's leadership alone could not be blamed, "it was not about one person's image but the people surrounding that person also. Deora stated that many party members felt that the decision makers in the party had "no electoral experience...no stature, standing, respect and credibility in the party". He accused the people who "were in charge of important departments and held key positions" of not listening to party cadres and MPs, which he believed prevented a "diverse opinion" from being heard and "shut out a lot of people". Deora stated, "A lot of us felt our voices were never heard. We felt our voices don't matter. This has to change. The MPs and ministers should not feel we are being not heard. It is not the advisors alone. The people who take the advice also have to bear responsibility. Those who gave advice and those who received the advice as also those who feel they can give better advice – all have to bear responsibility." Deora felt the party had to "open up" and "promote avenues for dissent and debate internally". When asked who was to blame, Deora said, "there are many people from top to bottom ... there was lack of coordination and the response was slow ... there was a very unresponsive attitude. ... the buck stops with the party."[304][305] Although this statement received support from several Congress members, Deora clarified on Twitter, "My comments are out of emotions of deep loyalty to the party, pain of our performance & a sincere desire to see us bounce back. Nothing more." Senior party leader Satyavrat Chaturvedi expressed hope that an "honest and ruthless introspection" would be carried out fix the problems. He further stated that while Deora's statement may not have been fully correct, a "large portion of what he said is correct". Congress members such as Jairam Ramesh, Madan Gopal and Kanishka Singh criticised Rahul Gandhi's aides.[303]

Individuals

Rajnikanth congratulated Narendra Modi on Twitter for his "historic win". The actor also congratulated Jayalalithaa for her party's performance in the election.[306] Tamil actor Dhanush also tweeted congratulations to Modi. Several Bollywood celebrities including Subhash Ghai, Vishal Dadalani, Lata Mangeshkar, Ranvir Shorey, Vivek Oberoi, Baba Sehgal, Shekhar Kapur, Arshad Warsi, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal, Farhan Akhtar, Karan Johar, Sangeeth Sivan, Kabir Bedi, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Atul Kasbekar and Pritish Nandy tweeted congratulations to Modi and the BJP for their victory.[307]

President of Film Federation of India Ravi Kottarakara congratulated Modi "on behalf of the entire Indian film fraternity". CEO of the Film & TV Producers Guild of India Kulmmet Makkar described the "clear mandate" as being "great" for the Indian film industry. He also expressed "positive hopes" from the new government.[308]

International edit

  •   Afghanistan – President Hamid Karzai sent congratulations. Karzai, who attended school in Shimla, spoke to Modi in Hindi.[309] Spokesperson Aimal Faizi tweeted, "President #Karzai extends his warm Congratulations to @narendramodi on victory in elections. Afghans always regard #India as a true friend"[310]
  •   Australia – Prime Minister Tony Abbott called Modi to congratulate him. He tweeted, "I've spoken to @narendramodi and congratulated him on his success. I look forward to strengthening ties between India and Australia". He further said that he was looking forward to meet Modi during the upcoming G-20 Summit to be held in Brisbane in November 2014.[310][311]
  •   Bangladesh – Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina wrote, "The decisive verdict given by the people of your great country is a strong testimony to your dynamic, inspiring and visionary leadership qualities and manifestation of the trust and confidence reposed in you by the people of the largest democracy in the world. I am delighted to see a great friend of Bangladesh leading an extremely friendly country, India, in the coming days."[312] She further stated, "I hope that you would find my country your second home and first destination for your official visit abroad".[311] Hasina also sent a separate letter to BJP President Rajnath Singh congratulating him and party members for their "landslide victory", on behalf of the Bangladesh Awami League.[310] Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) chief Khaleda Zia, and the Jamaat-e-Islami also sent messages congratulating Modi.[311][313]
  •   Bhutan – Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay and King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[311]
  •   Brunei – Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah sent a message of congratulations to Modi. In his message, the Sultan wished Modi success and looked forward to working with him to strengthen long-standing ties of friendship and co-operation between Brunei and India, including through work in the Commonwealth and the Asean-India Dialogue.[314]
  •   Canada – Canadian High Commissioner Stewart Beck said, "I had the pleasure to meet with Modi during his time as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and I look forward to working with him to grow Canada's bilateral relationship with India. I also wish to congratulate the people of India on exercising their right to vote and showing the world the strength of their democratic system."[311] Prime minister Stephen Harper sent a congratulatory message to Modi on 17 May.[315]
  •   China – Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said, "China is willing to make joint efforts with the new Indian government, maintain high level exchanges, deepen cooperation in all areas and bring the China-India strategic partnership to new height."[312] The Chinese government formally congratulated Modi on 23 May. The Chinese government had been waiting for Modi to be officially be sworn in before issuing a formal message, as they were conscious of protocol. Modi made four visits to China during his tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat, resulting in over US$900 million worth of Chinese investments in Gujarat.[316] Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Modi on 26 May. He stated that China viewed India as a "natural cooperative partner" and expressed his desire to work together for "peaceful, cooperative and common development" that would "not only bring benefits to their own people but also contribute to peace, stability and prosperity of Asia and beyond".[317]
  •   Denmark – Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[311][312]
  •   France – French Ambassador to India François Richier stated, "This massive vote of confidence highlights the vitality of Indian democracy. France is keen to work hand in hand with the new Indian leadership. Paris statement will follow formal announcement by Election Commission."[311] President Francois Hollande congratulated Modi by telephone on 19 May. He invited him to come to France "when he wished". French Embassy officials stated, "He [Hollande] confirmed that he [Modi] would have France's support in the task at hand and reiterated his commitment to the strategic partnership and friendship between France and India, a partner and ally of France."[318]
  •   Germany – On 15 May, the day prior to the results being declared, German Ambassador to India Michael Steiner stated, "An elected Prime Minister of India does not need a visa for Germany, he is welcome there".[319][320] Chancellor Angela Merkel called Modi on 19 May, congratulated him on his victory and invited him to Berlin.[321]
  •   Israel – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu telephoned Narendra Modi to congratulate him.[322] A statement read, "He [Netanyahu] said that he was looking forward to work with Mr. Modi and enhance bilateral cooperation".[310]
  •   Japan – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[323][324]
  •   Malaysia – Prime Minister Najib Razak congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter, and also stated that he was "looking forward to continuing strong Malaysia-India partnership" under the new government.[325][326]
  •   Maldives – President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom congratulated Modi and sent wishes for "every success and prosperity". The President stated that India had chosen "the most proficient leadership".[327] Modi was also congratulated by former President Mohamed Nasheed on Twitter.[328][329] Indian High Commissioner to the Maldives Rajeev Shahare stated that relations between the countries would strengthen under the new prime minister.[330]
  •   Mauritius – Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam sent a message to Modi on 16 May, congratulating Modi for "the impressive and well-deserved victory of his party". Ramgoolam stated that "these elections in the largest democracy of the world are yet again a testimony to the exceptional robustness of Indian democracy", and added that "Mauritius applauds and commends India for upholding her acclaimed democratic credentials to which Mauritius feels particularly attached". He further stated "your electoral victory is a defining moment in the contemporary history of your great country. It certainly reflects the trust that the people place in you to chart the future course of your nation. You embody the politics of hope and delivery to your people in their aspirations for development and prosperity".[331]
  •     Nepal – Prime Minister Sushil Koirala congratulated Narendra Modi on his victory and invited him to visit Nepal. President Ram Baran Yadav also called Modi and BJP President Rajnath Singh to congratulate them on the BJP's victory.[332]
  •   New Zealand – Prime Minister John Key congratulated Modi by letter. Key expressed hope that the two countries would be able to negotiate a free trade agreement, which they began discussing in 2010. However, talks later stalled and the last round of discussions was held in July 2013. The Prime Minister stated, "We are sort of hopeful we can reignite the free trade agreement with Modi as the new Prime Minister. He has obviously been very pro-business and he has had an overwhelming mandate delivered to him so you can see the Indian people want and expect to see high levels of economic growth. One of those things is trade, so we are certainly going to be taking it up with the new Indian Government at the appropriate time."[333][334]
  •   Norway – Prime Minister Erna Solberg called Modi and congratulated him on his victory.[311]
  •   Pakistan – Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif congratulated Modi and offered good wishes on the BJP's "impressive victory". Sharif also invited Modi to visit Pakistan.[312]
  •   Qatar – Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa al-Thani congratulated Modi on his party's victory in the general election in a telephone conversation.[312][335]
  •   Russia – President Vladimir Putin congratulated Modi and the BJP on the election victory gave a high assessment of the traditionally friendly ties between Russia and India. These ties have a foundation in the Declaration on Strategic Partnership, which was signed while the BJP was in power and set a development course for bilateral relations for years to come.[336]
  •   Singapore – Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter and Facebook, and also stated that he was "looking forward to working with the new Indian Government to strengthen India-Singapore relations". Modi replied to the tweet stating, "@leehsienloong Thank you very much. Singapore is a valued friend & I am sure we will make our ties stronger in the times to come".[337][338][339] Former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong wrote, "I recall our meetings and frank exchange of views since 2006 when I visited Gujarat. You have always shown a strong resolve to bring economic prosperity to the Indian people.... I am confident that you will lead India to greater heights as Prime Minister, and further build on the excellent ties between our two countries."[315]
  •   South Africa – President Jacob Zuma said in a statement on 17 May, "With India under the leadership of Mr Modi, the Government of South Africa looks forward to consolidating the strong bilateral political and economic relations that exist between our two sister Republics."[340][341][342]
  •   Spain – President Mariano Rajoy sent a letter congratulating Modi on his "brilliant victory" in the election. Rajoy expressed his admiration for the "democratic spirit that reigned over such a complex election process". The President concluded his letter stating that he was looking forward to meeting Modi in person and offered his "warmest regards and deepest personal respect".[343][344][345]
  •   Sri Lanka – President Mahinda Rajapaksa called Modi and congratulated him for a "great" victory.[311] The President tweeted, "Called @narendramodi a short while ago; Congratulated on BJP victory & invited for a state visit to #SriLanka"[312]
  •   Tibet – Tibetan Prime Minister-in-exile Lobsang Sangay thanked the UPA government "or their unwavering support for the Tibetan people during its two full terms", and also congratulated the BJP-led NDA for their victory.[346][347]
  •   United Kingdom – Prime Minister David Cameron called Modi and congratulated him on the "election success" and stated that he was keen on working together,[312] one of the first Western leaders to do.[348] A spokesperson stated, "The prime minister called Narendra Modi this morning to congratulate him on his victory in the Indian elections and the record turnout, making this the biggest democratic election in history. Modi said he would be delighted to accept the Prime Minister's invitation to visit the UK. Both leaders agreed on the importance of the UK-India relationship and agreed to work together to strengthen it in the months ahead." Cameron also tweeted using his official account, "Congratulations @narendramodi on victory in India's elections. Keen to work together to get the most from UK-India relationship". British Foreign Minister William Hague stated, "I congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on their success and look forward to forging an even closer partnership with India in the months ahead. UK has strong ties with India and the British government looks forward to working with the new Indian government to build on this relationship and deliver security, growth and prosperity for both our nations."[310]
  •   United States – White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said, "We congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on winning a majority of seats in this historic election. Once the government is formed, we look forward to working closely with the prime minister and the Cabinet to advance our strong bilateral relationship based on shared democratic values. The prime minister of India will be welcomed to the US."[312] The White House National Security Council tweeted, "US congratulates BJP on its victory in India's historic election. We look forward to working with government once formed to advance our partnership".[309][311] Secretary of State John Kerry tweeted, "Congrats to @narendramodi and BJP. Look forward to working w/you/growing shared prosperity/security w/world's largest democracy".[311]

Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support. The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets, and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him. The New York Times observed that "the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission, later rectified, was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves." The paper further stated, "The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come. The United States refused to issue Mr. Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. As Mr. Modi's star rose in the past year, American leaders reached out, but a thaw on Mr. Modi's side has been almost imperceptible."[348][349] State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said, "I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we won't worry about the Twitter rank order".[350] John Kerry reiterated the United States' willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India-US relations on 20 May. He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and "echo President Obama's invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity." The Times of India noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron. The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US-led diplomatic boycott of Modi.[351] Mint stated that Modi's "more expansive responses" were to the leaders of Japan and Russia. According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh, "It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders, proudly nationalistic, trying to fix the economy with firm measures."[352]

International media

Prior to the announcement of the result, The Washington Post highlighted "...2014 will be the biggest year in the history of democracy, with more people than ever before going to the polls to decide their own fate...this really looks to be one of the most fascinating political events this year, and not just because of its scale...It's a fascinating moment in democracy, and one that shouldn't be ignored".[108] The New York Times added that "the sheer size of the electorate makes this election the largest ever in the world and an inspiring celebration of universal adult suffrage," but also wrote "lurking behind the feel-good spectacle is the reality that India's elections are awash in illegal cash, serious violence and dirty tricks."[353] Bloomberg Businessweek wrote of the election that the "process is awesome in its complexity, and the campaigns have given rise to robust debate...But here's something else not to miss: It's all pretty damn colorful." It highlighted five reasons that make the election interesting: Kejriwal's effect, Modi's wife; exit polls are barred but betting on the future prime minister was not and Modi was in the lead; "vote buying" through cash, alcohol or other means; and 3D campaigning.[354] It also predicted better relations with Japan at the expense of relations with China under Modi,[355] and asked whether a redefinition of India's nuclear weapons program would result from the elections.[356]

An editorial in the China Daily, the Chinese government's official English-language newspaper, compared Modi's "preoccupation with development" with China's "own experiences and development philosophy", and argued that this had "inspired unprecedented optimism here over our South Asian neighbour's growth potential". The paper also argued that "western rhetoric" which stated that both countries were "destined to stand against each other" had been proven wrong by the fact that India and China had "by and large, managed their differences well over the decades". It also welcomed Modi's invitation to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to attend his swearing-in ceremony.[357]

Individuals and organisations

The 14th Dalai Lama sent a letter congratulating Modi for the BJP's "decisive victory". The Dalai Lama expressed hope that just as Modi had brought development and prosperity to Gujarat, India would continue to "flourish and prosper" under his leadership.[358][359][360][361]

The American Jewish Committee (AJC) congratulated Narendra Modi, and expressed hope that his leadership would further strengthen India's relations with the US and Israel. Director of AJC's Asia Pacific Institute (API) Shira Loewenberg stated, "We look forward to working with Modi and the new government to further strengthen and deepen India's extensive relations with the United States and Israel. BJP has long been a friend to Israel and the Jewish people."[362][363]

Aftermath edit

Government formation edit

Manmohan Singh tendered his resignation to President Pranab Mukherjee on 17 May. He continued as caretaker Prime Minister, at the request of the President, until 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office.[364]

Support for the new government edit

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit

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2014, indian, general, election, general, elections, were, held, india, nine, phases, from, april, 2014, elect, members, 16th, sabha, with, million, registered, voters, they, were, largest, ever, elections, world, until, being, surpassed, 2019, elections, arou. General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha 1 With 834 million registered voters they were the largest ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the 2019 elections Around 23 1 million or 2 7 of the total eligible voters were aged 18 19 years 2 A total of 8 251 candidates contested the 543 elected Lok Sabha seats 3 The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66 40 the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections 3 2014 Indian general election 2009 7 April 2014 2014 04 07 12 May 2014 2014 05 12 2019 543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha272 seats needed for a majorityOpinion pollsRegistered834 082 814Turnout66 44 8 23pp First party Second party Leader Narendra Modi Rahul GandhiParty BJP INCAlliance NDA UPALast election 18 80 116 seats 28 55 206 seatsSeats won 282 44Seat change 166 162Popular vote 171 660 230 106 935 942Percentage 31 00 19 31 Swing 12 20pp 9 24ppAlliance seats 336 59Results by constituencyPrime Minister before electionManmohan SinghINC Prime Minister after election Narendra ModiBJPThe results were declared on 16 May 15 days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014 4 The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres 3 The Bharatiya Janata Party BJP received 31 of the vote and won 282 seats while its National Democratic Alliance won a total of 336 seats The BJP s vote share was the lowest by a party winning a majority of seats since independence 5 The BJP won 31 0 votes while NDA s combined vote share was 38 5 However the governing coalition had the largest majority since the 1984 elections and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties 6 7 8 In contrast the result was the worst ever performance by the Indian National Congress INC which had ruled India for most of its post independence history The INC received 19 3 of the vote and won only 44 seats with its wider alliance the United Progressive Alliance winning a total of just 59 9 10 11 In order to become the official opposition party in India a party must have 55 seats as a result there was no official opposition party 12 13 Contents 1 Background 2 Organisation 2 1 Spending limit 2 2 Accessibility 2 3 Election dates 3 Campaign 3 1 Issues 3 1 1 Economy 3 1 2 Price rise 3 1 3 Corruption 3 2 Celebrity candidates 4 Parties and alliances 4 1 National Democratic Alliance 4 1 1 Bharatiya Janata Party 4 1 2 Others 4 2 United Progressive Alliance 4 2 1 Indian National Congress 4 2 2 Others 4 3 Left parties 4 4 Other parties 5 Surveys and polls 5 1 Opinion polls 5 2 Exit polls 6 Controversies 7 Voting 7 1 Turnout 7 2 Re polls 7 3 Voting pattern 8 Results 8 1 By region 8 2 By alliance 8 3 By state 9 Reactions 9 1 Domestic 9 2 International 10 Aftermath 10 1 Government formation 10 2 Support for the new government 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External linksBackground editAs per the requirements of the Indian Constitution elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the president The previous election to the 15th Lok Sabha was conducted in April May 2009 and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014 The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the Election Commission of India ECI and was held in multiple phases to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns Since the last general election in 2009 the anti corruption movement by Anna Hazare and other similar moves by Baba Ramdev and Arvind Kejriwal founder of Aam Aadmi Party gathered momentum and political interest 14 Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party Aam Aadmi Party in November 2012 The 2012 presidential election resulted in Pranab Mukherjee of Indian National Congress becoming the president Andhra politics was further shaken following the death of its chief minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy His son Y S Jaganmohan Reddy then broke from the INC and founded the YSR Congress Party taking several politicians with him The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill 2013 in tackling corruption and the creation of Telangana 15 Organisation edit nbsp Election dates of Indian general election 2014Spending limit edit The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to 7 million US 88 000 in bigger states and to 5 4 million US 68 000 in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi 16 This revision of the ceiling on the elections were attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as the increase in the cost inflation index Accessibility edit Satyendra Singh a doctor with a disability 17 showed the lack of preparedness by the Election Commission of India ECI towards electors with disabilities through the Right to Information Act 18 The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled along with him Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up a registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements 19 Election dates edit The Chief Election Commissioner of India CEC V S Sampath announced the polling schedule on 5 March Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May and the results of the election were announced on 16 May 20 21 Simultaneous elections were held for the Vidhan Sabha of Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Odisha Telangana and Sikkim 22 Campaign editMain article Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election Issues edit Important issues during the campaign included high inflation lack of jobs economic slow down corruption security and terrorism religious division and communalism and infrastructure such as roads electricity and water 23 24 25 In a survey by Zee News inflation was indicated to be the main issue in the election 26 Economy edit Bloomberg highlighted India s slowing economy amidst a record high current account deficit and a falling rupee in summer 2013 It pointed out a lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy 27 The economy was the main issue in the campaign 28 The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country 29 30 Modi also brought up the issue of farmer suicides that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops 31 Former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a habit that he will get a strong economy and he will ruin it before he leaves Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler as someone who specialises in sub five per cent growth rate for his hubris arrogance 32 Price rise edit The price of onions a staple in Indian cuisine faced a dramatic increase 33 In the lead up to the election consumer price inflation increased more than expected while paradoxically industrial production fell by more than expected causing a dilemma amid slowing growth 34 The price of salt was also indicative of general food inflation 35 Corruption edit See also List of scandals in India During the UPA 2 government a number of scams came to public attention deteriorating the image of the government among the common man citation needed These scams included coal scam 2G spectrum case AgustaWestland Chopper scam and CWG scam citation needed Celebrity candidates edit Celebrity candidates from non political spheres were nominated in the election These included Raj Babbar INC Bhaichung Bhutia AITC Biswajit Chatterjee AITC Sandhya Roy AITC Smriti Irani BJP Jaaved Jaaferi AAP Prakash Jha JD U Mohammad Kaif INC Kamaal Rashid Khan SP Vinod Khanna BJP Ravi Kishan INC Kirron Kher BJP Bappi Lahiri BJP Hema Malini BJP Mahesh Manjrekar MNS Bhagwant Mann AAP Nandan Nilekani INC Gul Panag AAP Jaya Prada RLD Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore BJP Paresh Rawal BJP Rakhi Sawant RAP Indranil Sen AITC Moon Moon Sen AITC Vijay Kumar Singh BJP Shatrughan Sinha BJP P C Sorcar Jr BJP Babul Supriyo BJP Manoj Tiwari BJP Innocent Vincent LDF IND Nagma INC Dev AITC and Siddhanta Mahapatra BJD 36 37 38 39 Parties and alliances editNational Democratic Alliance edit See also List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the Indian general election 2014 The constituents of the National Democratic Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 336 seats in this election This has propelled it to form the government in the country 40 41 42 43 44 Party SeatsContested WonBharatiya Janata Party 427 282Telugu Desam Party 30 16Shiv Sena 20 18Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam 14 0Shiromani Akali Dal 10 4Pattali Makkal Katchi 8 1Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 7 0Lok Janshakti Party 7 6Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 3 3Apna Dal 2 2Haryana Janhit Congress BL 2 0Swabhimani Paksha 2 1Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi 1 0Puthiya Needhi Katchi 1 0Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 1 0All India N R Congress 1 1Republican Party of India A 1 0Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 1 0Revolutionary Socialist Party Bolshevik 1 0Kerala Congress Nationalist 1 0National People s Party 1 1Naga People s Front 1 1Mizo National Front 1 0National Democratic Alliance 543 336Bharatiya Janata Party edit OrganisationGujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was chosen to lead the Bharatiya Janata Party s campaign after a party conclave in Goa 45 46 This came amid controversy as L K Advani opposed the decision and resigned from his party posts only to later rescind his resignation 47 Murli Manohar Joshi and Sushma Swaraj were part of the team for the campaign Rajnath Singh Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were the mentors for the BJP s campaign 48 A 12 member committee led by Modi was appointed at the Goa conclave which included M Venkaiah Naidu Nitin Gadkari Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar 48 Key leader s constituenciesModi contested the election from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh 49 and Vadodara in Gujarat 50 In Varanasi the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP s minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning 51 Advani wanted to contest from Bhopal but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat Gandhinagar 52 He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to the Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election 53 Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat according to Rajnath Singh 54 Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time having previously been a Rajya Sabha member 55 from Amritsar against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh 56 The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar Navjot Singh Sidhu was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency Yet he said that as Jaitley was his guru he would accept the decision but would not run from any other constituency The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and party President Sukhbir Singh Badal as well as other BJP personnel 57 Jaswant Singh was denied nomination from Barmer constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent 58 Campaign and IssuesMain article Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for Indian general election 2014 The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014 The party promised to set up a Price Stabilization Fund and to evolve a single National Agriculture Market to check price rise and go for e Governance policy driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption It wanted to encourage labour intensive manufacturing focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture the upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self employment opportunities for job creation Harnessing satellite technology setting up National Optical Fibre Network up to the village level Diamond Quadrilateral project of High Speed Train network were among several other things that the party promised 59 The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA s one rank one pension scheme as an election stunt according to the convenor of the BJP s ex servicemen cell Brigadier Retired Lal Chand Jaswal The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi s announcement at an ex servicemen s rally at Rewari on 15 September 2013 and at Sujanpur on 17 February 60 Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan despite his indictment in the Adarsh Housing Society scam in Mumbai 61 He further criticised Gandhi s comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in Bijapur 62 At a rally in Gurgaon Haryana part of the wider National Capital Region Modi said People gave ruling Congress 60 years I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India and alleged that the INC was protecting Robert Vadra the son in law of Sonia Gandhi after he was said to have sold farmers land and made money Robert Vadra s empty bank account was credited with 8 30m Rs 500 million in just three months BJP wants answers 63 He also criticised the INC s Nandan Nilekani as he had squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity Aadhaar to millions of people which even the Supreme Court questioned as it did not address the security concerns 64 Amongst the social media individuals came up with satirical takes on sports movies in Hindi and English and songs amongst other things in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on Aab ki baar Modi sarkar This time we will have a Modi government 65 Modi was noted for focusing in his rallies across the country on the 23 million first time come of age voters 66 By the last day of campaigning on 10 May Narendra Modi had undertaken the largest mass outreach in India s electoral history by travelling about 300 000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP 67 In regards to foreign relations of India Modi in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh a state which borders China with a history of border disputes swore to protect the country 68 and criticised Chinese expansionism 69 He also highlighted the importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad 70 Others edit Lok Janshakti PartyLok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar s constituencies 71 He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party RLSP on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP LJP and RLSP won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD U After the election results Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats 72 Desiya Murpokku Dravida KazhagamDesiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam DMDK led by Tamil film actor Vijayakanth joined the NDA on 26 February 73 Lok Satta PartyOn 10 April while campaigning in Telangana Jayaprakash Narayan of the Lok Satta Party stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto they had decided to support the NDA in the national interest 74 On the other hand Dr Jayaprakash Narayan contested from the Malkajgiri Malkajgiri had 2 953 915 eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters 75 Shiv Sena Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj PakshaThe Swabhimani Paksha SWP a political party of Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana SSS joined the Shiv Sena BJP Republican Party of India A alliance in February The SSS which represents the interests of farmers in western Maharashtra was offered two seats Madha in Solapur where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits and Hathkanangale the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by the Shiv Sena and BJP who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS 76 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha also joined the alliance in January 77 In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra RSP was also in the alliance 78 Shiromani Akali DalShiromani Akali Dal contested 10 out of 13 seats in Punjab United Progressive Alliance edit Further information List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the Indian general election 2014 The constituents of the United Progressive Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history Party SeatsContested WonIndian National Congress 79 464 44Rashtriya Janata Dal 80 81 28 4Nationalist Congress Party 82 83 23 6Rashtriya Lok Dal 84 8 0Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 85 86 4 2Jammu amp Kashmir National Conference 87 3 0Mahan Dal 84 3 0Indian Union Muslim League 88 2 2Socialist Janata 88 1 0Kerala Congress M 88 1 1Bodoland People s Front 89 1 0United Progressive Alliance 538 59In March the INC RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar 90 The INC contested 12 seats NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD being a regional party would seek the rest of 27 seats Indian National Congress edit The Indian National Congress had announced on the fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi and general secretary Rahul Gandhi 91 Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six member committee to formulate and implement alliances the party manifesto and general publicity for the election 92 In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for the general election the INC sought to fast track a decision on separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh create a coalition government with the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand sought to take credit for the Food Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill 93 Prime Minister candidateIncumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality 94 Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was ready to take charge of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that My focus for India is a long term vision where all Indians are treated with equality respect and are given equal opportunities 95 At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one This was criticised by the BJP Gandhi would instead lead the party s campaign 96 He also called the election a turning point 97 Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a lot of determination she added that the election would be a battle for India Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point Opposition s way is to spread disharmony There s a face hidden behind the mask of compassion 98 Rahul GandhiIn January in an interview Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the 1984 anti Sikh riots and further stated that Modi s government was responsible for pushing the 2002 riots while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots 99 Fellow UPA member Praful Patel said that the 2002 matter should be put to rest 100 As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party s candidates the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month Similarly the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates 101 On 8 March its list of 194 candidates was announced including 35 of candidates that were below the age of 50 years 102 The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi s seat of Amethi Lok Sabha constituency amidst an unusual challenge by his high profile competitor the BJP s Smriti Irani It even led to his mother Sonia campaigning there for the first time in 10 years 103 Opinion pollsThe INC dismissed the opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan 104 In its manifesto the party promised inclusive growth and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled 105 Manmohan Singh Sonia and Rahul Gandhi s INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha 106 and on 20 April in Maharashtra prior to the third phase 107 Rahul Gandhi claimed in a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would divide the nation into pieces and make people fight against each other 108 MediaDuring the election former prime ministerial aide Sanjaya Baru published The Accidental Prime Minister The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government in having to compete with the dynastic INC leader Sonia Gandhi for influence within his own cabinet Singh s office retorted in saying it is smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser 109 After Baru said it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister Priyanka Vadra replied I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM 110 Others edit Jammu amp Kashmir National ConferenceMinister for New and Renewable Energy and Jammu amp Kashmir National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah controversially told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India I say it publicly Kashmiris will not accept a communal person He added before going to a scheduled rally in Magam that those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea 111 Nationalist Congress PartyNationalist Congress Party NCP was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar Goa Gujarat Jharkhand and Maharashtra 81 112 113 Rashtriya Janata DalRashtriya Janata Dal leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of the BJP s ruling chances that Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power In relation to the INC s Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a good man 114 Jharkhand Mukti MorchaJharkhand Mukti Morcha JMM contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in Jharkhand 115 JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each respectively JMM leader Shibu Soren will run from Dumka while the other three party s seats could come from Rajmahal Giridih and the purpose built city of Jamshedpur 116 Left parties edit Further information List of Communist Party of India Marxist candidates in the Indian general election 2014 Communist Party of India Marxist and Communist Party of IndiaThe Communist Party of India Marxist declared their campaign slogan as Reject Congress Defeat BJP 117 On 3 April the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates 118 In West Bengal CPI M contested as part of the Left Front 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from the CPI M while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time 119 In Kerala the CPI M contested as a constituent of the Left Democratic Front In the list of the 15 CPI M candidates in Kerala released in mid March four were incumbent Lok Sabha members and five others were independents clarification needed 120 121 The Kollam seat was allocated to M A Baby after the RSP left the LDF and joined the United Democratic Front 122 In Assam Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jharkhand Karnataka Odisha and Tamil Nadu the CPI M made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties which 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 In Andhra Pradesh however no agreement could be reached between the CPI M and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue CPI M opposed bifurcation while the CPI supported creating Telangana 130 In Telangana region CPI contested one seat in alliance with Indian National Congress 131 while CPI M contested two seats Other parties edit Aam Aadmi PartyThe Aam Aadmi Party AAP formed in 2012 contested 432 seats and won 4 seats 132 The party s manifesto focused on anti corruption measures 133 Earlier in 2013 the party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections After forming a short lived minority government in Delhi AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties 134 However the party lost deposits on 413 seats 132 surpassing the record of Doordarshi Party which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991 135 AAP s leader Arvind Kejriwal unsuccessfully contested against the BJP s prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from Varanasi 136 Its spokesperson Prashant Bhushan argued that AAP s national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984 137 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamThe All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own 138 Party General Secretary J Jayalalithaa told a March rally that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers In saying so she criticised the UPA s governance including its economic diplomatic and defence policies adding that the modernization of the armed forces was hindered by the steady curtailment of its funding 139 The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections All India Forward BlocFurther information List of All India Forward Bloc candidates in the Indian general election 2014 On 21 March the All India Forward Bloc released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal Maharashtra Assam Uttar Pradesh Bihar Haryana Jharkhand Andaman and Nicobar Islands Odisha Rajasthan Karnataka and Delhi According to the party s Secretary Debabrata Biswas the main objective of the party was to strengthen and unite the Left democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country 140 141 In West Bengal the party contested the election as part of the Left Front 119 To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009 the party decided to field incumbent MP Narahari Mahato in the Purulia seat and a new candidate in the Cooch Behar seat 140 Bahujan Samaj PartyOn 19 March Bahujan Samaj Party BSP leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties 142 The party secured the third highest vote share in the Country and yet did not win a single seat 143 Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist LiberationAt a press conference held on 10 March General Secretary of the party Dipankar Bhattacharya said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Tamil Nadu Karnataka Rajasthan Punjab Jharkhand and Puducherry 144 Dravida Munnetra KazhagamDravida Munnetra Kazhagam DMK opted not to join an UPA pre poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance DPA with local parties like VCK MMK IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam DMK was not able to secure even a single seat throughout the country Janata Dal United The media speculated that Modi still had a chance of gaining in Bihar at the expense of Nitish Kumar s Janata Dal Whilst the BJP were in coalition with JD U Modi was not allowed to speak at rallies in the party by mutual understanding and was only allowed for special events such as a funeral or party conclave even Modi s flood relief aid to Bihar was termed communal Bihar was seen as test case for Modi s popularity if the BJP could increase its tally at the expense of the JD U There was also speculation that Lalu Prasad Yadav could make a relative comeback after the 2010 provincial election if he is not convicted over the fodder scam It also suggested that this would be an eager race as it could determine if Kumar s decision to leave the NDA in June 2013 was prudent and if he has any national political scope left while for Modi it would give crucial seats to the BJP and be able to attract potential allies as Bihar is largely based on caste politics 145 146 In January 2014 Kumar referred to Gandhi s stand against corruption as a farce after hearing of a meeting between Gandhi and RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav despite Yadav being out on bail after being convicted in the fodder scam He termed their alliance as natural and stated that them coming together was no surprise 147 All India Majlis e Ittehadul MuslimeenAsaduddin Owaisi announced 5 candidates from the All India Majlis e Ittehad ul Muslimeen AIMIM participated in various parliamentary constituencies of Telangana State Asaduddin Owaisi Hyderabad Narla Mohan Rao Secunderabad Divakar Dharanikota Sudhakar Malkajgiri P V N Reddy Nandyal Andhra Pradesh from 2014 onwards Guahati Mothilal Bhongir Maharashtra Navnirman SenaThe Raj Thackeray led Maharashtra Navnirman Sena MNS announced its first list of seven candidates Six of them contested against candidates of Shiv Sena The party however also supported Modi s prime ministerial candidature The move read as an implicit acceptance of the BJP s Nitin Gadkari s call not to contest against the NDA and to support its own candidates 148 Nav Bharat Democratic PartyNav Bharat Democratic stepped into the political arena with 9 candidates spread across Uttar Pradesh and Punjab The party was established by RK Misra 149 Samajwadi PartySamajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav claimed that the Third Front government will be formed in the center with the help of his party 150 To counter the Modi effect on other constituencies near Varanasi Yadav decided to contest from Azamgarh and Mainpuri 151 The party decided not to field any candidates against the INC s Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi from Rai Bariely and Amethi respectively in response to the INC s decision not to field any candidates against Mulayam Singh Yadav and Dimple Yadav from Mainpuri and Kannauj respectively 152 Sikkim Democratic FrontOn 10 March the Sikkim Democratic Front declared that its incumbent MP Prem Das Rai would run for re election The party also released a list of 32 candidates for the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election that will be held simultaneously with the election 153 All India Trinamool CongressAll India Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties BJP and INC 154 Banerjee told a rally in Cooch Behar district near the international border with Bangladesh that she would take up the issue of the border enclaves upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas She further noted that she had opposed the central government s agreement in 2011 over the Teesta treaty of water sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability 155 YSR Congress PartyY S Jaganmohan Reddy s YSR Congress Party fielded candidates across Andhra Pradesh Rayalaseema amp Coastal Andhra and some districts of Telangana 156 The party fielded several bureaucrats businessmen and relatives of politicians for Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh Rayalaseema amp Coastal Andhra including D Kishore Rao the former secretary of the Gujarat Human Rights Commission 157 In a statement in March Reddy stated that he would ally himself with whoever would win the election 156 Surveys and polls editOpinion polls edit Main article Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election Opinion polls generally showed the National Democratic Alliance NDA to be the front runner in the election with the emergence of Bhartiya Janta Party BJP as the single largest party When conducted Ref Polling organisation agency Sample sizeUPA NDA LF OtherJan Mar 2013 158 Times Now CVoter No sample size provided 128 184 Apr May 2013 159 Headlines Today CVoter 120 000 209 without Modi 155 with Modi 179 without Modi 220 with Modi May 2013 160 ABP News Nielsen 33 408 136 206 Jul 2013 161 The Week Hansa Research No sample size provided 184 197 162Jul 2013 162 CNN IBN and The Hindu by CSDS 19 062 163 149 157 172 180 208 224Jul 2013 164 Times Now India Today CVoter 36 914 134 INC 119 156 BJP 131 Aug Oct 2013 165 Times Now India TV CVoter 24 284 117 INC 102 186 BJP 162 240Dec 2013 Jan 2014 166 India Today CVoter 21 792 103 INC 91 212 BJP 188 228Dec 2013 Jan 2014 167 ABP News Nielsen 64 006 168 101 INC 81 226 BJP 210 216Jan 2014 169 CNN IBN Lokniti CSDS 18 591 170 107 127 INC 92 108 211 231 BJP 192 210 205Jan Feb 2014 171 Times Now India TV CVoter 14 000 172 101 INC 89 227 BJP 202 215Feb 2014 168 ABP News Nielsen 29 000 92 236 29 186Feb 2014 173 CNN IBN Lokniti CSDS 29 000 119 139 INC 94 110 212 232 BJP 193 213 105 193March 2014 174 NDTV Hansa Research 46 571 128 230 55 130March 2014 175 CNN IBN Lokniti CSDS 20 957 111 123 234 246 174 198April 2014 176 NDTV Hansa Research 24 000 177 111 INC 92 275 BJP 226 157Exit polls edit The Election Commission of India banned the publication of all exit polls starting 48 hours before Phase 1 of the election until the end of Phase 9 This was intended to prevent exit polls from earlier phases affecting voter decisions in later phases The ban ended after the close of Phase 9 voting at 6 30pm IST on 12 May 2014 178 When conducted Ref Polling organisation agency ConstituenciespolledUPA NDA LF OtherApril May 2014 post poll 179 CNN IBN Lokniti CSDS 287 180 92 102 INC 72 82 270 282 BJP 230 242 125 171April May 2014 exit post poll 181 India Today Cicero 543 182 110 120 261 283 150 162April May 2014 exit post poll 181 183 News 24 Today s Chanakya 479 184 61 79 INC 48 66 326 354 BJP 277 305 122 144Publish Date Ref Polling OrganisationNDA UPA Other12 May 2014 181 CNN IBN CSDS Lokniti 276 97 148 181 182 India Today Cicero 272 115 156 181 183 News 24 Chanakya 340 70 133 181 Times Now ORG 249 148 146 181 185 ABP News Nielsen 274 97 165 181 India TV CVoter 289 101 14814 May 2014 186 187 NDTV Hansa Research 279 103 161 188 CNN IBN CSDS 280 97 14812 May 2014 181 Poll of Polls 283 105 149Controversies editFurther information Campaigning in the Indian general election 2014 Controversies During the course of the campaign several controversies arose with parties being accused by one another and the Election Commission of India of violating Election Commission of India s Model Code of Conduct that is in force during the election In the run up to the election the media in India was criticised for its establishment ties between family owners and political parties It caused self censorship and editorial dismissals at certain media outlets 189 India Today temporarily suspended its CVoter opinion poll in late February after a News Express sting operation suggesting Polling Agencies like Ipsos and CVoter fudged the numbers to show BJP candidate Narendra Modi in the lead 190 Voting editIn total there were 1 4 million electronic voting machines in 930 000 voting centres The voter verified paper audit trail VVPAT system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip was introduced in 8 constituencies of Lucknow Gandhinagar Bangalore South Chennai Central Jadavpur Raipur Patna Sahib and Mizoram as a pilot project 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 Also Braille ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations The scale of the election required 1 1 million of civil servants and 5 5 million civilian employees to handle the election It was the first election that had the none of the above option and allowed Non Resident Indians to vote though only in India 108 Security was increased during the election particularly as the Communist Party of India Maoist CPI Maoist called for a boycott of the election 199 On 12 April even though there was no voting this day a vehicle in Chhattisgarh hit a CPI Maoist landmine resulting in the deaths of two bus drivers and five election officials with four more injured while travelling from Kutru to Bijapur in preparation for the fifth phase of voting On the same day within an hour they also ambushed a vehicle resulting in the deaths of five paramilitary soldiers in the Darbha forest 200 The election was the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country with the Election Commission of India estimating that the election did cost the exchequer 3500 crore US 577 million excluding the expenses incurred for security and by the individual political parties 201 Parties were expected to spend 30 500 crore US 5 billion in the election according to the Centre for Media Studies This was three times the amount spent in the previous election in 2009 and was then the world s second highest after the US 7 billion spent on the 2012 US presidential election 202 The election reportedly boosted the hospitality sector as according to ASSOCHAM tourist arrivals from the countries such as the US UK France Singapore and the U A E have gone up by 10 15 percent while the movement of domestic tourists jumped by 62 203 Turnout edit Based on data from Election Commission India 204 State UT Total Electors Total Voters Total Turnout Total seatsAndaman amp Nicobar Islands UT 269 360 190 328 70 66 1Andhra Pradesh 64 938 750 48 358 545 74 47 42Arunachal Pradesh 759 387 596 956 78 61 2Assam 18 885 274 15 085 883 79 88 14Bihar 63 761 796 35 885 366 56 28 40Chandigarh UT 615 214 453 455 73 71 1Chhattisgarh 17 623 049 12 255 579 69 54 11Dadra amp Nagar Haveli UT 196 617 165 286 84 06 1Daman amp Diu UT 111 827 87 233 78 01 1Goa 1 060 777 817 000 77 02 2Gujarat 40 603 104 25 824 003 63 60 26Haryana 16 097 749 11 495 150 71 41 10Himachal Pradesh 4 810 071 3 098 501 64 42 4Jammu amp Kashmir 7 202 163 3 566 863 49 52 6Jharkhand 20 326 743 12 982 940 63 87 14Karnataka 46 212 109 31 038 888 67 17 28Kerala 24 326 649 17 975 893 73 89 20Lakshadweep UT 49 922 43 239 86 61 1Madhya Pradesh 48 118 040 29 639 796 61 60 29Maharashtra 80 717 283 48 718 844 60 36 48Manipur 1 774 325 1 412 637 79 62 2Meghalaya 1 567 241 1 078 058 68 79 2Mizoram 702 170 433 201 61 69 1Nagaland 1 182 948 1 038 910 87 82 1NCT OF Delhi 12 711 236 8 271 766 65 07 7Orissa 29 196 041 21 532 275 73 75 21Puducherry UT 901 357 740 017 82 10 1Punjab 19 608 008 13 845 132 70 61 13Rajasthan 42 969 447 27 110 044 63 09 25Sikkim 370 611 308 967 83 37 1Tamil Nadu 55 114 505 40 620 440 73 70 39Tripura 2 388 819 2 023 859 84 72 2Uttar Pradesh 138 965 820 81 092 302 58 35 80Uttarakhand 7 129 939 4 391 890 61 66 5West Bengal 62 833 128 51 622 555 82 16 42India 834 082 814 554 175 255 66 44 543Phase 1 7 AprilTurnout was 75 in Assam and 84 in Tripura 205 Assam s INC Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi said that there is no Narendra Modi magic in Assam The Congress has been winning every form of elections since 2001 in Assam and we are going to repeat the performance this time Additionally the borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan were closed for security reasons 206 Phase 2 9 and 11 AprilThe turnouts were recorded at 82 5 in Nagaland 71 in Arunachal Pradesh 66 in Meghalaya and 70 in Manipur 207 208 Mizoram s voting was deferred to 11 April 209 where the turnout was 60 210 Phase 3 10 AprilAbout 110 million of people were eligible to vote for 91 seats The turnout was 76 in Kerala 64 in Delhi 55 98 in Madhya Pradesh 54 13 in Maharashtra 65 in Uttar Pradesh and 66 29 in Jammu 199 Kerala and Chandigarh set new voter turnout records A higher proportion of eligible electors voted in 2014 than in 2009 211 Phase 4 12 AprilVoter turnout set new records or were near record levels with 75 in Goa 75 in Assam 81 8 in Tripura and 80 97 212 in Sikkim including the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election 213 West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee nearly cancelled the polls in her region after initially refusing to changes to the appointments of civil service departments but was forced to constitutionally do so 214 Phase 5 17 AprilThe largest voting day involved nearly 200 million eligible voters 215 1 769 candidates for 121 seat The voting turnout in Uttar Pradesh was 62 West Bengal was 80 over 70 in Odisha 69 in Jammu and Kashmir 54 in Madhya Pradesh and 62 in Jharkhand 216 Manipur had 74 215 and Maharashtra had a 61 7 turnout 217 In Karnataka the average voting was up on 65 against 58 in the previous election though urban voters were lower 218 219 In Chhattisgarh the voter turnout was 63 44 compared to 57 6 in 2009 while Rajasthan recorded a 63 25 voter turnout compared to 48 09 in 2009 220 In Bihar s seven constituencies the turnout was 56 compared to 39 in 2009 221 In one of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir Udhampur the turnout of 70 was significantly higher than the 2009 figure of 45 222 Overall across India the turnout on the day was over 65 215 and nearly all constituencies had a higher voter turnout than 2009 222 Phase 6 24 AprilThe second largest voting day entailed 180 million eligible voters across 201 735 voting centres to elect 117 members of parliament from 2 098 candidates 223 Tamil Nadu set a new voter turnout record for Lok Sabha elections with 73 while West Bengal experienced the highest voter turnout for the day at 82 224 As compared to that urban centres such as Mumbai and Chennai saw lower voter turnouts but bettered their figures from previous years Mumbai witnessed a 53 turnout compared to 41 in 2009 225 The rural areas of Maharashtra saw over 60 turnout Madhya Pradesh had 64 Uttar Pradesh had over 60 Chhattisgarh had about 66 Assam had over 70 226 Bihar has about 60 Jharkhand had 63 4 Rajasthan had about 60 and Pudhucherry had about 82 223 227 One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir Anantnag had the lowest turnout of 28 after a boycott call by separatists 228 an attack on 22 April that killed three people 229 and with thousands of Kashmiri Pandits protesting in the afternoon that their names were missing from the electoral roll 230 As with previous phases the overall voter turnout for the day was higher than 2009 231 In both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan the turnout was about 9 higher while Uttar Pradesh saw a 13 increase 223 226 Phase 7 30 AprilThe 7th phase of voting entailed about 140 million eligible voters to elect 89 members of parliament from 1 295 candidates in 7 states and 2 Union Territories 232 Punjab set a new record in its voter turnout for general elections with 73 233 Gujarat saw the highest jump in voter turnout for the day with 62 turnout compared to 48 turnout in 2009 Lok Sabha elections The nine constituencies in West Bengal reported over 81 turnout 234 Uttar Pradesh witnessed 57 turnout compared to 48 in 2009 while Bihar saw 60 compared to 52 in 2009 232 One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir eligible to vote in this phase had the lowest turnout for the day at 26 compared to 25 55 in 2009 after a boycott call by separatists 235 Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh which will become India s new state on 2 June 2014 saw nearly 72 turnout to elect Lok Sabha members as well as its first state government 234 The aggregate turnout so far in the first 7 phases for 438 parliamentary seats has been 66 20 significantly more than 57 41 figure in 2009 general elections 233 Phase 8 7 MayThe 8th phase saw voting for 64 Lok Sabha seats in 7 states with 897 candidates competing 236 Along with the general elections polls were also held for the first Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh excluding Telangana region 237 The voter turnout was high with West Bengal Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh each setting their respective general election voter turnout records West Bengal recorded 81 polling compared to 78 for 2009 236 Andhra Pradesh recorded nearly 76 voter turnout 238 Himachal Pradesh saw about 66 turnout compared to 58 for 2009 239 Uttarakhand also set a new voter turnout record with 62 compared to 53 in 2009 240 The 2 constituencies of Jammu amp Kashmir that voted witnessed a 49 9 turnout 236 while constituencies of Bihar saw 58 compared to 45 in 2009 240 Uttar Pradesh experienced a 55 5 turnout compared to 43 4 in 2009 241 Phase 9 12 MayThe 9th and last phase of voting entailed over 90 million eligible voters to elect 41 members of parliament from 606 candidates in 3 states 242 The 6 seats in Bihar saw a voter turnout of 58 compared to 46 in 2009 242 Uttar Pradesh s 18 constituencies witnessed a 55 3 turnout compared to 46 6 in 2009 243 In West Bengal the 17 constituencies that voted saw a turnout of about 80 compared to 82 in 2009 243 The 2014 general elections according to the Election Commission of India recorded a cumulative total of 66 38 voter turnout or 551 3 million out of 814 million eligible people casting their vote according to provisional figures 244 The 2014 turnout surpassed India s previous highest voter turnout record of 64 in 1984 general elections 242 245 The voter turnout in 2009 general elections was 58 19 while 2004 general elections saw a voter turnout of 56 98 245 The 2014 general elections entailed 8 202 candidates competing for 543 seats 246 Re polls edit Many locations required re polling for various reasons There was re polling on 9 polling stations in Orissa on 25 April 247 248 The Election Commission ordered re polls in 52 polling booths 30 in Andhra Pradesh amp Telangana 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 11 in West Bengal because of complaints of booth capturing rigging violence or as demanded by the locals The re poll was held on 13 May In Uttar Pradesh re polls were held in 3 polling booths in Muzaffarnagar 7 in Ferozabad and 1 in Badaun 249 250 Re polling also occurred on 14 May in Arunachal Pradesh and on 15 May in the states of Nagaland and Haryana 251 252 253 254 The Left parties and BJP alleged mass rigging and booth capturing by Trinamool Congress at thousands of polling stations in West Bengal 255 256 257 258 AAP demanded re polling in 108 booths 252 259 Congress demanded re polling at 1 344 polling stations in Nagaland 260 Re polling was done in two polling stations in Tamil Nadu on 10 May and in 3 polling stations in Andhra Pradesh Rayalaseema amp Coastal Andhra on 13 May 261 262 263 264 In Bihar there was re polling on 2 polling stations of Sitamarhi on 11 May and 3 polling stations in Muzaffarnagar went to re polling on 13 May 264 265 266 267 On 15 May there was re polling in one booth in Tamil Nadu and at 5 booths in West Bengal Bihar Nagaland 251 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 It was reported that not a single voter turned up for a re poll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland on 15 May 275 276 On 12 May the Bombay High court declined to order supplementary polling for voters in Maharashtra whose names were missing from the electoral rolls There were speculated to be as many as 100 000 voters missing from the electoral roll in Pune and as many as 200 000 missing from electoral roll in Mumbai 277 278 279 280 281 Voting pattern edit The BJP secured 39 support from first time voters while Congress received 19 of the first time votes 2 The NDA won 39 of 74 seats where Muslim voters make up between 21 and 95 of the total electorate The BJP won all 16 seats in Uttar Pradesh It also secured 5 out of 9 such seats in Bihar Analyst Saeed Naqvi believes that Amit Shah managed to convince Dalits and OBC voters to elect the BJP as Muslim appeasers in an atmosphere of perpetual communal tension 282 The BJP won all 26 seats in Gujarat marking the first time a single party won all seats in the state The previous record was held by the Congress which won 25 of the 26 seats in the 1984 general election 283 The assembly segment wise result of Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh shows that the BJP was number one in 328 seats while the ruling SP led in just 42 Congress was ahead in 15 BSP 9 and Apna Dal 9 In 2012 SP had formed government by winning 224 assembly seats BSP had won 80 BJP 47 Congress 28 and Apna Dal one 284 Similarly in Maharashtra BJP Shiva Sena alliance has got a lead in 246 assembly segments out of the total 288 285 By securing seven of the 10 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana BJP remained ahead on 52 assembly segments in the state Its ally HJC could not win any of the Lok Sabha seats it contested but its candidates remained ahead in seven assembly segments BJP contested 8 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana leaving two constituencies for its alliance partner HJC BJP candidates remained ahead in all 27 assembly segments of Ambala Karnal and Faridabad parliamentary constituencies BJP won all seats except Rohtak where its candidate Om Prakash Dhankar lost to Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda s son and sitting MP Deepender Hooda 286 Results editMain articles Results of the 2014 Indian general election and List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha nbsp PartyVotes SeatsBharatiya Janata Party171 660 23031 00282Indian National Congress106 935 94219 3144Bahujan Samaj Party22 946 3464 140All India Trinamool Congress21 262 6653 8434Samajwadi Party18 673 0893 375All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam18 111 5793 2737Communist Party of India Marxist 17 988 9553 259Telugu Desam Party14 099 2302 5516YSR Congress Party13 995 4352 539Aam Aadmi Party11 325 3872 054Shiv Sena10 262 5441 8518Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam9 631 2461 740Biju Janata Dal9 489 9461 7120Nationalist Congress Party8 635 5581 566Rashtriya Janata Dal7 440 9371 344Telangana Rashtra Samithi6 736 2701 2211Janata Dal United 5 992 2811 082Communist Party of India4 327 4600 781Janata Dal Secular 3 731 4810 672Shiromani Akali Dal3 636 1480 664Indian National Lok Dal2 799 8990 512All India United Democratic Front2 333 0400 423Lok Jan Shakti Party2 295 9290 416Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam2 078 8430 380Pattali Makkal Katchi1 827 5660 331Revolutionary Socialist Party1 666 3800 301Jharkhand Mukti Morcha1 637 9940 302Jharkhand Vikas Morcha Prajatantrik 1 579 7720 290Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1 417 5350 260All India Forward Bloc1 211 4180 220Swabhimani Paksha1 105 0730 201Indian Union Muslim League1 100 0960 202Rashtriya Lok Samta Party1 078 4730 193Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Liberation1 007 2750 180Naga People s Front994 5050 181Apna Dal821 8200 152Bahujan Mukti Party791 9510 140Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party732 6440 133Maharashtra Navnirman Sena708 0100 130Haryana Janhit Congress BL 703 6980 130Rashtriya Lok Dal696 9180 130All India Majlis E Ittehadul Muslimeen685 7300 121Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi606 1100 110Asom Gana Parishad577 7300 100National Peoples Party576 4480 101Socialist Unity Centre of India Communist 520 9720 090Peace Party518 7240 090Peasants and Workers Party of India497 7210 090All Jharkhand Students Union488 7190 090Rashtriya Samaj Paksha458 5800 080Kerala Congress M 424 1940 081Jammu amp Kashmir National Conference396 7130 070Social Democratic Party of India396 5240 070Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh360 8540 070Quami Ekta Dal354 5770 060Bodoland People s Front330 1060 060Socialist Janata Democratic 307 5970 060Gondwana Ganatantra Party301 3660 050Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi293 6810 050Puthiya Tamilagam262 8120 050All India N R Congress255 8260 051Manithaneya Makkal Katchi236 6790 040Welfare Party of India228 6450 040Jai Bharat Samanta Party215 6070 040Republican Party of India Athawale 206 6890 040Jai Samaikyandhra Party204 2600 040Jharkhand Party203 8690 040Pyramid Party of India185 4780 030Ambedkarite Party of India185 0950 030Lok Satta Party165 6700 030Sikkim Democratic Front163 6980 031Aama Odisha Party155 9000 030National Unionist Zamindara Party124 9900 020Sikkim Krantikari Morcha121 9560 020Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party118 9470 020Communist Party of India Marxist Leninist Red Star114 3230 020Marxist Co ordination Committee110 1850 020Jharkhand Disom Party109 8430 020United Democratic Party106 8170 020385 other parties with fewer than 100 000 votes4 017 0810 730Independents16 737 7203 023None of the above6 002 9421 08 Nominated Anglo Indians2Total553 802 946100 00545Valid votes553 802 94699 93Invalid blank votes368 8730 07Total votes554 171 819100 00Registered voters turnout834 082 81466 44Source ECIAbout one third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them with some having serious criminal cases 287 A candidate with criminal case s had 13 chance of winning the election whereas a candidate with a clean record had only 5 chance of winning Here chance of winning No of winners in the category Total no of candidates in that category 288 Out of the 542 members analysed 443 82 have total assets of 1 crore US 130 000 or more In the 15th Lok Sabha out of 521 members analysed 300 58 members had assets of 1 crore US 130 000 or more 148 The average assets per member are 14 7 crore US 1 8 million in 2009 this figure was 5 35 crore US 670 000 By region edit Region Total Seats Bharatiya Janata Party Indian National Congress OthersSouth India 130 22 22 130 17 nbsp 2 19 19 130 15 nbsp 42 90 nbsp 40West India 78 53 53 78 68 nbsp 26 2 2 78 3 nbsp 27 23 nbsp 1North India 225 190 190 225 84 nbsp 127 8 8 225 4 nbsp 71 27 nbsp 56North East India 25 8 8 25 32 nbsp 4 8 8 25 32 nbsp 5 9 nbsp 1East India 63 3 3 63 5 nbsp 2 4 4 63 6 nbsp 8 56 nbsp 5Union Territories 22 6 6 22 27 nbsp 5 3 3 22 14 nbsp 9 0 nbsp Total 543 282 166 44 162 205 9Source Times of India 289 By alliance edit National Democratic Alliance 336 282 18 16 6 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1BJP SS TDP LJP SAD RLSP AD PMK SWP AINRC NPP NPFUnited Progressive Alliance 60 44 6 4 2 2 1 1INC NCP RJD IUML JMM KC M RSPOthers 147 37 34 20 11 2 3 4 3 2 2 5 1 1 9 3 1 9AIADMK AITC BJD TRS INLD AIUDF AAP J amp KPDP JD S JD U SP SDF AIMIM YSRCP IND CPI CPI M By state edit Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 1BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 47 8 3 59 1 0Indian National Congress 40 8 1 23 0 0Andhra Pradesh 25 2 15 8BJP TDP YSRCPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesTelugu Desam Party NDA 29 10 4 17 15 9YSR Congress Party 28 90 28 90 8 8Indian National Congress 11 5 27 45 0 19Bharatiya Janata Party NDA 8 50 2 2Arunachal Pradesh 2 1 1BJP INCParty Seats wonBharatiya Janata Party 1Indian National Congress 1Assam 14 7 3 3 1BJP INC AIUDF IND Party Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 36 50 19 29 7 3Indian National Congress 29 60 4 31 3 4All India United Democratic Front 14 80 2 30 3 2Asom Gana Parishad 3 80 8 81 0 1Independent politician 1 1Bihar 40 22 6 3 2 4 1 2BJP LJP RLSP JD U RJD NCP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party NDA 29 40 15 47 22 10Lok Janshakti Party NDA 6 40 6 6Rashtriya Janata Dal UPA 20 10 0 80 4 0Janata Dal United 15 80 8 24 2 18Rashtriya Lok Samata Party NDA 3 00 3 3Nationalist Congress Party 1 20 1 1Indian National Congress UPA 8 40 1 86 2 0Independent 0 2Chandigarh 1 1BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 42 20 19 46 1 1Indian National Congress 26 80 20 07 0 1Aam Aadmi Party 24 00 New 0 0Chhattisgarh 11 10 1BJP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 48 70 1 09 10 0Indian National Congress 38 40 13 67 1 0Dadra amp Nagar Haveli 1 1BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 48 90 2 47 1 0Indian National Congress 45 10 0 75 0 0Daman amp Diu 1 1BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 53 80 11 46 1 0Indian National Congress 43 30 14 29 0 0NCT of Delhi 7 7BJPNParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 46 40 7 7Indian National Congress 15 10 42 01 0 7Aam Aadmi Party 32 90 32 90 0 0Goa 2 2BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 53 40 8 62 2 1Indian National Congress 36 60 14 00 0 1Gujarat 26 26BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 59 10 12 59 26 11Indian National Congress 32 90 10 48 0 11Haryana 10 7 2 1BJP INLD INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 34 70 7 7Indian National Congress 22 90 18 87 1 8Indian National Lok Dal 24 40 2 2Himachal Pradesh 4 4BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 53 31 3 72 4 1Indian National Congress 40 70 4 91 0 1Jammu and Kashmir 6 3 3BJP JKPDPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 34 40 3 3Indian National Congress 22 90 1 77 0 2Jammu amp Kashmir People s Democratic Party 20 50 3 3Jammu amp Kashmir National Conference 11 10 8 00 0 3Independent 0 1Jharkhand 14 12 2BJP JMMParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 40 10 12 57 12 4Indian National Congress UPA 13 30 1 72 0 1Jharkhand Vikas Morcha 12 10 0 1Jharkhand Mukti Morcha UPA 9 30 2 4 2 0Independent 0 2Karnataka 28 17 2 9BJP JD S INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 43 00 1 37 17 2Indian National Congress 40 80 3 15 9 3Janata Dal Secular 11 00 2 57 2 1Kerala 20 8 2 1 1 5 1 2INC IUML KC M RSP CPI M CPI IND Party Vote share Change Seats won ChangesIndian National Congress 31 10 8 5Communist Party of India Marxist 21 60 5 1Communist Party of India 7 60 1 1Indian Union Muslim League 4 50 2 0Kerala Congress M 2 40 1 0Revolutionary Socialist Party 1 1Bharatiya Janata Party 10 30 0 0IND backed by Left Democratic Front 2 219 July 2018 Jose K Mani quit the lower house after being nominated to Rajya Sabha 1 Lakshadweep 1 1NCPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesNationalist Congress Party 50 10 3 79 1 1Indian National Congress 46 60 5 32 0 1Madhya Pradesh 29 27 2BJP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 55 00 10 55 27 10Indian National Congress 34 90 5 24 2 9Bahujan Samaj Party 3 8 2 05 0 1Maharashtra 48 23 18 1 4 2BJP Shiv Sena SWP NCP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party NDA 27 30 9 13 23 14Shiv Sena NDA 20 60 3 60 18 7Indian National Congress UPA 18 10 1 51 2 15Nationalist Congress Party UPA 16 00 3 28 4 4Swabhimani Paksha NDA 2 30 1 0Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi 0 1Independent 0 1Manipur 2 2INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 11 90 0 0Indian National Congress 41 70 1 26 2 0Naga People s Front 19 90 0 0Communist Party of India 14 00 0 0Meghalaya 2 1 1NPP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party NDA 8 90 0 0Indian National Congress UPA 37 90 6 94 1 0National People s Party NDA 22 20 22 20 1 1Nationalist Congress Party UPA 18 78 0 1Mizoram 1 1INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesIndian National Congress 48 60 16 98 1 0Nagaland 1 1NPFParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesNaga People s Front NDA 68 70 1 26 1 0Indian National Congress 30 10 0Odisha 21 20 1BJD BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBiju Janata Dal 44 10 6 87 20 6Bharatiya Janata Party 21 50 1 1Indian National Congress 26 00 6 75 0 6Communist Party of India 0 3 2 27 0 1Puducherry 1 1All India N R CongressParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesAll India N R Congress NDA 34 60 34 60 1 1Indian National Congress 26 3 23 16 0 1All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 17 93 17 93 0 0Punjab 13 2 4 4 3BJP SAD AAP INCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesIndian National Congress 33 10 12 13 3 5Shiromani Akali Dal 20 30 13 55 4 0Bharatiya Janata Party 8 70 1 36 2 1Aam Aadmi Party 30 40 30 40 4 4Rajasthan 25 25BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 50 90 7 71 25 21Indian National Congress 30 40 16 79 0 20Sikkim 1 1SDFParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesSikkim Democratic Front 53 00 13 30 1 0Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 39 50 39 50 0 0Bharatiya Janata Party 2 40 0 59 0 0Indian National Congress 2 30 27 26 0 0Tamil Nadu 39 37 1 1AIADMK PMK BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 44 30 21 42 37 28Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 23 60 1 49 0 18Bharatiya Janata Party 5 50 1 1Pattali Makkal Katchi 4 40 1 1Telangana 17 11 2 1 1 1 1TRS INC BJP TDP YSRCP AIMIMParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesTelangana Rashtra Samithi 33 90 7 76 11 9Indian National Congress 20 5 27 45 2 10Bharatiya Janata Party 8 50 1 1Telugu Desam Party 3 10 4 17 1 1YSR Congress Party 2 90 2 90 1 1All India Majlis e Ittehadul Muslimeen 1 40 0 53 1 0Tripura 2 2CPI M Party Vote share Change Seats won ChangesCommunist Party of India Marxist 64 00 2 31 2 0Indian National Congress 15 20 0 0Bharatiya Janata Party 5 70 0 0Uttar Pradesh 80 71 5 2 2BJP SP INC ADParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 42 30 24 80 71 61Samajwadi Party 22 20 1 06 5 22Bahujan Samaj Party 19 60 7 82 0 16Indian National Congress 7 50 10 75 2 19Apna Dal 1 00 2 2Uttarakhand 5 5BJPParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesBharatiya Janata Party 55 30 5 5Indian National Congress 34 00 9 13 0 5West Bengal 42 2 4 2 34BJP INC CPI M TMCParty Vote share Change Seats won ChangesAll India Trinamool Congress 39 35 8 60 34 15Communist Party of India Marxist 22 71 10 1 2 13Bharatiya Janata Party 16 84 10 90 2 1Indian National Congress 9 58 3 80 4 2Reactions editDomestic edit EconomicThe country s economic indicators were performing well in advance of the result in expectation of a BJP win on the perception that Modi is business friendly The benchmark BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty indices hit record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened following months of poor performance 290 On the result day as early vote counts gave the BJP a majority lead the Sensex reached a record high of 25 375 63 points 291 It ended the day at a new closing high of 24 121 74 The Nifty reached a record high of 7 563 50 before ending the day at a new closing high of 7 203 292 The Indian rupee rose to an 11 month high of 58 62 against the US dollar and closed at 58 79 293 Deutsche Bank revised its December 2014 target for the Sensex to 28 000 and Macquarie revised its 12 month target for the Nifty to 8 400 from 7 200 Edelweiss set its December 2014 targets for the Sensex and Nifty at 29 000 and 9 000 respectively 294 MediaIndia Times suggested that the election was watched in Pakistan with Modi being the less popular candidate than AAP s Kejriwal Comparisons were made between the latter and the Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf s Imran Khan 295 Analysts suggested a high turnout would favour the BJP as it indicates an increase in participation of urban voters who are the party s traditional vote bank Others have suggested however that this could indicate an increase in voting amongst the 150 million Muslims that generally support the INC Varghese K George the political editor of The Hindu said that both readings rely on too many assumptions but that the only reading so far was the BJP was doing well and Modi is managing to make some connection with voters and the Congress is doing pretty badly 296 PoliticiansWhen it became clear that the BJP would win the election Narendra Modi tweeted India has won Bharat ki Vijay Ache din ane wale hai good days are ahead 297 This tweet instantly became India s most retweeted Twitter post 298 Manmohan Singh congratulated Modi by telephone 299 300 Congress President Sonia Gandhi accepted the defeat and congratulated the new government saying I congratulate the next government I take full responsibility for the loss of Congress Rahul Gandhi also did the same saying The new government has been given a mandate by the people As Congress Vice President I hold myself responsible The Congress party has done badly 301 Former Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh said I am surprised by the results especially in Telangana and Jharkhand There was clearly a Modi effect 302 At the Congress Working Committee CWC meeting on 19 May general secretary Mohan Prakash claimed that Israeli intelligence agency Mossad and the RSS had been working together since 2009 to defeat the UPA government Prakash further claimed that this was because of Israel s unhappiness with the UPA government According to him this was because the UPA only had limited political relations with Israel unlike the previous NDA government Outgoing Finance Minister P Chidambaram criticised the style of functioning and work culture at the Congress headquarters for the loss and suggested adopting a more corporate approach Some Congress members blamed Japanese communication agency Dentsu which had been hired by the party at a cost of nearly 6 billion to handle their election advertising campaign and image makeover of Rahul Gandhi along with another agency Burson Marsteller Chairman of the party s communication department Ajay Maken harshly criticised Dentsu India executive chairman Rohit Ohri for a spineless campaign Priya Dutt Secretary of the party s communication department pointed out the gap between the people and the Congress leadership stating We need to bridge that gap We need to bring that right up to the leadership There is a lot of criticism We have to look at where we have gone wrong in the past 10 years 303 DNA described the accusations against Mossad RSS and Dentsu as bizarre theories and noted that everyone except vice president Rahul Gandhi has been held responsible for their crushing defeat 303 Union minister in the outgoing government Milind Deora told The Indian Express on 21 May that although many factors led to the party s defeat and Rahul s leadership alone could not be blamed it was not about one person s image but the people surrounding that person also Deora stated that many party members felt that the decision makers in the party had no electoral experience no stature standing respect and credibility in the party He accused the people who were in charge of important departments and held key positions of not listening to party cadres and MPs which he believed prevented a diverse opinion from being heard and shut out a lot of people Deora stated A lot of us felt our voices were never heard We felt our voices don t matter This has to change The MPs and ministers should not feel we are being not heard It is not the advisors alone The people who take the advice also have to bear responsibility Those who gave advice and those who received the advice as also those who feel they can give better advice all have to bear responsibility Deora felt the party had to open up and promote avenues for dissent and debate internally When asked who was to blame Deora said there are many people from top to bottom there was lack of coordination and the response was slow there was a very unresponsive attitude the buck stops with the party 304 305 Although this statement received support from several Congress members Deora clarified on Twitter My comments are out of emotions of deep loyalty to the party pain of our performance amp a sincere desire to see us bounce back Nothing more Senior party leader Satyavrat Chaturvedi expressed hope that an honest and ruthless introspection would be carried out fix the problems He further stated that while Deora s statement may not have been fully correct a large portion of what he said is correct Congress members such as Jairam Ramesh Madan Gopal and Kanishka Singh criticised Rahul Gandhi s aides 303 IndividualsRajnikanth congratulated Narendra Modi on Twitter for his historic win The actor also congratulated Jayalalithaa for her party s performance in the election 306 Tamil actor Dhanush also tweeted congratulations to Modi Several Bollywood celebrities including Subhash Ghai Vishal Dadalani Lata Mangeshkar Ranvir Shorey Vivek Oberoi Baba Sehgal Shekhar Kapur Arshad Warsi Preity Zinta Arjun Rampal Farhan Akhtar Karan Johar Sangeeth Sivan Kabir Bedi Anupam Kher Madhur Bhandarkar Atul Kasbekar and Pritish Nandy tweeted congratulations to Modi and the BJP for their victory 307 President of Film Federation of India Ravi Kottarakara congratulated Modi on behalf of the entire Indian film fraternity CEO of the Film amp TV Producers Guild of India Kulmmet Makkar described the clear mandate as being great for the Indian film industry He also expressed positive hopes from the new government 308 International edit nbsp Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai sent congratulations Karzai who attended school in Shimla spoke to Modi in Hindi 309 Spokesperson Aimal Faizi tweeted President Karzai extends his warm Congratulations to narendramodi on victory in elections Afghans always regard India as a true friend 310 nbsp Australia Prime Minister Tony Abbott called Modi to congratulate him He tweeted I ve spoken to narendramodi and congratulated him on his success I look forward to strengthening ties between India and Australia He further said that he was looking forward to meet Modi during the upcoming G 20 Summit to be held in Brisbane in November 2014 310 311 nbsp Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina wrote The decisive verdict given by the people of your great country is a strong testimony to your dynamic inspiring and visionary leadership qualities and manifestation of the trust and confidence reposed in you by the people of the largest democracy in the world I am delighted to see a great friend of Bangladesh leading an extremely friendly country India in the coming days 312 She further stated I hope that you would find my country your second home and first destination for your official visit abroad 311 Hasina also sent a separate letter to BJP President Rajnath Singh congratulating him and party members for their landslide victory on behalf of the Bangladesh Awami League 310 Bangladesh Nationalist Party BNP chief Khaleda Zia and the Jamaat e Islami also sent messages congratulating Modi 311 313 nbsp Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay and King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck called Modi and congratulated him on his victory 311 nbsp Brunei Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah sent a message of congratulations to Modi In his message the Sultan wished Modi success and looked forward to working with him to strengthen long standing ties of friendship and co operation between Brunei and India including through work in the Commonwealth and the Asean India Dialogue 314 nbsp Canada Canadian High Commissioner Stewart Beck said I had the pleasure to meet with Modi during his time as the Chief Minister of Gujarat and I look forward to working with him to grow Canada s bilateral relationship with India I also wish to congratulate the people of India on exercising their right to vote and showing the world the strength of their democratic system 311 Prime minister Stephen Harper sent a congratulatory message to Modi on 17 May 315 nbsp China Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said China is willing to make joint efforts with the new Indian government maintain high level exchanges deepen cooperation in all areas and bring the China India strategic partnership to new height 312 The Chinese government formally congratulated Modi on 23 May The Chinese government had been waiting for Modi to be officially be sworn in before issuing a formal message as they were conscious of protocol Modi made four visits to China during his tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat resulting in over US 900 million worth of Chinese investments in Gujarat 316 Premier Li Keqiang congratulated Modi on 26 May He stated that China viewed India as a natural cooperative partner and expressed his desire to work together for peaceful cooperative and common development that would not only bring benefits to their own people but also contribute to peace stability and prosperity of Asia and beyond 317 nbsp Denmark Prime Minister Helle Thorning Schmidt called Modi and congratulated him on his victory 311 312 nbsp France French Ambassador to India Francois Richier stated This massive vote of confidence highlights the vitality of Indian democracy France is keen to work hand in hand with the new Indian leadership Paris statement will follow formal announcement by Election Commission 311 President Francois Hollande congratulated Modi by telephone on 19 May He invited him to come to France when he wished French Embassy officials stated He Hollande confirmed that he Modi would have France s support in the task at hand and reiterated his commitment to the strategic partnership and friendship between France and India a partner and ally of France 318 nbsp Germany On 15 May the day prior to the results being declared German Ambassador to India Michael Steiner stated An elected Prime Minister of India does not need a visa for Germany he is welcome there 319 320 Chancellor Angela Merkel called Modi on 19 May congratulated him on his victory and invited him to Berlin 321 nbsp Israel Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu telephoned Narendra Modi to congratulate him 322 A statement read He Netanyahu said that he was looking forward to work with Mr Modi and enhance bilateral cooperation 310 nbsp Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called Modi and congratulated him on his victory 323 324 nbsp Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter and also stated that he was looking forward to continuing strong Malaysia India partnership under the new government 325 326 nbsp Maldives President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom congratulated Modi and sent wishes for every success and prosperity The President stated that India had chosen the most proficient leadership 327 Modi was also congratulated by former President Mohamed Nasheed on Twitter 328 329 Indian High Commissioner to the Maldives Rajeev Shahare stated that relations between the countries would strengthen under the new prime minister 330 nbsp Mauritius Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam sent a message to Modi on 16 May congratulating Modi for the impressive and well deserved victory of his party Ramgoolam stated that these elections in the largest democracy of the world are yet again a testimony to the exceptional robustness of Indian democracy and added that Mauritius applauds and commends India for upholding her acclaimed democratic credentials to which Mauritius feels particularly attached He further stated your electoral victory is a defining moment in the contemporary history of your great country It certainly reflects the trust that the people place in you to chart the future course of your nation You embody the politics of hope and delivery to your people in their aspirations for development and prosperity 331 nbsp Nepal Prime Minister Sushil Koirala congratulated Narendra Modi on his victory and invited him to visit Nepal President Ram Baran Yadav also called Modi and BJP President Rajnath Singh to congratulate them on the BJP s victory 332 nbsp New Zealand Prime Minister John Key congratulated Modi by letter Key expressed hope that the two countries would be able to negotiate a free trade agreement which they began discussing in 2010 However talks later stalled and the last round of discussions was held in July 2013 The Prime Minister stated We are sort of hopeful we can reignite the free trade agreement with Modi as the new Prime Minister He has obviously been very pro business and he has had an overwhelming mandate delivered to him so you can see the Indian people want and expect to see high levels of economic growth One of those things is trade so we are certainly going to be taking it up with the new Indian Government at the appropriate time 333 334 nbsp Norway Prime Minister Erna Solberg called Modi and congratulated him on his victory 311 nbsp Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif congratulated Modi and offered good wishes on the BJP s impressive victory Sharif also invited Modi to visit Pakistan 312 nbsp Qatar Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa al Thani congratulated Modi on his party s victory in the general election in a telephone conversation 312 335 nbsp Russia President Vladimir Putin congratulated Modi and the BJP on the election victory gave a high assessment of the traditionally friendly ties between Russia and India These ties have a foundation in the Declaration on Strategic Partnership which was signed while the BJP was in power and set a development course for bilateral relations for years to come 336 nbsp Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong congratulated Modi and the BJP on Twitter and Facebook and also stated that he was looking forward to working with the new Indian Government to strengthen India Singapore relations Modi replied to the tweet stating leehsienloong Thank you very much Singapore is a valued friend amp I am sure we will make our ties stronger in the times to come 337 338 339 Former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong wrote I recall our meetings and frank exchange of views since 2006 when I visited Gujarat You have always shown a strong resolve to bring economic prosperity to the Indian people I am confident that you will lead India to greater heights as Prime Minister and further build on the excellent ties between our two countries 315 nbsp South Africa President Jacob Zuma said in a statement on 17 May With India under the leadership of Mr Modi the Government of South Africa looks forward to consolidating the strong bilateral political and economic relations that exist between our two sister Republics 340 341 342 nbsp Spain President Mariano Rajoy sent a letter congratulating Modi on his brilliant victory in the election Rajoy expressed his admiration for the democratic spirit that reigned over such a complex election process The President concluded his letter stating that he was looking forward to meeting Modi in person and offered his warmest regards and deepest personal respect 343 344 345 nbsp Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapaksa called Modi and congratulated him for a great victory 311 The President tweeted Called narendramodi a short while ago Congratulated on BJP victory amp invited for a state visit to SriLanka 312 nbsp Tibet Tibetan Prime Minister in exile Lobsang Sangay thanked the UPA government or their unwavering support for the Tibetan people during its two full terms and also congratulated the BJP led NDA for their victory 346 347 nbsp United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron called Modi and congratulated him on the election success and stated that he was keen on working together 312 one of the first Western leaders to do 348 A spokesperson stated The prime minister called Narendra Modi this morning to congratulate him on his victory in the Indian elections and the record turnout making this the biggest democratic election in history Modi said he would be delighted to accept the Prime Minister s invitation to visit the UK Both leaders agreed on the importance of the UK India relationship and agreed to work together to strengthen it in the months ahead Cameron also tweeted using his official account Congratulations narendramodi on victory in India s elections Keen to work together to get the most from UK India relationship British Foreign Minister William Hague stated I congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on their success and look forward to forging an even closer partnership with India in the months ahead UK has strong ties with India and the British government looks forward to working with the new Indian government to build on this relationship and deliver security growth and prosperity for both our nations 310 nbsp United States White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said We congratulate Narendra Modi and the BJP on winning a majority of seats in this historic election Once the government is formed we look forward to working closely with the prime minister and the Cabinet to advance our strong bilateral relationship based on shared democratic values The prime minister of India will be welcomed to the US 312 The White House National Security Council tweeted US congratulates BJP on its victory in India s historic election We look forward to working with government once formed to advance our partnership 309 311 Secretary of State John Kerry tweeted Congrats to narendramodi and BJP Look forward to working w you growing shared prosperity security w world s largest democracy 311 Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him The New York Times observed that the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission later rectified was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves The paper further stated The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come The United States refused to issue Mr Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots As Mr Modi s star rose in the past year American leaders reached out but a thaw on Mr Modi s side has been almost imperceptible 348 349 State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we won t worry about the Twitter rank order 350 John Kerry reiterated the United States willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India US relations on 20 May He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and echo President Obama s invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity The Times of India noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US led diplomatic boycott of Modi 351 Mint stated that Modi s more expansive responses were to the leaders of Japan and Russia According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders proudly nationalistic trying to fix the economy with firm measures 352 International mediaPrior to the announcement of the result The Washington Post highlighted 2014 will be the biggest year in the history of democracy with more people than ever before going to the polls to decide their own fate this really looks to be one of the most fascinating political events this year and not just because of its scale It s a fascinating moment in democracy and one that shouldn t be ignored 108 The New York Times added that the sheer size of the electorate makes this election the largest ever in the world and an inspiring celebration of universal adult suffrage but also wrote lurking behind the feel good spectacle is the reality that India s elections are awash in illegal cash serious violence and dirty tricks 353 Bloomberg Businessweek wrote of the election that the process is awesome in its complexity and the campaigns have given rise to robust debate But here s something else not to miss It s all pretty damn colorful It highlighted five reasons that make the election interesting Kejriwal s effect Modi s wife exit polls are barred but betting on the future prime minister was not and Modi was in the lead vote buying through cash alcohol or other means and 3D campaigning 354 It also predicted better relations with Japan at the expense of relations with China under Modi 355 and asked whether a redefinition of India s nuclear weapons program would result from the elections 356 An editorial in the China Daily the Chinese government s official English language newspaper compared Modi s preoccupation with development with China s own experiences and development philosophy and argued that this had inspired unprecedented optimism here over our South Asian neighbour s growth potential The paper also argued that western rhetoric which stated that both countries were destined to stand against each other had been proven wrong by the fact that India and China had by and large managed their differences well over the decades It also welcomed Modi s invitation to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to attend his swearing in ceremony 357 Individuals and organisationsThe 14th Dalai Lama sent a letter congratulating Modi for the BJP s decisive victory The Dalai Lama expressed hope that just as Modi had brought development and prosperity to Gujarat India would continue to flourish and prosper under his leadership 358 359 360 361 The American Jewish Committee AJC congratulated Narendra Modi and expressed hope that his leadership would further strengthen India s relations with the US and Israel Director of AJC s Asia Pacific Institute API Shira Loewenberg stated We look forward to working with Modi and the new government to further strengthen and deepen India s extensive relations with the United States and Israel BJP has long been a friend to Israel and the Jewish people 362 363 Aftermath editGovernment formation edit Further information First swearing in ceremony of Narendra Modi and First Modi ministry Manmohan Singh tendered his resignation to President Pranab Mukherjee on 17 May He continued as caretaker Prime Minister at the request of the President until 26 May 2014 when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office 364 Support for the new government edit Political Party Seats AllianceBharatiya Janata Party 282 National Democratic AllianceShiv Sena 18Lok Janshakti Party 6Shiromani Akali Dal 4Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 3Apna Dal 2Pattali Makkal Katchi 1Swabhimani Paksha 1Naga People s Front 1All India N R Congress 1National People s Party India 1Total 336See also editList of members of the 16th Lok SabhaNotes editReferences edit India General Elections 2014 mapsofindia com Archived from the original on 21 February 2014 Retrieved 27 January 2014 a b 39 of first time voters back BJP only 19 vote for Congress 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