Taoyuan International Airport

For the previous military use of this facility, see Taoyuan Air Base.

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport^[a] (IATA: TPE, ICAO: RCTP), is an international airport situated in Taoyuan City which serves the entire northern Taiwan region including the capital city Taipei (sometimes referred to as Taipei-Taoyuan International Airport ). Located about 40 km (25 mi) west of the capital Taipei in Dayuan District, Taoyuan, the airport is the busiest and largest in Taiwan.^[3] In 2016, it was ranked the best airport for its size in the Asia-Pacific region by Airports Council International.^[4]

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport 臺灣桃園國際機場
Taoyuan International Airport
IATA: TPE ICAO: RCTP
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner/Operator	Taoyuan International Airport Corporation
Serves	Taipei and Northern Taiwan
Location	Dayuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Opened	26 February 1979; 44 years ago (1979-02-26)
Hub for	China Airlines EVA Air Mandarin Airlines Starlux Airlines Tigerair Taiwan UNI Air
Operating base for	Cathay Pacific Scoot
Elevation AMSL	33 m / 108 ft
Coordinates	25°4′35″N 121°13′26″E / 25.07639°N 121.22389°E / 25.07639; 121.22389
Website	www.taoyuan-airport.com/english/index
Maps
TPE Location in Taiwan
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 05L/23R^[1] 3,660 12,008 Asphalt concrete 05R/23L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt concrete
Statistics (2021)
Number of passengers 818,124  89.00% Aircraft Movement 96,678  18.38% Airfreight Movements 2,562,939 tonnes  9.40%
Sources: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications^[2]

Taoyuan International Airport
Traditional Chinese	桃園國際機場
Simplified Chinese	桃园国际机场
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táoyuán Gúojì Jīchǎng Bopomofo ㄊㄠˊ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧ ㄔㄤˇ Southern Min Hokkien POJ Thô-hn̂g Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ
Chiang Kai-shek International Airport
Traditional Chinese	中正國際機場
Simplified Chinese	中正国际机场
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngzhèng Guójì Jīchǎng Southern Min Hokkien POJ Tiong-chèng Kok-chè Ki-tiûⁿ

The airport opened for commercial operations in 1979 as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (中正國際機場) and was renamed in 2006.^[5] It is an important regional trans-shipment center, passenger hub, and gateway for destinations in Asia, and is one of two international airports that serve Taipei. The other, Taipei Songshan Airport, is located within the city limits and served as Taipei's only international airport until 1979.^[6] Songshan now mainly serves chartered flights, intra-island flights, and limited international flights.

In 2018, Taoyuan International Airport handled a record 46.5 million passengers and 2.3 billion kg of freight, making it the 11th busiest airport worldwide by international passenger traffic, and 8th busiest in terms of international freight traffic in 2018.^[7][2][8] It is the main international hub for China Airlines, EVA Air and Starlux Airlines. It is also a hub of Mandarin Airlines, Uni Air and Tigerair Taiwan.

History

In the 1970s, the original airport in Taipei City — Taipei Songshan Airport — had become overcrowded and could not be expanded due to space limitations. Thus, a new airport was planned to alleviate congestion.^[6] The new airport opened (with Terminal 1) on 26 February 1979,^[5] as part of the Ten Major Construction Projects pursued by the government in the 1970s. The airport was originally planned under the name Taoyuan International Airport but was later changed to Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in memory of former President Chiang Kai-shek.^[9]

The airport is the main hub of China Airlines, the Republic of China's flag carrier, as well as EVA Air, a private airline established in 1989. Overcrowding of the airport in recent years prompted the construction of Terminal 2, which was opened on 29 July 2000,^[5] with half of its gates operational; EVA Air was the first airline to move into Terminal 2. The remaining gates opened on 21 January 2005 for China Airlines, making China Airlines the only airline to operate from both terminals.^[10]

The airport has announced construction plans for a third terminal. In October 2015, the design of British firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, founded by Pritzker Architecture Prize-laureate Richard Rogers, was chosen for the 640,000-square-metre (6,900,000 sq ft) Terminal 3. Over US$2.3 billion will be poured into the project, among the most costly constructions in modern Taiwanese history. The terminal is expected to be opened in 2020^{[needs update]} and accommodate 45 million passengers per year, boosting the yearly capacity of the airport to 86 million passengers.^[11]

Formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, it was renamed on 6 September 2006 to its current name.^[5] The airport, originally planned as Taoyuan International Airport, bore the name of late President Chiang Kai-shek until 2006.^[5] In Chinese, its former name was literally "Chung-Cheng (Zhongzheng) International Airport", where Chung-Cheng is the legal given name that Chiang Kai-shek had used since the 1910s.^[12] In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek is associated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang and its many years of one-party authoritarian rule.^[9] Local officials in Taoyuan City and members of the Pan-Green Coalition often referred to the hub by the name originally associated with it: "Taoyuan International Airport".^[13] News organizations and local residents sometimes combined the two commonly used names as "Taoyuan Chung-Cheng Airport."^[13][14]

The Executive Yuan of then-President Chen Shui-bian's administration officially approved the name Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport for the hub on 6 September 2006.^{[15][16][17][18]} The opposition Kuomintang, which together with its political allies held a one-vote majority in the Legislative Yuan, decried the change and proposed "Taiwan Taoyuan Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" instead.^[19] The disagreement, like those affecting the names of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall and other landmarks in Taiwan, stands as another manifestation of the Taiwan localization efforts by pan-Green officials and resistance against it by Pan-Blue Coalition.^[9] The media in mainland China has always referred to the airport as "Taoyuan International Airport" so as to avoid mentioning Chiang Kai-shek.^{[citation needed]}

Terminals

 

Morning rush hour at TPE

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals, which are connected by two short people movers.^[20] The third terminal is under construction, while the fourth terminal is planned, however plans may be halted. The Taoyuan Airport MRT links the terminals together underground, and provides transportation to Taipei City.^[21][22]

Terminal 1

 

Bird's-eye view of Terminal 1

 

Renovated arrival hall

Terminal 1 is the original passenger terminal of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. The building was designed by Chinese-born, Taiwanese-American structural engineer Tung-Yen Lin and influenced by Eero Saarinen's Washington Dulles International Airport.^[23][24] The five-storey, 169,500 m² (1,824,000 sq ft) terminal, along with the airport, opened in 1979 to relieve the overcrowded Taipei Songshan Airport.^[25] All international flights were moved to the airport following the completion of this terminal. Terminal 1 featured 22 gates. A row of 11 gates are located on the north end of the airfield facing the north runway and another row of 11 gates are located on the south end airfield facing the south runway. The two concourses that contained the airplane gates are linked together by a main building that contained the check-in areas, baggage claim, passport immigration areas, and security checkpoint areas. Together they form a giant "H". All gates are equipped with jetways. Gates located at the end of the concourses have one jetway and also reducing people and gates not located at the end of the concourses have two jetways. The terminal was originally white in color when it first opened. As the years gradually passed, the façade and color has become more tan and yellow colored due to air pollution in Taipei.

After the completion of Terminal 2, some gates from Terminal 1 were removed to make space for Terminal 2. Currently Terminal 1 has 18 gates.^[26] Alphabetical letters were introduced when Terminal 2 was completed. The north concourse is now Concourse A and the south concourse is now Concourse B. Before Terminal 2, gates were numbered from 1 to 22. China Airlines uses Concourse A for the majority of its flights in Terminal 1, while the third largest carrier of the airport, Cathay Pacific, operates most of its flights at Concourse B.

In 2012, the renovation project of the terminal, designed by Japanese architect Norihiko Dan,^[27] was completed, doubling the floor area, expanding check-in counters, increasing shopping areas and expanding car-parking facilities. Part of the project was the complete redesigning of both the exterior and interior of the terminal. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 15 million passengers per year.^{[citation needed]} This renovation received the 2014 Taiwan Architecture Award from the Taiwan Architects Association.^[28]

Terminal 2

 

Departure Hall

 

Arrivals Hall

Terminal 2 opened in 2000 to reduce heavy congestion in the aging Terminal 1.^[29] Only the South Concourse had been completed by the time the terminal opened. The South Concourse alone has 10 gates, each with 2 jetways and their own security checkpoints. The North Concourse opened later in 2005, bringing the total number of gates for Terminal 2 to 20 gates; the security checkpoints were moved to a central location in front of the passport control. The 318,000-m² facility is capable of handling 17 million passengers per year.^[29]

The Southern and Northern Concourses are also known as Concourse C and Concourse D, respectively. Terminals 1 and 2 are connected by two short people mover lines, with one from Concourse A to D, and the other from B to C. China Airlines uses Concourse D for the majority of its flights in Terminal 2 while EVA Air uses Concourse C for most of its operations.

A renovation planned to increase the terminal's annual passenger capacity by 5 million to 22 million per annum was announced in 2018.^{[citation needed]}. Terminal 2 renovation was completed in 2020.

Terminal 3 (under construction)

Further information: Taoyuan International Airport § Terminal 3 construction

Construction of Terminal 3 is part of the expansion project of Taoyuan International Airport. The 540,000 square meter Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and will accommodate 45 million passengers per year.^[11] The new terminal was originally planned to be opened in 2020. However, the project has been delayed, which postpones its targeted completion to 2026.^[30]

Terminal 4 (plans halted)

Originally part of the expansion project was a new Terminal 4. However, due to the vast amount of construction, the Ministry of Transportation ordered the airport company to halt the project in order to minimize traveller inconvenience.^[31]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Aero K	Cheongju
AirAsia	Kota Kinabalu
AirAsia X	Kuala Lumpur–International
Air Busan	Busan
Air China	Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong
Air Macau	Macau
Air New Zealand	Auckland
Asiana Airlines	Seoul–Incheon
Bamboo Airways	Charter: Nha Trang^[32]
Batik Air Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur–International, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Sapporo–Chitose, Tokyo–Narita
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong, Nagoya–Centrair,^[33] Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Cebu Pacific	Manila
China Airlines	Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Busan, Cebu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Da Nang, Denpasar, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hiroshima, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kagoshima, Koror, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kumamoto,^[34] London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbourne, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, New York–JFK, Ontario (CA), Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phnom Penh, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Sydney, Takamatsu, Tokyo–Narita, Toyama (resumes 31 January 2024),^[35] Vancouver, Vienna, Yangon Seasonal charter: Phoenix–Sky Harbor
China Eastern Airlines	Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Wuhan
China Southern Airlines	Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Zhengzhou
Delta Air Lines	Seattle/Tacoma (begins 6 June 2024)^[36]
Eastar Jet	Cheongju,^[37] Jeju, Seoul–Incheon^[38]
Emirates	Dubai–International
EVA Air	Amsterdam, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Cebu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Chicago–O'Hare, Clark, Da Nang, Denpasar, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Macau, Manila, Matsuyama (resumes 6 March 2024),^[39] Milan–Malpensa, Munich, Naha, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phnom Penh, Phuket, San Francisco, Sapporo–Chitose, Seattle/Tacoma, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Vienna
Greater Bay Airlines	Hong Kong
Hainan Airlines	Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou
HK Express	Hong Kong
Hong Kong Airlines	Hong Kong
Japan Airlines	Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Japan Transocean Air	Charter: Naha
Jeju Air	Busan, Seoul–Incheon Seasonal: Muan^[40]
Jetstar Japan	Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Jin Air	Busan,^[41] Daegu, Seoul–Incheon Seasonal charter: Cheongju
Juneyao Air	Shanghai–Pudong
KLM	Amsterdam
Korean Air	Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Malaysia Airlines	Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International
Mandarin Airlines	Xiamen
Myanmar Airways International	Mandalay, Yangon
Peach	Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Philippine Airlines	Manila
Philippines AirAsia	Cebu (ends 30 March 2024),^[42] Manila
Royal Air Philippines	Caticlan, Manila^[43]
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan
Scoot	Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita Seasonal: Sapporo–Chitose
Shandong Airlines	Qingdao
Shenzhen Airlines	Shenzhen
Singapore Airlines	Singapore
Spring Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong
StarFlyer	Nagoya–Centrair Charter: Kitakyushu
Starlux Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Chiang Mai,^[44] Clark, Da Nang, Fukuoka, Hakodate (begins 1 February 2024),^[45] Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kumamoto, Los Angeles, Macau, Manila, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, San Francisco,^[46] Sapporo–Chitose, Sendai, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Thai AirAsia	Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chiang Mai
Thai Airways International	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion Air	Bangkok–Don Mueang, Tokyo–Narita
Thai Summer Airways	Bangkok–Don Mueang
Thai VietJet Air	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai
Tigerair Taiwan	Akita,^[47] Asahikawa, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Busan, Daegu, Da Nang, Fukuoka, Hakodate, Hanamaki, Ibaraki, Jeju, Kōchi-Ryoma, Komatsu, Macau, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Niigata, Okayama, Osaka–Kansai, Phuket, Saga, Sapporo–Chitose, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita Charter: Kalibo, Puerto Princesa
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul
T'way Air	Daegu, Jeju
Uni Air	Shenzhen
United Airlines	San Francisco
VietJet Air	Can Tho, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu Quoc^[48] Charter: Da Nang, Nha Trang
Vietnam Airlines	Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City Charter: Da Nang, Can Tho
XiamenAir	Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
AirBridgeCargo	Moscow–Sheremetyevo (suspended)
Air China Cargo	Shanghai–Pudong
ANA Cargo	Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Cargolux^[49]	Ashgabat, Almaty, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beirut, Budapest, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Luxembourg, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Novosibirsk, Seoul–Incheon, Vienna
Cathay Cargo	Hong Kong, Tokyo–Narita
China Airlines Cargo	Amsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Boston, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Christchurch,^[50] Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Manila, Miami, Mumbai, Nanjing, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Prague, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita, Xiamen, Zhengzhou
China Cargo Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong, Xiamen
China Postal Airlines	Fuzhou
DHL Aviation	Nagoya–Centrair,^[51] Singapore^[52]
DHL Aviation operated by Air Hong Kong	Hong Kong
Emirates SkyCargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum
EVA Air Cargo	Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Los Angeles, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore,^[53] Toronto–Pearson
FedEx Express	Anchorage, Auckland, Clark, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Air Cargo	Hong Kong
JAL Cargo	Tokyo–Narita (begins 19 February 2024)^[54]
Lufthansa Cargo	Frankfurt, Riyadh^[55]
Nippon Cargo Airlines	Kitakyushu, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
Polar Air Cargo	Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Nagoya–Centrair, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
SF Airlines	Guangzhou, Ningbo, Shenzhen
Suparna Airlines Cargo	Guangzhou
Turkish Cargo	Almaty, Istanbul, Seoul–Incheon, Tashkent
UPS Airlines	Anchorage, Clark, Cologne/Bonn, Louisville, Mumbai, Seoul–Incheon

Operations

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at TPE airport. See Wikidata query.

Operations and Statistics^[2]

Year	Passenger movements	Airfreight movements (kg)	Aircraft movement
2013	30,701,987	1,571,814,300	194,239
2014	35,804,465	2,088,726,700	208,874
2015	38,473,333	2,021,865,100	221,191
2016	42,296,322	2,097,228,400	244,464
2017	44,878,703	2,269,585,324	246,104
2018	46,535,180	2,322,820,000	256,069
2019	48,689,372	2,182,341,790	265,625
2020	7,438,325	2,342,714,268	118,449
2021	909,012	2,812,065,300	106,893
2022	5,342,448	2,538,768,300	112,496

Capacity

Passenger (T1 & T2 current)	37,000,000
Passenger (T1, T2 & T3 2025)	82,000,000
Cargo (current)	1.7m tonnes

Busiest routes

Busiest Routes (2019)^[56]

Rank	City	Passengers	% Change 2023 / 19	Airport	Passengers	Carriers 2023 (largest carrier bolded)
1	Hong Kong	3,489,592	42.9%	Hong Kong	3,489,592	China Airlines, EVA Air, Cathay Pacific, Cathay Dragon, Greater Bay Airlines, HK Express, Hong Kong Airlines
2	Tokyo	2,693,224	13.3%	Narita	2,572,580	All Nippon Airways, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Peach, Scoot, Starlux, Thai Lion Air, Tigerair Taiwan
				Haneda	220,644	Peach, Tigerair Taiwan
3	Bangkok	2,245,745	6.4%	Suvarnabhumi	1,968,891	China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM, Starlux, Thai Airways, Thai Vietjet
				Don Mueang	319,102	Tigerair Taiwan, Thai Air Asia, Thai Lion Air
4	Osaka	2,215,491	18.4%	Kansai	2,215,491	Batik Air, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Peach, Starlux, Thai Vietjet, Tigerair Taiwan
5	Seoul	2,038,282	23.2%	Incheon	2,038,282	Asiana Airlines, China Airlines, EVA Air, Eastar Jet, Jeju Air, Jin Air, KLM, Korean Air, Scoot, Tigerair Taiwan
6	Singapore	1,863,777	3.3%	Changi	1,863,777	China Airlines, EVA Air, Singapore Airlines, Scoot, Starlux
7	Manila	1,453,052	16.9%	Ninoy Aquino	1,320,063	Cebu Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM, Philippine Airlines, Philippines AirAsia, Starlux
				Clark	132,989	Philippines AirAsia
8	Los Angeles	1,228,367	21.2%	Los Angeles	1,042,877	China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux
				Ontario	185,490	China Airlines
9	San Francisco	1,134,776	11.4%	San Francisco	1,134,776	China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, United Airlines
10	Ho Chi Minh City	1,120,656	16.8%	Tan Son Nhat	1,120,656	China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet Air
11	Shanghai	992,710	42.9%	Pudong	992,710	Air China, China Airlines, China Eastern, China Southern, EVA Air, Juneyao Airlines, Spring Airlines
12	Kuala Lumpur	989,589	15.6%	Kuala Lumpur	989,589	Air Asia X, Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Malaysia Airlines, Starlux
13	Naha	808,713	34.8%	Naha	808,713	Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
14	Sapporo	793,679	8.6%	New Chitose	793,679	Batik Air, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Scoot, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
15	Hanoi	787,734	1.3%	Noi Bai	787,734	Bamboo Airways, China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Vietjet Air, Vietnam Airlines
16	Fukuoka	785,310	10.3%	Fukuoka	785,310	China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
17	Macau	640,667	50.3%	Macau	640,667	Air Macau, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan
18	Busan	541,017	30.6%	Gimhae	541,017	Air Busan, China Airlines, Korean Air, Jeju Air, Jin Air, Tigerair Taiwan
19	Da Nang	480,524	221.2%	Da Nang	480,524	Bamboo Airways, China Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux, Tigerair Taiwan, Vietjet Air
20	Nagoya	432,705	51.6%	Chubu Centrair	432,705	Batik Air, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Tigerair Taiwan

Top Carriers (2018)^[2]

Rank	Airline	Passengers	Alliance	Carrier	Passengers
1	China Airlines	12,365,152	SkyTeam	China Airlines	11,829,994
				Mandarin Airlines	535,158
2	EVA Air	11,575,809	Star Alliance	EVA Air	11,011,832
				Uni Air	563,977
3	Cathay Pacific	3,881,836	Oneworld	Cathay Pacific	3,650,896
				Cathay Dragon	230,940
4	Tigerair Taiwan	2,089,203		Tigerair Taiwan	2,089,203
5	Scoot	1,092,091	Value Alliance	Scoot	1,092,091
6	China Southern Airlines	1,061,456		China Southern Airlines	1,061,456
7	China Eastern Airlines	1,003,688	SkyTeam	China Eastern Airlines	1,003,688
8	Vanilla Air	815,918	Value Alliance	Vanilla Air	815,918
9	Air China	794,139	Star Alliance	Air China	794,139
10	Hong Kong Airlines	740,259		Hong Kong Airlines	740,259
11	Peach Aviation	708,746		Peach Aviation	708,746
12	Thai Airways	670,457	Star Alliance	Thai Airways	670,457
13	AirAsia X	591,083		AirAsia X	591,083
14	Japan Airlines	540,503	Oneworld	Japan Airlines	540,503
15	VietJet Air	464,378		VietJet Air	464,378

Top Countries (2019)^[2]

Rank	Country/Region	Passengers 2019	% Change 2019 / 18	Passengers 2018
1	Japan	10,855,640	5.6%	10,278,657
2	China	8,060,472	0.4%	8,029,380
3	Hong Kong	6,109,841	3.6%	6,337,734
4	South Korea	4,174,175	15.0%	3,629,026
5	United States	3,080,558	0.1%	3,076,022
6	Thailand	2,620,847	14.0%	2,298,615
7	Vietnam	2,309,352	7.4%	2,150,233
8	Philippines	2,209,269	18.9%	1,858,065
9	Singapore	1,926,444	4.8%	1,838,828
10	Malaysia	1,459,480	2.2%	1,491,790
11	Macau	1,290,114	4.1%	1,239,393
12	Indonesia	758,698	6.4%	713,215
13	Canada	745,525	1.3%	754,979
14	Australia	568,987	9.6%	518,959
15	Netherlands	354,931	0.4%	353,566

The airport is operated by the Taoyuan International Airport Corporation, a company wholly owned by the Government of Taiwan. The Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) is responsible for the provision of air traffic control services, certification of Taiwan registered aircraft, and the regulation of general civil aviation activities.

The airport has two parallel runways, with one 3660 meters in length and another 3800 meters in length and both 60 meters wide, enabling them to cater to the next generation of aircraft. Both runways have been given a Category II Precision Approach, which allows pilots to land in only 350-metre visibility. The two runways have an ultimate capacity of over 60 aircraft movements an hour. The Airport is upgrading ATC and runways.

There are 41 frontal stands at the main passenger concourse, 15 remote stands and 25 cargo stands. In 2015, the airport was the 11th busiest airport worldwide in terms of international passenger numbers, and sixth busiest in terms of international freight traffic.^[8]

The operation of scheduled air services to and from Taoyuan is facilitated by air services agreements between Taiwan and other countries. Since the opening of RCTP, the Taiwan Government has implemented a policy of progressive liberalisation of air services with the intention of promoting consumer choice and competition. Many low-cost airlines have started various regional routes to compete head-on with full-service carriers on trunk routes.

The airport's long term expansion opportunities are subject to variables. A NTD 300 billion proposal to build a third runway and a third terminal has been under feasibility study and consultation.

Airport facilities

Terminal transit

 

The Skytrain shuttles passengers between Terminals 1 and 2

Transportation between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 is provided by the TTIA Skytrain, which transports both passengers who have cleared security and those who have not through separate train cars. The Taoyuan Airport MRT also serves Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the Airport Hotel, oferring free fare with an electronic ticket such as the EasyCard, IPASS (Taiwan), or icash2.0 [zh].^[57]

Huan Yu VIP Terminal

Huan Yu VIP Terminal, also known as the Taoyuan Business Aviation Centre (TYBAC), began service in September 2011 and was officially opened in mid-October 2011.^[58] The three-story facility has its own terminal and facilities separate from the public terminals. It provides a multimedia conference room, passenger lounge, private rooms and showers, spa, sauna, gym, and business centre facilities.^[58] Other services provided include ground handling, baggage handling, fuelling, security, customs and flight planning. Passengers planning to utilize TYBAC must sign up (to the Taiwanese immigration service) 3 days before use and pay a one-time service charge.

Statistics showed that 376 private jets landed and departed the airport through a six-month timeframe in 2011; this is a 100 percent increase from the same timeframe in 2010.

E-gate

 

Stamp demonstrating successful enrollment

Passengers who are citizens of the R.O.C (Taiwan) with valid passports or non-citizens who have ROC (Taiwan) Resident Certificate (ARC/APRC) can register with facial features and fingerprints for the E-Gate. After registration, the passengers are able to choose either E-Gate or manual immigration clearance when entering or leaving the country.^[59]

Baggage and cargo facilities

The handling and transportation of mail, passenger baggage, cargo, and the operation of aerobridges and passenger stairways in Taoyuan Airport is provided by Taoyuan International Airport Services Limited (TIAS) and Evergreen Airline Services (EGAS).

TTIA currently handles over 1.5 million tonnes of cargo annually. There are two air cargo terminals in the airport: one operated by Taiwan Air Cargo Terminals Limited and the other operated by Evergreen Air Cargo Services.

Aircraft maintenance services

China Airlines Engineering and Maintenance Organization (CALEMO) and Evergreen Aviation Technologies (EGAT) both offers maintenance services at the airport. With its huge base, CALEMO has a market share of over 75%^{[citation needed]} and can offer maintenance service of five wide-body airliners and one narrow-body airliner simultaneously.^[60] In addition, EGAT is capable of aircraft conversion programs, such as the Dreamlifter program.^{[citation needed]}

In 2022 aerospace company Nordam opened a major components repair facility at Taoyuan, which will serve as their regional hub replacing operations in Singapore.^[61]

Ground transportation

 

Taoyuan Airport MRT Commuter (left) and Express (right) trains.

Bus

Frequent buses link the airport to Taipei,^[62] Taoyuan,^[63] Zhongli,^[64] Taichung,^[65] Banqiao,^[66] Changhua,^[67] and THSR's Taoyuan Station.^[68] Bus terminals are present at both terminals.

Rail

• Taoyuan Airport MRT: Links both terminals at the airport to Taipei and Zhongli District, Taoyuan City. Free Wi-Fi and wireless charging services provided on trains. Passengers flying China Airlines, EVA Air, Mandarin Airlines, and UNI Air can utilize downtown check-in and luggage facilities at Taipei Main Station.^[69][70]
  • Express train: 38-minute link between the airport and downtown Taipei. Stops at both airport terminals, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei Industrial Park, and Taipei Main Station.
  • Commuter train: 45-minute link between the airport and downtown Taipei. Stops at all 21 stations on the line.
• Taiwan High Speed Rail Taoyuan HSR station is about 8 km (5.0 mi) away and is accessible by the Taoyuan Airport MRT's commuter train and shuttle bus.^[68]

Taxi

Taxi queues are outside the arrival halls of both terminals and are available 24 hours a day. They are metered and subject to a 15-percent surcharge.^[71]

Car rental

Car rentals are available at both terminals.^[72] The airport is served by National Highway No. 2.

Other facilities

 

CAL Park, the headquarters for China Airlines.

CAL Park

China Airlines has its headquarters, CAL Park,^[73] on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. CAL Park, located at the airport entrance forms a straight line with Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the future Terminal 3.^[74]

Airport hotels

Located adjacent to the Aviation Museum(now closed) and the convention center is the Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, which opened in November 2009. The 360-room hotel is equipped with restaurants, recreation and fitness centers, and a hair salon and spa.^[75]

Aviation museum

The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum was located in the south-eastern area of the airport between the main freeway entrance and the terminals. It was built in 1981 by Boeing under CAA contract.^[76] Many retired Republic of China Air Force fighters are represented here. Its purpose is to preserve aviation history and provide public understanding of the civil aviation industry.^[77] It is now currently closed due to the expansion and construction of the new Terminal 3.

Awards

• Airport Service Quality (Airports Council International) Best Airport in 15–25 million passengers level (2008)^[78]

Future developments

 

Planned future layout

Taoyuan International Airport is undergoing major facility-upgrading and expansion plans. While the South runway (05R/23L) just completed its renovation in January 2015, construction started at the North runway (05L/23R) in March 2015. The runway renovations involve upgrading the runway to Category III and improving the surface conditions.^[79] On the other hand, two Terminal 2 gates, C2 and D6, had additional jet bridges installed to accommodate the A380 aircraft. After the runway and jetbridge upgrades, the airport will be able to allow regular A380 operations, with likely carriers being Emirates, China Southern and Singapore Airlines.^[80]

Also underway are the Terminal 3, satellite terminal, and third runway plans. Terminal 3 will be designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and have an annual capacity of 45 million passengers.^[11] Specific plans for the satellite terminal have not been announced. The third runway is expected to be completed by 2030.^[81]

The master plan of the airport is the Taoyuan Aerotropolis project, an urban plan aimed at creating an industrial area surrounding Taoyuan Airport. The aerotropolis will take advantage of the competitive local infrastructure to attract developments and help stimulate economic growth. The total area, including the "yolk" airport area and the "white" area, will exceed 6845 hectares. The Terminal 3 and third runway plans are all part of the "yolk" area projects. The official year of completion is 2023.^[82] However, due to land resumption controversies, the estimated year may be delayed.^[83]

Terminal 2 expansion

With the unanticipated rise of the number of passengers, the Ministry of Transportation has planned an expansion project for Terminal 2, increasing its capacity by 5 million passengers per year from 17 mil to 22 mil.^[84]

Terminal 3 construction

 

Terminal 3 under construction in July 2021

 

Terminal 3 under construction in May 2023

In October 2015, it was announced that Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners won the bid to design the 640,000 square meter terminal. Structures will include a processor (main terminal building), two concourses, and a multi-functional building to connect the terminal with Terminal 2. The processor will have a wave-like roof structure from which lights will be hung. The lights will move up and down to reflect the flow of passengers. Terminal 3 was initially expected to be completed in 2020 and will be able to handle up to 50 million passengers per year, thus increasing the overall yearly capacity of the airport to over 90 million passengers.^[11] It is now scheduled to be complete by 2026.^[85]

Accidents and incidents

• On 28 November 1987, South African Airways Flight 295 experienced a catastrophic in-flight fire in the cargo area, broke up in mid-air, and crashed into the Indian Ocean east of Mauritius, killing all 159 people on board. The Boeing 747 combi was flying from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport to Jan Smuts International Airport, Johannesburg, South Africa with a stopover in Plaisance Airport, Plaine Magnien, Mauritius.^[86][87]
• On 10 August 1993, Air China Flight 973, a Boeing 767 was hijacked after takeoff from Beijing en route to Jakarta. A 30-year-old Chinese man passed a handwritten note to a flight attendant demanding to be flown to Taiwan. He threatened that his "accomplice" would destroy the aircraft unless he was flown to Taiwan. He was carrying a shampoo bottle containing a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, and he threatened to disfigure nearby passengers with the acid if his demands were ignored. The aircraft was flown to Taoyuan International Airport, where the hijacker surrendered.^[88]
• Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport was one of many airports targeted by the failed Project Bojinka plot in 1995.
• On 16 February 1998, China Airlines Flight 676, which was arriving from Ngurah Rai International Airport, Indonesia, crashed into a residential area while landing in poor weather, killing all 196 people on board and seven on the ground.^[89]
• On 31 October 2000, Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashed into construction equipment taking off on the wrong runway, killing 83 of the 179 occupants aboard.^[90]
• On November 2, 2019, an unidentified man (referred to as Man A) reportedly of Russian descent^[91] jumped onto the landing gear of a China Airlines plane heading from Taoyuan International Airport to Roman Tmetuchl International Airport in Palau.^[92] An Asiana Airlines pilot who spotted the man informed air traffic control, which caused the China Airlines flight to be aborted,^[93] and the man to be arrested.^[94] Officers of the National Police Agency found a notebook and a Bible both in the Russian language in two backpacks that the man had carried with him.^[95] In February 2020, the man was charged with violating the Immigration Act of Taiwan after refusing to cooperate with authorities and a Russian interpreter, who was a priest from an Russian Orthodox Church.^[96]

See also

•  Taiwan portal
•  Aviation portal

• Taipei Songshan Airport
• Transportation in Taiwan
• Taoyuan Air Base

Notes

1. Chinese: 臺灣桃園國際機場

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External links

• Official website
•   Media related to Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
•   Taoyuan International Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage