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Wikipedia

Sexual abuse

January 26, 2023

For the academic journal titled Sexual Abuse, see Sexual Abuse (journal).
"Sex abuse" redirects here. For self-inflicted unhealthy sexual behavior, see Sexual addiction.

Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another.[1] Molestation often refers to an instance of sexual assault against a small child, whereas sexual abuse is a term used for a persistent pattern of sexual assaults.[2]

The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or (often pejoratively) molester.[3] The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually. The use of a child, or other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse or statutory rape. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts and or rape in real time on webcam.[4][5][6][7]

Victims

Spouses

See also: Domestic violence and Marital rape

Spousal sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence. When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman's husband or ex-husband, it may constitute rape, depending on the jurisdiction, and may also constitute an assault.[8]

Children

Main article: Child sexual abuse

Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent.[9][10] It includes direct sexual contact, the adult or otherwise older person engaging indecent exposure (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child, asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities, displaying pornography to a child, or using a child to produce child pornography.[9][11][12]

Effects of child sexual abuse include shame, self-blame,[13] depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, addiction, self-injury, suicidal ideation, borderline personality disorder, and propensity to re-victimization in adulthood.[14] Child sexual abuse is a risk factor for attempting suicide.[15] Additionally, some studies have shown childhood sexual abuse to be a risk factor of the perpetration of intimate partner violence in men.[16] Much of the harm caused to victims becomes apparent years after the abuse happens. With specific regard to addiction, a study by Reiger et al. supports previous findings that adverse life events increase sensitivity to drug rewards and bolster drug reward signaling by exposing an association between heightened limbic response to cocaine cues.[17]

Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest, which can result in severe long-term psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest.[18]

Globally, approximately 18–19% of women and 8% of men disclose being sexually abused during their childhood.[19][20] The gender gap may be caused by higher victimization of girls, lower willingness of men to disclose abuse, or both.[19] Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims; approximately 30% are relatives of the child, most often fathers, uncles or cousins; around 60% are other acquaintances such as friends of the family, babysitters, or neighbors; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10% of child sexual abuse cases. Most child sexual abuse is committed by men; women commit approximately 14% of offenses reported against boys and 6% of offenses reported against girls.[21] Child sexual abuse offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children.[22]

People with developmental disabilities

Main article: Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities

People with developmental disabilities are often victims of sexual abuse. According to research, people with disabilities are at a greater risk for victimization of sexual assault or sexual abuse because of lack of understanding (Sobsey & Varnhagen, 1989).

Elderly and people with dementia

Elderly people, especially those with dementia, can be at risk of abuse. There were over 6,000 "safeguarding concerns and alerts" at UK care homes from 2013 to 2015. These included alleged inappropriate touching and worse allegations. Offenders were most often other residents but staff also offended. It is suspected some care homes may deliberately overlook these offenses.[23]

People in poverty

People in poverty, including those from developing countries, are vulnerable to forced prostitution,[24][25][26] live streaming sexual abuse,[5][6][7] and other forms of molestation. Victims who come from families in poverty often have less connections, power, protection, and education about sex crimes.[27]

Minorities

Sexual abuse is a problem in some minority communities. In 2007, a number of Hispanic victims were included in the settlement of a massive sexual abuse case involving the Los Angeles archdiocese of the Catholic Church.[28] A qualitative study by Kim et al. discusses the experiences of sexual abuse in the US population of Mexican immigrant women, citing immigration, acculturation, and several other social elements as risk factors for abuse.[29]

Animals

Captive breeding activities are sometimes described as sexual abuse.[30] People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has specifically objected, for example, to SeaWorld's breeding of orcas (Orcinus orca).[30] Captive breeding of animals led to the idea of capturing and enslaving women for involuntary breeding according to Charles Patterson.[31]

Treatment

In the emergency department, contraceptive medications are offered to women raped by men because about 5% of such rapes result in pregnancy.[32] Preventative medication against sexually transmitted infections are given to victims of all types of sexual abuse (especially for the most common diseases like chlamydia, gonorhea, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis) and a blood serum is collected to test for STIs (such as HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis).[32] Any survivor with abrasions are immunized for tetanus if 5 years have elapsed since the last immunization.[32] Short-term treatment with a benzodiazepine may help with acute anxiety and antidepressants may be helpful for symptoms of PTSD, depression and panic attacks.[32]

Sexual abuse has been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms in abused children. Treatment for psychotic symptoms may also be involved in sexual abuse treatment.[33]

In regards to long term psychological treatment, prolonged exposure therapy has been tested as a method of long-term PTSD treatment for victims of sexual abuse.[34]

Prevention

Child sexual abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children. Programmes delivered to parents were developed in the 1980s and took the form of one-off meetings, two to three hours long.[35][36][37][38][39][40] In the last 15 years, web-based programmes have been developed.

Survivor

The term survivor is sometimes used for a living victim, including victims of non-fatal harm, to honor and empower the strength of an individual to heal, in particular a living victim of sexual abuse or assault.[41] For example, there are the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and The Survivors Trust.

Positions of power

See also: Abusive power and control, Power harassment, and Rankism

Sexual misconduct can occur where one person uses a position of authority to compel another person to engage in an otherwise unwanted sexual activity. For example, sexual harassment in the workplace might involve an employee being coerced into a sexual situation out of fear of being dismissed. Sexual harassment in education might involve a student submitting to the sexual advances of a person in authority in fear of being punished, for example by being given a failing grade.

Several sexual abuse scandals have involved abuse of religious authority and often cover-up among non-abusers, including cases in the Southern Baptist Convention,[42] Catholic Church, Episcopalian religion,[43] Islam,[44] Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran church,[45] Methodist Church,[46] Anabaptist/Mennonite Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[47] the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Orthodox Judaism,[48] other branches of Judaism,[49] various buddhist schools such as Zen and Tibetan,[50][51][52][53] Yoga classes,[54] and various cults.

In October 2020, a powerful member of the United Arab Emirates' royal family, Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, was accused of exploiting his authority by a British citizen, Caitlin McNamara, who was working on Abu Dhabi Hay Festival. On February 14 that year, the UAE's Minister of Tolerance called McNamara for a dinner at his villa on private island and sexually abused the woman, who was organizing the literary festival for the country.[55]

Animals

Main article: Sexual coercion among animals

Sexual abuse has been identified among animals as well, for example, among the Adélie penguins.[56]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Sexual abuse". American Psychological Association. 2018 American Psychological Association. from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Child Molestation vs. Sexual Abuse". Manly, Stewart & Finaldi. 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  3. ^ "Peer commentaries on Green (2002) and Schmidt (2002)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31 (6): 479–503. 2002. doi:10.1023/A:1020603214218. S2CID 102340546. Child molester is a pejorative term applied to both the pedophile and incest offender.
  4. ^ Brown, Rick; Napier, Sarah; Smith, Russell G (2020), Australians who view live streaming of child sexual abuse: An analysis of financial transactions, Australian Institute of Criminology, ISBN 9781925304336 pp. 1–4.
  5. ^ a b "Child Sex Abuse Livestreams Increase During Coronavirus Lockdowns". NPR. April 8, 2020. from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Philippines child slavery survivors fight to heal scars of abuse". Reuters. April 8, 2020. from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  7. ^ a b "What is Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation?". NCA. 2020. from the original on 2020-04-26. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  8. ^ Patricia, Mahoney. "The Wife Rape Fact Sheet". National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center. National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center. from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Child Sexual Abuse". Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2008-04-02. from the original on 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
  10. ^ Committee on Professional Practice and Standards (COPPS); Board of Professional Affairs (BPA); American Psychological Association (APA); Catherine Acuff; Steven Bisbing; Michael Gottlieb; Lisa Grossman; Jody Porter; Richard Reichbart; Steven Sparta; C. Eugene Walker (August 1999). "Guidelines for Psychological Evaluations in Child Protection Matters". American Psychologist. 54 (8): 586–593. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.586. PMID 10453704. from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-05-07. Abuse, sexual (child): generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person.
    • . APA PsycNET. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14.
  11. ^ Martin, J.; Anderson, J.; Romans, S.; Mullen, P; O'Shea, M (1993). "Asking about child sexual abuse: methodological implications of a two-stage survey". Child Abuse and Neglect. 17 (3): 383–392. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(93)90061-9. PMID 8330225.
  12. ^ Child sexual abuse definition 2010-02-13 at the Wayback Machine from the NSPCC
  13. ^ Whiffen, V. E.; MacIntosh, H. B. (2005). "Mediators of the link between childhood sexual abuse and emotional distress: a critical review". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 6 (1): 24–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.331.7436. doi:10.1177/1524838004272543. PMID 15574671. S2CID 10627203.
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  15. ^ Maniglio, R. (2011). "The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 124 (1): 30–41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x. PMID 20946202. S2CID 35525949.
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  17. ^ Regier, PS; Monge, ZA; Franklin, TR; Wetherill, RR; Teitelman, AM; Jagannathan, K; et al. (2017). "Emotional, physical and sexual abuse are associated with a heightened limbic response to cocaine cues". Addiction Biology. 22 (6): 1768–177. doi:10.1111/adb.12445. PMC 5767126. PMID 27654662.
  18. ^ Courtois, Christine A. (1988). Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-393-31356-7.
  19. ^ a b Stoltenborgh, M.; van IJzendoorn, M. H.; Euser, E. M.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). "A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world". Child Maltreatment. 16 (2): 79–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1029.9752. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920. PMID 21511741. S2CID 30813632.
  20. ^ Pereda, N.; Guilera, G.; Forns, M.; Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). "The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis". Clinical Psychology Review. 29 (4): 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007. hdl:2445/27746. PMID 19371992.
  21. ^ Whealin, Julia Whealin (2007-05-22). . National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, US Department of Veterans Affairs. Archived from the original on 2009-07-30.
  22. ^ Seto, Michael (2008). Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. p. vii.
  23. ^ Sex crimes against the elderly - are they being ignored? 2018-11-06 at the Wayback Machine BBC
  24. ^ "Myanmar officials blame human trafficking on poverty, unemployment". Myanmar Times. September 7, 2018. from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  25. ^ "Poverty Causes Trafficking to China, Says Report". Khmer Times. September 1, 2016. from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  26. ^ "POVERTY AND CONFLICT IN MYANMAR FUEL HUMAN TRAFFICKING". Caritas. 23 November 2017. from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  27. ^ "China's Bride Trafficking Problem". The Diplomat. October 30, 2019. from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  28. ^ "Catholic Sex Abuse Hits Home for Latinos". NPR.org. from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
  29. ^ Kim, T; Draucker, CB; Bradway, C; Grisso, JA; Sommers, MS (2017). "Somos Hermanas Del Mismo Dolor (We Are Sisters of the Same Pain): intimate partner sexual violence narratives among Mexican immigrant women in the United States". Violence Against Women. 23 (5): 623–642. doi:10.1177/1077801216646224. PMID 27130923. S2CID 43738091.
  30. ^ a b Stokes, Ashli Q.; Atkins-Sayre, Wendy (2018). "PETA, rhetorical fracture, and the power of digital activism". Public Relations Inquiry. SAGE Publications. 7 (2): 149–170. doi:10.1177/2046147x18770216. ISSN 2046-147X. S2CID 158981724.
  31. ^ Patterson, Charles (2002). Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust. New York City, NY, US: Lantern Books. pp. xvi+296. ISBN 9781930051997. OCLC 48249492.
  32. ^ a b c d Varcarolis, Elizabeth (2013). Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing. St. Louis: Elsevier. pp. 439–442.
  33. ^ Crush, E; Arseneault, L; Jaffee, SR; Danese, A; Fisher, HL (2018). "Protective factors for psychotic symptoms among poly-victimized children". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 44 (3): 691–700. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx111. PMC 5890453. PMID 28981896.
  34. ^ Schiff, M; Nacasch, N; Levit, S; Katz, N; Foa, EB (2015). "Prolonged exposure for treating PTSD among female methadone patients who were survivors of sexual abuse in Israel". Social Work & Health Care. 54 (8): 687–707. doi:10.1080/00981389.2015.1058311. PMID 26399489. S2CID 9288531.
  35. ^ Babatsikos, Georgia (2010). "Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices about preventing child sexual abuse: a literature review". Child Abuse Review. 19 (2): 107–129. doi:10.1002/car.1102. ISSN 0952-9136.
  36. ^ Hébert, Martine; Lavoie, Francine; Parent, Nathalie (2002-06-01). "An Assessment of Outcomes Following Parents' Participation in a Child Abuse Prevention Program". Violence and Victims. 17 (3): 355–372. doi:10.1891/vivi.17.3.355.33664. ISSN 0886-6708. PMID 12102058. S2CID 33445782.
  37. ^ Wurtele, Sandy K.; Moreno, Tasha; Kenny, Maureen C. (2008). "Evaluation of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Workshop for Parents of Young Children". Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 1 (4): 331–340. doi:10.1080/19361520802505768. ISSN 1936-1521. S2CID 146651342.
  38. ^ Wurtele, Sandy K.; Kenny, Maureen C. (2010). "Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse". Child Abuse Review. 19 (2): 130–152. doi:10.1002/car.1112. ISSN 0952-9136.
  39. ^ Williams, Mike (2018). "Four Steps to the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the Home" (PDF). NSPCC. (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
  40. ^ Williams, Mike (2018). "Working with a community to prevent child sexual abuse in the home" (PDF). NSPCC. (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  41. ^ . Clarku.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
  42. ^ "StopBaptistPredators.org". stopbaptistpredators.org. from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  43. ^ . Archived from the original on February 14, 2010.
  44. ^ Joe Murphy (2012-05-18). "Baroness Warsi: Some Pakistani men think young white girls are "fair game" for sex abuse - Politics - News - Evening Standard". Thisislondon.co.uk. from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
  45. ^ . Archived from the original on January 10, 2010.
  46. ^ . Archived from the original on June 25, 2009.
  47. ^ Anderson, Lavina (1995). Case Reports of the Mormon Alliance Volume 1. ISBN 978-0-10-878835-2.
  48. ^ Abuse Scandal Plagues Hasidic Jews In Brooklyn 2018-04-11 at the Wayback Machine by Barbara Bradley Hagerty. All Things Considered, National Public Radio. 2 February 2009.
  49. ^ Amy, Neustein, ed. (2009). Tempest in the Temple: Jewish Communities and Child Sex Scandals. Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life. Waltham, Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-671-5.
  50. ^ Oppenheimer, Mark (2014-12-18). "The Zen Predator of the Upper East Side". The Atlantic. from the original on 2019-03-04. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
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  52. ^ Marsh, Sarah (5 March 2018). "Buddhist group admits sexual abuse by teachers". The Guardian. from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  53. ^ Sperry, Rod Meade; Atwood, Haleigh (2018-03-30). "Against the Stream to investigate allegations of sexual misconduct by Noah Levine; results expected within a month". Lion's Roar. from the original on 2018-10-22. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
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  56. ^ McKie, Robin (9 June 2012). "'Sexual depravity' of penguins that Antarctic scientist dared not reveal". Guardian.co.uk. from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

Further reading

  • Baladerian, N. (1991). "Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities". Sexuality and Disability. 9 (4): 323–335. doi:10.1007/BF01102020. S2CID 59276744.
  • Baur, Susan (1997). The Intimate Hour: Love and Sex in Psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-82284-X. OCLC 679319405 – via Internet Archive.
  • Geffner, Robert; Sorenson, Susan B.; Lundberg-Love, Paula K. (1997). Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home: Current Issues in Spousal Battering and Child Maltreatment. New York. ISBN 978-1-317-76465-6. OCLC 868068041 – via Internet Archive.
  • Reynolds, Leigh Ann (1997). "People with Mental Retardation & Sexual Abuse. the Arc Q & A" (PDF). Arc National Headquarters. OCLC 967115355. ERIC ED416651.
  • Sobsey, Richard (1994). Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People With Disabilities: The End of Silent Acceptance?. Baltimore: P.H. Brooks Pub. Co. ISBN 1-55766-148-0. OCLC 621974642 – via Internet Archive.
  • Sobsey, Richard; Varnhagen, Connie (1989). "Sexual abuse and exploitation of people with disabilities: Toward Prevention and Treatment". In Csapo, Marg; Goguen, Leonard (eds.). Special Education across Canada: issues and concerns for the '90s. Vancouver: Centre for Human Development and Research. pp. 199–218). ISBN 0-919291-25-2. OCLC 22539921.
  • Valenti-Hein, Denise; Schwartz, Linda D (1995). Sexual Abuse Interview for those With Developmental Disabilities. Santa Barbara, CA, US: James Stanfield Company. OCLC 4769388904.
  • Walker, Evelyn; Young, Perry Deane (1986). A Killing Cure. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 0-03-069906-1. OCLC 572278511 – via Internet Archive. One Woman's True Account of Sexual and Drug Abuse and Near Death at the Hands of Her Psychiatrist

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexual abuse.
  • Sexual abuse at Curlie
  • "Child Sexual Abuse". MedlinePlus.

January 26, 2023
sexual, abuse, academic, journal, titled, sexual, abuse, sexual, abuse, journal, abuse, redirects, here, self, inflicted, unhealthy, sexual, behavior, sexual, addiction, abuse, also, referred, molestation, abusive, sexual, behavior, person, upon, another, ofte. For the academic journal titled Sexual Abuse see Sexual Abuse journal Sex abuse redirects here For self inflicted unhealthy sexual behavior see Sexual addiction Sexual abuse or sex abuse also referred to as molestation is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another 1 Molestation often refers to an instance of sexual assault against a small child whereas sexual abuse is a term used for a persistent pattern of sexual assaults 2 The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or often pejoratively molester 3 The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually The use of a child or other individuals younger than the age of consent for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse or statutory rape Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts and or rape in real time on webcam 4 5 6 7 Contents 1 Victims 1 1 Spouses 1 2 Children 1 3 People with developmental disabilities 1 4 Elderly and people with dementia 1 5 People in poverty 1 6 Minorities 1 7 Animals 2 Treatment 3 Prevention 4 Survivor 5 Positions of power 6 Animals 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksVictimsSpouses See also Domestic violence and Marital rape Spousal sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman s husband or ex husband it may constitute rape depending on the jurisdiction and may also constitute an assault 8 Children Main article Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent 9 10 It includes direct sexual contact the adult or otherwise older person engaging indecent exposure of the genitals female nipples etc to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities displaying pornography to a child or using a child to produce child pornography 9 11 12 Effects of child sexual abuse include shame self blame 13 depression anxiety post traumatic stress disorder self esteem issues sexual dysfunction chronic pelvic pain addiction self injury suicidal ideation borderline personality disorder and propensity to re victimization in adulthood 14 Child sexual abuse is a risk factor for attempting suicide 15 Additionally some studies have shown childhood sexual abuse to be a risk factor of the perpetration of intimate partner violence in men 16 Much of the harm caused to victims becomes apparent years after the abuse happens With specific regard to addiction a study by Reiger et al supports previous findings that adverse life events increase sensitivity to drug rewards and bolster drug reward signaling by exposing an association between heightened limbic response to cocaine cues 17 Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest which can result in severe long term psychological trauma especially in the case of parental incest 18 Globally approximately 18 19 of women and 8 of men disclose being sexually abused during their childhood 19 20 The gender gap may be caused by higher victimization of girls lower willingness of men to disclose abuse or both 19 Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims approximately 30 are relatives of the child most often fathers uncles or cousins around 60 are other acquaintances such as friends of the family babysitters or neighbors strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 of child sexual abuse cases Most child sexual abuse is committed by men women commit approximately 14 of offenses reported against boys and 6 of offenses reported against girls 21 Child sexual abuse offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children 22 People with developmental disabilities Main article Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities People with developmental disabilities are often victims of sexual abuse According to research people with disabilities are at a greater risk for victimization of sexual assault or sexual abuse because of lack of understanding Sobsey amp Varnhagen 1989 Elderly and people with dementia Elderly people especially those with dementia can be at risk of abuse There were over 6 000 safeguarding concerns and alerts at UK care homes from 2013 to 2015 These included alleged inappropriate touching and worse allegations Offenders were most often other residents but staff also offended It is suspected some care homes may deliberately overlook these offenses 23 People in poverty People in poverty including those from developing countries are vulnerable to forced prostitution 24 25 26 live streaming sexual abuse 5 6 7 and other forms of molestation Victims who come from families in poverty often have less connections power protection and education about sex crimes 27 Minorities The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate October 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sexual abuse is a problem in some minority communities In 2007 a number of Hispanic victims were included in the settlement of a massive sexual abuse case involving the Los Angeles archdiocese of the Catholic Church 28 A qualitative study by Kim et al discusses the experiences of sexual abuse in the US population of Mexican immigrant women citing immigration acculturation and several other social elements as risk factors for abuse 29 Animals Captive breeding activities are sometimes described as sexual abuse 30 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA has specifically objected for example to SeaWorld s breeding of orcas Orcinus orca 30 Captive breeding of animals led to the idea of capturing and enslaving women for involuntary breeding according to Charles Patterson 31 TreatmentIn the emergency department contraceptive medications are offered to women raped by men because about 5 of such rapes result in pregnancy 32 Preventative medication against sexually transmitted infections are given to victims of all types of sexual abuse especially for the most common diseases like chlamydia gonorhea trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis and a blood serum is collected to test for STIs such as HIV hepatitis B and syphilis 32 Any survivor with abrasions are immunized for tetanus if 5 years have elapsed since the last immunization 32 Short term treatment with a benzodiazepine may help with acute anxiety and antidepressants may be helpful for symptoms of PTSD depression and panic attacks 32 Sexual abuse has been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms in abused children Treatment for psychotic symptoms may also be involved in sexual abuse treatment 33 In regards to long term psychological treatment prolonged exposure therapy has been tested as a method of long term PTSD treatment for victims of sexual abuse 34 PreventionChild sexual abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children Programmes delivered to parents were developed in the 1980s and took the form of one off meetings two to three hours long 35 36 37 38 39 40 In the last 15 years web based programmes have been developed SurvivorThe term survivor is sometimes used for a living victim including victims of non fatal harm to honor and empower the strength of an individual to heal in particular a living victim of sexual abuse or assault 41 For example there are the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and The Survivors Trust Positions of powerSee also Abusive power and control Power harassment and Rankism Sexual misconduct can occur where one person uses a position of authority to compel another person to engage in an otherwise unwanted sexual activity For example sexual harassment in the workplace might involve an employee being coerced into a sexual situation out of fear of being dismissed Sexual harassment in education might involve a student submitting to the sexual advances of a person in authority in fear of being punished for example by being given a failing grade Several sexual abuse scandals have involved abuse of religious authority and often cover up among non abusers including cases in the Southern Baptist Convention 42 Catholic Church Episcopalian religion 43 Islam 44 Jehovah s Witnesses Lutheran church 45 Methodist Church 46 Anabaptist Mennonite Church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints 47 the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Orthodox Judaism 48 other branches of Judaism 49 various buddhist schools such as Zen and Tibetan 50 51 52 53 Yoga classes 54 and various cults In October 2020 a powerful member of the United Arab Emirates royal family Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan was accused of exploiting his authority by a British citizen Caitlin McNamara who was working on Abu Dhabi Hay Festival On February 14 that year the UAE s Minister of Tolerance called McNamara for a dinner at his villa on private island and sexually abused the woman who was organizing the literary festival for the country 55 AnimalsMain article Sexual coercion among animals Sexual abuse has been identified among animals as well for example among the Adelie penguins 56 See alsoAbuse Auguste Ambroise Tardieu Birth control sabotage Child grooming Cinderella effect Circles of Support and Accountability Domestic abuse Hebephilia Institutional abuse Journal of Sexual Aggression MeToo Minor law Operation Protect Our Children Prevention Project Dunkelfeld Psychological manipulation Rape Abuse amp Incest National Network Sexual bullying Sexual violence Sex and the law Stalking Survivors Trust Virtuous 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accused of sexual assault Indian Express 21 June 2018 Archived from the original on 1 May 2021 Retrieved 1 May 2021 Gulf minister of tolerance in sex assault on Hay books festival worker The Times Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 Retrieved 17 October 2020 McKie Robin 9 June 2012 Sexual depravity of penguins that Antarctic scientist dared not reveal Guardian co uk Archived from the original on 25 December 2018 Retrieved 17 December 2016 Further readingBaladerian N 1991 Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities Sexuality and Disability 9 4 323 335 doi 10 1007 BF01102020 S2CID 59276744 Baur Susan 1997 The Intimate Hour Love and Sex in Psychotherapy Boston Houghton Mifflin Co ISBN 0 395 82284 X OCLC 679319405 via Internet Archive Geffner Robert Sorenson Susan B Lundberg Love Paula K 1997 Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home Current Issues in Spousal Battering and Child Maltreatment New York ISBN 978 1 317 76465 6 OCLC 868068041 via Internet Archive Reynolds Leigh Ann 1997 People with Mental Retardation amp Sexual Abuse the Arc Q amp A PDF Arc National Headquarters OCLC 967115355 ERIC ED416651 Sobsey Richard 1994 Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People With Disabilities The End of Silent Acceptance Baltimore P H Brooks Pub Co ISBN 1 55766 148 0 OCLC 621974642 via Internet Archive Sobsey Richard Varnhagen Connie 1989 Sexual abuse and exploitation of people with disabilities Toward Prevention and Treatment In Csapo Marg Goguen Leonard eds Special Education across Canada issues and concerns for the 90s Vancouver Centre for Human Development and Research pp 199 218 ISBN 0 919291 25 2 OCLC 22539921 Valenti Hein Denise Schwartz Linda D 1995 Sexual Abuse Interview for those With Developmental Disabilities Santa Barbara CA US James Stanfield Company OCLC 4769388904 Walker Evelyn Young Perry Deane 1986 A Killing Cure New York H Holt ISBN 0 03 069906 1 OCLC 572278511 via Internet Archive One Woman s True Account of Sexual and Drug Abuse and Near Death at the Hands of Her PsychiatristExternal links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexual abuse Sexual abuse at Curlie Child Sexual Abuse MedlinePlus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sexual abuse amp oldid 1131724266, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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