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Sonic the Hedgehog (character)

January 02, 2023

"Super Sonic" redirects here. For the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound, see Supersonic speed.
For the protein named after the character, see Sonic hedgehog.

Sonic the Hedgehog[a] is a title character and the main protagonist of the video game series of the same name published by Sega, and appears in numerous spin-off comics, animations, and other media. He is an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who can run at supersonic speeds and curl into a ball, primarily to attack enemies. In most games, Sonic must race through levels, collecting power-up rings and avoiding obstacles and enemies.

Sonic the Hedgehog
Sonic the Hedgehog character
Modern (left) and Classic (right) Sonic designs as they appear in Sonic Generations (2011)
First appearanceRad Mobile (1991)
First gameSonic the Hedgehog (1991)
Created by
Designed by
  • Naoto Ohshima (1991–1997)
  • Yuji Uekawa (1998–present)
Voiced by
Japanese
English
In-universe information
SpeciesHedgehog
GenderMale
OriginSouth Island
Age15[11]
Height100 cm (3 ft 3+1⁄2 in)[11]
Weight35 kg (77 lb)[11]

Programmer Yuji Naka and artist Naoto Ohshima are generally credited with creating Sonic.[12] Most of the games are developed by Sonic Team. The original Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) was released to provide Sega with a mascot to rival Nintendo's flagship character Mario.[13][14] Sonic was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa for Sonic Adventure (1998), with a more mature look designed to appeal to older players.

Sonic is one of the world's best-known video game characters and a gaming icon. His series had sold more than 80 million copies by 2011.[15]

Origins and history

While Sega was seeking a flagship series to compete with Nintendo's Mario series, several character designs were submitted by its research and development department. Many results came forth from their experiments with character design, including an armadillo, a dog, a Theodore Roosevelt look-alike in pajamas (who would later be the basis of Doctor Eggman's design), and a rabbit (who would use its extendable ears to collect objects, an aspect later incorporated in Ristar).[16][17] Naoto Ohshima took some of these internal designs with him on a trip to New York City and sought feedback by asking random passersby at Central Park their opinions; of the designs, the spiky teal hedgehog, initially codenamed "Mr. Hedgehog" (Mr.ハリネズミ, Mr. Harinezumi),[18] led this informal poll, followed by Eggman and the dog character. Ohshima felt that people selected it because it "transcends race and gender and things like that".[19] On return to Japan, Ohshima pitched this to the department, and the hedgehog was ultimately selected as the new mascot.

 
Sonic's character designer Naoto Ohshima (left) with level designer Hirokazu Yasuhara at the 2018 Game Developers Conference.

The detailed design of Sonic was aimed to be something that could be easily drawn by children and be familiar, as well as exhibit a "cool" attitude, representative of the United States at the time.[19] Sonic's blue pigmentation was chosen to match Sega's cobalt blue logo, and his shoes evolved from a design inspired by both Santa Claus[20] and Michael Jackson's boots with the addition of the color red, which was inspired by the contrast of those colors on Jackson's 1987 album Bad; his personality was based on then-presidential candidate and later President of the United States Bill Clinton's "Get it done" attitude during the 1992 presidential campaign.[16][21][22][23] To help sell the idea to Sega's higher-ups, Ohshima pitched the concept framed by a fictional fighter pilot that had earned the name "Hedgehog" due to his spiky hair, and had decorated his plane with images of Sonic. When this pilot retired, he married a children's book author, who wrote stories about the Sonic character, the first which became the plot for the first Sonic game; Ohshima stated that this influence can be seen in the logo of the game, which features Sonic in a pilot's wing emblem.[19]

The origins of Sonic can be traced farther back to a tech demo created by Yuji Naka, who had developed an algorithm that allowed a sprite to move smoothly on a curve by determining its position with a dot matrix. Naka's original prototype was a platform game that involved a fast-moving character rolling in a ball through a long winding tube, and this concept was subsequently fleshed out with Oshima's character design and levels conceived by designer Hirokazu Yasuhara.[24]

Sonic was created without the ability to swim because of a mistaken assumption by Yuji Naka that all hedgehogs could not do so.[25] A group of fifteen people started working on the first Sonic the Hedgehog game, and renamed themselves Sonic Team. The game's soundtrack was composed by Masato Nakamura of the band Dreams Come True. Sega sponsored the group's "Wonder 3" tour, painting Sonic on the tour bus, distributing pamphlets advertising the game, and having footage of the game broadcast above stage prior to its release.[26] The original concepts gave Sonic fangs and put him in a band with a human girlfriend named Madonna. However, a team from Sega of America, led by Madeline Schroeder, who calls herself "Sonic's mother,"[16] "softened" the character up for an American audience by removing those elements. This sparked a heated issue with Sonic Team. Naka later admitted that it was probably for the best.[16]

Sonic's appearance varies greatly depending on the medium and the style in which he is drawn. In the video games, Sonic's original design by Oshima was short and round, with short quills, a round body, and no visible irises. Artwork featuring this design and drawn by Akira Watanabe was displayed on the package artwork for Sonic the Hedgehog.[27] Sonic's proportions would change for the release of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 on the Mega Drive; Sonic's head to height ratio was changed from 1:2 to 1:2.5.[27] For the 1998 release of Sonic Adventure, Sonic was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa as a character with longer legs and a less spherical body, longer and more drooping quills, and green-colored irises. For the 2006 game, Sonic was redesigned to make him look adult-like and taller to appeal to the next generation players.[28] This was also done because Sonic would interact with humans more often and his design was supposed to fit.[29] An alternative "Werehog" form was introduced in Sonic Unleashed, placing more emphasis on Sonic's melee skills rather than speed. Although Tetsu Katano acknowledged the large negative fan response to the Werehog, he believes it could return in a future game.[30]

Bob Raffei, CEO of Sonic Boom developer Big Red Button, stated that Sonic Boom's Sonic is "very different... both in tone and art direction."[31]

Voice portrayal

 
Roger Craig Smith (pictured in July 2021) has been the voice actor for the character in most English language media since 2010.

Sonic originally had a few voice samples in Sonic CD, with designer Masato Nishimura providing the voice. Sonic's first true voice actor was Takeshi Kusao for the arcade game SegaSonic the Hedgehog, with Junichi Kanemaru continually voicing the role beginning with the release of Sonic Adventure. Kanemaru also voices Sonic in Sonic X, Sonic Boom, and the Japanese dub of the Wreck-It Ralph films. In Sonic Unleashed, Sonic was voiced by Tomokazu Seki while in Werehog form. Jaleel White voiced the character in the DiC animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic SatAM, and Sonic Underground.[32] Sam Vincent provided his singing voice in the latter DiC cartoon.

Starting with Sonic Adventure, Sonic was voiced in English by Ryan Drummond.[4] Drummond was replaced by Jason Griffith starting from Sonic X, with Griffith voicing Sonic within the games starting with Shadow The Hedgehog in 2005.[1][5] Griffith was replaced by Roger Craig Smith, starting with Sonic Free Riders and Sonic Colors.[33] Smith announced on his Twitter account on January 29, 2021, that he would no longer voice Sonic, with his departure confirmed by Sega the same day.[7][8][34] On May 26, 2021, Smith and Sega confirmed that he was voicing Sonic once again.[35][36] Ben Schwartz voiced Sonic in the 2020 feature film and reprised his role for its 2022 sequel.[9][37] Canadian actor Deven Mack voices Sonic in the Sonic Prime animated series.[10]

Appearances

Video games

See also: Sonic the Hedgehog (series) and List of Sonic the Hedgehog video games

Sonic's first shown appearance in a video game was in the 1991 arcade racing game Rad Mobile, as a decorative ornament hanging from a rearview mirror.[38] This was followed by an unlicensed appearance in The Adventures of Quik & Silva as a villain. Sonic's first playable appearance was in the platform game Sonic the Hedgehog for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, which also introduced his nemesis Dr. Robotnik. His two-tailed fox friend Tails joined him in the game's 1992 sequel, Sonic the Hedgehog 2. Sonic CD, released in 1993, introduced Sonic's self-appointed girlfriend Amy Rose and recurring robotic doppelgänger Metal Sonic as Sonic traveled through time to ensure a good future for the world. Sonic 3 and its direct sequel Sonic & Knuckles, both released in 1994, saw Sonic and Tails battle Robotnik again, with the additional threat of Knuckles, who is tricked by Robotnik into thinking Sonic is a threat. Sonic 4 (2010–2012) continues where the story of Sonic 3 left off, reducing Sonic to the only playable character and releasing in episodic installments. The second episode sees the return of both Tails as Sonic's sidekick and Metal Sonic as a recurring enemy.

Other two-dimensional platformers starring Sonic include Sonic Chaos (1993), Sonic Triple Trouble (1994), Sonic Blast (1996), Sonic the Hedgehog Pocket Adventure (1999), Sonic Advance (2001), Sonic Advance 2 (2002), Sonic Advance 3 (2004), Sonic Rush (2005), Sonic Rush Adventure (2007), Sonic Colors (2010), and Sonic Generations (2011), all in which were released for handheld consoles.

Sonic Adventure (1998) was Sonic Team's return to the character for a major game. It featured Sonic returning from vacation to find the city of Station Square under attack by a new foe named Chaos, under the control of Dr. Robotnik (now known as Dr. Eggman). It was also the first Sonic game to feature a complete voice-over. Sonic Adventure 2 (2001) placed Sonic on-the-run from the military (G.U.N.) after being mistaken for Shadow the Hedgehog. Sonic Heroes (2003) featured Sonic teaming up with Tails and Knuckles, along with other character teams like Team Rose and Chaotix, against the newly rebuilt Metal Sonic, who had betrayed his master with intentions of world domination. Sonic the Hedgehog (2006) features Sonic in the city of water, "Soleanna," where he must rescue Princess Elise from Dr. Eggman while trying to avoid a new threat to his own life, Silver the Hedgehog. He is the only playable character in Sonic Unleashed (2008), in which he unwillingly gains a new personality, "Sonic the Werehog," the result of Sonic being fused with Dark Gaia's power. He gains strength and flexibility in exchange for his speed, and new friends including a strange creature named Chip who helps him along the way. In Sonic Colors (2010), Eggman tries to harness the energy of alien beings known as "Wisps" for a mind-control beam. Sonic Generations (2011) features two playable incarnations of Sonic: the younger "classic" Sonic, whose gameplay is presented in a style reminiscent of the Mega Drive/Genesis games, and present-day "modern" Sonic, who uses the gameplay style present in Unleashed and Colors, going through stages from past games to save their friends. Sonic Generations features various theme songs including modern and retro versions that are able to be selected from throughout Sonic's twenty-year history.[39] In April 2013, Sega announced that Sonic Lost World would launch in October 2013 for the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS.[40]

Sonic and the Secret Rings (2007) features Sonic in the storybook world of One Thousand and One Nights. A sequel, Sonic and the Black Knight (2009), continued the storybook theme, this time taking place within the realm of the Arthurian legend.

Sonic has also been featured in other games of many genres other than 2D and 3D platform games. These include Sonic Spinball, Sonic Labyrinth (1995), the racing games Sonic Drift (1994), Sonic Drift 2 (1995), Sonic R (1996), Sonic Riders (2006), Sonic Rivals (2006), Sonic Rivals 2 (2007), Sonic Riders: Zero Gravity (2008), and Sonic Free Riders (2010), the fighting games Sonic the Fighters (1996) and Sonic Battle (2003), the mobile game Sonic Jump (2005), and the role-playing video game Sonic Chronicles: The Dark Brotherhood (2008).

Video games such as Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine (1993), Knuckles' Chaotix (1995), Tails' Skypatrol (1995), Tails Adventure (1995), and Shadow the Hedgehog (2005) starred supporting characters of the Sonic series, although Sonic himself cameos in most of them.

Cameos and crossovers

Sonic makes cameos in various other games, such as Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg as a power-up, in the main hallway in Phantasy Star Universe, and in the 2008 remake of Samba de Amigo. He is also a playable character in Christmas NiGHTS into Dreams. Nintendo, Sega's former rival, references Sonic in Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest, by showing Sonic's shoes next to a trash can that reads "No Hopers" on the Cranky's Video Game Heroes screen.[41]

Sonic has appeared in several crossover games, including playable appearances in Super Smash Bros. Brawl (2008), Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U (2014), and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate (2018), Lego Dimensions (2015),[42][43] and Cookie Run: Kingdom (2021). He appears in the crossover party game series Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games and is also a playable character in all three Sega Superstars games.[44][45][46] An official Sonic the Hedgehog skin is available in the platformer battle royale game Fall Guys.[47][48] Sonic appears as a playable character in Puyo Puyo Tetris 2 via free update. An official Sonic the Hedgehog world with skins are available with DLC in Minecraft.[49][50]

Animation

The first three animated series featuring Sonic were created by the international company DiC. The first of these series, Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, premiered in 1993, and depicts Sonic and his friend Tails opposing Doctor Ivo Robotnik and his robots on the planet Mobius. Another animated series premiering the same year, simply titled Sonic the Hedgehog, depicts Sonic and a group of rebels aiming to defeat Robotnik in a futuristic version of Mobius. The third animated series, Sonic Underground, premiered in 1999, and features Sonic as the protagonist alongside his siblings Sonia and Manic.

In 1996, a two-part OVA, Sonic the Hedgehog, was released in Japan. For the American release, the two episodes combined and released as Sonic the Hedgehog: The Movie by ADV Films.[51] A new series, Sonic X, began airing in 2003. The 78-episode anime series detailed Sonic's struggle to protect the Chaos Emeralds from Eggman and new villains. Featuring a cross-world and interstellar journey, Sonic X depicted Sonic and his human friend Chris Thorndyke in quests to save the world. Sonic: Night of the Werehog is a short film produced by Sega's VE Animation Studio, released to coincide with the release of Sonic Unleashed. In the film, Sonic and Chip enter a haunted house, and must deal with two ghosts trying to scare them in attempt to win the heart of the girl ghost. Sonic also makes multiple cameo appearances in the Disney films, Wreck-It Ralph and its sequel Ralph Breaks the Internet.[52]

In October 2013, Sega announced a CGI animated series, Sonic Boom.[53] The show ran for 104 11-minute episodes between 2014 and 2017 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. and the UK, and Canal J and Gulli in France. Sonic makes several appearances in 2014 anime Hi-sCoool! SeHa Girls[54][55][56] and guest-stars in the OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes episode "Let's Meet Sonic".[57]

In February 2021, Sonic Prime was announced by Netflix with a 2022 release window,[58] though the series' development was initially revealed in a deleted tweet in December 2020.[59] The show will primarily be for children ages six to eleven, as well as longtime fans of the franchise.[60] In October 2022, Netflix sets its release for December.[61]

Live-action films

Main articles: Sonic the Hedgehog (film) and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (film)
 
Jim Carrey, who plays Dr. Robotnik for the live-action films, posing with an individual dressed in a mascot costume that replicates Sonic's redesigned appearance.

On June 10, 2014, a film based on the Sonic series was announced. Simply known as Sonic the Hedgehog, it was produced by Neal Moritz on his Original Film banner alongside Takeshi Ito and Mie Onishi, with Toby Ascher as executive producer. The film was written by Pat Casey and Josh Miller and produced as a joint venture between Paramount Pictures and Marza Animation Planet. The film is a live-action and CGI hybrid.[62] The movie was filmed in 2018, with a release date initially set for November 8, 2019. Upon the release of the film's first trailer in late April 2019, however, Sonic's appearance was heavily criticized, leading to the director, Jeff Fowler, to announce a redesign of him, pushing back the release date to February 14, 2020.[37] The second trailer for the film was released on November 12, 2019, featuring the redesign, which drew in a far more positive response from both fans and critics alike. In the first film, it centers on Sonic, born with supersonic speed powers and abilities, who befriends the sheriff named Tom Wachowski, to stop the villainous Dr. Robotnik who plots to have Sonic's speed powers for world domination.[63] A sequel, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, was released on April 8, 2022, and it centers on Sonic and Tails on a race to prevent Robotnik and Knuckles from getting the hands on the Master Emerald.[64]

The original design of Sonic from the first movie's initial trailer appears in Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, voiced by Tim Robinson. Named "Ugly Sonic", he is portrayed as a washed up actor looking to make a comeback after he was kicked off the film.[65]

Print media

Main article: List of Sonic the Hedgehog printed media
Further information: Sonic the Hedgehog (comics)

Sonic's first comic appearance was in a promotional comic printed in Disney Adventures magazine (and also given away as a free pull-out with a copy of Mean Machines magazine), which established a backstory for the character involving the origin of his color and abilities and the transformation of kindly scientist Dr. Ovi Kintobor into the evil Dr. Ivo Robotnik. Numerous British publications, including "Sega handbook" Stay Sonic (1993), four novels published by Virgin Books (1993–1994) and the comic book Sonic the Comic (1993–2001), published by Fleetway Publications/Egmont Publishing, used this premise as their basis.[66]

The American comics published by Archie Comics, Sonic the Hedgehog (1993–2017), Sonic X (2005–2008), and Sonic Universe (2009–2017) are based on the settings established by earlier animated TV series, the ABC "SatAM" cartoon, the Sonic X anime, and an expansion to the series, respectively. The former series is currently the second longest-running licensed comic series in the history of American comic books, second only to Marvel's Conan series (first issue released in 1970). In France two comic books named "Sonic Adventures" were published by Sirène in 1994. Guinness World Records recognized Sonic comic as the longest-running comic based on a game.[67] Archie Comics also released a twelve part crossover with Mega Man beginning in 2013.[67] The Archie comics were later succeeded by a new comic series by IDW Publishing in 2018, which is currently ongoing.

Sonic has also been featured in two different manga. One series was simply called Sonic the Hedgehog, and featured a story about a normal hedgehog boy named Nicky who can change into Sonic.[68] The other series was a compilation of short stories and was separated into two volumes, the first being called Dash and Spin, and the other called Super Fast Sonic!!.

Characteristics

According to various official materials from Sega, Sonic is described as a character who is "like the wind":[69] a drifter who lives as he wants,[70] and makes life a series of events and adventures.[71] Sonic hates oppression and staunchly defends freedom.[72] Although he is mostly quick-witted and easygoing,[70] he has a short temper[70] and is often impatient with slower things.[69] Sonic is a habitual daredevil hedgehog who is honest, loyal to friends, keeps his promises,[71] and dislikes tears.[73] He took the young Tails under his wing like a little brother,[74] and is uninterested in marital proposals from Amy Rose.[75] In times of crisis, he focuses intensely on the challenge[69] as if his personality had undergone an astonishing change.[71]

Sonic's greatest strength is his running speed, being known in the game's universe as the world's fastest hedgehog.[72] Many of his abilities are variations on the tendency for hedgehogs to roll into tight balls for protection with the addition of spinning his body. Since his introduction in 1991's Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic's primary offensive maneuver is the basic "Spin Attack" (or "Sonic Spin Attack").[76] Later games in the series expanded on this basic attack and two of these enhancements have become mainstays of his: the Spin Dash which was introduced in Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and involves Sonic spinning on the spot before blasting off at full speed,[77] and the Homing Attack, officially introduced in Sonic Adventure, in which Sonic dashes toward a target in midair.[72] Sonic's only weakness is that he cannot swim, sinking like a rock if plunged to a deep body of water.[73] The reason for this is because Yuji Naka had a misunderstanding about hedgehogs not being able to swim.[78] The only exception is that he can swim in the Sonic the Hedgehog Adventure Gamebooks.[79] When the seven Chaos Emeralds are collected and used, Sonic transforms into "Super Sonic" (スーパーソニック), a faster, stronger and invulnerable version of himself that can fly.[80] In Super Sonic form, Sonic's irises turn red and his body becomes golden.

Reception and legacy

 
Graffiti artwork of Sonic the Hedgehog seen in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 2011

As Sega's mascot and one of the key reasons for the company's success during the 16-bit era of video game consoles, Sonic is one of the most famous video game characters in the world. In 1993, Sonic became the first video game character to have a balloon in Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.[13] In 1996, Sonic was also the first video game character to be seen in a Rose Parade. Sonic was one of the three game characters inducted on the inaugural Walk of Game class in 2005, along with former rivals Mario and Link (both from Nintendo).[81] One of a class of genes involved in fruit fly embryonic development, called hedgehog genes, has been named "sonic hedgehog" after him.[82]

On the other hand, Sonic's apparent romantic relationship with Princess Elise in the 2006 video game resulted in major criticism.[83][84] Sonic's characterization and relationship with Eggman in Sonic Boom earned a positive response by Patrick Lee of The A.V. Club and Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media.[85]

Sonic has also been used as a symbol for Sega's various sponsorships. Between 1993 and 1997, Sega sponsored the JEF United Ichihara Chiba football team, during which period Sonic appeared in the team's uniform.[86] During the 1993 Formula One championship, Sega sponsored the Williams Grand Prix team, which won the Constructors' Championship that year, as well as the team's lead driver, Alain Prost, winning the Drivers' Championship.[87] Sonic was featured in the cars, helmets, and their rivals McLaren used to paint a squashed hedgehog after winning races over Williams.[88] The 1993 European Grand Prix featured a Sonic balloon and Sonic billboards. In 1992, according to Sega of America marketing director Al Nilsen, Sonic was found to be more recognizable than Mickey Mouse in the six-to eleven-year-old demographic, based on the character's respective Q Scores, although this claim could not be confirmed by Q Score developer Marketing Evaluations, Inc.[89][90]

Nintendo Power listed Sonic as their sixth favorite hero, stating that while he was originally Mario's nemesis, he seems at home on Nintendo platforms. They added that he has remained as one of gaming's greatest icons.[91] In 2004, the character won a Golden Joystick Award for "The Sun Ultimate Gaming Hero".[92] The character's popularity declined in the mid-1990s, and Sonic failed to place in Electronic Gaming Monthly's Coolest Mascot of 1996 in either the editors' or readers' picks, being beaten out by not only competitors Mario and Crash Bandicoot, but Sega's own Nights; however, in a 2008 poll of 500 people, Sonic was voted the most popular video game character in the UK with a 24% vote while his old rival Mario came second with 21% of the vote.[93][94][95] Later that year, Sonic was ranked as the most iconic video game character in an MSN rankings list.[96] In 2011, Empire ranked him as the 14th greatest video game character.[97] And he was voted 10th out of the top 50 video game characters of all time in Guinness World Records 2011 Gamers' Edition.[98] Sonic ranked ninth on GameDaily's Top 10 Smash Bros characters list.[99] GameDaily also listed his "next-generation stumble" in their list of video game characters' worst moments, using his relationship with a human female as one of the worst parts of it.[100]

Ken Balough, Sega's former associate brand manager, said that Sonic's appeal endured because the character is "a gaming legend, first and foremost" who originated "from a series of games that defined a generation in gaming history, and his iconic personality was the epitome of speed in the early ‘90s, pushing the limits of what gamers knew and expected from high-speed action and platforming games."[101]

A Japanese team developing the Radio & Plasma Wave Investigation (RPWI) instrumentation for the upcoming Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer spacecraft, to be launched by ESA and Airbus in 2022, was able to gain Sega's approval to use Sonic as the mascot for the device.[102]

An Internet meme called "Sanic" has been used based on a poorly drawn Sonic; typically, the meme uses one of Sonic's catchphrases but with poor grammar. Sega's official Sonic Twitter account has made numerous references to it,[103] and it appeared in official downloadable content for Sonic Forces on in-game shirts.[104] The meme also appears as a drawing in the theatrical film.[105]

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ, Hepburn: Sonikku za Hejjihoggu

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Sonic the Hedgehog Voices". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 30 January 2021. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its closing credits and/or other reliable sources of information.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  2. ^ "Sonic The Hedgehog – Sonic In Sydney (1997, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  3. ^ "Sonic Live in Sydney (Full & Complete CD - 1997 - Sega World Sydney)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Orr, John (27 July 2011). "Seen and heard: The wide-ranging career of Ryan Drummond". MercuryNews.com. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Zetman Blu-Ray". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  6. ^ "English Video Game Actors Join Disney's Wreck-It Ralph Cast". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  7. ^ a b Tuff, Adam (28 January 2021). "Roger Craig Smith Hints Departure from Sonic Voice Acting Role". The Sonic Stadium. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  8. ^ a b Roger Craig Smith [@RogerCraigSmith] (28 January 2021). "Welp, 10 years was an amazing run. Onward to new zones! Much love to the fans who've been so kind. 💙 It's been an honor. 🦔" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  9. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (August 8, 2018). "Ben Schwartz to Voice 'Sonic the Hedgehog' in Upcoming Movie (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety.
  10. ^ a b Lada, Jenni (May 3, 2022). "Here's How Sonic the Hedgehog Looks in Netflix's Sonic Prime Show". siliconera.
  11. ^ a b c SEGA, (C). . SEGA | ソニックチャンネル. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  12. ^ Horowitz, Ken (June 22, 2005). . Sega-16. Archived from the original on November 14, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Kennedy, Sam. . 1up.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2004. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  14. ^ Davis, Cameron and Shoemaker, Brad , GameSpot. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
  15. ^ The Sonic franchise had sold approximately 80 million units as of June 2011: See Smith, Jamin (June 23, 2011). "Sonic the Hedgehog celebrates his 20th birthday". VideoGamer.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016. In addition, Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games sold 3.28 million copies and Sonic Generations sold 1.85 million units as of the end of March 2012, Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed sold 1.36 million units as of the end of March 2013, Sonic Lost World sold 710,000 units as of March 2014, and Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric/Sonic Boom: Shattered Crystal sold 620,000 units as of March 2015. See "Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements Year Ended March 31, 2012" (PDF). Sega Sammy Holdings. May 11, 2012. p. 6. Retrieved September 8, 2016.; "FY Ended March 2013 Full Year Results Presentation" (PDF). Sega Sammy Holdings. May 13, 2013. p. 21. Retrieved September 8, 2016.; "FY Ended March 2014 Full Year Results Presentation" (PDF). Sega Sammy Holdings. May 12, 2014. p. 21. Retrieved September 8, 2016.; and "Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements Year Ended March 31, 2015" (PDF). Sega Sammy Holdings. May 11, 2015. p. 6. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  16. ^ a b c d Sonic the Hedgehog GameTap Retrospective. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  17. ^ . October 1992. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
  18. ^ Naka, Yūji [@nakayuji] (January 24, 2021). "悔しいのでもう一度挑戦しましたがもっと判らなかった感じです。「セガの看板キャラクターであるソニック。世に出る前に彼に付けられていた名前を選べ」と言う問題が判りませんでした。作った人なのにね セガい共通テスト受験終了！ segatest.sega.com/segatest/share/jp/finish.html #SEGA60th #セガい共通テスト #SEGATEST" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

    Okunari, Yosuke [@okunari] (January 24, 2021). "これ、大島さんのラフの横に書かれた「Mr.ハリネズミ」という文字をアメリカ人が英訳した表現を言っているので、「ミスター・ニードルマウス」だと生みの親であっても日本人には？？？となりますよねw" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

    Naka, Yūji [@nakayuji] (January 24, 2021). "なんだそれ。Mr.ハリネズミだとMr.hedgehogになるのでは？誰がミスターニードルマウスと言ったのかなあ" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

    Okunari, Yosuke [@okunari] (January 24, 2021). "多分ソースは北米ファンサイトがどこかの雑誌か映像から拾った画像かと思われます info.sonicretro.org/Mr._Needlemouse" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

    Naka, Yūji [@nakayuji] (January 24, 2021). "これファンが言っていたのだとすると、世に出る前と言う問題はおかしいよね？ まあ「はり」「ねずみ」をそれぞれ英訳したんだろうけど、使った覚えのないミスターニードルマウスって違和感あるよ。まあ正解はしたけどね。" (Tweet) – via Twitter.



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External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Sonic the Hedgehog (character).
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sonic the Hedgehog (character).
  • Official character profiles on and (archived)
  • Sonic the Hedgehog on Sonic Channel (in Japanese)
  • on IMDb

January 02, 2023
sonic, hedgehog, character, super, sonic, redirects, here, speed, object, that, exceeds, speed, sound, supersonic, speed, protein, named, after, character, sonic, hedgehog, sonic, hedgehog, title, character, main, protagonist, video, game, series, same, name, . Super Sonic redirects here For the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound see Supersonic speed For the protein named after the character see Sonic hedgehog Sonic the Hedgehog a is a title character and the main protagonist of the video game series of the same name published by Sega and appears in numerous spin off comics animations and other media He is an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who can run at supersonic speeds and curl into a ball primarily to attack enemies In most games Sonic must race through levels collecting power up rings and avoiding obstacles and enemies Sonic the HedgehogSonic the Hedgehog characterModern left and Classic right Sonic designs as they appear in Sonic Generations 2011 First appearanceRad Mobile 1991 First gameSonic the Hedgehog 1991 Created byNaoto OhshimaYuji NakaDesigned byNaoto Ohshima 1991 1997 Yuji Uekawa 1998 present Voiced byJapanese Takeshi Kusao 1991 1993 1 Toshio Furukawa commercials 1 Masato Nishimura Sonic the Hedgehog CD Masami Kikuchi 1996 OVA Jun ichi Kanemaru 1998 present 1 Tomokazu Seki Sonic Unleashed Werehog form Taishi Nakagawa live action films English Jaleel White Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog Sonic the Hedgehog Sonic Underground 1 Meg Inglima Sonic s Schoolhouse 1 Paula Arundell Sonic Live in Sydney 2 3 Martin Burke 1996 OVA 1 Ryan Drummond 1998 2004 4 Sam Vincent Sonic Underground singing voice 1 Jason Griffith 2003 2010 1 5 Roger Craig Smith 2010 present 1 6 7 8 Ben Schwartz live action films 9 Benjamin L Valic Young Sonic 2020 film 1 Deven Mack Sonic Prime 10 In universe informationSpeciesHedgehogGenderMaleOriginSouth IslandAge15 11 Height100 cm 3 ft 3 1 2 in 11 Weight35 kg 77 lb 11 Programmer Yuji Naka and artist Naoto Ohshima are generally credited with creating Sonic 12 Most of the games are developed by Sonic Team The original Sonic the Hedgehog 1991 was released to provide Sega with a mascot to rival Nintendo s flagship character Mario 13 14 Sonic was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa for Sonic Adventure 1998 with a more mature look designed to appeal to older players Sonic is one of the world s best known video game characters and a gaming icon His series had sold more than 80 million copies by 2011 15 Contents 1 Origins and history 1 1 Voice portrayal 2 Appearances 2 1 Video games 2 1 1 Cameos and crossovers 2 2 Animation 2 3 Live action films 2 4 Print media 3 Characteristics 4 Reception and legacy 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksOrigins and historyWhile Sega was seeking a flagship series to compete with Nintendo s Mario series several character designs were submitted by its research and development department Many results came forth from their experiments with character design including an armadillo a dog a Theodore Roosevelt look alike in pajamas who would later be the basis of Doctor Eggman s design and a rabbit who would use its extendable ears to collect objects an aspect later incorporated in Ristar 16 17 Naoto Ohshima took some of these internal designs with him on a trip to New York City and sought feedback by asking random passersby at Central Park their opinions of the designs the spiky teal hedgehog initially codenamed Mr Hedgehog Mr ハリネズミ Mr Harinezumi 18 led this informal poll followed by Eggman and the dog character Ohshima felt that people selected it because it transcends race and gender and things like that 19 On return to Japan Ohshima pitched this to the department and the hedgehog was ultimately selected as the new mascot Sonic s character designer Naoto Ohshima left with level designer Hirokazu Yasuhara at the 2018 Game Developers Conference The detailed design of Sonic was aimed to be something that could be easily drawn by children and be familiar as well as exhibit a cool attitude representative of the United States at the time 19 Sonic s blue pigmentation was chosen to match Sega s cobalt blue logo and his shoes evolved from a design inspired by both Santa Claus 20 and Michael Jackson s boots with the addition of the color red which was inspired by the contrast of those colors on Jackson s 1987 album Bad his personality was based on then presidential candidate and later President of the United States Bill Clinton s Get it done attitude during the 1992 presidential campaign 16 21 22 23 To help sell the idea to Sega s higher ups Ohshima pitched the concept framed by a fictional fighter pilot that had earned the name Hedgehog due to his spiky hair and had decorated his plane with images of Sonic When this pilot retired he married a children s book author who wrote stories about the Sonic character the first which became the plot for the first Sonic game Ohshima stated that this influence can be seen in the logo of the game which features Sonic in a pilot s wing emblem 19 The origins of Sonic can be traced farther back to a tech demo created by Yuji Naka who had developed an algorithm that allowed a sprite to move smoothly on a curve by determining its position with a dot matrix Naka s original prototype was a platform game that involved a fast moving character rolling in a ball through a long winding tube and this concept was subsequently fleshed out with Oshima s character design and levels conceived by designer Hirokazu Yasuhara 24 Sonic was created without the ability to swim because of a mistaken assumption by Yuji Naka that all hedgehogs could not do so 25 A group of fifteen people started working on the first Sonic the Hedgehog game and renamed themselves Sonic Team The game s soundtrack was composed by Masato Nakamura of the band Dreams Come True Sega sponsored the group s Wonder 3 tour painting Sonic on the tour bus distributing pamphlets advertising the game and having footage of the game broadcast above stage prior to its release 26 The original concepts gave Sonic fangs and put him in a band with a human girlfriend named Madonna However a team from Sega of America led by Madeline Schroeder who calls herself Sonic s mother 16 softened the character up for an American audience by removing those elements This sparked a heated issue with Sonic Team Naka later admitted that it was probably for the best 16 Sonic s appearance varies greatly depending on the medium and the style in which he is drawn In the video games Sonic s original design by Oshima was short and round with short quills a round body and no visible irises Artwork featuring this design and drawn by Akira Watanabe was displayed on the package artwork for Sonic the Hedgehog 27 Sonic s proportions would change for the release of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 on the Mega Drive Sonic s head to height ratio was changed from 1 2 to 1 2 5 27 For the 1998 release of Sonic Adventure Sonic was redesigned by Yuji Uekawa as a character with longer legs and a less spherical body longer and more drooping quills and green colored irises For the 2006 game Sonic was redesigned to make him look adult like and taller to appeal to the next generation players 28 This was also done because Sonic would interact with humans more often and his design was supposed to fit 29 An alternative Werehog form was introduced in Sonic Unleashed placing more emphasis on Sonic s melee skills rather than speed Although Tetsu Katano acknowledged the large negative fan response to the Werehog he believes it could return in a future game 30 Bob Raffei CEO of Sonic Boom developer Big Red Button stated that Sonic Boom s Sonic is very different both in tone and art direction 31 Voice portrayal Roger Craig Smith pictured in July 2021 has been the voice actor for the character in most English language media since 2010 Sonic originally had a few voice samples in Sonic CD with designer Masato Nishimura providing the voice Sonic s first true voice actor was Takeshi Kusao for the arcade game SegaSonic the Hedgehog with Junichi Kanemaru continually voicing the role beginning with the release of Sonic Adventure Kanemaru also voices Sonic in Sonic X Sonic Boom and the Japanese dub of the Wreck It Ralph films In Sonic Unleashed Sonic was voiced by Tomokazu Seki while in Werehog form Jaleel White voiced the character in the DiC animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog Sonic SatAM and Sonic Underground 32 Sam Vincent provided his singing voice in the latter DiC cartoon Starting with Sonic Adventure Sonic was voiced in English by Ryan Drummond 4 Drummond was replaced by Jason Griffith starting from Sonic X with Griffith voicing Sonic within the games starting with Shadow The Hedgehog in 2005 1 5 Griffith was replaced by Roger Craig Smith starting with Sonic Free Riders and Sonic Colors 33 Smith announced on his Twitter account on January 29 2021 that he would no longer voice Sonic with his departure confirmed by Sega the same day 7 8 34 On May 26 2021 Smith and Sega confirmed that he was voicing Sonic once again 35 36 Ben Schwartz voiced Sonic in the 2020 feature film and reprised his role for its 2022 sequel 9 37 Canadian actor Deven Mack voices Sonic in the Sonic Prime animated series 10 AppearancesVideo games See also Sonic the Hedgehog series and List of Sonic the Hedgehog video games Sonic s first shown appearance in a video game was in the 1991 arcade racing game Rad Mobile as a decorative ornament hanging from a rearview mirror 38 This was followed by an unlicensed appearance in The Adventures of Quik amp Silva as a villain Sonic s first playable appearance was in the platform game Sonic the Hedgehog for the Sega Mega Drive Genesis which also introduced his nemesis Dr Robotnik His two tailed fox friend Tails joined him in the game s 1992 sequel Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Sonic CD released in 1993 introduced Sonic s self appointed girlfriend Amy Rose and recurring robotic doppelganger Metal Sonic as Sonic traveled through time to ensure a good future for the world Sonic 3 and its direct sequel Sonic amp Knuckles both released in 1994 saw Sonic and Tails battle Robotnik again with the additional threat of Knuckles who is tricked by Robotnik into thinking Sonic is a threat Sonic 4 2010 2012 continues where the story of Sonic 3 left off reducing Sonic to the only playable character and releasing in episodic installments The second episode sees the return of both Tails as Sonic s sidekick and Metal Sonic as a recurring enemy Other two dimensional platformers starring Sonic include Sonic Chaos 1993 Sonic Triple Trouble 1994 Sonic Blast 1996 Sonic the Hedgehog Pocket Adventure 1999 Sonic Advance 2001 Sonic Advance 2 2002 Sonic Advance 3 2004 Sonic Rush 2005 Sonic Rush Adventure 2007 Sonic Colors 2010 and Sonic Generations 2011 all in which were released for handheld consoles Sonic Adventure 1998 was Sonic Team s return to the character for a major game It featured Sonic returning from vacation to find the city of Station Square under attack by a new foe named Chaos under the control of Dr Robotnik now known as Dr Eggman It was also the first Sonic game to feature a complete voice over Sonic Adventure 2 2001 placed Sonic on the run from the military G U N after being mistaken for Shadow the Hedgehog Sonic Heroes 2003 featured Sonic teaming up with Tails and Knuckles along with other character teams like Team Rose and Chaotix against the newly rebuilt Metal Sonic who had betrayed his master with intentions of world domination Sonic the Hedgehog 2006 features Sonic in the city of water Soleanna where he must rescue Princess Elise from Dr Eggman while trying to avoid a new threat to his own life Silver the Hedgehog He is the only playable character in Sonic Unleashed 2008 in which he unwillingly gains a new personality Sonic the Werehog the result of Sonic being fused with Dark Gaia s power He gains strength and flexibility in exchange for his speed and new friends including a strange creature named Chip who helps him along the way In Sonic Colors 2010 Eggman tries to harness the energy of alien beings known as Wisps for a mind control beam Sonic Generations 2011 features two playable incarnations of Sonic the younger classic Sonic whose gameplay is presented in a style reminiscent of the Mega Drive Genesis games and present day modern Sonic who uses the gameplay style present in Unleashed and Colors going through stages from past games to save their friends Sonic Generations features various theme songs including modern and retro versions that are able to be selected from throughout Sonic s twenty year history 39 In April 2013 Sega announced that Sonic Lost World would launch in October 2013 for the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS 40 Sonic and the Secret Rings 2007 features Sonic in the storybook world of One Thousand and One Nights A sequel Sonic and the Black Knight 2009 continued the storybook theme this time taking place within the realm of the Arthurian legend Sonic has also been featured in other games of many genres other than 2D and 3D platform games These include Sonic Spinball Sonic Labyrinth 1995 the racing games Sonic Drift 1994 Sonic Drift 2 1995 Sonic R 1996 Sonic Riders 2006 Sonic Rivals 2006 Sonic Rivals 2 2007 Sonic Riders Zero Gravity 2008 and Sonic Free Riders 2010 the fighting games Sonic the Fighters 1996 and Sonic Battle 2003 the mobile game Sonic Jump 2005 and the role playing video game Sonic Chronicles The Dark Brotherhood 2008 Video games such as Dr Robotnik s Mean Bean Machine 1993 Knuckles Chaotix 1995 Tails Skypatrol 1995 Tails Adventure 1995 and Shadow the Hedgehog 2005 starred supporting characters of the Sonic series although Sonic himself cameos in most of them Cameos and crossovers Sonic makes cameos in various other games such as Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg as a power up in the main hallway in Phantasy Star Universe and in the 2008 remake of Samba de Amigo He is also a playable character in Christmas NiGHTS into Dreams Nintendo Sega s former rival references Sonic in Donkey Kong Country 2 Diddy s Kong Quest by showing Sonic s shoes next to a trash can that reads No Hopers on the Cranky s Video Game Heroes screen 41 Sonic has appeared in several crossover games including playable appearances in Super Smash Bros Brawl 2008 Super Smash Bros for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U 2014 and Super Smash Bros Ultimate 2018 Lego Dimensions 2015 42 43 and Cookie Run Kingdom 2021 He appears in the crossover party game series Mario amp Sonic at the Olympic Games and is also a playable character in all three Sega Superstars games 44 45 46 An official Sonic the Hedgehog skin is available in the platformer battle royale game Fall Guys 47 48 Sonic appears as a playable character in Puyo Puyo Tetris 2 via free update An official Sonic the Hedgehog world with skins are available with DLC in Minecraft 49 50 Animation The first three animated series featuring Sonic were created by the international company DiC The first of these series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog premiered in 1993 and depicts Sonic and his friend Tails opposing Doctor Ivo Robotnik and his robots on the planet Mobius Another animated series premiering the same year simply titled Sonic the Hedgehog depicts Sonic and a group of rebels aiming to defeat Robotnik in a futuristic version of Mobius The third animated series Sonic Underground premiered in 1999 and features Sonic as the protagonist alongside his siblings Sonia and Manic In 1996 a two part OVA Sonic the Hedgehog was released in Japan For the American release the two episodes combined and released as Sonic the Hedgehog The Movie by ADV Films 51 A new series Sonic X began airing in 2003 The 78 episode anime series detailed Sonic s struggle to protect the Chaos Emeralds from Eggman and new villains Featuring a cross world and interstellar journey Sonic X depicted Sonic and his human friend Chris Thorndyke in quests to save the world Sonic Night of the Werehog is a short film produced by Sega s VE Animation Studio released to coincide with the release of Sonic Unleashed In the film Sonic and Chip enter a haunted house and must deal with two ghosts trying to scare them in attempt to win the heart of the girl ghost Sonic also makes multiple cameo appearances in the Disney films Wreck It Ralph and its sequel Ralph Breaks the Internet 52 In October 2013 Sega announced a CGI animated series Sonic Boom 53 The show ran for 104 11 minute episodes between 2014 and 2017 on Cartoon Network in the U S and the UK and Canal J and Gulli in France Sonic makes several appearances in 2014 anime Hi sCoool SeHa Girls 54 55 56 and guest stars in the OK K O Let s Be Heroes episode Let s Meet Sonic 57 In February 2021 Sonic Prime was announced by Netflix with a 2022 release window 58 though the series development was initially revealed in a deleted tweet in December 2020 59 The show will primarily be for children ages six to eleven as well as longtime fans of the franchise 60 In October 2022 Netflix sets its release for December 61 Live action films Main articles Sonic the Hedgehog film and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 film Jim Carrey who plays Dr Robotnik for the live action films posing with an individual dressed in a mascot costume that replicates Sonic s redesigned appearance On June 10 2014 a film based on the Sonic series was announced Simply known as Sonic the Hedgehog it was produced by Neal Moritz on his Original Film banner alongside Takeshi Ito and Mie Onishi with Toby Ascher as executive producer The film was written by Pat Casey and Josh Miller and produced as a joint venture between Paramount Pictures and Marza Animation Planet The film is a live action and CGI hybrid 62 The movie was filmed in 2018 with a release date initially set for November 8 2019 Upon the release of the film s first trailer in late April 2019 however Sonic s appearance was heavily criticized leading to the director Jeff Fowler to announce a redesign of him pushing back the release date to February 14 2020 37 The second trailer for the film was released on November 12 2019 featuring the redesign which drew in a far more positive response from both fans and critics alike In the first film it centers on Sonic born with supersonic speed powers and abilities who befriends the sheriff named Tom Wachowski to stop the villainous Dr Robotnik who plots to have Sonic s speed powers for world domination 63 A sequel Sonic the Hedgehog 2 was released on April 8 2022 and it centers on Sonic and Tails on a race to prevent Robotnik and Knuckles from getting the hands on the Master Emerald 64 The original design of Sonic from the first movie s initial trailer appears in Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers voiced by Tim Robinson Named Ugly Sonic he is portrayed as a washed up actor looking to make a comeback after he was kicked off the film 65 Print media Main article List of Sonic the Hedgehog printed media Further information Sonic the Hedgehog comics Sonic s first comic appearance was in a promotional comic printed in Disney Adventures magazine and also given away as a free pull out with a copy of Mean Machines magazine which established a backstory for the character involving the origin of his color and abilities and the transformation of kindly scientist Dr Ovi Kintobor into the evil Dr Ivo Robotnik Numerous British publications including Sega handbook Stay Sonic 1993 four novels published by Virgin Books 1993 1994 and the comic book Sonic the Comic 1993 2001 published by Fleetway Publications Egmont Publishing used this premise as their basis 66 The American comics published by Archie Comics Sonic the Hedgehog 1993 2017 Sonic X 2005 2008 and Sonic Universe 2009 2017 are based on the settings established by earlier animated TV series the ABC SatAM cartoon the Sonic X anime and an expansion to the series respectively The former series is currently the second longest running licensed comic series in the history of American comic books second only to Marvel s Conan series first issue released in 1970 In France two comic books named Sonic Adventures were published by Sirene in 1994 Guinness World Records recognized Sonic comic as the longest running comic based on a game 67 Archie Comics also released a twelve part crossover with Mega Man beginning in 2013 67 The Archie comics were later succeeded by a new comic series by IDW Publishing in 2018 which is currently ongoing Sonic has also been featured in two different manga One series was simply called Sonic the Hedgehog and featured a story about a normal hedgehog boy named Nicky who can change into Sonic 68 The other series was a compilation of short stories and was separated into two volumes the first being called Dash and Spin and the other called Super Fast Sonic CharacteristicsAccording to various official materials from Sega Sonic is described as a character who is like the wind 69 a drifter who lives as he wants 70 and makes life a series of events and adventures 71 Sonic hates oppression and staunchly defends freedom 72 Although he is mostly quick witted and easygoing 70 he has a short temper 70 and is often impatient with slower things 69 Sonic is a habitual daredevil hedgehog who is honest loyal to friends keeps his promises 71 and dislikes tears 73 He took the young Tails under his wing like a little brother 74 and is uninterested in marital proposals from Amy Rose 75 In times of crisis he focuses intensely on the challenge 69 as if his personality had undergone an astonishing change 71 Sonic s greatest strength is his running speed being known in the game s universe as the world s fastest hedgehog 72 Many of his abilities are variations on the tendency for hedgehogs to roll into tight balls for protection with the addition of spinning his body Since his introduction in 1991 s Sonic the Hedgehog Sonic s primary offensive maneuver is the basic Spin Attack or Sonic Spin Attack 76 Later games in the series expanded on this basic attack and two of these enhancements have become mainstays of his the Spin Dash which was introduced in Sonic the Hedgehog 2 and involves Sonic spinning on the spot before blasting off at full speed 77 and the Homing Attack officially introduced in Sonic Adventure in which Sonic dashes toward a target in midair 72 Sonic s only weakness is that he cannot swim sinking like a rock if plunged to a deep body of water 73 The reason for this is because Yuji Naka had a misunderstanding about hedgehogs not being able to swim 78 The only exception is that he can swim in the Sonic the Hedgehog Adventure Gamebooks 79 When the seven Chaos Emeralds are collected and used Sonic transforms into Super Sonic スーパーソニック a faster stronger and invulnerable version of himself that can fly 80 In Super Sonic form Sonic s irises turn red and his body becomes golden Reception and legacy Graffiti artwork of Sonic the Hedgehog seen in Porto Alegre Brazil in 2011 As Sega s mascot and one of the key reasons for the company s success during the 16 bit era of video game consoles Sonic is one of the most famous video game characters in the world In 1993 Sonic became the first video game character to have a balloon in Macy s Thanksgiving Day Parade 13 In 1996 Sonic was also the first video game character to be seen in a Rose Parade Sonic was one of the three game characters inducted on the inaugural Walk of Game class in 2005 along with former rivals Mario and Link both from Nintendo 81 One of a class of genes involved in fruit fly embryonic development called hedgehog genes has been named sonic hedgehog after him 82 On the other hand Sonic s apparent romantic relationship with Princess Elise in the 2006 video game resulted in major criticism 83 84 Sonic s characterization and relationship with Eggman in Sonic Boom earned a positive response by Patrick Lee of The A V Club and Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media 85 Sonic has also been used as a symbol for Sega s various sponsorships Between 1993 and 1997 Sega sponsored the JEF United Ichihara Chiba football team during which period Sonic appeared in the team s uniform 86 During the 1993 Formula One championship Sega sponsored the Williams Grand Prix team which won the Constructors Championship that year as well as the team s lead driver Alain Prost winning the Drivers Championship 87 Sonic was featured in the cars helmets and their rivals McLaren used to paint a squashed hedgehog after winning races over Williams 88 The 1993 European Grand Prix featured a Sonic balloon and Sonic billboards In 1992 according to Sega of America marketing director Al Nilsen Sonic was found to be more recognizable than Mickey Mouse in the six to eleven year old demographic based on the character s respective Q Scores although this claim could not be confirmed by Q Score developer Marketing Evaluations Inc 89 90 Nintendo Power listed Sonic as their sixth favorite hero stating that while he was originally Mario s nemesis he seems at home on Nintendo platforms They added that he has remained as one of gaming s greatest icons 91 In 2004 the character won a Golden Joystick Award for The Sun Ultimate Gaming Hero 92 The character s popularity declined in the mid 1990s and Sonic failed to place in Electronic Gaming Monthly s Coolest Mascot of 1996 in either the editors or readers picks being beaten out by not only competitors Mario and Crash Bandicoot but Sega s own Nights however in a 2008 poll of 500 people Sonic was voted the most popular video game character in the UK with a 24 vote while his old rival Mario came second with 21 of the vote 93 94 95 Later that year Sonic was ranked as the most iconic video game character in an MSN rankings list 96 In 2011 Empire ranked him as the 14th greatest video game character 97 And he was voted 10th out of the top 50 video game characters of all time in Guinness World Records 2011 Gamers Edition 98 Sonic ranked ninth on GameDaily s Top 10 Smash Bros characters list 99 GameDaily also listed his next generation stumble in their list of video game characters worst moments using his relationship with a human female as one of the worst parts of it 100 Ken Balough Sega s former associate brand manager said that Sonic s appeal endured because the character is a gaming legend first and foremost who originated from a series of games that defined a generation in gaming history and his iconic personality was the epitome of speed in the early 90s pushing the limits of what gamers knew and expected from high speed action and platforming games 101 A Japanese team developing the Radio amp Plasma Wave Investigation RPWI instrumentation for the upcoming Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer spacecraft to be launched by ESA and Airbus in 2022 was able to gain Sega s approval to use Sonic as the mascot for the device 102 An Internet meme called Sanic has been used based on a poorly drawn Sonic typically the meme uses one of Sonic s catchphrases but with poor grammar Sega s official Sonic Twitter account has made numerous references to it 103 and it appeared in official downloadable content for Sonic Forces on in game shirts 104 The meme also appears as a drawing in the theatrical film 105 Notes Japanese ソニック ザ ヘッジホッグ Hepburn Sonikku za HejjihogguReferences a b c d e f g h i j k Sonic the Hedgehog Voices Behind The Voice Actors Retrieved 30 January 2021 A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot or collage of screenshots of a title s list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its closing credits and or other reliable sources of information a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint postscript link Sonic The Hedgehog Sonic In Sydney 1997 CD Discogs Retrieved June 11 2021 Sonic Live in Sydney Full amp Complete CD 1997 Sega World Sydney YouTube Archived from the original on 2021 11 03 Retrieved June 11 2021 a b Orr John 27 July 2011 Seen and heard The wide ranging career of Ryan Drummond MercuryNews com Retrieved July 30 2017 a b Zetman Blu Ray Anime News Network Retrieved July 22 2017 English Video Game Actors Join Disney s Wreck It Ralph Cast Anime News Network Retrieved July 22 2017 a b Tuff Adam 28 January 2021 Roger Craig Smith Hints Departure from Sonic Voice Acting Role The Sonic Stadium Retrieved 29 January 2021 a b Roger Craig Smith RogerCraigSmith 28 January 2021 Welp 10 years was an amazing run Onward to new zones Much love to the fans who ve been so kind It s been an honor Tweet via Twitter a b Kroll Justin August 8 2018 Ben Schwartz to Voice Sonic the Hedgehog in Upcoming Movie EXCLUSIVE Variety a b Lada Jenni May 3 2022 Here s How Sonic the Hedgehog Looks in Netflix s Sonic Prime Show siliconera a b c SEGA C ソニック SEGA ソニックチャンネル Archived from the original on May 26 2019 Retrieved 2022 04 23 Horowitz Ken June 22 2005 Sega Stars Yuji Naka Sega 16 Archived from the original on November 14 2010 Retrieved November 14 2010 a b Kennedy Sam The Essential 50 Sonic the Hedgehog 1up com Archived from the original on August 22 2004 Retrieved March 8 2015 Davis Cameron and Shoemaker Brad The History of Sonic the Hedgehog GameSpot Retrieved June 16 2008 The Sonic franchise had sold approximately 80 million units as of June 2011 See Smith Jamin June 23 2011 Sonic the Hedgehog celebrates his 20th birthday VideoGamer com Retrieved September 8 2016 In addition Mario amp Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games sold 3 28 million copies and Sonic Generations sold 1 85 million units as of the end of March 2012 Sonic amp All Stars Racing Transformed sold 1 36 million units as of the end of March 2013 Sonic Lost World sold 710 000 units as of March 2014 and Sonic Boom Rise of Lyric Sonic Boom Shattered Crystal sold 620 000 units as of March 2015 See Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements Year Ended March 31 2012 PDF Sega Sammy Holdings May 11 2012 p 6 Retrieved September 8 2016 FY Ended March 2013 Full Year Results Presentation PDF Sega Sammy Holdings May 13 2013 p 21 Retrieved September 8 2016 FY Ended March 2014 Full Year Results Presentation PDF Sega Sammy Holdings May 12 2014 p 21 Retrieved September 8 2016 and Appendix of Consolidated Financial Statements Year Ended March 31 2015 PDF Sega Sammy Holdings May 11 2015 p 6 Retrieved September 8 2016 a b c d Sonic the Hedgehog GameTap Retrospective Retrieved February 21 2009 Sega Visions Interview with Yuji Naka October 1992 Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved June 28 2007 Naka Yuji nakayuji January 24 2021 悔しいのでもう一度挑戦しましたがもっと判らなかった感じです セガの看板キャラクターであるソニック 世に出る前に彼に付けられていた名前を選べ と言う問題が判りませんでした 作った人なのにね セガい共通テスト受験終了 segatest sega com segatest share jp finish html SEGA60th セガい共通テスト SEGATEST Tweet via Twitter Okunari Yosuke okunari January 24 2021 これ 大島さんのラフの横に書かれた Mr ハリネズミ という文字をアメリカ人が英訳した表現を言っているので ミスター ニードルマウス だと生みの親であっても日本人には となりますよねw Tweet via Twitter Naka Yuji nakayuji January 24 2021 なんだそれ Mr ハリネズミだとMr hedgehogになるのでは 誰がミスターニードルマウスと言ったのかなあ Tweet via Twitter Okunari Yosuke okunari January 24 2021 多分ソースは北米ファンサイトがどこかの雑誌か映像から拾った画像かと思われます info sonicretro org Mr Needlemouse Tweet via Twitter Naka Yuji nakayuji January 24 2021 これファンが言っていたのだとすると 世に出る前と言う問題はおかしいよね まあ はり ねずみ をそれぞれ英訳したんだろうけど 使った覚えのないミスターニードルマウスって違和感あるよ まあ正解はしたけどね Tweet via Twitter a b c Wawro Alex March 21 2018 Sonic the Hedgehog s origin story according to the devs who made him Game Developer Retrieved March 21 2018 Regarding the red shoes Naoto Ohshima who was the character designer felt that red was a necessary color from a game standpoint While thinking about the design he referenced images of Santa Claus Takashi Iizuka Sonic the Hedgehog 2020 film The Blue Blur Origins of Sonic Blu Ray extra Sheffield Brandon December 4 2009 Out of the Blue Naoto Ohshima Speaks Gamasutra UBM plc Retrieved February 15 2012 The original Nights was chiefly made with the Japanese and European audiences in mind Sonic meanwhile was squarely aimed at the U S market Sonic is a character that I think is suited to America or at least the image I had of America at the time Well he s blue because that s Sega s more or less official company color His shoes were inspired by the cover to Michael Jackson s Bad which contrasted heavily between white and red that Santa Claus type color I also thought that red went well for a character who can run really fast when his legs are spinning Yahoo Playback Yahoo Playback 94 Yahoo Inc Archived from the original on December 22 2009 Retrieved December 13 2009 Brian Ashcraft 7 December 2009 Sonic s Shoes Inspired by Michael Jackson Kotaku Retrieved December 13 2009 GI Staff August 2003 Sonic s Architect GI Interviews Hirokazu Yasuhara Game Informer Vol 13 no 124 pp 114 116 Revealed Why Sonic can t swim February 2009 Retrieved February 27 2009 Masato Nakamura interview Sonic Central Archived from the original flash on December 23 2008 Retrieved February 7 2006 a b Sega Video Game Illustrations Nippon Shuppan Hanbai Deutschland GmbH 1994 ISBN 3 910052 50 9 Sonic 06 Developer Interview Sonic Team USA Archived from the original on 2014 02 03 Retrieved October 21 2013 E3 2006 Sonic Team Interview GameSpy May 24 2006 Archived from the original on October 22 2013 Retrieved October 21 2013 Ng Kaeng March 2 2009 Sonic Unleashed s Werehog Will Return Escapist Magazine Retrieved October 21 2013 Sonic Boom gives Sega s series a new look two new developers Polygon 6 February 2014 Retrieved February 10 2019 Lee Patrick September 30 2015 A hedgehog for all seasons Our guide to 20 manic years of Sonic cartoons The A V Club Archived from the original on October 30 2019 Out of the mouths of hedgehogs Sega July 15 2010 Archived from the original on May 24 2011 Retrieved July 15 2010 Sonic the Hedgehog sonic hedgehog 28 January 2021 For over 10 years Roger Craig Smith has been an integral part of the SEGA family He brought the voice of Sonic to life and we are forever grateful for his never ending enthusiasm in helping the community and spreading joy Thank you Roger for all you ve done for Sonic Tweet via Twitter Roger Craig Smith RogerCraigSmith May 26 2021 I can t fully express my gratitude for the sonic hedgehog crew and community I hope to honor your support and passion as I m officially back voicing SonicTheHedgehog in games Can t wait for ya to see what we have planned THANK YOU from the bottom of my blue heart Tweet via Twitter Sonic the Hedgehog sonic hedgehog May 26 2021 Tweet via Twitter a b Gartenberg Chaim May 24 2019 Sonic movie delayed to February 2020 so they can fix Sonic The Verge Retrieved July 17 2019 Horowitz Ken 2018 The Sega Arcade Revolution A History in 62 Games McFarland amp Company pp 182 184 ISBN 9781476631967 A Look Back at 20 Years of Music History with Sonic Kotaku 19 November 2011 Retrieved July 18 2013 Sonic Lost World plots a path to retail October 22 Joystiq Retrieved July 18 2013 Sonic Cameos Sonic World Retrieved July 18 2013 O Brien Lucy June 9 2016 New LEGO Dimensions Expansion Features The Goonies Sonic E T amp More Machkovech Sam 14 June 2018 Smash Bros Ultimate hands on We put new fighters new features to the test Ars Technica Retrieved June 27 2018 Nelson Randy February 2008 Sega Superstars Tennis Sega serves up fan love PlayStation The Official Magazine No 3 p 36 Lewis Ed September 26 2004 TGS 2004 Sega SuperStars Hands On IGN Retrieved October 24 2014 Feral Interactive Sonic amp SEGA All Stars Racing release announcement Bishop Rollin October 14 2020 Fall Guys Sonic the Hedgehog Costume Is Now Available ComicBook com Retrieved October 17 2020 Cryer Hirun October 14 2020 Fall Guys gets a Sonic the Hedgehog skin later today GamesRadar Retrieved October 17 2020 Blog Windows Experience 2021 06 22 Sonic the Hedgehog DLC now available for Minecraft for Windows 10 Windows Experience Blog Retrieved 2021 07 11 McWhertor Michael 2021 06 22 Sonic the Hedgehog is in Minecraft now Polygon Retrieved 2021 07 11 Full credits of Sonic the Hedgehog The Movie IMDb 1999 Workman Robert Sonic the Hedgehog Coming Back For Wreck It Ralph Sequel ComicBook com Retrieved November 16 2018 Parker Kelli 2 October 2013 Sonic Boom Working Title A New Animated Series Coming Fall 2014 SEGA Blog Sega Archived from the original on 5 September 2015 Retrieved 24 February 2014 Center sensei s Center Exam Hi sCoool SeHa Girls Episode 6 November 12 2014 Animax Eggman vs Sonic with the Sega Hard Girls Hi sCoool SeHa Girls Episode 7 November 19 2014 Animax We ll Always Be Connected Hi sCoool SeHa Girls Episode 13 December 24 2014 Animax cartoonnetwork July 19 2019 GOTTA GO FAST to keep up with this legendary duo Watch the epic crossover episode of OK KO x Sonic the Hedgehog Sunday August 4th at 4 45p ET PT Tweet Retrieved July 19 2019 via Twitter Sonic the Hedgehog Speeds Over to Netflix in the All New Animated Series Sonic Prime Netflix Media Center Retrieved 1 February 2021 McWhertor Michael December 10 2020 New Sonic the Hedgehog animated series coming to Netflix Polygon Archived from the original on February 1 2021 Yin Poole Wesely February 1 2021 Netflix s Sonic Prime animated series confirmed for 2022 Eurogamer Griffin David October 27 2022 Sonic Prime Exclusive Release Date and Character Posters Reveal for Netflix Animated Series IGN Retrieved October 27 2022 Kit Borys October 22 2017 Sonic the Hedgehog Movie races to Paramount Exclusive The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved October 22 2017 Plunkett Luke November 12 2019 New Sonic The Hedgehog Movie Trailer Shows His Redesigned Face Kotaku Retrieved November 12 2019 Goslin Austen 2021 02 10 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 is officially racing to theaters in 2022 Polygon Retrieved 2021 02 11 Milici Lauren May 20 2022 Chip N Dale Rescue Rangers director Akiva Schaffer talks that very ugly cameo GamesRadar Retrieved May 20 2022 Allan Sugarbaker September 24 2001 Interviews James Wallis OgreCave com Retrieved January 22 2012 I teamed up with Carl Sargent and Marc Gascoigne to produce four more Sonic books novels this time for Virgin Publishing under the pseudonym of Martin Adams a b Sonic the Hedgehog Mega Man team up for first time USA Today July 10 2012 Retrieved July 18 2013 1992 The Green Hill Zone Retrieved July 18 2013 a b c Sega of America Sonic s official character profile from Sega of America Sega of America Archived from the original on March 5 2005 Retrieved March 10 2008 a b c Sega 2004 Sonic Heroes instruction manual pp 6 a b c Sonic Team Sonic s official character profile Sega of Japan Archived from the original on July 31 2008 Retrieved April 12 2006 a b c Sega 1999 Sonic Adventure instruction manual pp 18 a b Sega 1997 Sonic Jam Sega Saturn Sonic World s Character Profiles in English Sega of America Tails s official character profile from Sega of America Sega of America Archived from the original on March 5 2005 Retrieved June 25 2008 Sega of America Amy s official character profile from Sega of America Sega of America Archived from the original on February 24 2010 Retrieved June 25 2008 Sega 1991 Sonic the Hedgehog instruction manual pp 3 Sega 1991 Sonic the Hedgehog 2 instruction manual pp 6 Shirey J Brodie 2022 08 27 Sonic The Hedgehog Creator Reveals Why Sonic Can t Swim ScreenRant Retrieved 2022 11 03 Sonic s Vital Statistics Retrieved November 17 2017 Sonic Team Super Sonic s official character profile from Sonic Team Sega of America Archived from the original on July 1 2008 Retrieved June 25 2008 Walk of Game 2005 inductees Retrieved April 2 2008 Yarris Lynn November 5 2005 Sonic the Hedgehog and the Fate of Neural Stem Cells Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Retrieved June 23 2006 Klepek Patrick September 17 2015 Remember When Sonic Kissed A Woman Kotaku Gawker Media Archived from the original on January 28 2017 Retrieved June 8 2017 Meikleham Dave February 11 2015 The 8 wrongest romances in video games GamesRadar Future Publishing Archived from the original on December 6 2016 Retrieved May 31 2017 Lee Patrick Sep 30 2015 A hedgehog for all seasons Our guide to 20 manic years of Sonic cartoons The A V Club Retrieved August 7 2017 The Long Strange History Of Video Games Sponsoring Football Teams Kotaku Retrieved July 18 2013 The Day a Sporting Legend Became an Unwitting Sonic the Hedgehog Icon Kotaku 23 December 2011 Retrieved July 18 2013 Today in 1993 Senna s last great race at Donington F1 Fanatic 11 April 2013 Retrieved July 18 2013 Archived copy Archived from the original on May 23 2011 Retrieved July 7 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Hester Blake 8 February 2016 Sonic the Hedgehog s Long Great Rocky History Polygon Retrieved March 14 2016 Nintendo Power 250th issue South San Francisco California Future US 2010 pp 40 41 Golden Joystick Awards 2004 Winners announced Computer amp Video Games Archived from the original on March 17 2007 Retrieved May 25 2009 The Best of 96 Electronic Gaming Monthly No 92 Ziff Davis March 1997 pp 90 91 Moore Matthew Sonic voted favourite character in UK The Telegraph London Archived from the original on 2022 01 11 Retrieved June 3 2006 Sonic Trounces Mario in UK Favourites Poll at C3 News Cubed3 com Retrieved August 15 2012 Douglas Jane Top 10 iconic game characters UK MSN Tech amp Gadgets Archived from the original on November 2 2008 Retrieved May 25 2009 Dyer James McComb David Plumb Alastair Scarborough David May 26 2010 The 50 Greatest Video Game Characters 14 Sonic Empire Retrieved August 2 2013 Guinness Names Top 50 Video Game Characters Of All Time Game Informer Retrieved February 19 2011 Top 10 Smash Bros Characters Page 2 GameDaily Retrieved August 7 2009 Sliwinski Alexander March 8 2013 Joystiq Gamedaily com Retrieved March 13 2013 GameSpot Staff Sonic the Hedgehog Q amp A GameSpot September 8 2009 Retrieved on November 29 2009 Plunkett Luke October 2 2019 Actual Space Mission Picks Sonic The Hedgehog As An Official Mascot Kotaku Retrieved October 2 2019 Webster Andrew June 23 2016 Talking to the man behind Sonic the Hedgehog s incredible Twitter The Verge Retrieved November 25 2017 Glagoski Peter November 25 2017 Get your Sanic on in Sonic Forces with some free DLC Destructoid Retrieved November 25 2017 Sonic movie Easter eggs every cameo and reference to the games gamesradar 14 February 2020 External links Wikiquote has quotations related to Sonic the Hedgehog character Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sonic the Hedgehog character Official character profiles on Sonic Central and Sonic City archived Sonic the Hedgehog on Sonic Channel in Japanese Sonic the Hedgehog on IMDbPortal Video games Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sonic the Hedgehog character amp oldid 1130522084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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