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Wikipedia

Reddit

January 13, 2023

Reddit (/ˈrɛdɪt/; stylized in all lowercase as reddit) is an American social news aggregation, content rating, and discussion website. Registered users (commonly referred to as "Redditors") submit content to the site such as links, text posts, images, and videos, which are then voted up or down by other members. Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called "communities" or "subreddits". Submissions with more upvotes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough upvotes, ultimately on the site's front page. Reddit administrators moderate the communities. Moderation is also conducted by community-specific moderators, who are not Reddit employees.[7]

Reddit Inc.
Screenshot
Homepage in November 2022
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
Social news
Available inMultilingual[notes 1][1]
FoundedJune 23, 2005; 17 years ago (2005-06-23)[2]
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
Area servedWorldwide
OwnerAdvance Publications (majority shareholder)[3]
Founder(s)
Key people
Industry
Revenue>US$100 million (Q2 2021)[4]
Employees700 (February 2021)[5]
URLwww.reddit.com
AdvertisingBanner ads and promoted links
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional[notes 2]
Users52 million DAU (Oct 2020)[6]
Current statusActive
Written in

As of December 2022, Reddit ranks as the 20th-most-visited website in the world and 6th most-visited website in the U.S., according to Semrush.[8] About 42–49.3% of its user base comes from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 7.9–8.2% and Canada at 5.2–7.8%.[9][10] Twenty-two percent of U.S. adults aged 18 to 29 years, and 14 percent of U.S. adults aged 30 to 49 years, regularly use Reddit.[9]

Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, with Aaron Swartz, in 2005. Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006. In 2011, Reddit became an independent subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications.[11] In October 2014, Reddit raised $50 million in a funding round led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen, Peter Thiel, Ron Conway, Snoop Dogg, and Jared Leto.[12] Their investment valued the company at $500 million then.[13][14] In July 2017, Reddit raised $200 million for a $1.8 billion valuation, with Advance Publications remaining the majority stakeholder.[15] In February 2019, a $300 million funding round led by Tencent brought the company's valuation to $3 billion.[16] In August 2021, a $700 million funding round led by Fidelity Investments raised that valuation to over $10 billion.[4] The company then reportedly filed for an IPO in December 2021 with a valuation of 15 billion dollars.[17][18]

History

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Reddit.
 
Co-founder Alexis Ohanian speaking in 2009
 
Reddit's headquarters in the Mid-Market neighborhood of San Francisco

The idea and initial development of Reddit originated with at the time college roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005. Huffman and Ohanian attended a lecture by programmer-entrepreneur Paul Graham in Boston, Massachusetts, during their spring break from University of Virginia.[19][20][21] After speaking with Huffman and Ohanian following the lecture, Graham invited the two to apply to his startup incubator Y Combinator.[19] Their initial idea, My Mobile Menu, was unsuccessful,[22][23] and was intended to allow users to order food by SMS text messaging.[19][20] During a brainstorming session to pitch another startup, the idea was created for what Graham called the "front page of the Internet".[23] For this idea, Huffman and Ohanian were accepted in Y Combinator's first class.[19][20] Supported by the funding from Y Combinator,[24] Huffman coded the site in Common Lisp[25] and together with Ohanian launched Reddit in June 2005.[26][27] Embarrassed by an empty-looking site, the founders created hundreds of fake users for their posts to make it look more populated,[28] an example of a fake it till you make it strategy.

The team expanded to include Christopher Slowe in November 2005. Between November 2005 and January 2006, Reddit merged with Aaron Swartz's company Infogami, and Swartz became an equal owner of the resulting parent company, Not A Bug.[29][30] Ohanian later wrote that instead of labeling Swartz as a co-founder, the correct description is that Swartz's company was acquired by Reddit 6 months after he and Huffman had started.[31] Huffman and Ohanian sold Reddit to Condé Nast Publications, owner of Wired, on October 31, 2006, for a reported $10 million to $20 million[19][32] and the team moved to San Francisco.[32] In November 2006, Swartz blogged complaining about the new corporate environment, criticizing its level of productivity.[33] In January 2007, Swartz was fired for undisclosed reasons.[34]

Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit in 2009.[35] Huffman went on to co-found Hipmunk with Adam Goldstein, and later recruited Ohanian[36] and Slowe to his new company.[37] After Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit, Erik Martin, who joined the company as a community manager in 2008 and later became general manager in 2011, played a role in Reddit's growth.[38] VentureBeat noted that Martin was "responsible for keeping the site going" under Condé Nast's ownership.[39] Martin facilitated the purchase of Reddit Gifts and led charity initiatives.[39]

Reddit launched two different ways of advertising on the site in 2009. The company launched sponsored content[40] and a self-serve ads platform that year.[41][42] Reddit launched its Reddit Gold benefits program in July 2010, which offered new features to editors and created a new revenue stream for the business that did not rely on banner ads.[43] On September 6, 2011, Reddit became operationally independent of Condé Nast, operating as a separate subsidiary of its parent company, Advance Publications.[44] Reddit and other websites participated in a 12-hour sitewide blackout on January 18, 2012, in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act.[45][46] In May 2012, Reddit joined the Internet Defense League, a group formed to organize future protests.[47]

Yishan Wong joined Reddit as CEO in 2012.[48] Wong resigned from Reddit in 2014, citing disagreements about his proposal to move the company's offices from San Francisco to nearby Daly City, but also the "stressful and draining" nature of the position.[49][50] Ohanian credited Wong with the company's newfound success as its user base grew from 35 million to 174 million.[50] Wong oversaw the company as it raised $50 million in funding and spun off as an independent company.[41] Also during this time, Reddit began accepting the digital currency Bitcoin for its Reddit Gold subscription service through a partnership with bitcoin payment processor Coinbase in February 2013.[51] Ellen Pao replaced Wong as interim CEO in 2014 and resigned in 2015 amid a user revolt over the firing of a popular Reddit employee.[52] During her tenure, Reddit initiated an anti-harassment policy,[53] banned involuntary sexualization, and banned several forums that focused on bigoted content or harassment of individuals.[54]

After five years away from the company, Ohanian and Huffman returned to leadership roles at Reddit: Ohanian became the full-time executive chairman in November 2014 following Wong's resignation, while Pao's departure on July 10, 2015, led to Huffman's return as the company's chief executive.[55][56] After Huffman rejoined Reddit as CEO, he launched Reddit's iOS and Android apps, fixed Reddit's mobile website, and created A/B testing infrastructure.[19] The company launched a major redesign of its website in April 2018.[57] Huffman said new users were turned off from Reddit because it had looked like a "dystopian Craigslist".[57] Reddit also instituted several technological improvements,[58] such as a new tool that allows users to hide posts, comments, and private messages from selected redditors in an attempt to curb online harassment,[59] and new content guidelines. These new content guidelines were aimed at banning content inciting violence and quarantining offensive material.[19][58] Slowe, the company's first employee, rejoined Reddit in 2017 as chief technology officer.[60] Reddit's largest round of funding came in 2017, when the company raised $200 million and was valued at $1.8 billion.[15] The funding supported Reddit's site redesign and video efforts.[15]

On June 5, 2020, Alexis Ohanian resigned as a member of the board in response to the George Floyd protests and requested to be replaced "by a Black candidate".[61]

On December 13, 2020, Reddit announced it had acquired short-form video social platform Dubsmash, hiring its entire team, with the intention of integrating its video creation tools into Reddit.[62]

On March 5, 2021, Reddit announced that it had appointed Drew Vollero, who has worked at Snapchat's parent company Snap (SNAP), as its first Chief Financial Officer weeks after the site was thrust into the spotlight due to its role in the GameStop trading frenzy. Vollero's appointment spurred speculation of an initial public offering, a move that senior leaders have considered publicly.[63]

In December 2021, Reddit revealed that it had confidentially filed for an initial public offering with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.[64][65][66] In June 2022, Reddit acquired MeaningCloud, a natural language processing company.[67][68]

In September 2022, Reddit acquired Spiketrap for an undisclosed sum.[69]

Site overview

Reddit is a website comprising user-generated content—including photos, videos, links, and text-based posts—and discussions of this content in what is essentially a bulletin board system.[70][71] The name "Reddit" is a play-on-words with the phrase "read it", i.e., "I read it on Reddit."[72][73] According to Reddit, in 2019, there were approximately 430 million monthly users,[74] who are known as "redditors".[57] The site's content is divided into categories or communities known on-site as "subreddits", of which there are more than 138,000 active communities.[75]

As a network of communities, Reddit's core content consists of posts from its users.[70][71] Users can comment on others' posts to continue the conversation.[70] A key feature to Reddit is that users can cast positive or negative votes, called upvotes and downvotes respectively, for each post and comment on the site.[70] The number of upvotes or downvotes determines the posts' visibility on the site, so the most popular content is displayed to the most people.[70] Users can also earn "karma" for their posts and comments, a status that reflects their standing within the community and their contributions to Reddit.[70] Posts are sometimes automatically archived after six months, meaning they can no longer be commented or voted on.[citation needed]

The most popular posts from the site's numerous subreddits are visible on the front page to those who browse the site without an account.[75][76] By default for those users, the front page will display the subreddit r/popular, featuring top-ranked posts across all of Reddit, excluding not-safe-for-work communities and others that are most commonly filtered out by users (even if they are safe for work).[77][78] The subreddit r/all originally did not filter topics,[79] but as of 2021 it does not include not-safe-for-work content.[80] Registered users who subscribe to subreddits see the top content from the subreddits to which they subscribe on their personal front pages.[75][76]

Front-page rank—for both the general front page and for individual subreddits—is determined by a combination of factors, including the age of the submission, positive ("upvoted") to negative ("downvoted") feedback ratio, and the total vote-count.[81]

Users and moderators

Registering an account with Reddit is free and does not require an email address.[82][83] In addition to commenting and voting, registered users can also create their own subreddit on a topic of their choosing.[84] In Reddit style, usernames begin with "u/". For example, noteworthy redditors include u/Poem_for_your_sprog, who responds to messages across Reddit in verse,[85] u/Shitty_Watercolour who posts paintings in response to posts,[86] u/gallowboob, with the second-highest karma on Reddit,[87] and u/spez, the CEO of Reddit (Steve Huffman).

Subreddits are overseen by moderators, Reddit users who earn the title by creating a subreddit or being promoted by a current moderator.[75] These moderators are volunteers who manage their communities, set and enforce community-specific rules, remove posts and comments that violate these rules, and generally work to keep discussions in their subreddit on topic.[75][88][89] Admins, by contrast, are paid to work for Reddit.[88]

Reddit also releases transparency reports annually which have information like how many posts have been taken down by moderators and for what reason. It also details information about requests law enforcement agencies have made for information about users or to take down content.[90] In 2020, Reddit removed 6% of posts made on their platform (approx. 233 million). More than 99% of removals were marked as spam; the remainder made up of a mix of other offensive content. Around 131 million posts were removed by the automated moderator and the rest were taken down manually.[91][92]

It is estimated that Reddit's moderators do a total of 466 hours of work every day, which totals up to $3.4 million in unpaid work each year.[93] This roughly equates to 2.8% of the company's annual revenue.[93]

Subreddits

"r/" redirects here. For the letter "R", see R. For other uses, see /r/ (disambiguation).
Nathan Allen speaks about the r/science community to the American Chemical Society

Subreddits (officially called communities) are user-created areas of interest where discussions on Reddit are organized. There are about 138,000 active subreddits (among a total of 1.2 million) as of July 2018.[94][95] Subreddit names begin with "r/"; for instance, "r/science" is a community devoted to discussing scientific publications, while "r/gaming" is a community devoted to discussing video games and "r/worldnews" is for posting news articles from around the world.

In a 2014 interview with Memeburn, Erik Martin, then general manager of Reddit, remarked that their "approach is to give the community moderators or curators as much control as possible so that they can shape and cultivate the type of communities they want".[96] Subreddits often use themed variants of Reddit's alien mascot, Snoo, in the visual styling of their communities.[97]

Other features

Reddit Premium (formerly Reddit Gold) is a premium membership that allows users to view the site ad-free.[98][99] Users may also be gifted coins if another user particularly valued the comment or post, generally due to humorous or high-quality content. Reddit Premium unlocks several features not accessible to regular users, such as comment highlighting, exclusive subreddits, and a personalized Snoo (known as a "snoovatar").[100][101] Reddit Gold was renamed to Reddit Premium in 2018. In addition to gold coins, users can gift silver and platinum coins to other users as rewards for quality content.[102]

Reddit Public Access Network, commonly known as RPAN, is a live streaming service run by Reddit.[103] Every broadcaster is given a three-hour limit on broadcasting; however, this time limit can be extended if streamers receive Awards from other users.[104] The viewers can interact with streams by upvoting or downvoting, chatting and by giving paid awards. During the off-air hours, 24/7 streaming is possible to the dedicated subreddits, but with limited slots and capabilities.[105] On August 19, 2019, Reddit announced RPAN. It was said to be in testing, but they were experimenting with making it a permanent program, as well as a way to increase revenue for the platform.[106] Later, a five-day testing period began. During the testing period, streaming was for a select group of users, allowing 30 minutes of streaming per person and 100 slots.[107] On July 1, 2020, RPAN Studio was released, an application that allows users to broadcast live from desktop computers. RPAN Studio has been built on top of OBS, an open-source streaming and recording program.[108] On January 28, 2021 Reddit permanently increased streaming times to three hours.[109] RPAN was officially discontinued on November 15, 2022.[110]

On July 7, 2022, Reddit announced 'blockchain-backed Collectible Avatars', customizable avatars which are available on the subreddit r/CollectibleAvatars for purchase separate from Reddit Premium. The avatars were created by independent artists who post work on other subreddits, and who receive a portion of the profits. They use Reddit's Polygon blockchain-powered digital wallet the Vault.[111] Richard Lawler of The Verge described them as "non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that are available for purchase in the Reddit Avatar Builder";[112] as NFTs are controversial, this attracted attention from many media outlets.

On the site, redditors commemorate their "cake day" once a year, on the anniversary of the day their account was created.[113] Cake day adds an icon of a small slice of cake next to the user's name for 24 hours.[114]

In 2017, Reddit developed its own real-time chat software for the site.[115] While some established subreddits have used third-party software to chat about their communities, the company built chat functions that it hopes will become an integral part of Reddit.[115] Individual chat rooms were rolled out in 2017 and community chat rooms for members of a given subreddit were rolled out in 2018.[115][116][117]

In 2019, Reddit tested a new feature which allowed users to tip others. It was only made available for a user named Chris who goes by the alias u/shittymorph, who was known for posting well-written comments, only for them to end with the same copypasta referencing the 1998 Hell in a Cell match between wrestlers The Undertaker and Mankind.[118][119]

Reddit Talk was announced in April 2021 as a competitor to Clubhouse. Reddit Talk lets subreddit moderators start audio meeting rooms that mimick Clubhouse in design.[120] In 2022, Reddit Talk was updated to support recording audio rooms and work on the web version of Reddit. A desktop app is reportedly slated for a late February release.[121]

In August 2021, the company introduced a TikTok-like short-form video feature for iOS that lets users rapidly swipe through a feed of short video content.[122]

In December 2021, the company introduced a Spotify Wrapped-like feature called Reddit Recap that recaps various statistics from January 1 to November 30 about each individual user, such as how much time they spent on Reddit, which communities they joined, and the topics that they engaged with, and allows the user to view it.[123]

Technology and design

Underlying code

Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp but was rewritten in Python in December 2005[124] for wider access to code libraries and greater development flexibility. The Python web framework that Swartz developed to run the site, web.py, is available as an open source project.[125] As of November 10, 2009, Reddit used Pylons as its web framework.[126] Reddit was an open source project from June 18, 2008, until 2017.[127][128] During that time, all of the code and libraries written for Reddit were freely available on GitHub, with the exception of the anti-spam/cheating portions.[129] In a September 2017 announcement, the company stated that "we've been doing a bad job of keeping our open-source product repos up to date", partially because "open-source makes it hard for us to develop some features 'in the clear' ... without leaking our plans too far in advance", prompting the decision to archive its public GitHub repos.[128]

Hosting and servers

As of November 10, 2009, Reddit decommissioned its own servers and migrated to Amazon Web Services.[130] Reddit uses PostgreSQL as its primary datastore.[131] It uses RabbitMQ for offline processing, HAProxy for load balancing and memcached for caching. In early 2009, Reddit started using jQuery.[132]

Mobile apps

In 2010, Reddit released its first mobile web interface for easier reading and navigating the website on touch screen devices.[133] For several years, redditors relied on third-party apps to access Reddit on mobile devices. In October 2014, Reddit acquired one of them, Alien Blue, which became the official iOS Reddit app.[134] Reddit removed Alien Blue and released its official application, Reddit: The Official App, on Google Play and the iOS App Store in April 2016.[135] The company released an app for Reddit's question-and-answer Ask Me Anything subreddit in 2014.[136] The app allowed users to see active Ask Me Anythings, receive notifications, ask questions and vote.[136]

Product and design changes

 
Reddit homepage in 2005 – the site's design was based on this until the 2018 redesign, but the classic layout is still available on old.reddit.com

The site has undergone several products and design changes since it originally launched in 2005. When it initially launched, there were no comments or subreddits. Comments were added in 2005[57][137] and interest-based groups (called 'subreddits') were introduced in 2008.[138] Allowing users to create subreddits has led to much of the activity that redditors would recognize that helped define Reddit. These include subreddits "WTF", "funny", and "AskReddit".[138] Reddit rolled out its multireddit feature, the site's biggest change to its front page in years, in 2013.[139] With the multireddits, users see top stories from a collection of subreddits.[139]

In 2015, Reddit enabled embedding, so users could share Reddit content on other sites.[140] In 2016, Reddit began hosting images using a new image uploading tool, a move that shifted away from the uploading service Imgur that had been the de facto service.[141] Users still can upload images to Reddit using Imgur.[141] Reddit's in-house video uploading service for desktop and mobile launched in 2017.[142] Previously, users had to use third-party video uploading services, which Reddit acknowledged was time-consuming for users.[142]

Reddit released its "spoiler tags" feature in January 2017.[143] The feature warns users of potential spoilers in posts and pixelates preview images.[143] Reddit unveiled changes to its public front page, called r/popular, in 2017;[79] the change creates a front page free of potentially adult-oriented content for unregistered users.[79]

In late 2017, Reddit declared it wanted to be a mobile-first site, launching several changes to its apps for iOS and Android.[113] The new features included user-to-user chat, a theater mode for viewing visual content, and mobile tools for the site's moderators. "Mod mode" lets moderators manage content and their subreddits on mobile devices.[113]

Reddit launched its redesigned website in 2018, with its first major visual update in a decade.[57] Development for the new site took more than a year.[57] It was the result of an initiative by Huffman upon returning to Reddit, who said the site's outdated look deterred new users.[57] The new site features a hamburger menu to help users navigate the site, different views, and new fonts to better inform redditors if they are clicking on a Reddit post or an external link.[57] The goal was not only for Reddit to improve its appearance, but also to make it easier to accommodate a new generation of Reddit users.[57] Additionally, Reddit's growth had strained the site's back end;[144] Huffman and Reddit Vice President of Engineering Nick Caldwell told The Wall Street Journal's COI Journal that Reddit needed to leverage artificial intelligence and other modern digital tools.[144] Registered users can opt-out from the redesign and use "Old Reddit" which continues to use the previous design. Unregistered users can access it via old.reddit.com.[145]

 
Original Reddit wordmark (2005-2018), still seen on the "classic" Reddit interface

Reddit's logo consists of a time-traveling alien named Snoo and the company name stylized as "reddit". The alien has an oval head, pom-pom ears, and an antenna.[146] Its colors are black, white, and orange-red.[146] The mascot was created in 2005 while company co-founder Alexis Ohanian was an undergraduate at the University of Virginia.[147] Ohanian doodled the creature while bored in a marketing class.[97] Originally, Ohanian sought to name the mascot S'new, a play on "What's new?", to tie the mascot into Reddit's premise as the "front page of the Internet".[146][97] Eventually, the name Snoo was chosen.[146] In 2011, Ohanian outlined the logo's evolution with a graphic that showcased several early versions, including various spellings of the website name, such as "Reditt".[147]

Snoo is genderless, so the logo is moldable.[146][148] Over the years, the Reddit logo has frequently changed for holidays and other special events.[147] Many subreddits have a customized Snoo logo to represent the subreddit.[97] Redditors can also submit their own logos, which sometimes appear on the site's front page, or create their own customized versions of Snoo for their communities (or "subreddits").[147][57] When Reddit revamped its website in April 2018, the company imposed several restrictions on how Snoo can be designed: Snoo's head "should always appear blank or neutral", Snoo's eyes are orange-red, and Snoo cannot have fingers.[146] Snoo's purpose is to discover and explore humanity.[146]

Corporate affairs

Reddit is a private company based in San Francisco, California.[149][94] It has an office in the Mid-Market neighborhood.[150] Reddit doubled its headcount in 2017;[151] as of 2018, it employed approximately 350 people.[94] In 2017, the company was valued at $1.8 billion during a $200 million round of new venture funding.[15][41] The company was previously owned by Condé Nast, but was spun off as an independent company.[41] As of April 2018, Advance Publications, Condé Nast's parent company, retained a majority stake in Reddit.[94]

Reddit's key management personnel includes co-founder and CEO Steve Huffman,[19] Chief Technology Officer Chris Slowe, who was the company's original lead engineer,[60] and Chief Operating Officer Jen Wong, a former president of digital and chief operating officer at Time Inc.[99]

Reddit does not disclose its revenue figures.[15][99] The company generates revenue in part through advertising and premium memberships that remove ads from the site.[99][98]

As part of its company culture, Reddit operates on a no-negotiation policy for employee salaries.[152] The company offers new mothers, fathers, and adoptive parents up to 16 weeks of parental leave.[153]

As of August 2021, Reddit is valued at more than $10 billion following a $410 million funding round.[154] The company is looking to hire investment bankers and lawyers to assist in making an initial public offering, which is expected in 2022. However, CEO Steve Huffman says the company has not decided on the timing for when to go public.[155] In December 2021, Reddit announced they had filed a draft registration statement with the SEC regarding their prospective IPO.[156][157]

Advertising

In February 2013, Betabeat published a post that recognized the influx of multinational corporations like Costco, Taco Bell, Subaru, and McDonald's posting branded content on Reddit that was made to appear as if it was original content from legitimate Reddit users.[158] PAN Communications wrote that marketers want to "infiltrate the reddit community on behalf of their brand," but emphasized that "self-promotion is frowned upon" and Reddit's former director of communications noted that the site is "100 percent organic."[159][160][161][162] She recommended that advertisers design promotions that "spark conversations and feedback."[163] She recommended that businesses use AMAs to get attention for public figures but cautioned "It is important to approach AMAs carefully and be aware that this may not be a fit for every project or client."[164] Nissan ran a successful branded content promotion offering users free gifts to publicize a new car,[165][166] though the company was later ridiculed for suspected astroturfing when the CEO only answered puff piece questions on the site.[167][168] Taylor described these situations as "high risk" noting: "We try hard to educate people that they have to treat questions that may seem irreverent or out of left field the same as they would questions about the specific project they are promoting."[169]

Reddit's users tend to be more privacy-conscious than on other websites, often using tools like AdBlock and proxies,[170] and they dislike "feeling manipulated by brands" but respond well to "content that begs for intelligent viewers and participants."[171] Lauren Orsini writes in ReadWrite that "Reddit's huge community is the perfect hype machine for promoting a new movie, a product release, or a lagging political campaign" but there is a "very specific set of etiquette. Redditors don't want to advertise for you, they want to talk to you."[172] Journalists have used the site as a basis for stories, though they are advised by the site's policies to respect that "reddit's communities belong to their members" and to seek proper attribution for people's contributions.[173]

Reddit announced that they would begin using VigLink to redirect affiliate links in June 2016.[174][175]

Since 2017, Reddit has partnered with companies to host sponsored AMAs and other interactive events,[176][177] increased advertising offerings,[178] and introduced efforts to work with content publishers.[179]

In 2018, Reddit hired Jen Wong as COO, responsible for the company's business strategy and growth, and introduced native mobile ads.[99] Reddit opened a Chicago office to be closer to major companies and advertising agencies located in and around Chicago.[180] In 2019, Reddit hired former Twitter ad director Shariq Rizvi as its vice president of ad products and engineering.[181]

Community and culture

The website is known for its open nature and diverse user community that generate its content.[182] Its demographics allows for wide-ranging subject areas, as well as the ability for smaller subreddits to serve more niche purposes.[88] The possibilities that subreddits provide create new opportunities for raising attention and fostering discussion across various areas. In gaining popularity in terms of unique users per day, Reddit has been a platform to raise publicity for a number of causes.[183] Additionally, the user base of Reddit has given birth to other websites, including image sharing community and image host Imgur, which started in 2009 as a gift to Reddit's community.[184] In its first five months, it jumped from a thousand hits per day to a million total page views.[185]

Statistics from Google Ad Planner suggest that 74% of Reddit users are male.[186] In 2016, the Pew Research Center published research showing that 4% of U.S. adults use Reddit, of which 67% are men. 78% of users get news from Reddit.[187] Users tend to be significantly younger than average with less than 1% of users being 65 or over.[187] Politically, Reddit's community is predominantly left-leaning, with less than 19% of its users leaning to the right.[188]

Reddit is known in part for its passionate user base,[94] which has been described as "offbeat, quirky, and anti-establishment".[149] Similar to the "Slashdot effect", the Reddit effect occurs when a smaller website crashes due to a high influx of traffic after being linked to on Reddit; this is also called the Reddit "hug of death".[189][190]

Philanthropy

Users have used Reddit as a platform for their charitable and philanthropic efforts.[191] Redditors raised more than $100,000 for charity in support of comedians Jon Stewart's and Stephen Colbert's Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear; more than $180,000 for Haiti earthquake relief efforts; and delivered food pantries' Amazon wish lists.[192][191][193] In 2010, Christians, Muslims, and atheists held a friendly fundraising competition, where the groups raised more than $50,000.[194] A similar donation drive in 2011 saw the atheism subreddit raise over $200,000 for charity.[195] In February 2014, Reddit announced it would donate 10% of its annual ad revenue to non-profits voted upon by its users.[196] As a result of the campaign, Reddit donating $82,765 each to Electronic Frontier Foundation, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Doctors Without Borders, Erowid Center, Wikimedia Foundation, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, NPR, Free Software Foundation, Freedom From Religion Foundation, and Tor Project.[197]

Activism

See also: Digital citizen, Netizen, and Online social movement

Reddit has been used for a wide variety of political engagement including the presidential campaigns of Barack Obama,[198][199] Donald Trump,[200] Hillary Clinton,[201] and Bernie Sanders.[202] It has also been used for self-organizing sociopolitical activism such as protests, communication with politicians and active communities. Reddit has become a popular place for worldwide political discussions.[203]

March for Science

Main article: March for Science

The March for Science originated from a discussion on Reddit over the deletion of all references to climate change from the White House website, about which a user commented that "There needs to be a Scientists' March on Washington".[204][205][206] On April 22, 2017, more than 1 million scientists and supporters participated in more than 600 events in 66 countries across the globe.[207]

Internet privacy, neutrality and anonymity

Reddit users have been engaged in the defense of Internet privacy, net neutrality and Internet anonymity.

Reddit created an Internet blackout day and was joined by Wikipedia and other sites in 2012 in protest of the Stop Online Piracy and Protect IP acts.[208][209] On January 18, Reddit participated in a 12-hour sitewide blackout to coincide with a congressional committee hearing on the measures.[209][210] During that time, Reddit displayed a message on the legislation's effects on Reddit, in addition to resources on the proposed laws.[210] In May 2012, Reddit joined the Internet Defense League, a group formed to organize future protests.[47]

The site and its users protested the Federal Communications Commission as it prepared to scrap net neutrality rules.[211] In 2017, users upvoted "Battle for the Net" posts enough times that they filled up the entire front page.[211] On another day, the front page was overtaken by posts showcasing campaign donations received by members of Congress from the telecommunications industry.[211] Reddit CEO Steve Huffman has also advocated for net neutrality rules.[212][213] In 2017, Huffman told The New York Times that without net neutrality protections, "you give internet service providers the ability to choose winners and losers".[212] On Reddit, Huffman urged redditors to express support for net neutrality and contact their elected representatives in Washington, D.C.[213] Huffman said that the repeal of net neutrality rules stifles competition. He said he and Reddit would continue to advocate for net neutrality.[214]

"Restoring Truthiness" campaign

As a response to Glenn Beck's August 28, 2010, Restoring Honor rally, in September 2010 Reddit users started a movement to persuade satirist Stephen Colbert to have a counter-rally in Washington, D.C.[215] The movement, which came to be called "Restoring Truthiness", was started by user mrsammercer, in a post where he described waking up from a dream in which Stephen Colbert was holding a satirical rally in D.C.[216] Over $100,000 was raised for charity to gain the attention of Colbert.[192] The campaign was mentioned on-air several times, and when the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear was held in Washington, D.C. on October 30, 2010, thousands of redditors made the journey.[217]

During a post-rally press conference, Reddit co-founder Ohanian asked, "What role did the Internet campaign play in convincing you to hold this rally?" Jon Stewart responded by saying that, though it was a very nice gesture, he and Colbert had already thought of the idea and the deposit for using the National Mall was already paid during the summer, so it acted mostly as a "validation of what we were thinking about attempting".[218] In a message to the Reddit community, Colbert later added, "I have no doubt that your efforts to organize and the joy you clearly brought to your part of the story contributed greatly to the turnout and success."[219]

Countries blocking Reddit

Indonesia

Since May 2014, Reddit has been blocked in Indonesia by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology for hosting content containing nudity.[220][221]

Russia

In August 2015, Russia banned Reddit after Russia's Federal Drug Control Service decided that Reddit promoted conversations about psychedelic drugs. The site was later unblocked.[222]

China

See also: Internet censorship in China

In June 2015, Reddit was blocked in China for a few weeks. The site was unblocked later.[223] It was then re-blocked in August 2018 and has remained blocked ever since.[224]

India

ISPs in India were found to be blocking traffic over Reddit for intermittent periods in some regions in 2019.[225]

Community traditions

April Fools' Day

Main articles: The Button (Reddit) and Place (Reddit)

On April Fools' Day 2010, Reddit's first massive April Fool's social experiment was to make everyone on site an admin. For 24 hours, users could ban one another, modify upvotes, delete comments, and votes. Any modifications to Reddit only occurred through the user's perspective. While many caught on, others began threatening fellow users with their admin privileges and went on mini power trips, demonstrating that great power is not always accompanied by great responsibility.

On April Fools' Day 2011, Reddit replaced its Reddit Gold subscription with Reddit Mold, a joke version of the premium service that could be given to users to make the website experience worse. For example, users who were given Mold would only be able to see fewer posts per page as well as not being able to post anything containing the letter E. These effects were amplified upon receiving more Mold, such as losing the ability to post another letter for each Mold received.[226]

On April Fools' Day 2013, Reddit claimed that it had acquired the video game Team Fortress 2, and initiated a site-wide event where users were randomly assigned into two teams, Orangered and Periwinkle, based on both the colors of the Team Fortress 2 teams as well as the colors of the upvote and downvote buttons. As in Team Fortress 2, users were randomly given items and cosmetics to use, most importantly weapons to use against users on the opposing team.[227] Valve also participated in the event, updating Team Fortress 2 with Reddit related cosmetics.[228] When the event ended, team Orangered was declared the victor.

For April Fools' Day 2014, Reddit did "headdit", a joke way to navigate and use the website using the webcam.

For April Fools' Day 2015, a social experiment subreddit called r/thebutton appeared. It displayed a button and a 60-second countdown timer. User accounts created before that day were eligible to participate. A user could only click the button once, or opt not to click it. If a user clicked the button the timer was globally reset to 60 seconds,[229] and the user's "flair" (an icon next to the user's name) changed color. Colors were assigned based on a gradient from purple to red with purple signifying up to 60 seconds and red as low as 0 seconds. The countdown reached zero several times due to technical problems but eventually expired without further problems on June 5, 2015, after which the subreddit was archived.[230]

For April Fools' Day 2016, another experiment was launched involving the "Robin" chat widget. After clicking a titular button, an IRC-like chat window was opened with one other user, and allowed a certain time to pick among three options: "Grow", "Stay" and "Leave".[231] "Grow" would join the chat with another group, "Stay" would close the group chat and create a subreddit with that group as moderators and "Leave" would close the group chat.

For April Fools' Day 2017, featured a social experiment based on r/place. The subreddit contained a collaborative pixel art canvas, where a user could place a pixel every five minutes (the timer was temporarily ten and twenty minutes for a few hours on April 1).[232] Many people worked together to create large graphics, such as flags or symbols. Often subreddits would come together as a group to add a graphic from that community to place. Place was closed on April 3, 2017, at 1:00 PM GMT having been active for a full three days.[233]

For April Fools' Day 2018, an experiment launched on the subreddit r/circleoftrust.[234] Upon clicking a button, each user was given one "circle" that they could entrust to others with the circle's password key to unlock and join the circle. While each user received one personal circle, they could join or betray any other user circles. Clicking the "join" button on another's circle would cause the owner's circle to grow bigger, while the "betray" button would cause the owner's circle to no longer function (having "betrayed" the owner's trust). On the r/circleoftrust subreddit, all users have a "flair" next to their username that displays the number of users who've joined their personal circle, followed by the number of other circles the user has joined. Those who had betrayed another user's circle have a null sign ("∅") next to their numbered flair. The experiment ended on April 6, 2018.

For April Fools' Day 2019, a social experiment subreddit called r/sequence was released. The experiment consisted of a community-driven sequencer that users interacted with by submitting GIFs or text slides to be compiled into a movie.[235] The order of the GIFs and text slides were chosen by users through upvoting one GIF or text slide per scene. The most upvoted GIF or text slide was locked into the next available scene for every three minutes. At the end, once the entire sequence was filled, it was posted as a full story in an external page. The experiment ended at April 3, 2019, 11:08 PM GMT.[236]

For April Fools' Day 2020, r/imposter was released. Users were to identify a machine-generated response from a group of responses to the question "What makes you human?" (and, later, "What makes you an imposter?") and had an option to respond to the question after doing so. The experiment ended on April 3, 2020.

For April Fools' Day 2021, Reddit released r/second, in which users have to guess the second most popular option out of a group of three options.[237][238] The event ended after 2000 one-minute rounds, with the final round lasting one hour.

For April Fools' Day 2022, Reddit once again featured r/place, similar to the event featured in 2017. The subreddit featured a 1000 x 1000 pixel collaborative canvas which users could edit the color of a single pixel every five minutes. The event began on April 1, 2022 at 1:00 PM GMT, and would be live for 87 hours.[239] On the second day of r/place, the canvas was expanded from 1000 x 1000 to 2000 x 1000, allowing for more artwork.[240] On the third day of r/place, the canvas was once again expanded from 2000 x 1000 to 2000 x 2000. Before the event ended, users were only allowed to place white pixels, reverting the canvas back to its original state.

AMAs ("Ask Me Anything")

Main article: r/IAmA

AMAs, or "Ask Me Anything" interviews, are among Reddit's most popular features. As of August 1, 2018, r/IAmA, which is the most popular community for AMAs, was the eighth most popular subreddit on the site with 17.7 million subscribers.[241] During an AMA on r/IAmA and other subreddits, users can ask questions to interviewees. Notable participants include former-United States President Barack Obama (while campaigning for the 2012 election),[242] Bill Gates (multiple times),[243] and Donald Trump (also while campaigning).[244] AMAs have featured CEO Steve Huffman,[245] as well as figures from entertainment industries around the world (including Priyanka Chopra and George Clooney),[246][247] literature (Margaret Atwood),[248] space (Buzz Aldrin),[249] privacy (Edward Snowden),[250] fictional characters (including Borat and Cookie Monster) and others, such as experts who answered questions about the transgender community.[251] The Atlantic wrote that an AMA "imports the aspirational norms of honesty and authenticity from pseudonymous Internet forums into a public venue".[182]

RedditGifts

Main article: RedditGifts

RedditGifts was a program that offers gift exchanges throughout the year.[252] The fan-made RedditGifts site was created in 2009 for a Secret Santa exchange among Reddit users, which has since become the world's largest[253] and set a Guinness World record.[254] In 2009, 4,500 redditors participated.[253] For the 2010 holiday season, 92 countries were involved in the secret Santa program. There were 17,543 participants, and $662,907.60 was collectively spent on gift purchases and shipping costs.[255][256][257] In 2014, about 200,000 users from 188 countries participated.[258] Several celebrities have participated in the program, including Bill Gates,[259] Alyssa Milano,[260] and Snoop Dogg.[261] Eventually, the secret Santa program expanded to various other occasions through RedditGifts, which Reddit acquired in 2011.[253]

On June 9, 2021, Reddit announced the shutdown of Reddit Gifts, effective at the conclusion of the 2021 Secret Santa exchange; new account registration was disabled when the announcement was issued.[262]

Global Reddit Meetup Day

The online Reddit community conducts real-world meetups across the globe each summer.[263] These in-person meetups are called Global Reddit Meetup Day.[263][264]

Mr. Splashy Pants

Main article: Mr Splashy Pants
 
Mister Splashy Pants logo used on November 27, 2007

Reddit communities occasionally coordinate Reddit-external projects such as skewing polls on other websites, like the 2007 incident when Greenpeace allowed web users to decide the name of a humpback whale it was tracking. Reddit users voted en masse to name the whale "Mr. Splashy Pants", and Reddit administrators encouraged the prank by changing the site logo to a whale during the voting. In December of that year, Mister Splashy Pants was announced as the winner of the competition.[265][266]

Controversies

See also: Controversial Reddit communities

Overview

The website generally allows subreddit moderators to make editorial decisions about what content to allow.[267] Many of the default subreddits are highly moderated, with the "science" subreddit banning climate change denialism,[268] and the "news" subreddit banning opinion pieces and columns.[269] Reddit has changed its site-wide editorial policies several times, sometimes in reaction to controversies.[270][271][272][273] Reddit has historically been a platform for objectionable but legal content, and in 2011, news media covered the way that jailbait was being shared on the site before the site changed their policies to explicitly ban "suggestive or sexual content featuring minors".[274] Following some controversial incidents of Internet vigilantism, Reddit introduced a strict rule against the publication of non-public personally-identifying information via the site (colloquially known as doxxing). Those who break the rule are subject to a site-wide ban, which can result in the deletion of their user-generated content.

2013

Following the Boston Marathon bombing in April, Reddit faced criticism after users wrongly identified a number of people as suspects.[275] Notable among misidentified bombing suspects was Sunil Tripathi, a student reported missing before the bombings took place. A body reported to be Sunil's was found in Providence River in Rhode Island on April 25, according to Rhode Island Health Department. The cause of death was not immediately known, but authorities said they did not suspect foul play.[276] The family later confirmed Tripathi's death was a result of suicide.[277] Reddit general manager Martin later issued an apology for this behavior, criticizing the "online witch hunts and dangerous speculation" that took place on the website.[278] The incident was later referenced in the season 5 episode of the CBS TV series The Good Wife titled "Whack-a-Mole",[279] as well as The Newsroom.[280][281]

2014

In August, private sexual photos from the celebrity photo hack were widely disseminated across the site.[282][283] A dedicated subreddit, "TheFappening", was created for this purpose,[284] and contained links to most if not all of the criminally obtained explicit images.[285][286][287][288] Some images of McKayla Maroney and Liz Lee were identified by redditors and outside commentators as child pornography because the photos were taken when the women were underage.[289] The subreddit was banned on September 6.[290] The scandal led to wider criticisms concerning the website's administration from The Verge and The Daily Dot.[291][292]

On December 18, Reddit took a criticized action of banning a subreddit, "SonyGOP", that was being used to distribute hacked Sony files.[293]

2015

After Ellen Pao became CEO, she was initially a target of criticism by users who objected to the deletion of content critical of herself and her husband.[294] Later on June 10, Reddit shut down the 150,000-subscriber "fatpeoplehate" subreddit and four others citing issues related to harassment.[295] This move was seen as very controversial; some commenters said that the bans went too far, while others said that the bans did not go far enough.[296] One of the latter complaints concerned a subreddit that was "expressing support" for the perpetrator of the Charleston church shooting.[297] Responding to the accusations of "skewed enforcement", Reddit reaffirmed their commitment to free expression and stated, "There are some subreddits with very little viewership that get highlighted repeatedly for their content, but those are a tiny fraction of the content on the site."

On July 2, Reddit began experiencing a series of blackouts as moderators set popular subreddit communities to private, in an event dubbed "AMAgeddon", a portmanteau of AMA ("ask me anything") and Armageddon. This was done in protest of the recent firing of Victoria Taylor, an administrator who helped organize citizen-led interviews with famous people on the popular AMA subreddit. Organizers of the blackout also expressed resentment about the recent severance of the communication between Reddit and the moderators of subreddits.[298] The blackout intensified on July 3 when former community manager David Croach gave an AMA about being fired. Before deleting his posts, he stated that Ellen Pao dismissed him with one year of health coverage when he had cancer and did not recover quickly enough.[299][300] Following this, a Change.org petition to remove Pao as CEO of Reddit Inc. reached over 200,000 signatures.[301][302][303] Pao posted a response on July 3 as well as an extended version of it on July 6 in which she apologized for bad communication and not delivering on promises. She also apologized on behalf of the other administrators and noted that problems already existed over the past several years.[304][305][306][307] On July 10, Pao resigned as CEO and was replaced by former CEO and co-founder Steve Huffman.[308]

In August, Steve Huffman introduced a policy which led to the banning of several offensive and sexual communities. Included in the ban was lolicon, to which Huffman referred as "animated CP [child porn]".[309] Some subreddits had also been "quarantined" due to having "highly-offensive or upsetting content" such as r/European, r/swedenyes, r/drawpeople, r/kiketown, r/blackfathers, r/greatapes, and r/whitesarecriminals.[310]

2016

In May, Steve Huffman said in an interview at the TNW Conference that, unlike Facebook, which "only knows what [its users are] willing to declare publicly", Reddit knows its users' "dark secrets"[311][312][313] at the same time that the website's "values" page was updated in regards to its "privacy" section. The video reached the top of the website's main feed.[313][314] Shortly thereafter, announcements concerning new advertisement content drew criticism on the website.[315][316]

In September, a user named "mormondocuments" released thousands of administrative documents belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an action driven by the ex-Mormon and atheist communities on Reddit. Previously, on April 22, the same user had announced his plans to do so. Church officials commented that the documents did not contain anything confidential.[317][318]

On November 23, Huffman admitted to having replaced his user name with the names of r/The Donald moderators in many insulting comments.[319][320] He did so by changing insulting comments made towards him and made it appear as if the insult were directed at the moderators of r/The_Donald.[321]

On November 24, The Washington Post reported Reddit had banned the "Pizzagate" conspiracy board from their site, stating it violated their policy of posting personal information of others, triggering a wave of criticism from users on r/The_Donald, who felt the ban amounted to censorship.[322] After the forum was banned from Reddit, the words "we don't want witchhunts on our site" now appears on the former page of the Pizzagate subreddit.[323][324]

On November 30, Huffman announced changes to the algorithm of Reddit's r/all page to block "stickied" posts from a number of subreddits, such as r/The_Donald. In the announcement, he also apologized for personally editing posts by users from r/The_Donald, and declared intentions to take actions against "hundreds of the most toxic users" of Reddit and "communities whose users continually cross the line".[7][325][326]

2017

In February, Reddit banned the alt-right subreddit r/altright for violating its terms of service, more specifically for attempting to share private information about the man who attacked alt-right figure Richard B. Spencer.[327][328] The forum's users and moderators accused Reddit administrators of having political motivations for the ban.[329][330]

2018

In March, it was revealed that Huffman had hidden Russian troll activity from users.[331]

On July 12, the creator and head moderator of the GamerGate subreddit, r/KotakuInAction, removed all of the moderators and set the forum to private, alleging it to have become "infested with racism and sexism". A Reddit employee restored the forum and its moderators an hour later.[332][333]

2019

In January, the Filipino-themed subreddit r/jakolandia was accused of "distributing" posts of photos of women, including celebrities, apparently without their consent, similar to "a number" of secret Facebook groups that had been engaging in illegal activity of sharing "obscene" photos of women and possibly child pornography.[334]

In February, Chinese company Tencent invested $150 million into Reddit.[335][336] This resulted in a large backlash from Reddit users, who were worried about potential censorship.[337][338][339] Many posts featuring subjects censored in China, such as Tiananmen Square, Tank Man, and Winnie the Pooh, received popularity on Reddit.[336][339][340]

2020

During the George Floyd protests in early June, over 800 moderators signed an open letter demanding a policy banning hate speech, a shutdown of racist and sexist subreddits, and more employee support for moderation. Bloomberg News pointed out the company's slow reaction to r/watchpeopledie, a subreddit dedicated to videos of people dying in accidents and other situations, and the harassment that accompanied new unmoderated features like icons for purchase and public chats.[341]

On June 29, Reddit updated its content policy and introduced rules aimed at curbing the presence of communities they believed to be "promoting hate",[342] and banned approximately 2,000 subreddits that were found to be in violation of the new guidelines on the same day.[343] Larger subreddits affected by the bans included r/The_Donald,[344] r/GenderCritical[345] (the platform's largest and most active anti-transgender radical feminist subreddit),[346] and r/ChapoTrapHouse (a far-left subreddit originally created by fans of the podcast Chapo Trap House).[345] Some media outlets and political commentators also condemned the banning of the r/The_Donald and r/ChapoTrapHouse subreddits as a violation of the right to free political expression.[347]

2021

After the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Reddit banned the subreddit r/DonaldTrump in response to repeated policy violations and alluding to the potential influence the community had on those who participated in or supported the storming.[348] The move followed similar actions from social media platforms, Twitter, YouTube, TikTok and more.[349] The ban was criticized by those who believed it furthered an agenda and censorship of conservative ideologies.[350] The subreddit had over 52,000 members just before it was banned.[351]

The GameStop short squeeze was primarily organized on the subreddit r/wallstreetbets in January.[352]

In March, Reddit users discovered that Aimee Challenor, an English politician who had been suspended from two UK political parties, was hired as an administrator for the site. Her first suspension from the Green Party came for retaining her father as her campaign manager after his arrest on child sexual abuse charges. She was later suspended from the Liberal Democrats after tweets describing pedophilic fantasies were discovered on her partner's Twitter account. Reddit banned a moderator for posting a news article which mentioned Challenor, and some Reddit users alleged that Reddit were removing all mention of Challenor. A large number of subreddits, including r/Music which had 27 million subscribers, and 46 other subreddits with over 1 million subscribers, went private in protest.[353][354][355][356] On March 24, Reddit's CEO Steve Huffman said that Challenor had been inadequately vetted before being hired and that Reddit would review its relevant internal processes. Huffman attributed user suspensions to over-indexing on anti-harassment measures.[355] Challenor was also removed from her role as a Reddit admin.[357]

In late August, more than 70 subreddits went private to protest against COVID-19 misinformation on Reddit, as well as Reddit's refusal to delete subreddits undermining the severity of the pandemic.[358][359]

2022

In July 2022, Reddit banned the use of the word "groomer" as a slur against LGBTQ+ people, in addition to categorizing claims that transgender people are mentally ill as hate speech.[360]

Science

Aggregate Reddit user data has been used for scientific research.[361] For example, a 2014 study showed how subreddits can support role-based group recommendations or provide evaluation towards group stability and growth.[362] Another study evoked a connection between cognitive and attention dynamics and the usage of online social peer production platforms, including the effects of deterioration of user performance.[363] There is also work that has studied the influence of Reddit posts on the popularity of Wikipedia content.[364] A participant-observation study of April Fools' Day 2017 social experiment on r/place identified top-down and bottom-up coordination mechanisms, rules and emergence, and analyse their relative impact on the collaboratively created artwork, revealing cooperation and conflict, using qualitative and quantitative methods.[365]

Data from Reddit can also be used to assess academic publications.[366]

See also

Similar websites

General

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ The site's display interface is available in several common languages, but most of its user-submitted content is written in English with no built-in translation feature. Individual subreddits may opt to cater to a specific language, only allowing posts, comments, etc. in that language.
  2. ^ Reddit can be viewed without an account but registration is required to submit, comment or vote.
  3. ^ Previously written in Lisp, then rewritten in Python in 2005.

References

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January 13, 2023
reddit, stylized, lowercase, reddit, american, social, news, aggregation, content, rating, discussion, website, registered, users, commonly, referred, submit, content, site, such, links, text, posts, images, videos, which, then, voted, down, other, members, po. Reddit ˈ r ɛ d ɪ t stylized in all lowercase as reddit is an American social news aggregation content rating and discussion website Registered users commonly referred to as Redditors submit content to the site such as links text posts images and videos which are then voted up or down by other members Posts are organized by subject into user created boards called communities or subreddits Submissions with more upvotes appear towards the top of their subreddit and if they receive enough upvotes ultimately on the site s front page Reddit administrators moderate the communities Moderation is also conducted by community specific moderators who are not Reddit employees 7 Reddit Inc ScreenshotHomepage in November 2022Type of businessPrivateType of siteSocial newsAvailable inMultilingual notes 1 1 FoundedJune 23 2005 17 years ago 2005 06 23 2 HeadquartersSan Francisco California U S Area servedWorldwideOwnerAdvance Publications majority shareholder 3 Founder s Steve Huffman Aaron Swartz Alexis OhanianKey peopleSteve Huffman co founder and CEO Alexis Ohanian Aaron Swartz Jen Wong COO Drew Vollero CFO Christopher Slowe CTO IndustrySocial media AdvertisingRevenue gt US 100 million Q2 2021 4 Employees700 February 2021 5 URLwww wbr reddit wbr comAdvertisingBanner ads and promoted linksCommercialYesRegistrationOptional notes 2 Users52 million DAU Oct 2020 6 Current statusActiveWritten inPython notes 3 JavaScriptAs of December 2022 Reddit ranks as the 20th most visited website in the world and 6th most visited website in the U S according to Semrush 8 About 42 49 3 of its user base comes from the United States followed by the United Kingdom at 7 9 8 2 and Canada at 5 2 7 8 9 10 Twenty two percent of U S adults aged 18 to 29 years and 14 percent of U S adults aged 30 to 49 years regularly use Reddit 9 Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian with Aaron Swartz in 2005 Conde Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006 In 2011 Reddit became an independent subsidiary of Conde Nast s parent company Advance Publications 11 In October 2014 Reddit raised 50 million in a funding round led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen Peter Thiel Ron Conway Snoop Dogg and Jared Leto 12 Their investment valued the company at 500 million then 13 14 In July 2017 Reddit raised 200 million for a 1 8 billion valuation with Advance Publications remaining the majority stakeholder 15 In February 2019 a 300 million funding round led by Tencent brought the company s valuation to 3 billion 16 In August 2021 a 700 million funding round led by Fidelity Investments raised that valuation to over 10 billion 4 The company then reportedly filed for an IPO in December 2021 with a valuation of 15 billion dollars 17 18 Contents 1 History 2 Site overview 2 1 Users and moderators 2 2 Subreddits 2 3 Other features 2 4 Technology and design 2 4 1 Underlying code 2 4 2 Hosting and servers 2 4 3 Mobile apps 2 4 4 Product and design changes 2 4 5 Logo 3 Corporate affairs 4 Advertising 5 Community and culture 5 1 Philanthropy 5 2 Activism 5 2 1 March for Science 5 2 2 Internet privacy neutrality and anonymity 5 2 3 Restoring Truthiness campaign 5 3 Countries blocking Reddit 5 3 1 Indonesia 5 3 2 Russia 5 3 3 China 5 3 4 India 5 4 Community traditions 5 4 1 April Fools Day 5 4 2 AMAs Ask Me Anything 5 4 3 RedditGifts 5 4 4 Global Reddit Meetup Day 5 5 Mr Splashy Pants 6 Controversies 6 1 Overview 6 2 2013 6 3 2014 6 4 2015 6 5 2016 6 6 2017 6 7 2018 6 8 2019 6 9 2020 6 10 2021 6 11 2022 7 Science 8 See also 8 1 Similar websites 8 2 General 9 Explanatory notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistoryFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Reddit Co founder Alexis Ohanian speaking in 2009 Reddit s headquarters in the Mid Market neighborhood of San Francisco The idea and initial development of Reddit originated with at the time college roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005 Huffman and Ohanian attended a lecture by programmer entrepreneur Paul Graham in Boston Massachusetts during their spring break from University of Virginia 19 20 21 After speaking with Huffman and Ohanian following the lecture Graham invited the two to apply to his startup incubator Y Combinator 19 Their initial idea My Mobile Menu was unsuccessful 22 23 and was intended to allow users to order food by SMS text messaging 19 20 During a brainstorming session to pitch another startup the idea was created for what Graham called the front page of the Internet 23 For this idea Huffman and Ohanian were accepted in Y Combinator s first class 19 20 Supported by the funding from Y Combinator 24 Huffman coded the site in Common Lisp 25 and together with Ohanian launched Reddit in June 2005 26 27 Embarrassed by an empty looking site the founders created hundreds of fake users for their posts to make it look more populated 28 an example of a fake it till you make it strategy The team expanded to include Christopher Slowe in November 2005 Between November 2005 and January 2006 Reddit merged with Aaron Swartz s company Infogami and Swartz became an equal owner of the resulting parent company Not A Bug 29 30 Ohanian later wrote that instead of labeling Swartz as a co founder the correct description is that Swartz s company was acquired by Reddit 6 months after he and Huffman had started 31 Huffman and Ohanian sold Reddit to Conde Nast Publications owner of Wired on October 31 2006 for a reported 10 million to 20 million 19 32 and the team moved to San Francisco 32 In November 2006 Swartz blogged complaining about the new corporate environment criticizing its level of productivity 33 In January 2007 Swartz was fired for undisclosed reasons 34 Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit in 2009 35 Huffman went on to co found Hipmunk with Adam Goldstein and later recruited Ohanian 36 and Slowe to his new company 37 After Huffman and Ohanian left Reddit Erik Martin who joined the company as a community manager in 2008 and later became general manager in 2011 played a role in Reddit s growth 38 VentureBeat noted that Martin was responsible for keeping the site going under Conde Nast s ownership 39 Martin facilitated the purchase of Reddit Gifts and led charity initiatives 39 Reddit launched two different ways of advertising on the site in 2009 The company launched sponsored content 40 and a self serve ads platform that year 41 42 Reddit launched its Reddit Gold benefits program in July 2010 which offered new features to editors and created a new revenue stream for the business that did not rely on banner ads 43 On September 6 2011 Reddit became operationally independent of Conde Nast operating as a separate subsidiary of its parent company Advance Publications 44 Reddit and other websites participated in a 12 hour sitewide blackout on January 18 2012 in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act 45 46 In May 2012 Reddit joined the Internet Defense League a group formed to organize future protests 47 Yishan Wong joined Reddit as CEO in 2012 48 Wong resigned from Reddit in 2014 citing disagreements about his proposal to move the company s offices from San Francisco to nearby Daly City but also the stressful and draining nature of the position 49 50 Ohanian credited Wong with the company s newfound success as its user base grew from 35 million to 174 million 50 Wong oversaw the company as it raised 50 million in funding and spun off as an independent company 41 Also during this time Reddit began accepting the digital currency Bitcoin for its Reddit Gold subscription service through a partnership with bitcoin payment processor Coinbase in February 2013 51 Ellen Pao replaced Wong as interim CEO in 2014 and resigned in 2015 amid a user revolt over the firing of a popular Reddit employee 52 During her tenure Reddit initiated an anti harassment policy 53 banned involuntary sexualization and banned several forums that focused on bigoted content or harassment of individuals 54 After five years away from the company Ohanian and Huffman returned to leadership roles at Reddit Ohanian became the full time executive chairman in November 2014 following Wong s resignation while Pao s departure on July 10 2015 led to Huffman s return as the company s chief executive 55 56 After Huffman rejoined Reddit as CEO he launched Reddit s iOS and Android apps fixed Reddit s mobile website and created A B testing infrastructure 19 The company launched a major redesign of its website in April 2018 57 Huffman said new users were turned off from Reddit because it had looked like a dystopian Craigslist 57 Reddit also instituted several technological improvements 58 such as a new tool that allows users to hide posts comments and private messages from selected redditors in an attempt to curb online harassment 59 and new content guidelines These new content guidelines were aimed at banning content inciting violence and quarantining offensive material 19 58 Slowe the company s first employee rejoined Reddit in 2017 as chief technology officer 60 Reddit s largest round of funding came in 2017 when the company raised 200 million and was valued at 1 8 billion 15 The funding supported Reddit s site redesign and video efforts 15 On June 5 2020 Alexis Ohanian resigned as a member of the board in response to the George Floyd protests and requested to be replaced by a Black candidate 61 On December 13 2020 Reddit announced it had acquired short form video social platform Dubsmash hiring its entire team with the intention of integrating its video creation tools into Reddit 62 On March 5 2021 Reddit announced that it had appointed Drew Vollero who has worked at Snapchat s parent company Snap SNAP as its first Chief Financial Officer weeks after the site was thrust into the spotlight due to its role in the GameStop trading frenzy Vollero s appointment spurred speculation of an initial public offering a move that senior leaders have considered publicly 63 In December 2021 Reddit revealed that it had confidentially filed for an initial public offering with the U S Securities and Exchange Commission 64 65 66 In June 2022 Reddit acquired MeaningCloud a natural language processing company 67 68 In September 2022 Reddit acquired Spiketrap for an undisclosed sum 69 Site overviewReddit is a website comprising user generated content including photos videos links and text based posts and discussions of this content in what is essentially a bulletin board system 70 71 The name Reddit is a play on words with the phrase read it i e I read it on Reddit 72 73 According to Reddit in 2019 there were approximately 430 million monthly users 74 who are known as redditors 57 The site s content is divided into categories or communities known on site as subreddits of which there are more than 138 000 active communities 75 As a network of communities Reddit s core content consists of posts from its users 70 71 Users can comment on others posts to continue the conversation 70 A key feature to Reddit is that users can cast positive or negative votes called upvotes and downvotes respectively for each post and comment on the site 70 The number of upvotes or downvotes determines the posts visibility on the site so the most popular content is displayed to the most people 70 Users can also earn karma for their posts and comments a status that reflects their standing within the community and their contributions to Reddit 70 Posts are sometimes automatically archived after six months meaning they can no longer be commented or voted on citation needed The most popular posts from the site s numerous subreddits are visible on the front page to those who browse the site without an account 75 76 By default for those users the front page will display the subreddit r popular featuring top ranked posts across all of Reddit excluding not safe for work communities and others that are most commonly filtered out by users even if they are safe for work 77 78 The subreddit r all originally did not filter topics 79 but as of 2021 it does not include not safe for work content 80 Registered users who subscribe to subreddits see the top content from the subreddits to which they subscribe on their personal front pages 75 76 Front page rank for both the general front page and for individual subreddits is determined by a combination of factors including the age of the submission positive upvoted to negative downvoted feedback ratio and the total vote count 81 Users and moderators Registering an account with Reddit is free and does not require an email address 82 83 In addition to commenting and voting registered users can also create their own subreddit on a topic of their choosing 84 In Reddit style usernames begin with u For example noteworthy redditors include u Poem for your sprog who responds to messages across Reddit in verse 85 u Shitty Watercolour who posts paintings in response to posts 86 u gallowboob with the second highest karma on Reddit 87 and u spez the CEO of Reddit Steve Huffman Subreddits are overseen by moderators Reddit users who earn the title by creating a subreddit or being promoted by a current moderator 75 These moderators are volunteers who manage their communities set and enforce community specific rules remove posts and comments that violate these rules and generally work to keep discussions in their subreddit on topic 75 88 89 Admins by contrast are paid to work for Reddit 88 Reddit also releases transparency reports annually which have information like how many posts have been taken down by moderators and for what reason It also details information about requests law enforcement agencies have made for information about users or to take down content 90 In 2020 Reddit removed 6 of posts made on their platform approx 233 million More than 99 of removals were marked as spam the remainder made up of a mix of other offensive content Around 131 million posts were removed by the automated moderator and the rest were taken down manually 91 92 It is estimated that Reddit s moderators do a total of 466 hours of work every day which totals up to 3 4 million in unpaid work each year 93 This roughly equates to 2 8 of the company s annual revenue 93 Subreddits r redirects here For the letter R see R For other uses see r disambiguation source source source source source source source source source source source source source source Nathan Allen speaks about the r science community to the American Chemical Society Subreddits officially called communities are user created areas of interest where discussions on Reddit are organized There are about 138 000 active subreddits among a total of 1 2 million as of July 2018 update 94 95 Subreddit names begin with r for instance r science is a community devoted to discussing scientific publications while r gaming is a community devoted to discussing video games and r worldnews is for posting news articles from around the world In a 2014 interview with Memeburn Erik Martin then general manager of Reddit remarked that their approach is to give the community moderators or curators as much control as possible so that they can shape and cultivate the type of communities they want 96 Subreddits often use themed variants of Reddit s alien mascot Snoo in the visual styling of their communities 97 Other features Reddit Premium formerly Reddit Gold is a premium membership that allows users to view the site ad free 98 99 Users may also be gifted coins if another user particularly valued the comment or post generally due to humorous or high quality content Reddit Premium unlocks several features not accessible to regular users such as comment highlighting exclusive subreddits and a personalized Snoo known as a snoovatar 100 101 Reddit Gold was renamed to Reddit Premium in 2018 In addition to gold coins users can gift silver and platinum coins to other users as rewards for quality content 102 Reddit Public Access Network commonly known as RPAN is a live streaming service run by Reddit 103 Every broadcaster is given a three hour limit on broadcasting however this time limit can be extended if streamers receive Awards from other users 104 The viewers can interact with streams by upvoting or downvoting chatting and by giving paid awards During the off air hours 24 7 streaming is possible to the dedicated subreddits but with limited slots and capabilities 105 On August 19 2019 Reddit announced RPAN It was said to be in testing but they were experimenting with making it a permanent program as well as a way to increase revenue for the platform 106 Later a five day testing period began During the testing period streaming was for a select group of users allowing 30 minutes of streaming per person and 100 slots 107 On July 1 2020 RPAN Studio was released an application that allows users to broadcast live from desktop computers RPAN Studio has been built on top of OBS an open source streaming and recording program 108 On January 28 2021 Reddit permanently increased streaming times to three hours 109 RPAN was officially discontinued on November 15 2022 110 On July 7 2022 Reddit announced blockchain backed Collectible Avatars customizable avatars which are available on the subreddit r CollectibleAvatars for purchase separate from Reddit Premium The avatars were created by independent artists who post work on other subreddits and who receive a portion of the profits They use Reddit s Polygon blockchain powered digital wallet the Vault 111 Richard Lawler of The Verge described them as non fungible tokens NFTs that are available for purchase in the Reddit Avatar Builder 112 as NFTs are controversial this attracted attention from many media outlets On the site redditors commemorate their cake day once a year on the anniversary of the day their account was created 113 Cake day adds an icon of a small slice of cake next to the user s name for 24 hours 114 In 2017 Reddit developed its own real time chat software for the site 115 While some established subreddits have used third party software to chat about their communities the company built chat functions that it hopes will become an integral part of Reddit 115 Individual chat rooms were rolled out in 2017 and community chat rooms for members of a given subreddit were rolled out in 2018 115 116 117 In 2019 Reddit tested a new feature which allowed users to tip others It was only made available for a user named Chris who goes by the alias u shittymorph who was known for posting well written comments only for them to end with the same copypasta referencing the 1998 Hell in a Cell match between wrestlers The Undertaker and Mankind 118 119 Reddit Talk was announced in April 2021 as a competitor to Clubhouse Reddit Talk lets subreddit moderators start audio meeting rooms that mimick Clubhouse in design 120 In 2022 Reddit Talk was updated to support recording audio rooms and work on the web version of Reddit A desktop app is reportedly slated for a late February release 121 In August 2021 the company introduced a TikTok like short form video feature for iOS that lets users rapidly swipe through a feed of short video content 122 In December 2021 the company introduced a Spotify Wrapped like feature called Reddit Recap that recaps various statistics from January 1 to November 30 about each individual user such as how much time they spent on Reddit which communities they joined and the topics that they engaged with and allows the user to view it 123 Technology and design Underlying code Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp but was rewritten in Python in December 2005 124 for wider access to code libraries and greater development flexibility The Python web framework that Swartz developed to run the site web py is available as an open source project 125 As of November 10 2009 update Reddit used Pylons as its web framework 126 Reddit was an open source project from June 18 2008 until 2017 127 128 During that time all of the code and libraries written for Reddit were freely available on GitHub with the exception of the anti spam cheating portions 129 In a September 2017 announcement the company stated that we ve been doing a bad job of keeping our open source product repos up to date partially because open source makes it hard for us to develop some features in the clear without leaking our plans too far in advance prompting the decision to archive its public GitHub repos 128 Hosting and servers As of November 10 2009 update Reddit decommissioned its own servers and migrated to Amazon Web Services 130 Reddit uses PostgreSQL as its primary datastore 131 It uses RabbitMQ for offline processing HAProxy for load balancing and memcached for caching In early 2009 Reddit started using jQuery 132 Mobile apps In 2010 Reddit released its first mobile web interface for easier reading and navigating the website on touch screen devices 133 For several years redditors relied on third party apps to access Reddit on mobile devices In October 2014 Reddit acquired one of them Alien Blue which became the official iOS Reddit app 134 Reddit removed Alien Blue and released its official application Reddit The Official App on Google Play and the iOS App Store in April 2016 135 The company released an app for Reddit s question and answer Ask Me Anything subreddit in 2014 136 The app allowed users to see active Ask Me Anythings receive notifications ask questions and vote 136 Product and design changes Reddit homepage in 2005 the site s design was based on this until the 2018 redesign but the classic layout is still available on old reddit com The site has undergone several products and design changes since it originally launched in 2005 When it initially launched there were no comments or subreddits Comments were added in 2005 57 137 and interest based groups called subreddits were introduced in 2008 138 Allowing users to create subreddits has led to much of the activity that redditors would recognize that helped define Reddit These include subreddits WTF funny and AskReddit 138 Reddit rolled out its multireddit feature the site s biggest change to its front page in years in 2013 139 With the multireddits users see top stories from a collection of subreddits 139 In 2015 Reddit enabled embedding so users could share Reddit content on other sites 140 In 2016 Reddit began hosting images using a new image uploading tool a move that shifted away from the uploading service Imgur that had been the de facto service 141 Users still can upload images to Reddit using Imgur 141 Reddit s in house video uploading service for desktop and mobile launched in 2017 142 Previously users had to use third party video uploading services which Reddit acknowledged was time consuming for users 142 Reddit released its spoiler tags feature in January 2017 143 The feature warns users of potential spoilers in posts and pixelates preview images 143 Reddit unveiled changes to its public front page called r popular in 2017 79 the change creates a front page free of potentially adult oriented content for unregistered users 79 In late 2017 Reddit declared it wanted to be a mobile first site launching several changes to its apps for iOS and Android 113 The new features included user to user chat a theater mode for viewing visual content and mobile tools for the site s moderators Mod mode lets moderators manage content and their subreddits on mobile devices 113 Reddit launched its redesigned website in 2018 with its first major visual update in a decade 57 Development for the new site took more than a year 57 It was the result of an initiative by Huffman upon returning to Reddit who said the site s outdated look deterred new users 57 The new site features a hamburger menu to help users navigate the site different views and new fonts to better inform redditors if they are clicking on a Reddit post or an external link 57 The goal was not only for Reddit to improve its appearance but also to make it easier to accommodate a new generation of Reddit users 57 Additionally Reddit s growth had strained the site s back end 144 Huffman and Reddit Vice President of Engineering Nick Caldwell told The Wall Street Journal s COI Journal that Reddit needed to leverage artificial intelligence and other modern digital tools 144 Registered users can opt out from the redesign and use Old Reddit which continues to use the previous design Unregistered users can access it via old reddit com 145 Logo Original Reddit wordmark 2005 2018 still seen on the classic Reddit interface Reddit s logo consists of a time traveling alien named Snoo and the company name stylized as reddit The alien has an oval head pom pom ears and an antenna 146 Its colors are black white and orange red 146 The mascot was created in 2005 while company co founder Alexis Ohanian was an undergraduate at the University of Virginia 147 Ohanian doodled the creature while bored in a marketing class 97 Originally Ohanian sought to name the mascot S new a play on What s new to tie the mascot into Reddit s premise as the front page of the Internet 146 97 Eventually the name Snoo was chosen 146 In 2011 Ohanian outlined the logo s evolution with a graphic that showcased several early versions including various spellings of the website name such as Reditt 147 Snoo is genderless so the logo is moldable 146 148 Over the years the Reddit logo has frequently changed for holidays and other special events 147 Many subreddits have a customized Snoo logo to represent the subreddit 97 Redditors can also submit their own logos which sometimes appear on the site s front page or create their own customized versions of Snoo for their communities or subreddits 147 57 When Reddit revamped its website in April 2018 the company imposed several restrictions on how Snoo can be designed Snoo s head should always appear blank or neutral Snoo s eyes are orange red and Snoo cannot have fingers 146 Snoo s purpose is to discover and explore humanity 146 Corporate affairsReddit is a private company based in San Francisco California 149 94 It has an office in the Mid Market neighborhood 150 Reddit doubled its headcount in 2017 151 as of 2018 update it employed approximately 350 people 94 In 2017 the company was valued at 1 8 billion during a 200 million round of new venture funding 15 41 The company was previously owned by Conde Nast but was spun off as an independent company 41 As of April 2018 update Advance Publications Conde Nast s parent company retained a majority stake in Reddit 94 Reddit s key management personnel includes co founder and CEO Steve Huffman 19 Chief Technology Officer Chris Slowe who was the company s original lead engineer 60 and Chief Operating Officer Jen Wong a former president of digital and chief operating officer at Time Inc 99 Reddit does not disclose its revenue figures 15 99 The company generates revenue in part through advertising and premium memberships that remove ads from the site 99 98 As part of its company culture Reddit operates on a no negotiation policy for employee salaries 152 The company offers new mothers fathers and adoptive parents up to 16 weeks of parental leave 153 As of August 2021 Reddit is valued at more than 10 billion following a 410 million funding round 154 The company is looking to hire investment bankers and lawyers to assist in making an initial public offering which is expected in 2022 However CEO Steve Huffman says the company has not decided on the timing for when to go public 155 In December 2021 Reddit announced they had filed a draft registration statement with the SEC regarding their prospective IPO 156 157 AdvertisingIn February 2013 Betabeat published a post that recognized the influx of multinational corporations like Costco Taco Bell Subaru and McDonald s posting branded content on Reddit that was made to appear as if it was original content from legitimate Reddit users 158 PAN Communications wrote that marketers want to infiltrate the reddit community on behalf of their brand but emphasized that self promotion is frowned upon and Reddit s former director of communications noted that the site is 100 percent organic 159 160 161 162 She recommended that advertisers design promotions that spark conversations and feedback 163 She recommended that businesses use AMAs to get attention for public figures but cautioned It is important to approach AMAs carefully and be aware that this may not be a fit for every project or client 164 Nissan ran a successful branded content promotion offering users free gifts to publicize a new car 165 166 though the company was later ridiculed for suspected astroturfing when the CEO only answered puff piece questions on the site 167 168 Taylor described these situations as high risk noting We try hard to educate people that they have to treat questions that may seem irreverent or out of left field the same as they would questions about the specific project they are promoting 169 Reddit s users tend to be more privacy conscious than on other websites often using tools like AdBlock and proxies 170 and they dislike feeling manipulated by brands but respond well to content that begs for intelligent viewers and participants 171 Lauren Orsini writes in ReadWrite that Reddit s huge community is the perfect hype machine for promoting a new movie a product release or a lagging political campaign but there is a very specific set of etiquette Redditors don t want to advertise for you they want to talk to you 172 Journalists have used the site as a basis for stories though they are advised by the site s policies to respect that reddit s communities belong to their members and to seek proper attribution for people s contributions 173 Reddit announced that they would begin using VigLink to redirect affiliate links in June 2016 174 175 Since 2017 Reddit has partnered with companies to host sponsored AMAs and other interactive events 176 177 increased advertising offerings 178 and introduced efforts to work with content publishers 179 In 2018 Reddit hired Jen Wong as COO responsible for the company s business strategy and growth and introduced native mobile ads 99 Reddit opened a Chicago office to be closer to major companies and advertising agencies located in and around Chicago 180 In 2019 Reddit hired former Twitter ad director Shariq Rizvi as its vice president of ad products and engineering 181 Community and cultureThe website is known for its open nature and diverse user community that generate its content 182 Its demographics allows for wide ranging subject areas as well as the ability for smaller subreddits to serve more niche purposes 88 The possibilities that subreddits provide create new opportunities for raising attention and fostering discussion across various areas In gaining popularity in terms of unique users per day Reddit has been a platform to raise publicity for a number of causes 183 Additionally the user base of Reddit has given birth to other websites including image sharing community and image host Imgur which started in 2009 as a gift to Reddit s community 184 In its first five months it jumped from a thousand hits per day to a million total page views 185 Statistics from Google Ad Planner suggest that 74 of Reddit users are male 186 In 2016 the Pew Research Center published research showing that 4 of U S adults use Reddit of which 67 are men 78 of users get news from Reddit 187 Users tend to be significantly younger than average with less than 1 of users being 65 or over 187 Politically Reddit s community is predominantly left leaning with less than 19 of its users leaning to the right 188 Reddit is known in part for its passionate user base 94 which has been described as offbeat quirky and anti establishment 149 Similar to the Slashdot effect the Reddit effect occurs when a smaller website crashes due to a high influx of traffic after being linked to on Reddit this is also called the Reddit hug of death 189 190 Philanthropy Users have used Reddit as a platform for their charitable and philanthropic efforts 191 Redditors raised more than 100 000 for charity in support of comedians Jon Stewart s and Stephen Colbert s Rally to Restore Sanity and or Fear more than 180 000 for Haiti earthquake relief efforts and delivered food pantries Amazon wish lists 192 191 193 In 2010 Christians Muslims and atheists held a friendly fundraising competition where the groups raised more than 50 000 194 A similar donation drive in 2011 saw the atheism subreddit raise over 200 000 for charity 195 In February 2014 Reddit announced it would donate 10 of its annual ad revenue to non profits voted upon by its users 196 As a result of the campaign Reddit donating 82 765 each to Electronic Frontier Foundation Planned Parenthood Federation of America Doctors Without Borders Erowid Center Wikimedia Foundation Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies NPR Free Software Foundation Freedom From Religion Foundation and Tor Project 197 Activism See also Digital citizen Netizen and Online social movement Reddit has been used for a wide variety of political engagement including the presidential campaigns of Barack Obama 198 199 Donald Trump 200 Hillary Clinton 201 and Bernie Sanders 202 It has also been used for self organizing sociopolitical activism such as protests communication with politicians and active communities Reddit has become a popular place for worldwide political discussions 203 March for Science Main article March for Science The March for Science originated from a discussion on Reddit over the deletion of all references to climate change from the White House website about which a user commented that There needs to be a Scientists March on Washington 204 205 206 On April 22 2017 more than 1 million scientists and supporters participated in more than 600 events in 66 countries across the globe 207 Internet privacy neutrality and anonymity Reddit users have been engaged in the defense of Internet privacy net neutrality and Internet anonymity Reddit created an Internet blackout day and was joined by Wikipedia and other sites in 2012 in protest of the Stop Online Piracy and Protect IP acts 208 209 On January 18 Reddit participated in a 12 hour sitewide blackout to coincide with a congressional committee hearing on the measures 209 210 During that time Reddit displayed a message on the legislation s effects on Reddit in addition to resources on the proposed laws 210 In May 2012 Reddit joined the Internet Defense League a group formed to organize future protests 47 The site and its users protested the Federal Communications Commission as it prepared to scrap net neutrality rules 211 In 2017 users upvoted Battle for the Net posts enough times that they filled up the entire front page 211 On another day the front page was overtaken by posts showcasing campaign donations received by members of Congress from the telecommunications industry 211 Reddit CEO Steve Huffman has also advocated for net neutrality rules 212 213 In 2017 Huffman told The New York Times that without net neutrality protections you give internet service providers the ability to choose winners and losers 212 On Reddit Huffman urged redditors to express support for net neutrality and contact their elected representatives in Washington D C 213 Huffman said that the repeal of net neutrality rules stifles competition He said he and Reddit would continue to advocate for net neutrality 214 Restoring Truthiness campaign As a response to Glenn Beck s August 28 2010 Restoring Honor rally in September 2010 Reddit users started a movement to persuade satirist Stephen Colbert to have a counter rally in Washington D C 215 The movement which came to be called Restoring Truthiness was started by user mrsammercer in a post where he described waking up from a dream in which Stephen Colbert was holding a satirical rally in D C 216 Over 100 000 was raised for charity to gain the attention of Colbert 192 The campaign was mentioned on air several times and when the Rally to Restore Sanity and or Fear was held in Washington D C on October 30 2010 thousands of redditors made the journey 217 During a post rally press conference Reddit co founder Ohanian asked What role did the Internet campaign play in convincing you to hold this rally Jon Stewart responded by saying that though it was a very nice gesture he and Colbert had already thought of the idea and the deposit for using the National Mall was already paid during the summer so it acted mostly as a validation of what we were thinking about attempting 218 In a message to the Reddit community Colbert later added I have no doubt that your efforts to organize and the joy you clearly brought to your part of the story contributed greatly to the turnout and success 219 Countries blocking Reddit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2020 Indonesia Since May 2014 Reddit has been blocked in Indonesia by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology for hosting content containing nudity 220 221 Russia In August 2015 Russia banned Reddit after Russia s Federal Drug Control Service decided that Reddit promoted conversations about psychedelic drugs The site was later unblocked 222 China See also Internet censorship in China In June 2015 Reddit was blocked in China for a few weeks The site was unblocked later 223 It was then re blocked in August 2018 and has remained blocked ever since 224 India ISPs in India were found to be blocking traffic over Reddit for intermittent periods in some regions in 2019 225 Community traditions April Fools Day Main articles The Button Reddit and Place Reddit On April Fools Day 2010 Reddit s first massive April Fool s social experiment was to make everyone on site an admin For 24 hours users could ban one another modify upvotes delete comments and votes Any modifications to Reddit only occurred through the user s perspective While many caught on others began threatening fellow users with their admin privileges and went on mini power trips demonstrating that great power is not always accompanied by great responsibility On April Fools Day 2011 Reddit replaced its Reddit Gold subscription with Reddit Mold a joke version of the premium service that could be given to users to make the website experience worse For example users who were given Mold would only be able to see fewer posts per page as well as not being able to post anything containing the letter E These effects were amplified upon receiving more Mold such as losing the ability to post another letter for each Mold received 226 On April Fools Day 2013 Reddit claimed that it had acquired the video game Team Fortress 2 and initiated a site wide event where users were randomly assigned into two teams Orangered and Periwinkle based on both the colors of the Team Fortress 2 teams as well as the colors of the upvote and downvote buttons As in Team Fortress 2 users were randomly given items and cosmetics to use most importantly weapons to use against users on the opposing team 227 Valve also participated in the event updating Team Fortress 2 with Reddit related cosmetics 228 When the event ended team Orangered was declared the victor For April Fools Day 2014 Reddit did headdit a joke way to navigate and use the website using the webcam For April Fools Day 2015 a social experiment subreddit called r thebutton appeared It displayed a button and a 60 second countdown timer User accounts created before that day were eligible to participate A user could only click the button once or opt not to click it If a user clicked the button the timer was globally reset to 60 seconds 229 and the user s flair an icon next to the user s name changed color Colors were assigned based on a gradient from purple to red with purple signifying up to 60 seconds and red as low as 0 seconds The countdown reached zero several times due to technical problems but eventually expired without further problems on June 5 2015 after which the subreddit was archived 230 For April Fools Day 2016 another experiment was launched involving the Robin chat widget After clicking a titular button an IRC like chat window was opened with one other user and allowed a certain time to pick among three options Grow Stay and Leave 231 Grow would join the chat with another group Stay would close the group chat and create a subreddit with that group as moderators and Leave would close the group chat For April Fools Day 2017 featured a social experiment based on r place The subreddit contained a collaborative pixel art canvas where a user could place a pixel every five minutes the timer was temporarily ten and twenty minutes for a few hours on April 1 232 Many people worked together to create large graphics such as flags or symbols Often subreddits would come together as a group to add a graphic from that community to place Place was closed on April 3 2017 at 1 00 PM GMT having been active for a full three days 233 For April Fools Day 2018 an experiment launched on the subreddit r circleoftrust 234 Upon clicking a button each user was given one circle that they could entrust to others with the circle s password key to unlock and join the circle While each user received one personal circle they could join or betray any other user circles Clicking the join button on another s circle would cause the owner s circle to grow bigger while the betray button would cause the owner s circle to no longer function having betrayed the owner s trust On the r circleoftrust subreddit all users have a flair next to their username that displays the number of users who ve joined their personal circle followed by the number of other circles the user has joined Those who had betrayed another user s circle have a null sign next to their numbered flair The experiment ended on April 6 2018 For April Fools Day 2019 a social experiment subreddit called r sequence was released The experiment consisted of a community driven sequencer that users interacted with by submitting GIFs or text slides to be compiled into a movie 235 The order of the GIFs and text slides were chosen by users through upvoting one GIF or text slide per scene The most upvoted GIF or text slide was locked into the next available scene for every three minutes At the end once the entire sequence was filled it was posted as a full story in an external page The experiment ended at April 3 2019 11 08 PM GMT 236 For April Fools Day 2020 r imposter was released Users were to identify a machine generated response from a group of responses to the question What makes you human and later What makes you an imposter and had an option to respond to the question after doing so The experiment ended on April 3 2020 For April Fools Day 2021 Reddit released r second in which users have to guess the second most popular option out of a group of three options 237 238 The event ended after 2000 one minute rounds with the final round lasting one hour For April Fools Day 2022 Reddit once again featured r place similar to the event featured in 2017 The subreddit featured a 1000 x 1000 pixel collaborative canvas which users could edit the color of a single pixel every five minutes The event began on April 1 2022 at 1 00 PM GMT and would be live for 87 hours 239 On the second day of r place the canvas was expanded from 1000 x 1000 to 2000 x 1000 allowing for more artwork 240 On the third day of r place the canvas was once again expanded from 2000 x 1000 to 2000 x 2000 Before the event ended users were only allowed to place white pixels reverting the canvas back to its original state AMAs Ask Me Anything Main article r IAmA AMAs or Ask Me Anything interviews are among Reddit s most popular features As of August 1 2018 update r IAmA which is the most popular community for AMAs was the eighth most popular subreddit on the site with 17 7 million subscribers 241 During an AMA on r IAmA and other subreddits users can ask questions to interviewees Notable participants include former United States President Barack Obama while campaigning for the 2012 election 242 Bill Gates multiple times 243 and Donald Trump also while campaigning 244 AMAs have featured CEO Steve Huffman 245 as well as figures from entertainment industries around the world including Priyanka Chopra and George Clooney 246 247 literature Margaret Atwood 248 space Buzz Aldrin 249 privacy Edward Snowden 250 fictional characters including Borat and Cookie Monster and others such as experts who answered questions about the transgender community 251 The Atlantic wrote that an AMA imports the aspirational norms of honesty and authenticity from pseudonymous Internet forums into a public venue 182 RedditGifts Main article RedditGifts RedditGifts was a program that offers gift exchanges throughout the year 252 The fan made RedditGifts site was created in 2009 for a Secret Santa exchange among Reddit users which has since become the world s largest 253 and set a Guinness World record 254 In 2009 4 500 redditors participated 253 For the 2010 holiday season 92 countries were involved in the secret Santa program There were 17 543 participants and 662 907 60 was collectively spent on gift purchases and shipping costs 255 256 257 In 2014 about 200 000 users from 188 countries participated 258 Several celebrities have participated in the program including Bill Gates 259 Alyssa Milano 260 and Snoop Dogg 261 Eventually the secret Santa program expanded to various other occasions through RedditGifts which Reddit acquired in 2011 253 On June 9 2021 Reddit announced the shutdown of Reddit Gifts effective at the conclusion of the 2021 Secret Santa exchange new account registration was disabled when the announcement was issued 262 Global Reddit Meetup Day The online Reddit community conducts real world meetups across the globe each summer 263 These in person meetups are called Global Reddit Meetup Day 263 264 Mr Splashy Pants Main article Mr Splashy Pants Mister Splashy Pants logo used on November 27 2007Reddit communities occasionally coordinate Reddit external projects such as skewing polls on other websites like the 2007 incident when Greenpeace allowed web users to decide the name of a humpback whale it was tracking Reddit users voted en masse to name the whale Mr Splashy Pants and Reddit administrators encouraged the prank by changing the site logo to a whale during the voting In December of that year Mister Splashy Pants was announced as the winner of the competition 265 266 ControversiesSee also Controversial Reddit communities Overview The website generally allows subreddit moderators to make editorial decisions about what content to allow 267 Many of the default subreddits are highly moderated with the science subreddit banning climate change denialism 268 and the news subreddit banning opinion pieces and columns 269 Reddit has changed its site wide editorial policies several times sometimes in reaction to controversies 270 271 272 273 Reddit has historically been a platform for objectionable but legal content and in 2011 news media covered the way that jailbait was being shared on the site before the site changed their policies to explicitly ban suggestive or sexual content featuring minors 274 Following some controversial incidents of Internet vigilantism Reddit introduced a strict rule against the publication of non public personally identifying information via the site colloquially known as doxxing Those who break the rule are subject to a site wide ban which can result in the deletion of their user generated content 2013 Following the Boston Marathon bombing in April Reddit faced criticism after users wrongly identified a number of people as suspects 275 Notable among misidentified bombing suspects was Sunil Tripathi a student reported missing before the bombings took place A body reported to be Sunil s was found in Providence River in Rhode Island on April 25 according to Rhode Island Health Department The cause of death was not immediately known but authorities said they did not suspect foul play 276 The family later confirmed Tripathi s death was a result of suicide 277 Reddit general manager Martin later issued an apology for this behavior criticizing the online witch hunts and dangerous speculation that took place on the website 278 The incident was later referenced in the season 5 episode of the CBS TV series The Good Wife titled Whack a Mole 279 as well as The Newsroom 280 281 2014 In August private sexual photos from the celebrity photo hack were widely disseminated across the site 282 283 A dedicated subreddit TheFappening was created for this purpose 284 and contained links to most if not all of the criminally obtained explicit images 285 286 287 288 Some images of McKayla Maroney and Liz Lee were identified by redditors and outside commentators as child pornography because the photos were taken when the women were underage 289 The subreddit was banned on September 6 290 The scandal led to wider criticisms concerning the website s administration from The Verge and The Daily Dot 291 292 On December 18 Reddit took a criticized action of banning a subreddit SonyGOP that was being used to distribute hacked Sony files 293 2015 After Ellen Pao became CEO she was initially a target of criticism by users who objected to the deletion of content critical of herself and her husband 294 Later on June 10 Reddit shut down the 150 000 subscriber fatpeoplehate subreddit and four others citing issues related to harassment 295 This move was seen as very controversial some commenters said that the bans went too far while others said that the bans did not go far enough 296 One of the latter complaints concerned a subreddit that was expressing support for the perpetrator of the Charleston church shooting 297 Responding to the accusations of skewed enforcement Reddit reaffirmed their commitment to free expression and stated There are some subreddits with very little viewership that get highlighted repeatedly for their content but those are a tiny fraction of the content on the site On July 2 Reddit began experiencing a series of blackouts as moderators set popular subreddit communities to private in an event dubbed AMAgeddon a portmanteau of AMA ask me anything and Armageddon This was done in protest of the recent firing of Victoria Taylor an administrator who helped organize citizen led interviews with famous people on the popular AMA subreddit Organizers of the blackout also expressed resentment about the recent severance of the communication between Reddit and the moderators of subreddits 298 The blackout intensified on July 3 when former community manager David Croach gave an AMA about being fired Before deleting his posts he stated that Ellen Pao dismissed him with one year of health coverage when he had cancer and did not recover quickly enough 299 300 Following this a Change org petition to remove Pao as CEO of Reddit Inc reached over 200 000 signatures 301 302 303 Pao posted a response on July 3 as well as an extended version of it on July 6 in which she apologized for bad communication and not delivering on promises She also apologized on behalf of the other administrators and noted that problems already existed over the past several years 304 305 306 307 On July 10 Pao resigned as CEO and was replaced by former CEO and co founder Steve Huffman 308 In August Steve Huffman introduced a policy which led to the banning of several offensive and sexual communities Included in the ban was lolicon to which Huffman referred as animated CP child porn 309 Some subreddits had also been quarantined due to having highly offensive or upsetting content such as r European r swedenyes r drawpeople r kiketown r blackfathers r greatapes and r whitesarecriminals 310 2016 In May Steve Huffman said in an interview at the TNW Conference that unlike Facebook which only knows what its users are willing to declare publicly Reddit knows its users dark secrets 311 312 313 at the same time that the website s values page was updated in regards to its privacy section The video reached the top of the website s main feed 313 314 Shortly thereafter announcements concerning new advertisement content drew criticism on the website 315 316 In September a user named mormondocuments released thousands of administrative documents belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints an action driven by the ex Mormon and atheist communities on Reddit Previously on April 22 the same user had announced his plans to do so Church officials commented that the documents did not contain anything confidential 317 318 On November 23 Huffman admitted to having replaced his user name with the names of r The Donald moderators in many insulting comments 319 320 He did so by changing insulting comments made towards him and made it appear as if the insult were directed at the moderators of r The Donald 321 On November 24 The Washington Post reported Reddit had banned the Pizzagate conspiracy board from their site stating it violated their policy of posting personal information of others triggering a wave of criticism from users on r The Donald who felt the ban amounted to censorship 322 After the forum was banned from Reddit the words we don t want witchhunts on our site now appears on the former page of the Pizzagate subreddit 323 324 On November 30 Huffman announced changes to the algorithm of Reddit s r all page to block stickied posts from a number of subreddits such as r The Donald In the announcement he also apologized for personally editing posts by users from r The Donald and declared intentions to take actions against hundreds of the most toxic users of Reddit and communities whose users continually cross the line 7 325 326 2017 In February Reddit banned the alt right subreddit r altright for violating its terms of service more specifically for attempting to share private information about the man who attacked alt right figure Richard B Spencer 327 328 The forum s users and moderators accused Reddit administrators of having political motivations for the ban 329 330 2018 In March it was revealed that Huffman had hidden Russian troll activity from users 331 On July 12 the creator and head moderator of the GamerGate subreddit r KotakuInAction removed all of the moderators and set the forum to private alleging it to have become infested with racism and sexism A Reddit employee restored the forum and its moderators an hour later 332 333 2019 In January the Filipino themed subreddit r jakolandia was accused of distributing posts of photos of women including celebrities apparently without their consent similar to a number of secret Facebook groups that had been engaging in illegal activity of sharing obscene photos of women and possibly child pornography 334 In February Chinese company Tencent invested 150 million into Reddit 335 336 This resulted in a large backlash from Reddit users who were worried about potential censorship 337 338 339 Many posts featuring subjects censored in China such as Tiananmen Square Tank Man and Winnie the Pooh received popularity on Reddit 336 339 340 2020 During the George Floyd protests in early June over 800 moderators signed an open letter demanding a policy banning hate speech a shutdown of racist and sexist subreddits and more employee support for moderation Bloomberg News pointed out the company s slow reaction to r watchpeopledie a subreddit dedicated to videos of people dying in accidents and other situations and the harassment that accompanied new unmoderated features like icons for purchase and public chats 341 On June 29 Reddit updated its content policy and introduced rules aimed at curbing the presence of communities they believed to be promoting hate 342 and banned approximately 2 000 subreddits that were found to be in violation of the new guidelines on the same day 343 Larger subreddits affected by the bans included r The Donald 344 r GenderCritical 345 the platform s largest and most active anti transgender radical feminist subreddit 346 and r ChapoTrapHouse a far left subreddit originally created by fans of the podcast Chapo Trap House 345 Some media outlets and political commentators also condemned the banning of the r The Donald and r ChapoTrapHouse subreddits as a violation of the right to free political expression 347 2021 After the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol Reddit banned the subreddit r DonaldTrump in response to repeated policy violations and alluding to the potential influence the community had on those who participated in or supported the storming 348 The move followed similar actions from social media platforms Twitter YouTube TikTok and more 349 The ban was criticized by those who believed it furthered an agenda and censorship of conservative ideologies 350 The subreddit had over 52 000 members just before it was banned 351 The GameStop short squeeze was primarily organized on the subreddit r wallstreetbets in January 352 In March Reddit users discovered that Aimee Challenor an English politician who had been suspended from two UK political parties was hired as an administrator for the site Her first suspension from the Green Party came for retaining her father as her campaign manager after his arrest on child sexual abuse charges She was later suspended from the Liberal Democrats after tweets describing pedophilic fantasies were discovered on her partner s Twitter account Reddit banned a moderator for posting a news article which mentioned Challenor and some Reddit users alleged that Reddit were removing all mention of Challenor A large number of subreddits including r Music which had 27 million subscribers and 46 other subreddits with over 1 million subscribers went private in protest 353 354 355 356 On March 24 Reddit s CEO Steve Huffman said that Challenor had been inadequately vetted before being hired and that Reddit would review its relevant internal processes Huffman attributed user suspensions to over indexing on anti harassment measures 355 Challenor was also removed from her role as a Reddit admin 357 In late August more than 70 subreddits went private to protest against COVID 19 misinformation on Reddit as well as Reddit s refusal to delete subreddits undermining the severity of the pandemic 358 359 2022 In July 2022 Reddit banned the use of the word groomer as a slur against LGBTQ people in addition to categorizing claims that transgender people are mentally ill as hate speech 360 ScienceAggregate Reddit user data has been used for scientific research 361 For example a 2014 study showed how subreddits can support role based group recommendations or provide evaluation towards group stability and growth 362 Another study evoked a connection between cognitive and attention dynamics and the usage of online social peer production platforms including the effects of deterioration of user performance 363 There is also work that has studied the influence of Reddit posts on the popularity of Wikipedia content 364 A participant observation study of April Fools Day 2017 social experiment on r place identified top down and bottom up coordination mechanisms rules and emergence and analyse their relative impact on the collaboratively created artwork revealing cooperation and conflict using qualitative and quantitative methods 365 Data from Reddit can also be used to assess academic publications 366 See also Internet portalSimilar websites Baidu Tieba Delicious del icio us Digg Diigo Fark Hacker News Imzy Kuro5hin LIHKG MetaFilter Minds Slashdot Stack Exchange Steemit StumbleUpon Voat co General Crowdsourcing Internet culture PTT Bulletin Board System Social bookmarking Unidan Usenet Web 2 0Explanatory notes The site s display interface is available in several common languages but most of its user submitted content is written in English with no built in translation feature Individual subreddits may opt to cater to a specific language only allowing posts comments etc in that language Reddit can be viewed without an account but registration is required to submit comment or vote Previously written in Lisp then rewritten in Python in 2005 References What languages is Reddit available in Reddit Help Reddit on June 23 05 December 5 2006 Retrieved August 28 2014 About ADVANCE www advance com Archived from the original on April 15 2019 Retrieved November 26 2018 a b Reddit Secures Funding to Continue Growth Plans Upvoted Retrieved August 12 2021 Porter Jon February 9 2021 Reddit to double employees after raising 250 million The Verge Retrieved August 19 2021 Patel Sahil December 1 2020 Reddit Claims 52 Million Daily Users Revealing a Key Figure for Social Media Platforms The Wall Street Journal a b Ohlheiser Abby November 30 2016 Reddit will limit the reach of a pro Trump board and crack down on its most toxic users The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 OCLC 2269358 Archived from the original on January 14 2017 Retrieved December 1 2016 Reddit Website Traffic Ranking Analytics March 2022 Semrush Retrieved May 9 2022 a b Reddit Competitive Analysis Marketing Mix and Traffic Alexa Internet Archived from the original on June 14 2016 Retrieved October 3 2020 Reddit traffic statistics Statista April 3 2009 Archived from the original on November 20 2017 Retrieved September 7 2021 Carr David September 2 2012 Reddit Thrives Under Hands Off Policy of Advance Publications The New York Times United States ISSN 1553 8095 OCLC 1645522 Retrieved March 22 2019 And when it became clear that Reddit was hamstrung in competition for leadership and engineers as part of Conde Nast the company was spun out as an operationally independent subsidiary in 2011 Alden William October 1 2014 With Reddit Deal Snoop Dogg Moonlights as a Tech Investor The New York Times ISSN 1553 8095 OCLC 1645522 Retrieved October 25 2014 Cheredar Tom September 8 2014 Reddit reportedly raising 50M at a 500M valuation Retrieved May 15 2015 Kafka Peter Swisher Kara September 7 2014 Reddit Raising a Big Round and Some Y Combinator Players Are in the Mix Retrieved May 15 2015 a b c d e Wagner Kurt July 31 2017 Reddit raised 200 million in funding and is now valued at 1 8 billion Recode Retrieved August 5 2017 Saxena Aparajita February 11 2019 Reddit valued at 3 billion after raising 300 million in latest funding round Reuters Retrieved May 7 2019 Reddit taps Morgan Stanley Goldman Sachs for IPO The Economic Times Retrieved August 10 2022 Reddit Taps Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs for IPO Bloomberg com January 7 2022 Retrieved August 10 2022 a b c d e f g h Hempel Jessi October 6 2015 Inside Reddit s plan to recover from its epic meltdown Wired Retrieved March 13 2018 a b c Fink Steve August 2015 Mr Meme Baltimore Retrieved March 13 2018 Williams Michelle August 2015 This internet thing is not a fad Reddit co founder Alexis Ohanian to discuss online entrepreneurship at UMass Amherst Mass Live Retrieved March 27 2018 Guy Raz August 31 2017 Make Me Smart 6 Reddit CEO Steve Huffman is not horsing around Podcast NPR Retrieved March 28 2018 a b Live Episode Reddit Alexis Ohanian amp Steve Huffman How I Built This With Guy Raz August 31 2017 NPR Wallace Benjamin October 6 2015 Reddit Redux New York Retrieved March 28 2018 Christine Lagorio Chafkin 2018 We Are the Nerds The Birth and Tumultuous Life of Reddit the Internet s Culture Laboratory Hachette Books p 70 ISBN 978 0316435369 Richards Zak Unleashing High Profile High Profit Websites Archived from the original on September 16 2012 Retrieved January 18 2019 Macale Sherilynn Cheri October 13 2011 A rundown of Reddit s history and community Infographic The Next Web Social Media Retrieved November 12 2011 Casey Johnston June 21 2012 reddit founders made hundreds of fake profiles so site looked popular Ars Technica Singel Ryan July 19 2011 Feds Charge Activist as Hacker for Downloading Millions of Academic Articles Wired Retrieved January 12 2013 Swartz Aaron February 27 2006 Introducing Infogami Infogami Archived from the original on December 2 2008 Retrieved January 6 2007 archive org link alexisohanian July 19 2011 Alexis Ohanian Sr on Twitter ATTN nytimes Steve Huffman amp I founded reddit We acquired Aaron Swartz s company infogami 6mos after we launched Twitter Tweet Retrieved July 17 2020 via Twitter a b Arrington Michael October 31 2006 Breaking news Conde Nast Wired Acquires Reddit TechCrunch Retrieved January 6 2007 Aaron Swartz November 15 2006 Office Space Aaron Swartz s Raw Thought Retrieved July 17 2020 A Chat with Aaron Swartz Blogoscoped com May 7 2007 Retrieved December 4 2011 Peterson Andrea July 15 2015 The two co founder quotes that explain Reddit s struggle to grow up The Washington Post Retrieved May 16 2018 Lagorio Chafkin Christine June 27 2011 30 Under 30 Adam Goldstein and Steve Huffman Founders of Hipmunk Inc Retrieved May 16 2018 Kincaid Jason November 1 2010 Reddit Chief Takes Flight To Hipmunk Explains Why He s Leaving Now Techcrunch com Retrieved December 4 2011 Parks Miles January 1 2015 Erik Martin helped make Reddit huge then he left What s next for an Internet master The Washington Post Retrieved May 16 2018 a b Cheredar Tom March 30 2012 Reddit General Manager Erik Martin leads Time s 100 Most Influential poll VentureBeat Retrieved May 16 2018 Kafka Peter March 27 2009 Reddit s Ad Experiment Is Good News for Conde Nast Maybe for Digg Too All Things Digital Retrieved May 25 2018 a b c d Loizos Connie July 31 2017 Reddit just raised a new round that values the company at 1 8 billion TechCrunch Retrieved May 16 2018 Siegler MG November 12 2009 Reddit opens its homepage to anyone willing to pay invites TechCrunch Retrieved May 25 2018 Shu Catherine June 12 2013 Reddit Adds Benefits For Gold Members To Further Monetize The Site Without More Ads TechCrunch Retrieved May 16 2018 blog reddit what s new online Independence Archived from the original on July 22 2016 Retrieved September 6 2011 Reddit Plans SOPA Blackout Protest Jan 18 Entertainment Consumers Association Archived from the original on October 10 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Cartwright Madison July 4 2018 Who cares about Reddit Historical institutionalism and the fight against the Stop Online Piracy Act and the PROTECT Intellectual Property Act Policy Studies 39 4 383 401 doi 10 1080 01442872 2018 1472757 ISSN 0144 2872 S2CID 158502071 a b The Internet Defense League Protecting the Free Internet since 2012 Internet Defense League 2012 Kerr Dara March 8 2012 Reddit names new CEO Yishan Wong CNET Retrieved May 16 2018 Reddit CEO Explains Why He and Company Battled Over Office Space ABC News November 14 2014 Retrieved March 17 2019 a b Rushe Dominic November 13 2014 Reddit CEO Yishan Wong resigns after row about new office space The Guardian Retrieved May 16 2018 Olanoff Drew February 14 2013 Reddit Starts Accepting Bitcoin for Reddit Gold Purchases Thanks To Partnership With Coinbase Techcrunch Retrieved February 14 2013 Alba Davey July 10 2015 Ellen Pao steps down as CEO after Reddit revolt Wired Retrieved May 16 2018 Reddit under Ellen Pao launches harassment crackdown BBC May 15 2015 Retrieved May 16 2018 Dewey Caitlin June 10 2015 These are the 5 subreddits Reddit banned under its game changing anti harassment policy and why it banned them The Washington Post Retrieved May 16 2018 Breit Johannes July 20 2018 We Banned Holocaust Deniers From Our History Subreddit Here s Why Facebook Should Do the Same Slate com Retrieved August 19 2018 Issac Mike July 10 2015 Ellen Pao Is Stepping Down as Reddit s Chief New York Times Retrieved July 10 2015 a b c d e f g h i j Pardes Arielle April 2 2018 The inside story of Reddit s redesign Wired Retrieved May 16 2018 a b Lagorio Chafkin Christine March 9 2018 Steve Huffman Talks About Bringing Reddit Back From the Brink Inc Retrieved March 13 2018 Reddit Launches New Block Tools To Help Temper Harassment April 6 2016 a b Matney Lucas August 27 2017 Reddit s new CTO was the company s first hire TechCrunch Retrieved May 17 2018 r announcements Upcoming changes to our content policy our board and where we re going from here reddit Retrieved June 5 2020 Staff December 13 2020 Reddit Welcomes Video Platform Dubsmash to Team Upvoted Retrieved December 13 2020 Duffy Clare Reddit names its first ever CFO as it mulls IPO CNN Retrieved March 8 2021 Picchi Aimee December 16 2021 Reddit says it has filed for an IPO CBS News Retrieved May 4 2022 Reddit I P O Is a Step Closer After Confidential Filing to Go Public The New York Times December 15 2021 Retrieved May 4 2022 Thomas Owen December 15 2021 Reddit has filed for an IPO Protocol Retrieved May 18 2022 Reddit acquires natural language processing company MeaningCloud TechCrunch July 2022 Retrieved July 18 2022 Reddit Buys Natural Language Processing Startup MeaningCloud to Boost Product amp Advertising Voicebot ai July 11 2022 Retrieved July 18 2022 Reddit acquires Spiketrap to boost its ads business TechCrunch September 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b c d e f Will Nicol July 19 2018 What is Reddit A beginner s guide to the front page of the internet Digital Trends Retrieved July 26 2018 a b Michael Franco September 5 2018 The Beginner s Guide to Reddit Lifehacker Retrieved August 1 2018 Nudd Tim December 1 2014 The Meaning of 35 Brand Names From Etsy to Reddit Adweek New York City New York U S ISSN 0199 2864 OCLC 1001870403 Retrieved August 1 2018 Reddit Frequently Asked Questions Reddit Retrieved April 10 2014 Kastrenakes Jacob December 1 2020 Reddit reveals daily active user count for the first time 52 million The Verge Retrieved February 3 2021 a b c d e Molina Brett August 31 2017 Reddit is extremely popular Here s how to watch what your kids are doing USA Today Maribel Perez Wadsworth ISSN 0734 7456 OCLC 931943141 Retrieved July 26 2018 a b Rich McCormick February 15 2017 Reddit overhauls its front page for new users and lurkers The Verge Retrieved July 26 2018 Menegus Bryan June 2 2017 Reddit Is Finally Fixing its Trump Spam Problem Gizmodo Retrieved February 2 2018 Cory Scarola February 16 2017 Reddit Gave Its Homepage a Makeover Inverse Retrieved September 13 2018 a b c Shah Saqib February 15 2017 Reddit is eliminating explicit content from its public homepage Digital Trends Retrieved May 25 2018 KeyserSosa February 11 2021 Removing sexually explicit content from r all r changelog Retrieved September 4 2021 Reddit algorithm seomoz Gutman Rachel June 28 2018 Reddit s Case for Anonymity on the Internet The Atlantic ISSN 2151 9463 OCLC 969757017 Retrieved August 1 2018 Melly Parker What to Know Before Making a Reddit Account Chron com Retrieved August 1 2018 Andrew Couts November 8 2012 How to create your own Reddit community Digital Trends Archived from the original on April 3 2019 Retrieved August 1 2018 Fiona Zublin October 13 2016 The poet laureate of Reddit Ozy Retrieved August 1 2018 Packham Alfie July 31 2016 Meet Shitty the internet s favourite self deprecating watercolourist The Guardian United Kingdom ISSN 1756 3224 OCLC 60623878 Retrieved August 1 2018 Leaderboard for Reddit www karmalb com Retrieved March 26 2020 a b c Kim Renfro January 13 2016 From whom the troll trolls A day in the life of a Reddit moderator Tech Insider Retrieved August 1 2018 Morris Kevin October 5 2012 Meet the mods the true stars of Reddit The Daily Dot Retrieved October 9 2018 Transparency Reddit Transparency Report 2020 www redditinc com Retrieved February 17 2021 Reddit removed 6 of all posts made last year BBC News February 17 2021 Retrieved February 17 2021 a b Stokel Walker Chris Reddit moderators do 3 4 million worth of unpaid work each year New Scientist Retrieved June 24 2022 a b c d e Marotti Ally April 23 2018 Reddit to open Chicago office as part of advertising push Chicago Tribune Chicago R Bruce Dold ISSN 2165 171X OCLC 60639020 Retrieved June 25 2018 New subreddits by date How Reddit grew over time Redditmetrics com Retrieved August 1 2018 Atagana Michelle August 22 2014 Creating a more curious generation through memes Q amp A with Reddit GM Memeburn com Retrieved September 11 2014 a b c d Klara Robert September 14 2015 How an Alien Doodle Became Reddit s Simple Versatile Logo Adweek United States ISSN 0199 2864 OCLC 1001870403 Retrieved August 1 2018 a b Vanessa Page November 30 2016 How Reddit makes money Investopedia Retrieved June 26 2018 a b c d e Trachtenberg Jeffrey April 19 2018 Reddit taps Time Inc veteran Jen Wong as its COO The Wall Street Journal Retrieved June 25 2018 What is Reddit Gold and why do people keep giving it away The Daily Dot July 24 2017 Retrieved September 15 2017 Create your own reddit alien avatar with reddit gold redditblog com January 7 2015 Archived from the original on November 8 2020 Retrieved November 4 2017 Asarch Steven October 16 2018 Reddit Gold Update How To Give And Get New Silver and Platinum Icons Newsweek Retrieved November 12 2018 index pan reddit Retrieved September 1 2020 r pan Keep your favorite broadcasts on air by giving awards reddit April 15 2020 Retrieved August 5 2020 When is RPAN ON AIR r pan reddit Retrieved August 5 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Reddit Now Lets You Livestream What Could Go Wrong Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Retrieved March 11 2020 Hautala Laura Reddit tests out livestreaming feature called Public Access Network CNET Retrieved March 11 2020 r RPANStudio You want a desktop streaming solution you got it Introducing RPAN Studio reddit July 2020 Retrieved August 23 2020 Stream times are now 3 hours January 28 2021 Retrieved March 3 2021 Reddit a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Reddit staff July 7 2022 Blockchain Backed Collectible Avatars Coming to Reddit via New Storefront redditinc com Retrieved July 13 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Richard Lawler July 7 2022 Reddit will sell Collectible Avatars and yes they re NFTs The Verge Retrieved July 13 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c Mick Statt December 18 2017 Reddit overhauls mobile app with chat function and new moderation tools The Verge Retrieved May 17 2018 Enjoy your complimentary karma Reddit Retrieved August 8 2014 a b c Pardes Arielle July 18 2018 Reddit reinvents the chat room with community chat Wired United States ISSN 1059 1028 OCLC 24479723 Retrieved August 1 2018 Sean Keane July 19 2018 Reddit s chat rooms are bringing back fast paced conversation CNET Retrieved August 1 2018 Roettgers Janko May 25 2018 Reddit Is Testing Community Chat Rooms to Take on Discord Variety United States ISSN 0042 2738 OCLC 810134503 Retrieved September 13 2018 Kooser Amanda Hell in a Cell The surprising story behind the Reddit meme CNET Retrieved June 12 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speech controls avoiding TV spoilers Quartz Retrieved May 25 2018 a b Loten Angus April 10 2018 Reddit CEO revamped outdated website from the IT foundations The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 17 2018 The lifecycle of a redesign Making Reddit more welcoming Inside Design Blog www invisionapp com a b c d e f g Pardes Rielle July 6 2018 The Transformative Power of Reddit s Alien Mascot Wired Retrieved October 24 2018 a b c d Morris Kevin August 11 2011 How Reddit s alien landed The Daily Dot Retrieved October 24 2018 Bond John Michael Powell Austin June 21 2017 TIL 30 interesting facts about Reddit The Daily Dot Retrieved October 24 2018 a b Spector Nicole December 4 2017 Hipster internet favorite Reddit may have to lose its edge to go public NBC News Retrieved June 25 2018 Li Roland October 2 2019 Reddit moving headquarters to SF s Mid Market joining Uber and Square San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved November 26 2022 Hess Abigail January 29 2018 How to land a job at Reddit CNBC Retrieved June 25 2018 Jenny Darmody December 11 2017 From Pixar to people How katelin Holloway s career brought her to Reddit Silicon Republic Retrieved June 25 2018 Tsukayama Hayley September 5 2017 Reddit co founder is latest tech executive to take parental leave The Washington Post Retrieved June 25 2018 Isaac Mike August 12 2021 Reddit is valued at more than 10 billion in latest funding round The New York Times Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved September 3 2021 Sen Anirban September 2 2021 EXCLUSIVE Reddit seeks to hire advisers for U S IPO sources Reuters Retrieved September 3 2021 Rodriguez Salvador December 15 2021 Reddit files to go public CNBC Retrieved December 15 2021 Needleman Sarah E December 16 2021 Reddit Files Confidentially for IPO The Wall Street Journal Retrieved December 16 2021 Holiday Ryan February 21 2013 Hail Corporate The Increasingly Insufferable Fakery of Brands on Reddit Betabeat Archived from the original on December 30 2014 Victoria 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Matters to PR Pros EngagePR blog Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Nissan Buys Gifts for Redditors and Some Love for Itself Digday November 21 2013 Victoria Taylor reddit s director of communications told Digiday that Nissan s reddit adventure was one of the best campaigns the site has seen in a long time The community really responded well to the two community managers Cheatsheet How brands can win reddit Digday February 3 2014 Going into it we are honest with advertisers that redditors are opinionated said Victoria Taylor reddit s director of communications Anywhere you have opinions people are going to have a dialog and disagree Advertisers have to be willing to engage honestly and cleverly with the reddit community to win their trust Nissan Reddit defend authenticity of questions in Ghosn AMA PR Week January 14 2015 While Taylor said it s a positive that users demand authenticity transparency and accountability on Reddit she noted that it s unfortunate that people tend to try to look for negative examples She admitted that the AMA with Nissan was not the most successful edition the platform has had Reddit she said will always be open and transparent if something doesn t seem genuine Walking a fine line as a communicator on Reddit Muck Rack March 3 2015 Reddit AMAs A minefield worth crossing PR Week April 4 2014 Nicole Spector June 18 2014 Reddit s Safe Play in the Game of Geo Targeting Archived from the original on July 21 2015 Retrieved July 6 2015 Megan Haynes June 5 2014 Reddit knows new study reveals what Canadians want StrategyOnline ca Let your audience ask you anything ReadWrite September 24 2014 Reddit the front page of the internet New user behaviour and social media trends BBC Academy Journalism BBC via YouTube November 7 2013 Archived from the original on November 7 2013 r announcements Affiliate links on Reddit reddit Woollaston Victoria June 7 2016 Reddit begins trialling affiliate links across the site Wired Retrieved May 31 2019 Schultz E 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26 2015 These 10 charities will get 10 of Reddit s 2014 ad revenue VentureBeat Retrieved September 12 2018 Kanalley Craig August 29 2012 Barack Obama Reddit AMA President Participates In Ask Me Anything Thread Huffington Post Retrieved April 23 2017 How Obama Won The Internet BuzzFeed Retrieved April 23 2017 Lagorio chafkin Christine November 19 2016 Reddit and the God Emperor of the Internet The New York Times Retrieved April 23 2017 Kulwin Noah March 6 2016 Hillary Clinton Drops In on Reddit s r HillaryClinton Senpai Notices Us Recode Retrieved October 9 2018 Krieg Gregory September 2 2015 How Bernie Sanders Online Army Is Using Reddit to Fuel His 2016 Campaign Surge Mic Retrieved October 9 2018 The Surprising Ways You Ruined Your Interview Before You Even Opened Your Mouth Fast Company April 21 2017 Retrieved April 23 2017 The March for Science began with this person s throwaway line on Reddit The Washington Post Retrieved April 23 2017 Are scientists going to march on Washington The Washington Post Retrieved January 31 2017 Foley Katherine Ellen April 22 2017 The global March for Science started with a single Reddit thread Quartz Retrieved April 23 2017 Feinblatt Scott April 5 2018 March for Science rally April 14 will call for evidence based policy Los Angeles Times Retrieved October 9 2018 Ngak Chenda January 17 2012 Wikipedia MoveOn Reddit Mozilla shuts down to protest SOPA PIPA how to prepare CBS News Retrieved September 13 2018 a b Vlad Savov January 18 2012 The SOPA blackout Wikipedia Reddit Mozilla Google and many others protest proposed law The Verge Retrieved September 13 2018 a b Tom Cheredar January 10 2012 Reddit goes black Jan 18 to protest SOPA amp PIPA Who else will join VentureBeat Retrieved September 13 2018 a b c Kaleigh Rogers December 12 2017 How Net Neutrality Protesters Took Over Reddit Motherboard Retrieved September 13 2018 a b Kang Cecilia December 14 2017 F C C repeals net neutrality rules The New York Times Retrieved March 13 2018 a 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Institute Chong Celena August 13 2015 Russia bans Reddit Business Insider Retrieved April 2 2020 Williams Owen June 26 2015 Reddit has been caught in China s Great Firewall The Next Web https reddit com is 100 blocked in China greatfire org Archived from the original on September 2 2021 Retrieved September 15 2021 Ravikumar Sau Sachin April 3 2019 Reddit Telegram among websites blocked in India internet groups Reuters India Retrieved April 2 2020 reddit mold is now live Upvoted Reddit Archived from the original on February 7 2021 Retrieved February 3 2021 reddit buys Team Fortress 2 Upvoted Reddit Archived from the original on December 2 2020 Retrieved February 3 2021 Business Time Team Fortress Valve Corporation Retrieved February 3 2021 Lee Timothy April 14 2015 The button the fascinating social experiment driving Reddit crazy Vox Vox Media Retrieved April 24 2015 powerlanguage June 8 2015 The button has ended Reddit Archived from the original on June 8 2015 Retrieved June 11 2015 Reddit s Robin is a brilliant social experiment that pits millions of internet users against each other Business Insider April 1 2016 Reddit s new Place is forcing millions of users to work together to make something great Business Insider Retrieved April 1 2017 Place has ended Reddit Retrieved April 3 2017 Looking back at r CircleofTrust Upvoted Reddit Retrieved July 22 2018 Asarch Steven April 2 2019 Reddit Sequence is the latest April Fool s Day experiment from the social media forum Newsweek Retrieved April 4 2019 Sequence is over Reddit April 3 2019 Second announcements April 1 2021 The Best or Worst of April Fools 2021 Cheddar Retrieved April 2 2021 Adorno Jose March 28 2022 Reddit is bringing back r Place for April Fools Day here s how to participate 9to5Mac Retrieved April 3 2022 Welcome to Day 2 of Place Retrieved April 2 2022 Top Subreddits Redditmetrics com Archived from the original on July 31 2018 Retrieved August 1 2018 President Obama makes online appearance on Reddit The Telegraph London August 29 2012 Archived from the original on January 10 2022 Retrieved August 30 2012 Michelle Castillo February 27 2017 Bill Gates is concerned about U S influence overseas and political divide online CNBC Gates participated in an ask me anything feature on Reddit that allows notable people to answer questions from users This is the fifth time Gates has participated Scott Bixby July 28 2016 From the media to moon landings Trump takes questions in Reddit AMA The Guardian Lagorio Chafkin Christine October 4 2018 Reddit Confirms New Russian Meddling Efforts Inc Retrieved October 10 2018 FP Staff July 4 2014 Priyanka Chopra s Reddit encounter Did AMA make her run away Firstpost Retrieved April 4 2021 Bacardi Francesca January 28 2014 George Clooney Talks Monuments Men Playing Batman in Reddit AMA Variety Retrieved October 9 2018 Schaub Michael December 31 2014 Margaret Atwood s charming Reddit AMA Los Angeles Times Retrieved October 9 2018 Buzz Aldrin s AMA colonising Mars and the moon s magnificent desolation The Guardian July 8 2014 Retrieved October 9 2018 Whittaker Zack February 23 2015 Any regrets Edward Snowden I d have come forward sooner ZDNet Retrieved October 9 2018 McNamara Brittney July 28 2017 Experts Answer Reddit Questions About Transgender People Teen Vogue Retrieved October 9 2018 Boran Marie September 15 2016 Give and receive gifts online with Redditgifts Irish Times Retrieved September 12 2018 a b c Greg Kumparak August 23 2011 Reddit Acquires Fan Made Secret Santa Site RedditGifts TechCrunch Retrieved September 12 2018 Bond John Michael Powell Austin June 21 2017 TIL 30 interesting facts about Reddit The Daily Dot Retrieved October 9 2018 Boitnott John December 23 2010 Secret Santa success caps banner year for Reddit VentureBeat Interpreting Innovation VentureBeat Retrieved January 3 2011 The Biggest Secret Santa Gift Exchange in the World The Daily Beast Archived from the original on December 23 2010 Retrieved February 12 2011 Statistics for Secret Santa 2010 Retrieved February 12 2011 Nearly 1 000 Reddit Ottawa users signed up for gift exchange CBC News December 19 2014 Retrieved December 20 2014 McCluskey Megan December 17 2015 Bill Gates Gave One Reddit User an Amazingly Thoughtful Secret Santa Gift Retrieved April 27 2016 Criss Doug September 21 2017 Bill Gates was her secret Santa and it was as awesome as you d think CNN Retrieved October 9 2018 Ballingall Alex December 22 2014 Web community s holiday gift exchange has more than 212 000 participants this year including celebrities and people from 188 countries Retrieved April 27 2016 Sunsetting Secret Santa and Reddit Gifts June 9 2021 a b Shaer Matthew July 8 2012 Reddit in the Flesh New York Magazine Retrieved September 12 2018 Leasca Stacey June 15 2013 Reddit Meetup Can users turn online connections into real ones Los Angeles Times Retrieved September 12 2018 Feature story December 10 2007 Mister Splashy Pants the whale you named him now save him Greenpeace org Retrieved August 8 2014 Nicks Denver October 1 2013 The Six Most Important Moments in Reddit History Time Retrieved April 25 2019 Rules of Reddit Archived from the original on October 13 2012 Retrieved October 14 2012 Critics blast Reddit over climate change skeptic ban Fox News December 19 2013 Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved February 18 2019 Reddit s director of communications told FoxNews com that while it was Allen s prerogative to ban climate change skeptics from r science his statements do not reflect the views of Reddit as a whole or other science or climate oriented subreddits Each subreddit community is entitled to its own views and anyone who wants to start their own subreddit is welcome to do so devoted to their views opinions or interests Sam Kirkland November 25 2014 How to get your news site banned from Reddit Poynter Archived from the original on July 5 2015 If you don t like how a moderator is managing a subreddit the best solution is to start your own subreddit and moderate it with different rules said Victoria Taylor director of communications for Reddit blog reddit what s new on reddit reddit we need to talk redditblog com Archived from the original on July 13 2016 Retrieved February 18 2019 A necessary change in policy blog reddit Archived from the original on February 12 2019 Retrieved February 18 2019 Image from Yishan Wong imgur com Archived from the original on October 18 2017 Retrieved April 17 2017 Rob Price July 15 2015 Reddit s old CEO rewrites the history of Reddit and says the purge of users will begin Business Insider Australia Archived from the original on December 16 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 Morris Kevin February 12 2012 Reddit bans suggestive or sexual content of minors The Daily Dot Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved June 12 2014 Innocents accused in online manhunt 3 News NZ April 22 2013 Archived from the original on December 15 2013 Retrieved June 4 2013 Buncombe Andrew April 26 2013 Family of Sunil Tripathi missing student wrongly linked to Boston marathon bombing thank well wishers for messages of support The Independent London Archived from the original on April 3 2015 Retrieved January 17 2015 The cause of the student s death has still be determined but the medical examiner said no foul play was suspected Nark Jason The Boston bombing s forgotten victim Philadelphia Daily News Archived from the original on November 15 2014 Retrieved October 31 2014 Akhil spent the most time with Sunny before his suicide weekends at Brown where he tried to help his youngest child foresee a future Martin Erik Reflections on the Recent Boston Crisis Reddit Archived from the original on March 10 2014 Retrieved May 3 2013 Harnick Chris November 24 2013 The Good Wife Recap Alicia Takes on Anonymous Posters in Whack A Mole The Huffington Post Archived from the original on November 26 2013 Retrieved November 25 2013 Hathaway Jay November 11 2014 Here s How The Newsroom Covered Reddit s Failed Boston Bombing Manhunt Archived from the original on June 30 2015 Retrieved June 27 2015 Fallon Kevin Newsroom Premiere Aaron Sorkin Puts CNN on Blast Over the Boston Bombing Archived from the original on June 29 2015 Retrieved June 27 2015 Say hello to men who hate NSA spying but blame women for being spied on The Verge September 1 2014 Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Vincent James September 1 2014 Is Apple s iCloud safe after leak of Jennifer Lawrence and other celebrities nude photos The Independent London Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Celebrity Naked Photos Leaked theFappening So You Have A Girlfriend Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 The Fappening Is Being Broadcast Live On Reddit With 100 000 Viewers Business 2 Community Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Anthony Johnston Metro World News October 10 2014 Security expert weighs in on The Fappening and the iCloud Metro Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved December 26 2014 Hunt begins for hacker behind Jennifer Lawrence nude photo theft The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on September 30 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Jennifer Lawrence nude photos leaked Hacker posts explicit pics NewsComAu September 3 2014 Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Price Rob September 2 2014 There s child porn in the massive celebrity nudes hack The Daily Dot Archived from the original on September 4 2014 Retrieved September 2 2014 Geller Eric September 7 2014 Reddit just banned the subreddit at the center of Celebgate The Daily Dot Archived from the original on September 8 2014 Retrieved September 8 2014 Sottek T C September 8 2014 Reddit is a failed state The Verge Vox Media Archived from the original on November 4 2014 Retrieved November 2 2014 Sankin Aaron November 2 2014 Is Reddit broken beyond repair The Daily Dot Archived from the original on November 3 2014 Retrieved November 2 2014 Goldman David December 29 2014 Reddit takes down Sony hack forum CNN Archived from the original on January 4 2015 Retrieved January 4 2015 Staff writers July 15 2015 Why does the internet hate Ellen Pao News com au Retrieved May 1 2021 Griffin Andrew June 11 2015 Reddit bans communities including Fat People Hate as users say anti harassment policies could be beginning of the end The Independent Archived from the original on February 11 2017 Retrieved February 8 2017 Woollacott Emma Users Flock To Voat As Reddit Shuts Harassing Groups Forbes Archived from the original on June 13 2015 Retrieved June 11 2015 Wendling Mike June 29 2015 What should social networks do about hate speech Archived from the original on July 1 2015 Retrieved July 2 2015 Reddit in uproar after staff sacking BBC News BBC July 3 2015 Archived from the original on July 3 2015 Retrieved July 3 2015 About 100 chat sections or sub reddits that together have millions of readers are believed to have been shut Reddit s only comment about the issue has been to say that it did not talk about individual employee matters The protests were led by the volunteer moderators of the AMA section which said in an explanatory posting that they needed Ms Taylor to keep the sub reddit functioning Ms Taylor helped organise guests for AMAs and worked to verify that people due to answer questions were who they said they were There had been no explanation of why she was suddenly sacked said the administrators Reddit Laute Rufe nach Absetzung von CEO Ellen Pao Der Standard July 4 2015 Archived from the original on July 6 2015 Retrieved July 5 2015 Zwar sind einige Foren wieder entsperrt trotzdem ist Pao weiterhin Ziel vielerlei Angriffe Zusatzliches Ol ins Feuer goss ein ehemaliger Community Manager der Online Community der angab von der Reddit Chefin aufgrund seiner Krebserkrankung gefeuert worden zu sein Zuvor wurde dem an Leukamie erkrankten Mitarbeiter eingeraumt beim Unternehmen zu verbleiben allerdings meldete sich Pao nur wenig spater und gab ihm zu wissen dass er aufgrund seiner Erkrankung nicht mehr bei Reddit verbleiben konnte So zumindest die Behauptung die wenig spater offline ging Reddit s CEO Allegedly Fired an Employee For Having Cancer and Not Recovering Fast Enough Next Shark July 3 2015 Retrieved July 5 2015 McGregor Jena July 6 2015 More than 200k people have signed a petition calling for Reddit s Ellen Pao to step down The Washington Post Archived from the original on July 7 2015 Retrieved July 7 2015 Musil Steven July 5 2015 Petition for Pao resignation from Reddit grows to 130K Cnet Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved July 5 2015 Malik Naureen Jones Tim July 5 2015 Reddit CEO Pao Under Fire as Users Protest Removal of Executive Bloomberg Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved July 5 2015 Reddit CEO Ellen Pao apologizes We screwed up Archived December 12 2018 at the Wayback Machine By Laurie Segall and Chris Isidore CNN com July 6 2015 Reddit CEO Ellen Pao Issues an Apology for the Direction of the Site Archived September 24 2015 at the Wayback Machine by Laura Entis FoxNews com July 6 2015 Jack Linshi July 6 2015 Ellen Pao Reddit CEO Apologizes After Petition for Her to Resign TIME com Archived from the original on June 26 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 Titcomb James July 7 2015 Petition calling for Reddit boss Ellen Pao to resign hits 200 000 as she admits we screwed up London The Telegraph Archived from the original on July 7 2015 Retrieved July 7 2015 Mike Isaac July 10 2015 Ellen Pao Is Stepping Down as Reddit s Chief The New York Times Archived from the original on July 13 2015 Retrieved July 10 2015 Weinberger Matt August 5 2015 Reddit finally bans its most infamous racist communities because they made recruiting here more difficult Business Insider Archived from the original on August 20 2016 Retrieved August 9 2016 Quarantined Subreddits Reddit Help Archived from the original on June 25 2016 Retrieved June 21 2016 Boris van Zanten May 30 2016 Reddit CEO Steve Huffman We know your dark secrets We know everything The Next Web TNW Archived from the original on February 1 2019 Retrieved February 18 2019 Haworth Jessica May 30 2016 Reddit CEO tells users we know your dark secrets as he strikes fear into web surfers Mirror OCLC 223228477 Archived from the original on December 11 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 a b Reddit CEO Steve Huffman says We know your dark secrets Daily News and Analysis May 31 2016 Archived from the original on October 18 2017 Retrieved February 18 2019 CEO of Reddit Steve Huffman about advertising on Reddit We know all of your interests Not only just your interests you are willing to declare publicly on Facebook we know your dark secrets we know everything TNW Conference 26 May 27 500 votes Reddit May 29 2016 Archived from the original on October 3 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 New Ad Type Promoted User Posts Reddit official announcement July 26 2016 Archived from the original on February 22 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 Sponsored headline tests placement and design Reddit official announcement Archived from the original on February 1 2018 Retrieved February 18 2019 Roth Max September 22 2016 Allegedly secret LDS Church documents leaked Fox 13 Now Fox 13 Salt Lake Archived from the original on September 28 2016 Retrieved September 30 2016 Wenzke Marissa September 26 2016 Inside the online world of ex Mormons Mashable Mashable Archived from the original on September 30 2016 Retrieved September 30 2016 Yeung Ken Reddit CEO apologizes for editing comments critical of him following Pizzagate ban VentureBeat Archived from the original on November 24 2016 Retrieved November 24 2016 Russell Jon Reddit CEO admits he secretly edited comments from Donald Trump supporters Techcrunch Archived from the original on November 24 2016 Retrieved November 24 2016 Weingerger Matt The CEO of Reddit confessed to modifying posts from Trump supporters after they wouldn t stop sending him expletives Business Insider Archived from the original on November 24 2016 Retrieved November 24 2016 Ohlheiser Abby November 24 2016 Fearing yet another witch hunt Reddit bans Pizzagate The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 OCLC 2269358 Archived from the original on December 30 2016 Retrieved November 24 2016 Blake Andrew November 25 2016 Reddit CEO admits editing posts directing obscene comments to pro Trump administrators Washington Times ISSN 0732 8494 OCLC 8472624 Archived from the original on November 26 2016 Retrieved November 25 2016 Pizzagate subreddit webpage Reddit November 23 2016 Archived from the original on November 22 2016 Retrieved November 25 2016 Huffman Steve November 30 2016 TIFU by editing some comments and creating an unnecessary controversy Reddit Archived from the original on November 30 2016 Retrieved November 30 2016 Lee Dave November 30 2016 Reddit moves against toxic Trump fans BBC News Archived from the original on December 1 2016 Retrieved December 1 2016 Reddit shuts down alt right subreddit CNET Archived from the original on February 15 2017 Retrieved February 15 2017 Resnick Gideon February 2 2017 Reddit Bans Alt Right Group The Daily Beast Archived from the original on February 16 2017 Retrieved February 15 2017 Weinberger Matt February 2 2017 Reddit bans a major alt right community and there may be a very good reason Business Insider Archived from the original on November 30 2017 Retrieved February 18 2019 Hern Alex February 2 2017 Reddit bans far right groups altright and alternativeright The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on February 15 2017 Retrieved February 15 2017 Collins Ben March 6 2018 Reddit Rises Up Against CEO for Hiding Russian Trolls The Daily Beast Archived from the original on March 6 2018 Retrieved March 6 2018 Opinions Are Split On The Attempt To Shut Down Popular Subreddit r KotakuInAction Opinion The Inquisitr July 14 2018 Archived from the original on July 17 2018 Retrieved July 17 2018 Reddit employee saves GamerGate subreddit KotakuInAction after founder closes it Polygon Archived from the original on July 16 2018 Retrieved July 17 2018 Netizens slam disturbing photos of PH subsite on Reddit The Manila Times January 14 2019 Archived from the original on January 16 2019 Retrieved February 18 2019 Constine Josh February 11 2019 Reddit confirms 300M Series D led by China s Tencent at 3B value TechCrunch Retrieved September 30 2019 a b Osborne Charlie February 11 2019 Winnie The Pooh takes over Reddit due to Chinese investment censorship fears ZDNet Retrieved September 30 2019 Reddit Censorship fears spark criticism of Tencent funding reports BBC News February 11 2019 Retrieved September 30 2019 Law Tara February 11 2019 Chinese Company s Reddit Investment Angers Users Who Fear Censorship Time Retrieved September 30 2019 a b Verhage Julie February 11 2019 China s Tencent Invests in Reddit Sparking Free Speech Protests Bloomberg Retrieved September 30 2019 Liao Shannon February 11 2019 Reddit gets a 150 million investment from Tencent and users are posting memes to mock the deal The Verge Retrieved September 30 2019 Racism is rampant on Reddit and its editors are in open revolt SFGate June 18 2020 Promoting Hate Based on Identity or Vulnerability Reddit Help Update to Our Content Policy reddit Lima Cristiano June 29 2020 Reddit bans pro Trump forum in crackdown on hate speech Politico Retrieved June 29 2020 a b Reddit bans r The Donald and r ChapoTrapHouse as part of a major expansion of its rules The Verge June 29 2020 Reddit Bans Feminist Sub r GenderCritical 4W A Feminist Publication June 29 2020 Saagar and Ryan Grim Reddit s OUTRAGEOUS BAN of pro Trump Chapo trap house subreddits The Hill June 30 2020 Archived from the original on December 19 2021 Retrieved October 15 2020 via YouTube Isaac Mike Conger Kate January 8 2021 Reddit bans forum dedicated to supporting Trump and Twitter permanently suspends his allies who spread conspiracy theories The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved January 23 2021 Fischer Sara January 8 2021 Reddit bans subreddit group r DonaldTrump Axios Retrieved January 23 2021 Guynn Jessica They want to take your speech away censorship cry unites Trump supporters and extremists after Capitol attack USA TODAY Retrieved January 23 2021 Reimann Nicholas Reddit Bans r donaldtrump Subreddit Forbes Retrieved January 23 2021 link href, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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