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Wikipedia

Bill Gates

March 19, 2023

This article is about the co-founder of Microsoft. For other people of the same name, see Bill Gates (disambiguation).

William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and writer. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen.[2][3] During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014.[4] He was a major entrepreneur of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.

Bill Gates
Gates in 2018
Born
William Henry Gates III

(1955-10-28) October 28, 1955 (age 67)
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
EducationHarvard University
(dropped out)
Occupations
  • Businessman
  • investor
  • philanthropist
Years active1972–present
Known forCo-founder of Microsoft and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Title
Board member of
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1994; div. 2021)​
Children3
Parents
Awards
Websitewww.gatesnotes.com
Signature

Gates was born and raised in Seattle. In 1975, he and Allen founded Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It became the world's largest personal computer software company.[5][a] Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000, succeeded by Steve Ballmer, but he remained chairman of the board of directors and became chief software architect.[8] During the late 1990s, he was criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings.[9] In June 2008, Gates transitioned to a part-time role at Microsoft and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the private charitable foundation he and his then-wife Melinda established in 2000.[10] He stepped down as chairman of the board of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.[11] In March 2020, Gates left his board positions at Microsoft and Berkshire Hathaway to focus on his philanthropic efforts on climate change, global health and development, and education.[12]

Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people.[13][14] From 1995 to 2017, he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world every year except from 2010 to 2013.[15] In October 2017, he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, who had an estimated net worth of US$90.6 billion compared to Gates's net worth of US$89.9 billion at the time.[16] As of February 2023, Gates has an estimated net worth of US$113 billion, making him the fourth-richest person in the world.[17]

Later in his career and since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 2008, Gates has pursued many business and philanthropic endeavors. He is the founder and chairman of several companies, including BEN, Cascade Investment, TerraPower, bgC3, and Breakthrough Energy. He has given sizable amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity.[18] Through the foundation, he led an early 21st century vaccination campaign that significantly contributed to the eradication of the wild poliovirus in Africa.[19][20] In 2010, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy.[21]

Early life

Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington on October 28, 1955.[3] He is the son of William H. Gates Sr.[b] (1925–2020) and Mary Maxwell Gates (1929–1994).[22] His ancestry includes English, German, and Irish/Scots-Irish.[23] His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America. Gates's maternal grandfather was J. W. Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has an older sister Kristi (Kristianne) and a younger sister Libby. He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or "Trey" (i.e., three) because his father had the "II" suffix.[24][25] The family lived in the Sand Point area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare tornado when Gates was seven years old.[26]

Early in his life, Gates observed that his parents wanted him to pursue a law career.[27] When he was young, his family regularly attended a church of the Congregational Christian Churches, a Protestant Reformed denomination.[28][29][30] Gates was small for his age and was bullied as a child.[25] The family encouraged competition; one visitor reported that "it didn't matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swimming to the dock; there was always a reward for winning and there was always a penalty for losing".[31]

 
Gates (right) with Paul Allen seated at Teletype Model 33 ASR terminals in Lakeside School, 1970

At 13, he enrolled in the private Lakeside prep school,[32][33] where he wrote his first software program.[34] When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers' Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy a Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the students.[35] Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC, and he was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine, an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly.[36] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, Gates and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC) which banned Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Gates's best friend and first business partner Kent Evans, for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[37][25]

The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers Club to make money.[25] At the end of the ban, they offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for extra computer time. Rather than using the system remotely via Teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970 when the company went out of business.

The following year, a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates and Evans to automate the school's class-scheduling system, providing them computer time and royalties in return. The duo worked diligently in order to have the program ready for their senior year. Towards the end of their junior year, Evans was killed in a mountain climbing accident, which Gates has described as one of the saddest days of his life. Gates then turned to Allen who helped him finish the system for Lakeside.[25]

At 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen called Traf-O-Data to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor.[38] In 1972, he served as a congressional page in the House of Representatives.[39][40] He was a National Merit Scholar when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973.[41] He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT) and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.[42][43] He chose a pre-law major but took mathematics (including Math 55) and graduate level computer science courses.[44] While at Harvard, he met fellow student Steve Ballmer. Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated magna cum laude. Years later, Ballmer succeeded Gates as Microsoft's CEO and maintained that position from 2000 until his resignation in 2014.[45][46]

Gates devised an algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved problems[47] presented in a combinatorics class by professor Harry Lewis. His solution held the record as the fastest version for over 30 years, and its successor is faster by only 2%.[47][48] His solution was formalized and published in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[49]

Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen and joined him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974.[50] In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 was released based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company.[51] Gates dropped out of Harvard that same year. His parents were supportive of him after seeing how much he wanted to start his own company.[52] He explained his decision to leave Harvard: "if things hadn't worked out, I could always go back to school. I was officially on leave."[53]

Microsoft

Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft § History

BASIC

 
MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) floppy disk system whose first programming language was Microsoft's founding product, Altair BASIC

Gates read the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics which demonstrated the Altair 8800, and he contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform.[54] In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demonstration, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration was held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. MITS hired Allen,[55] and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with him at MITS in November 1975. Allen named their partnership "Micro-Soft", a combination of "microcomputer" and "software", and their first office was in Albuquerque. The first employee Gates and Allen hired was their high school collaborator Ric Weiland.[55] They dropped the hyphen within a year and officially registered the trade name "Microsoft" with the Secretary of the State of New Mexico on November 26, 1976.[55] Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies.

Microsoft's Altair BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked out and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, he wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter in which he asserted that more than 90% of the users of Microsoft Altair BASIC had not paid Microsoft for it and the Altair "hobby market" was in danger of eliminating the incentive for any professional developers to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software.[56] This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.[55] The company moved from Albuquerque to Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.[54]

Gates said he personally reviewed and often rewrote every line of code that the company produced in its first five years. As the company grew, he transitioned into a manager role, then an executive.[57]

DONKEY.BAS, is a computer game written in 1981 and included with early versions of the PC DOS operating system distributed with the original IBM PC. It is a driving game in which the player must avoid hitting donkeys. The game was written by Gates and Neil Konzen.[58][59]

IBM partnership

IBM, the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time, approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC,[60] after Bill Gates's mother, Mary Maxwell Gates, mentioned Microsoft to John Opel, IBM's CEO.[61] IBM first proposed that Microsoft write the BASIC interpreter. IBM's representatives also mentioned that they needed an operating system, and Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system.[62] IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly, however, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and asked if Microsoft could provide an operating system. A few weeks later, Gates and Allen proposed using 86-DOS, an operating system similar to CP/M, that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC.[63] Microsoft made a deal with SCP to be the exclusive licensing agent of 86-DOS, and later the full owner. Microsoft employed Paterson to adapt the operating system for the PC[64] and delivered it to IBM as PC DOS for a one-time fee of $50,000.[65]

The contract itself only earned Microsoft a relatively small fee. It was the prestige brought to Microsoft by IBM's adoption of their operating system that would be the origin of Microsoft's transformation from a small business to the leading software company in the world. Gates had not offered to transfer the copyright on the operating system to IBM because he believed that other personal computer makers would clone IBM's PC hardware.[65] They did, making the IBM-compatible PC, running DOS, a de facto standard. The sales of MS-DOS (the version of DOS sold to customers other than IBM) made Microsoft a major player in the industry.[66] The press quickly identified Microsoft as being very influential on the IBM PC. PC Magazine asked if Gates was "the man behind the machine?".[60]

Gates oversaw Microsoft's company restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington state and made Gates the president and chairman of the board, with Paul Allen as vice president and vice chairman. In early 1983, Allen left the company after receiving a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, effectively ending the formal business partnership between Gates and Allen, which had been strained months prior due to a contentious dispute over Microsoft equity.[54][67] Later in the decade, Gates repaired his relationship with Allen and together the two donated millions to their childhood school Lakeside.[25] They remained friends until Allen's death in October 2018.[68]

Windows

Microsoft and Gates launched their first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20, 1985, in an attempt to fend off competition from Apple's Macintosh GUI, which had captivated consumers with its simplicity and ease of use.[69] In August of the following year, the company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system, the partnership deteriorated due to mounting creative differences.[70] The operating system grew out of DOS in an organic fashion over a decade until Windows 95, which hid the DOS prompt by default. Windows XP, released one year after Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO, was the first to not be based on DOS.[71] Windows 8.1 was the last version of the OS released before Gates left the chair of the firm to John W. Thompson on February 5, 2014.[72]

Management style

 
Gates delivers a speech at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland, January 2008

During Microsoft's early years, Gates was an active software developer, particularly in the company's programming language products, but his primary role in most of the company's history was as a manager and executive. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[73] but he wrote code that shipped with the company's products as late as 1989.[74] Jerry Pournelle wrote in 1985 when Gates announced Microsoft Excel: "Bill Gates likes the program, not because it's going to make him a lot of money (although I'm sure it will do that), but because it's a neat hack."[75]

On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his role at Microsoft to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He gradually divided his responsibilities between two successors when he placed Ray Ozzie in charge of management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.[76] The process took two years to fully transfer his duties to Ozzie and Mundie, and was completed on June 27, 2008.[77]

Post-Microsoft

Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft, Gates has continued his philanthropy and works on other projects.

According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Gates was the world's highest-earning billionaire in 2013, as his net worth increased by US$15.8 billion to US$78.5 billion. As of January 2014, most of Gates's assets are held in Cascade Investment LLC, an entity through which he owns stakes in numerous businesses, including Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, and Corbis Corp.[78] On February 4, 2014, Gates stepped down as chairman of Microsoft to become "technology advisor" at the firm, alongside CEO Satya Nadella.[11][79]

Gates provided his perspective on a range of issues in a substantial interview that was published in the March 27, 2014, issue of Rolling Stone magazine. In the interview, Gates provided his perspective on climate change, his charitable activities, various tech companies and people involved in them, and the state of America. In response to a question about his greatest fear when he looks 50 years into the future, Gates stated: "there'll be some really bad things that'll happen in the next 50 or 100 years, but hopefully none of them on the scale of, say, a million people that you didn't expect to die from a pandemic, or nuclear or bioterrorism." Gates also identified innovation as the "real driver of progress" and pronounced that "America's way better today than it's ever been."[80]

Gates has expressed concern about the potential harms of superintelligence; in a Reddit "ask me anything", he stated that:

First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage it well. A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. I agree with Elon Musk and some others on this and don't understand why some people are not concerned.[81][82][83][84]

In an interview that was held at the TED conference in March 2015, with Baidu's CEO, Robin Li, Gates said he would "highly recommend" Nick Bostrom's recent work, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies.[85] During the conference, Gates warned that the world was not prepared for the next pandemic, a situation that would come to pass in late 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began.[86] In March 2018, Gates met at his home in Seattle with Mohammed bin Salman, the reformist crown prince and de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia to discuss investment opportunities for Saudi Vision 2030.[87][88] In June 2019, Gates admitted that losing the mobile operating system race to Android was his biggest mistake. He stated that it was within their skill set of being the dominant player, but partially blames the antitrust litigation during the time.[89] That same year, Gates became an advisory board member of the Bloomberg New Economy Forum.[90]

On March 13, 2020, Microsoft announced Gates would be leaving his board positions at Berkshire Hathaway and Microsoft to dedicate his efforts in philanthropic endeavors such as climate change, global health and development, and education.[12]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Gates has widely been looked at by media outlets as an expert on the issue, despite him not being a public official or having any prior medical training.[91] His foundation did, however, establish the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator in 2020 to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for COVID-19,[92] and, as of February 2021, Gates expressed that he and Anthony Fauci frequently talk and collaborate on matters including vaccines and other medical innovations to fight the pandemic.[93]

Business ventures and investments (partial list)

Gates has a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio with stake in various sectors[94] and has participated in several entrepreneurial ventures beyond Microsoft, including:

Climate change and energy

 
Gates and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow in November 2021

Gates considers climate change and global access to energy to be critical, interrelated issues. He has urged governments and the private sector to invest in research and development to make clean, reliable energy cheaper. Gates envisions that a breakthrough innovation in sustainable energy technology could drive down both greenhouse gas emissions and poverty, and bring economic benefits by stabilizing energy prices.[123] In 2011, he said: "If you gave me the choice between picking the next 10 presidents or ensuring that energy is environmentally friendly and a quarter as costly, I'd pick the energy thing."[124]

In 2015, he wrote about the challenge of transitioning the world's energy system from one based primarily on fossil fuels to one based on sustainable energy sources. Global energy transitions have historically taken decades. He wrote, "I believe we can make this transition faster, both because the pace of innovation is accelerating, and because we have never had such an urgent reason to move from one source of energy to another."[125] This rapid transition, according to Gates, would depend on increased government funding for basic research and financially risky private-sector investment, to enable innovation in diverse areas such as nuclear energy, grid energy storage to facilitate greater use of solar and wind energy, and solar fuels.[126]

 
The European Commission, European Investment Bank and Gates' Breakthrough Energy Catalyst agreed at the 2021 UN Climate Change conference to work together to bring green technologies to market.

Gates spearheaded two initiatives that he announced at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. One was Mission Innovation, in which 20 national governments pledged to double their spending on research and development for carbon-free energy in over five years' time.[123] Another initiative was Breakthrough Energy, a group of investors who agreed to fund high-risk startups in clean energy technologies. Gates, who had already invested $1 billion of his own money in innovative energy startups, committed a further $1 billion to Breakthrough Energy.[126] In December 2020, he called for the U.S. federal government to create institutes for clean energy research, analogous to the National Institutes of Health.[127] Gates has also urged rich nations to shift to 100% synthetic beef industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production.[128]

Gates has been criticised for holding a large stake in Signature Aviation, a company that services emissions-intensive private jets.[129] In 2019, he began to divest from fossil fuels. He does not expect divestment itself to have much practical impact, but says that if his efforts to provide alternatives were to fail, he would not want to personally benefit from an increase in fossil fuel stock prices.[130] After he published his book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster, parts of the climate activist community criticized Gate's approach as technological solutionism.[131]

In June 2021, Gates's company TerraPower and Warren Buffett's PacifiCorp announced the first sodium nuclear reactor in Wyoming. Wyoming Governor Mike Gordon hailed the project as a step toward carbon-negative nuclear power. Wyoming Senator John Barrasso also said that it could boost the state's once-active uranium mining industry.[132]

Gates spent many efforts to make pass the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 because of his importance to climate. He tried to convince Joe Manchin to support a climate bill from the year 2019 and especially in the months before the adoption of the bill. The bill should cut the global greenhouse gas emissions in a level similar to "eliminating the annual planet-warming pollution of France and Germany combined" and may help to limit the warming of the planet to 1.5 degrees - the target of the Paris Agreement.[133] He thanked both Joe Manchin and Chuck Schumer for their efforts in a guest essay in The New York Times, where he said "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may be the single most important piece of climate legislation in American history" given its potential to spur development of new technologies.[134]

Political positions

Regulation of the software industry

See also: Bill Gates § Antitrust litigation, and United States v. Microsoft Corp.

In 1998, Gates rejected the need for regulation of the software industry in testimony before the United States Senate.[135] During the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) investigation of Microsoft in the 1990s, Gates was reportedly upset at Commissioner Dennis Yao for "float[ing] a line of hypothetical questions suggesting possible curbs on Microsoft's growing monopoly power". According to one source:

Gates was vexed. "He started by calling Yao's ideas socialistic," recalls a source familiar with the July 15 meeting, "and as he got angrier and angrier and louder and louder, he got into calling them Communistic."[136]

Donald Trump Facebook ban

On February 18, 2021, after Facebook and Twitter had banned Donald Trump from their platforms as a result of the 2020 United States presidential election which led to the January 6 United States Capitol attack, Gates said a permanent ban of Trump "would be a shame" and would be an "extreme measure". He warned that it would cause "polarization" if users with different political views divide up among various social networks, and said: "I don't think banning somebody who actually did get a fair number of votes (in the presidential election) – well less than a majority – but I don't think having him off forever would be that good."[135]

Patents for COVID-19 vaccines

Main article: Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19

In April 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Gates was criticized for suggesting that pharmaceutical companies should hold onto patents for COVID-19 vaccines. The criticism came due to the possibility of this preventing poorer nations from obtaining adequate vaccines. Tara Van Ho of the University of Essex stated, "Gates speaks as if all the lives being lost in India are inevitable but eventually the West will help when in reality the US & UK are holding their feet on the neck of developing states by refusing to break [intellectual property rights] protections. It's disgusting."[137]

Gates is opposed to the TRIPS waiver.[138][139][140] Bloomberg News reported him as saying he argued that Oxford University should not give away the rights to its COVID-19 information, as it had announced, but instead sell it to a single industry partner, as it did.[141] His views on the value of legal monopolies in medicine have been linked to his views on legal monopolies in software.[139][140]

Cryptocurrencies

Gates is critical of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. According to Gates, cryptocurrencies provide no "valuable output", contribute nothing to society, and pose a danger especially for smaller investors who couldn't survive the potentially high losses. Gates also doesn't own any cryptocurrencies himself.[142]

Philanthropy

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Main article: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
 
Gates with Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, President Umaru Yar'Adua of Nigeria and others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum

Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the "William H. Gates Foundation". In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion.[143][144] The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust.[145][146] Gates, through his foundation, also donated $20 million to Carnegie Mellon University for a new building to be named Gates Center for Computer Science which opened in 2009.[147][148]

Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller as a major influence. Gates and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and their charity work is partly modeled on the Rockefeller family's philanthropic focus, whereby they are interested in tackling the global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.[149] As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over $28 billion to charity;[150] the couple plan to eventually donate 95% of their wealth to charity.[151]

The foundation is organized into five program areas: Global Development Division, Global Health Division, United States Division, and Global Policy & Advocacy Division. Among others, it supports a wide range of public health projects, granting aid to fight transmissible diseases such AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, as well as widespread vaccine programs to eradicate polio. It grants funds to learning institutes and libraries and supports scholarships at universities. The foundation established a water, sanitation and hygiene program to provide sustainable sanitation services in poor countries.[152] Its agriculture division supports the International Rice Research Institute in developing Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice variant used to combat vitamin A deficiency.[153] The goal of the foundation is to provide 120 million women and girls, in the poorest countries, with high-quality contraceptive information and services, with the longer-term goal of universal access to voluntary family planning.[154] In 2007, the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to developing countries.[155] Although the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess social responsibility,[156] it was subsequently canceled and upheld its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.[157]

 
Gates in a fireside chat moderated by Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival 2020

Gates delivered his thoughts in a fireside chat moderated by journalist and news anchor Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival on December 8, 2020, on the topic, "Building Infrastructure for Resilience: What the COVID-19 Response Can Teach Us About How to Scale Financial Inclusion".[158]

Governments are there to think ahead to bad things that might happen. In the case of (the Covid-19) pandemic, not enough was done. We can't forget that another pandemic will come and we'll need to invest in being ready in that, ... while not forgetting that we were not prepared and we're going to have to invest – just like having a fire department – some money in an intelligent way and actually simulate what might happen and make sure that we're ready for it.[158]

Gates favours the normalization of COVID-19 masks. In a November 2020 interview, he said: "What are these, like, nudists? I mean, you know, we ask you to wear pants, and no American says, or very few Americans say, that that's, like, some terrible thing."[159]

Personal donations

Melinda Gates suggested that people should emulate the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family, who sold their home and gave away half of its value, as detailed in their book, The Power of Half.[160] Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates and investor Warren Buffett each signed a commitment they called the "Giving Pledge", which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth, over the course of time, to charity.[161][162][163]

Gates has also provided personal donations to educational institutions. In 1999, Gates donated $20 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the construction of a computer laboratory named the "William H. Gates Building" that was designed by architect Frank Gehry. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates.[164]

The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences is named after the mothers of both Gates and Microsoft President Steven A. Ballmer, both of whom were students (Ballmer was a member of the school's graduating class of 1977, while Gates left his studies for Microsoft), and donated funds for the laboratory's construction.[165] Gates also donated $6 million to the construction of the Gates Computer Science Building, completed in January 1996, on the campus of Stanford University. The building contains the Computer Science Department and the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) of Stanford's Engineering department.[166]

Since 2005, Gates and his foundation have taken an interest in solving global sanitation problems. For example, they announced the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", which has received considerable media interest.[167] To raise awareness for the topic of sanitation and possible solutions, Gates drank water that was "produced from human feces" in 2014 – it was produced from a sewage sludge treatment process called the Omni Processor.[168][169] In early 2015, he also appeared with Jimmy Fallon on The Tonight Show and challenged him to see if he could taste the difference between this reclaimed water or bottled water.[170]

In November 2017, Gates said he would give $50 million to the Dementia Discovery Fund, a venture capital fund that seeks treatment for Alzheimer's disease. He also pledged an additional $50 million to start-up ventures working in Alzheimer's research.[171] Bill and Melinda Gates have said that they intend to leave their three children $10 million each as their inheritance. With only $30 million kept in the family, they are expected to give away about 99.96% of their wealth.[172] On August 25, 2018, Gates distributed $600,000 through his foundation via UNICEF which is helping flood affected victims in Kerala, India.[173]

In June 2018, Bill Gates offered free ebooks, to all new graduates of U.S. colleges and universities,[174] and in 2021, offered free ebooks, to all college and university students around the world.[175][176] The Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation partially funds OpenStax, which creates and provides free digital textbooks.[177]

In July 2022 he reiterated the commitment he had made by starting The Giving Pledge campaign by anouncing on his Twitter channel he planned to give 'virtually all' his wealth to charity and eventually 'move off of the list of the world’s richest people.'[178]

Charity sports events

On April 29, 2017, Gates partnered with Swiss tennis legend Roger Federer in playing in the Match for Africa 4, a noncompetitive tennis match at a sold-out Key Arena in Seattle. The event was in support of the Roger Federer Foundation's charity efforts in Africa.[179] Federer and Gates played against John Isner, the top-ranked American player for much of this decade, and Mike McCready, the lead guitarist for Pearl Jam. The pair won the match 6 games to 4. Overall, they raised $2 million for children in Africa.[180] The following year, Gates and Federer returned to play in the Match for Africa 5 on March 5, 2018, at San Jose's SAP Center. Their opponents were Jack Sock, one of the top American players and a grand slam winner in doubles, and Savannah Guthrie, a co-anchor for NBC's Today show. Gates and Federer recorded their second match victory together by a score of 6–3 and the event raised over $2.5 million.[181]

Books

Gates has written four books:

  • The Road Ahead, written with Microsoft executive Nathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson, was published in November 1995. It summarized the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global information superhighway.
  • Business @ the Speed of Thought was published in 1999, and discusses how business and technology are integrated, and shows how digital infrastructures and information networks can help to get an edge on the competition.
  • How to Avoid a Climate Disaster (February 2021) presents what Gates learned in over a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address climate problems.[182]
  • How to Prevent the Next Pandemic (April 2022) details the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes a "Global Epidemic Response and Mobilization" (GERM) team with annual funding of $1 billion,[183] under the auspices of the WHO.[184]

Personal life

Gates is an avid reader,[185] and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby.[186] He also enjoys bridge, tennis and golf.[187][188] His days are planned for him on a minute-by-minute basis, similarly to the U.S. president's schedule.[189] Despite his wealth and extensive business travel, Gates flew coach (economy class) in commercial aircraft until 1997, when he bought a private jet.[190]

Gates purchased the Codex Leicester, a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci, for US$30.8 million at an auction in 1994.[191] In 1998, he reportedly paid $30 million for the original 1885 maritime painting Lost on the Grand Banks, at the time a record price for an American painting.[192]

In 2016, he revealed that he was color-blind.[193]

On May 10, 2022, Gates said that he tested positive for COVID-19 and was experiencing mild symptoms.[194] Gates has received three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.[194]

Marriage and divorce

 
Gates and Melinda, 2009

Gates married Melinda French on the Hawaiian Island of Lanai on January 1, 1994.[195] They met in 1987 after Melinda began working at Microsoft.[196] At the time of their marriage, Gates was given permission by Melinda to spend limited time with his ex-girlfriend, businesswoman Ann Winblad.[197] Bill and Melinda have three children: Jennifer, Rory and Phoebe.[198] The family's residence is an earth-sheltered mansion in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. In 2009, property taxes on the mansion were reported to be US$1.063 million, on a total assessed value of US$147.5 million.[199] The 66,000-square-foot (6,100 m2) estate has a 60-foot (18 m) swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well as a 2,500-square-foot (230 m2) gym and a 1,000-square-foot (93 m2) dining room.[200] On May 3, 2021, the Gateses announced they had decided to divorce after 27 years of marriage and 34 years as a couple.[201] They said they would keep working together on charitable efforts.[201][202] The Wall Street Journal reported that Melinda had been meeting with divorce attorneys since 2019, citing interviews that suggested Bill's ties with Jeffrey Epstein was at least one of her concerns.[203] The divorce was finalized on August 2, 2021.[204]

Public image

 
Gates meets with U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis, February 2017

Gates's public image has changed over the years. At first he was perceived as a brilliant but ruthless "robber baron", a "nerd-turned-tycoon".[205] Starting in 2000 with the foundation of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and particularly after he stepped down as head of Microsoft, he turned his attention to philanthropy, spending more than $50 billion on causes like health, poverty, and education. His image morphed from "tyrannical technocrat to saintly savior" to a "huggable billionaire techno-philanthropist", celebrated on magazine covers and sought after for his opinions on major issues like global health and climate change.[205] Still another shift in public opinion came in 2021 with the announcement that he and Melinda were divorcing. Coverage of that proceeding brought out information about romantic pursuits of women who worked for him, a long-term extra-marital affair, and a friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.[206] This information and his response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some deterioration of his public image, going from "a lovable nerd who was out to save the world" to "a tech supervillain who wants to protect profits over public health."[207]

Investigative journalist Tim Schwab has accused Gates of using his contributions to the media to shape their coverage of him in order to protect his public image.[91][208] In September 2022, Politico published an expose' critical of NGO leadership at the helm of the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic response, written in cooperation with the German newspaper Welt. Criticisms included the interconnectivity of the non-profits with Gates, as well as his personal lack of formal credentials in medicine.[209]

Gates and the projects of his foundation have been the subject of many conspiracy theories that proliferate on Facebook and elsewhere. He has been implausibly accused of attempting to depopulate the world, distributing harmful or unethical vaccines, and implanting people with privacy-violating microchips. These largely unfounded theories reached a new level of influence during the COVID-19 pandemic when, according to New York Times journalist Rory Smith, the uncertainties of pandemic life drove people to seek explanations from the internet.[210][211] When asked about the theories, Gates has remarked that some people are tempted by the "simple explanation" that an evil person rather than biological factors are to blame, and that he does not know for what purpose anyone believes he would want to track them with microchips.[212][213]

Religion

In an interview with Rolling Stone, Gates said in regard to his faith: "The moral systems of religion, I think, are super important. We've raised our kids in a religious way; they've gone to the Catholic church that Melinda goes to and I participate in. I've been very lucky, and therefore I owe it to try and reduce the inequity in the world. And that's kind of a religious belief. I mean, it's at least a moral belief."[214] In the same 2014 interview he also said: "I agree with people like Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for creation myths. Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that, we sought false explanations for them. Now science has filled in some of the realm – not all – that religion used to fill. But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing, and there's no scientific explanation of how it came about. To say that it was generated by random numbers, that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view [laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it, I don't know."[214]

Wealth tallies

In 1999, his wealth briefly surpassed US$100 billion making him the first person ever to achieve the feat.[215][190] Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In May 2006, Gates remarked that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought.[216] In March 2010, Gates was the second wealthiest person after Carlos Slim, but regained the top position in 2013, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires List.[217][218] Slim retook the position again in June 2014[219][220] (but then lost the top position back to Gates). Between 2009 and 2014, his wealth doubled from US$40 billion to more than US$82 billion.[221] In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world.[16] On November 15, 2019, he once again became the richest person in the world after a 48% increase in Microsoft shares, surpassing Bezos.[222] Gates told the BBC, "I've paid more tax than any individual ever, and gladly so ... I've paid over $6 billion in taxes."[223] He is a proponent of higher taxes, particularly for the rich.[224]

By 2017, Gates had held the top spot on the list of The World's Billionaires for 18 out of the previous 23 years.[225] Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of US$616,667 and US$350,000 bonus totalling US$966,667.[226] In 1989, he founded Corbis, a digital imaging company. In 2004, he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time friend Warren Buffett.[227]

In 1987, Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes magazine's 400 Richest People in America issue, worth $1.25 billion at the time, and was the world's youngest self-made billionaire.[14] Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes The World's Billionaires list and was the wealthiest person from 1995 to 1996,[228] 1998 to 2007, 2009, and held the spot until 2018 before being overtaken by Jeff Bezos.[15] Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993 through to 2007, 2009, and 2014 through 2017.[229][230]

Controversies

Antitrust litigation

Further information: United States Microsoft antitrust case and European Union Microsoft competition case
 
Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998

Gates approved of many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft's business practices. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words such as "compete", "concerned", and "we". Later in the year, when portions of the videotaped deposition were played back in court, the judge was seen laughing and shaking his head.[231] BusinessWeek reported:

Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying "I don't recall" so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and received.[232]

Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. "Did I fence with Boies? ... I plead guilty ... rudeness to Boies in the first degree."[233] Despite Gates's denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization, tying and blocking competition, each in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.[233]

Treatment of colleagues and employees

Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy from the company's founding from 1975 until 2006. He gained a reputation for being distant from others; an industry executive complained in 1981 that "Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls."[234] An Atari executive recalled that he showed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times. When they met again a month later, Gates "won or tied every game. He had studied the game until he solved it. That is a competitor".[235]

In the early 1980s, while business partner Paul Allen was undergoing treatments for cancer, Gates — according to Allen — conspired to reduce Allen's share in Microsoft by issuing himself stock options.[236][237][238] In his autobiography, Allen would later recall that Gates was "scheming to rip me off. It was mercenary opportunism plain and simple".[236] Gates says he remembers the episode differently.[237] Allen would also recall that Gates was prone to shouting episodes.[238]

Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers, and the managers described him as being verbally combative. He also berated them for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's long-term interests at risk.[239][240] Gates saw competition in personal terms; when Borland's Turbo Pascal performed better than Microsoft's own tools, he yelled at programming director Greg Whitten "for half an hour" because, Gates believed, Borland's Philippe Kahn had surpassed Gates.[241] Gates interrupted presentations with such comments as "that's the stupidest thing I've ever heard"[242] and "why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"[243] The target of his outburst would then have to defend the proposal in detail until Gates was fully convinced.[242] Not all harsh language was criticism; a manager recalled that "You’re full of shit. That’s the stupidest fucking thing I’ve ever heard" meant that Gates was amazed. "In the lore of Microsoft, if Bill says that to you, you’re made".[244] When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over the weekend".[245][74][246] Gates has been accused of bullying Microsoft employees.[247]

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

A 2019 New York Times article reported that Gates's relationship with financier Jeffrey Epstein started in 2011, just a few years after Epstein's conviction for procuring a child for prostitution, and continued for some years, including a visit to Epstein's house with Melinda in the fall of 2013, despite her declared discomfort.[248] Gates said in 2011 about Epstein: "His lifestyle is very different and kind of intriguing although it would not work for me".[206]

The depth of the friendship between Gates and Epstein is unclear. Gates generally commented about his relationship with Epstein that "I met him. I didn't have any business relationship or friendship with him".[249] However, Gates visited Epstein "many times, despite [Epstein's] past".[248]

It was reported that Epstein and Gates "discussed the Gates Foundation and philanthropy".[248] However, in an interview in 2019 Gates completely denied any connection between Epstein and the Gates Foundation or his philanthropy generally.[249] In August 2021, Gates said the reason he had meetings with Epstein was because Gates hoped Epstein could provide money for philanthropic work, though nothing came of the idea. Gates added, "It was a huge mistake to spend time with him, to give him the credibility of being there."[247]

It has also been reported that Epstein and Gates met with Nobel Committee chair Thorbjørn Jagland at his residence in Strasbourg, France in March 2013 to discuss the Nobel Prize.[250] Also in attendance were representatives of the International Peace Institute which has received millions in grants from the Gates Foundation, including a $2.5 million "community engagement" grant in October 2013.[251]

Recognition

Bill and Melinda Gates being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016

Depiction in media

Documentary films about Gates

External video
  The Machine That Changed The World; Interview with Bill Gates, 1990 (raw video), 44:03, Open Vault WGBH[283]

Feature films

Video and film clips

 
Steve Jobs and Gates at D: All Things Digital in 2007

Radio

Gates was the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on January 31, 2016, in which he talked about his relationships with his father and Steve Jobs, meeting Melinda Ann French, the start of Microsoft and some of his habits (for example reading The Economist "from cover to cover every week"). His choice of things to take on a desert island were, for music: "Blue Skies" by Willie Nelson; a book: The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker; and luxury item: a DVD Collection of Lectures from The Teaching Company.[293]

Television

Gates made a guest appearance as himself on the TV show The Big Bang Theory. The episode on which he appeared was appropriately titled "The Gates Excitation".[294] He also appeared in a cameo role in 2019 on the series finale of Silicon Valley.[295] Gates was parodied in The Simpsons episode "Das Bus".

In 2023, Gates was the interviewee in an episode of the Amol Rajan Interviews series on BBC Two,[296] and was the subject of an episode of the The Billionaires Who Made Our World UK Channel 4 series.[297]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 4 filings.[6][7]
  2. ^ His father was named William H. Gates II, but he is now generally known as William H. Gates, Senior to avoid confusion with his son.

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Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Gates, Bill. "An exclusive interview with Bill Gates". Financial Times 1 (2013).
  • Gates, Bill. "Remarks of Bill Gates, Harvard Commencement 2007". The Harvard Gazette 7 (2007).
  • Kinsley, Michael, and Conor Clarke, Eds. Creative Capitalism: A Conversation With Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, and Other Economic Leaders (Simon and Schuster, 2009).

Further reading

  • Leibovich, Mark. The New Imperialists (Prentice Hall, 2002) pp 139–182. online
  • Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows: How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft. New York City: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.
  • Rivlin, Gary (1999). The Plot to Get Bill Gates: An Irreverent Investigation of the World's Richest Man... and the People Who Hate Him. New York City: Times Business. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.
  • . Wired. Vol. 6, no. 12. December 1998. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.
  • Kildall, Gary (October 25, 2004). . Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on April 4, 2006. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  • "The Meaning of Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he dominated", The Economist, June 28, 2008.
  • Wallace, James. Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997).

External links

  • Official website
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  • Official YouTube channel
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Bill Gates at IMDb
  • Bill Gates at TED  
  • Forbes profile

March 19, 2023
bill, gates, this, article, about, founder, microsoft, other, people, same, name, disambiguation, william, henry, gates, born, october, 1955, american, business, magnate, investor, philanthropist, writer, founder, microsoft, along, with, late, childhood, frien. This article is about the co founder of Microsoft For other people of the same name see Bill Gates disambiguation William Henry Gates III born October 28 1955 is an American business magnate investor philanthropist and writer He is a co founder of Microsoft along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen 2 3 During his career at Microsoft Gates held the positions of chairman chief executive officer CEO president and chief software architect while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 4 He was a major entrepreneur of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s Bill GatesGates in 2018BornWilliam Henry Gates III 1955 10 28 October 28 1955 age 67 Seattle Washington U S EducationHarvard University dropped out OccupationsBusinessmaninvestorphilanthropistYears active1972 presentKnown forCo founder of Microsoft and Bill amp Melinda Gates FoundationTitleCo chair of the Bill amp Melinda Gates FoundationChairman and founder of Branded Entertainment NetworkChairman and founder of Cascade InvestmentChairman and co founder of TerraPowerFounder of Breakthrough EnergyFounder of Gates VenturesTechnology advisor of Microsoft 1 Board member ofBerkshire HathawayMicrosoft former both SpouseMelinda French m 1994 div 2021 wbr Children3ParentsBill Gates Sr father Mary Maxwell mother AwardsKnight Commander of the Order of the British Empire 2005 Padma Bhushan 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom 2016 Hilal e Pakistan 2022 Websitewww wbr gatesnotes wbr comSignatureGates was born and raised in Seattle In 1975 he and Allen founded Microsoft in Albuquerque New Mexico It became the world s largest personal computer software company 5 a Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000 succeeded by Steve Ballmer but he remained chairman of the board of directors and became chief software architect 8 During the late 1990s he was criticized for his business tactics which have been considered anti competitive This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings 9 In June 2008 Gates transitioned to a part time role at Microsoft and full time work at the Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation the private charitable foundation he and his then wife Melinda established in 2000 10 He stepped down as chairman of the board of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella 11 In March 2020 Gates left his board positions at Microsoft and Berkshire Hathaway to focus on his philanthropic efforts on climate change global health and development and education 12 Since 1987 Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world s wealthiest people 13 14 From 1995 to 2017 he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world every year except from 2010 to 2013 15 In October 2017 he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos who had an estimated net worth of US 90 6 billion compared to Gates s net worth of US 89 9 billion at the time 16 As of February 2023 Gates has an estimated net worth of US 113 billion making him the fourth richest person in the world 17 Later in his career and since leaving day to day operations at Microsoft in 2008 Gates has pursued many business and philanthropic endeavors He is the founder and chairman of several companies including BEN Cascade Investment TerraPower bgC3 and Breakthrough Energy He has given sizable amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation reported to be the world s largest private charity 18 Through the foundation he led an early 21st century vaccination campaign that significantly contributed to the eradication of the wild poliovirus in Africa 19 20 In 2010 Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy 21 Contents 1 Early life 2 Microsoft 2 1 BASIC 2 2 IBM partnership 2 3 Windows 2 4 Management style 2 5 Post Microsoft 3 Business ventures and investments partial list 4 Climate change and energy 5 Political positions 5 1 Regulation of the software industry 5 2 Donald Trump Facebook ban 5 3 Patents for COVID 19 vaccines 5 4 Cryptocurrencies 6 Philanthropy 6 1 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 6 2 Personal donations 6 3 Charity sports events 7 Books 8 Personal life 8 1 Marriage and divorce 8 2 Public image 8 3 Religion 8 4 Wealth tallies 9 Controversies 9 1 Antitrust litigation 9 2 Treatment of colleagues and employees 9 3 Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein 10 Recognition 11 Depiction in media 11 1 Documentary films about Gates 11 2 Feature films 11 3 Video and film clips 11 4 Radio 11 5 Television 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 14 1 Bibliography 14 2 Primary sources 15 Further reading 16 External linksEarly lifeBill Gates was born in Seattle Washington on October 28 1955 3 He is the son of William H Gates Sr b 1925 2020 and Mary Maxwell Gates 1929 1994 22 His ancestry includes English German and Irish Scots Irish 23 His father was a prominent lawyer and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America Gates s maternal grandfather was J W Maxwell a national bank president Gates has an older sister Kristi Kristianne and a younger sister Libby He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or Trey i e three because his father had the II suffix 24 25 The family lived in the Sand Point area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare tornado when Gates was seven years old 26 Early in his life Gates observed that his parents wanted him to pursue a law career 27 When he was young his family regularly attended a church of the Congregational Christian Churches a Protestant Reformed denomination 28 29 30 Gates was small for his age and was bullied as a child 25 The family encouraged competition one visitor reported that it didn t matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swimming to the dock there was always a reward for winning and there was always a penalty for losing 31 Gates right with Paul Allen seated at Teletype Model 33 ASR terminals in Lakeside School 1970 At 13 he enrolled in the private Lakeside prep school 32 33 where he wrote his first software program 34 When he was in the eighth grade the Mothers Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School s rummage sale to buy a Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric GE computer for the students 35 Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and he was excused from math classes to pursue his interest He wrote his first computer program on this machine an implementation of tic tac toe that allowed users to play games against the computer Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly 36 After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted Gates and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers One of these systems was a PDP 10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation CCC which banned Gates Paul Allen Ric Weiland and Gates s best friend and first business partner Kent Evans for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time 37 25 The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers Club to make money 25 At the end of the ban they offered to find bugs in CCC s software in exchange for extra computer time Rather than using the system remotely via Teletype Gates went to CCC s offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system including Fortran Lisp and machine language The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970 when the company went out of business The following year a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates and Evans to automate the school s class scheduling system providing them computer time and royalties in return The duo worked diligently in order to have the program ready for their senior year Towards the end of their junior year Evans was killed in a mountain climbing accident which Gates has described as one of the saddest days of his life Gates then turned to Allen who helped him finish the system for Lakeside 25 At 17 Gates formed a venture with Allen called Traf O Data to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor 38 In 1972 he served as a congressional page in the House of Representatives 39 40 He was a National Merit Scholar when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973 41 He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests SAT and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973 42 43 He chose a pre law major but took mathematics including Math 55 and graduate level computer science courses 44 While at Harvard he met fellow student Steve Ballmer Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated magna cum laude Years later Ballmer succeeded Gates as Microsoft s CEO and maintained that position from 2000 until his resignation in 2014 45 46 Gates devised an algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved problems 47 presented in a combinatorics class by professor Harry Lewis His solution held the record as the fastest version for over 30 years and its successor is faster by only 2 47 48 His solution was formalized and published in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou 49 Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen and joined him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974 50 In 1975 the MITS Altair 8800 was released based on the Intel 8080 CPU and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company 51 Gates dropped out of Harvard that same year His parents were supportive of him after seeing how much he wanted to start his own company 52 He explained his decision to leave Harvard if things hadn t worked out I could always go back to school I was officially on leave 53 MicrosoftMain articles History of Microsoft and Microsoft History BASIC MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8 inch 200 mm floppy disk system whose first programming language was Microsoft s founding product Altair BASIC Gates read the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics which demonstrated the Altair 8800 and he contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems MITS to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform 54 In reality Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it they merely wanted to gauge MITS s interest MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demonstration and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer and then the BASIC interpreter The demonstration was held at MITS s offices in Albuquerque New Mexico it was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC MITS hired Allen 55 and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with him at MITS in November 1975 Allen named their partnership Micro Soft a combination of microcomputer and software and their first office was in Albuquerque The first employee Gates and Allen hired was their high school collaborator Ric Weiland 55 They dropped the hyphen within a year and officially registered the trade name Microsoft with the Secretary of the State of New Mexico on November 26 1976 55 Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies Microsoft s Altair BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists but Gates discovered that a pre market copy had leaked out and was being widely copied and distributed In February 1976 he wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter in which he asserted that more than 90 of the users of Microsoft Altair BASIC had not paid Microsoft for it and the Altair hobby market was in danger of eliminating the incentive for any professional developers to produce distribute and maintain high quality software 56 This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976 and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems 55 The company moved from Albuquerque to Bellevue Washington on January 1 1979 54 Gates said he personally reviewed and often rewrote every line of code that the company produced in its first five years As the company grew he transitioned into a manager role then an executive 57 DONKEY BAS is a computer game written in 1981 and included with early versions of the PC DOS operating system distributed with the original IBM PC It is a driving game in which the player must avoid hitting donkeys The game was written by Gates and Neil Konzen 58 59 IBM partnership IBM the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer the IBM PC 60 after Bill Gates s mother Mary Maxwell Gates mentioned Microsoft to John Opel IBM s CEO 61 IBM first proposed that Microsoft write the BASIC interpreter IBM s representatives also mentioned that they needed an operating system and Gates referred them to Digital Research DRI makers of the widely used CP M operating system 62 IBM s discussions with Digital Research went poorly however and they did not reach a licensing agreement IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and asked if Microsoft could provide an operating system A few weeks later Gates and Allen proposed using 86 DOS an operating system similar to CP M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products SCP had made for hardware similar to the PC 63 Microsoft made a deal with SCP to be the exclusive licensing agent of 86 DOS and later the full owner Microsoft employed Paterson to adapt the operating system for the PC 64 and delivered it to IBM as PC DOS for a one time fee of 50 000 65 The contract itself only earned Microsoft a relatively small fee It was the prestige brought to Microsoft by IBM s adoption of their operating system that would be the origin of Microsoft s transformation from a small business to the leading software company in the world Gates had not offered to transfer the copyright on the operating system to IBM because he believed that other personal computer makers would clone IBM s PC hardware 65 They did making the IBM compatible PC running DOS a de facto standard The sales of MS DOS the version of DOS sold to customers other than IBM made Microsoft a major player in the industry 66 The press quickly identified Microsoft as being very influential on the IBM PC PC Magazine asked if Gates was the man behind the machine 60 Gates oversaw Microsoft s company restructuring on June 25 1981 which re incorporated the company in Washington state and made Gates the president and chairman of the board with Paul Allen as vice president and vice chairman In early 1983 Allen left the company after receiving a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis effectively ending the formal business partnership between Gates and Allen which had been strained months prior due to a contentious dispute over Microsoft equity 54 67 Later in the decade Gates repaired his relationship with Allen and together the two donated millions to their childhood school Lakeside 25 They remained friends until Allen s death in October 2018 68 Windows Microsoft and Gates launched their first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20 1985 in an attempt to fend off competition from Apple s Macintosh GUI which had captivated consumers with its simplicity and ease of use 69 In August of the following year the company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS 2 Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system the partnership deteriorated due to mounting creative differences 70 The operating system grew out of DOS in an organic fashion over a decade until Windows 95 which hid the DOS prompt by default Windows XP released one year after Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO was the first to not be based on DOS 71 Windows 8 1 was the last version of the OS released before Gates left the chair of the firm to John W Thompson on February 5 2014 72 Management style Gates delivers a speech at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland January 2008 During Microsoft s early years Gates was an active software developer particularly in the company s programming language products but his primary role in most of the company s history was as a manager and executive He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS 80 Model 100 73 but he wrote code that shipped with the company s products as late as 1989 74 Jerry Pournelle wrote in 1985 when Gates announced Microsoft Excel Bill Gates likes the program not because it s going to make him a lot of money although I m sure it will do that but because it s a neat hack 75 On June 15 2006 Gates announced that he would transition out of his role at Microsoft to dedicate more time to philanthropy He gradually divided his responsibilities between two successors when he placed Ray Ozzie in charge of management and Craig Mundie in charge of long term product strategy 76 The process took two years to fully transfer his duties to Ozzie and Mundie and was completed on June 27 2008 77 Post Microsoft Since leaving day to day operations at Microsoft Gates has continued his philanthropy and works on other projects According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index Gates was the world s highest earning billionaire in 2013 as his net worth increased by US 15 8 billion to US 78 5 billion As of January 2014 update most of Gates s assets are held in Cascade Investment LLC an entity through which he owns stakes in numerous businesses including Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts and Corbis Corp 78 On February 4 2014 Gates stepped down as chairman of Microsoft to become technology advisor at the firm alongside CEO Satya Nadella 11 79 Gates provided his perspective on a range of issues in a substantial interview that was published in the March 27 2014 issue of Rolling Stone magazine In the interview Gates provided his perspective on climate change his charitable activities various tech companies and people involved in them and the state of America In response to a question about his greatest fear when he looks 50 years into the future Gates stated there ll be some really bad things that ll happen in the next 50 or 100 years but hopefully none of them on the scale of say a million people that you didn t expect to die from a pandemic or nuclear or bioterrorism Gates also identified innovation as the real driver of progress and pronounced that America s way better today than it s ever been 80 Gates has expressed concern about the potential harms of superintelligence in a Reddit ask me anything he stated that First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent That should be positive if we manage it well A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern I agree with Elon Musk and some others on this and don t understand why some people are not concerned 81 82 83 84 In an interview that was held at the TED conference in March 2015 with Baidu s CEO Robin Li Gates said he would highly recommend Nick Bostrom s recent work Superintelligence Paths Dangers Strategies 85 During the conference Gates warned that the world was not prepared for the next pandemic a situation that would come to pass in late 2019 when the COVID 19 pandemic began 86 In March 2018 Gates met at his home in Seattle with Mohammed bin Salman the reformist crown prince and de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia to discuss investment opportunities for Saudi Vision 2030 87 88 In June 2019 Gates admitted that losing the mobile operating system race to Android was his biggest mistake He stated that it was within their skill set of being the dominant player but partially blames the antitrust litigation during the time 89 That same year Gates became an advisory board member of the Bloomberg New Economy Forum 90 On March 13 2020 Microsoft announced Gates would be leaving his board positions at Berkshire Hathaway and Microsoft to dedicate his efforts in philanthropic endeavors such as climate change global health and development and education 12 During the COVID 19 pandemic Gates has widely been looked at by media outlets as an expert on the issue despite him not being a public official or having any prior medical training 91 His foundation did however establish the COVID 19 Therapeutics Accelerator in 2020 to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for COVID 19 92 and as of February 2021 Gates expressed that he and Anthony Fauci frequently talk and collaborate on matters including vaccines and other medical innovations to fight the pandemic 93 Business ventures and investments partial list Gates has a multi billion dollar investment portfolio with stake in various sectors 94 and has participated in several entrepreneurial ventures beyond Microsoft including AutoNation automotive retailer that Gates has a 16 stake in trading on the NYSE 95 bgC3 LLC a think tank and research company founded by Gates 96 Canadian National Railway CN a Canadian Class I freight railway As of 2019 Gates is the largest single shareholder of CN stock 97 Cascade Investment LLC a private investment and holding company incorporated in the United States founded and controlled by Gates and headquartered in Kirkland Washington 98 Gates is the top private owner of farmland in the United States with landholdings owned via Cascade Investment totalling 242 000 acres across 19 states 99 100 He is the 49th largest private owner of land in the US 101 Carbon Engineering a for profit venture founded by David Keith which Gates helped fund 102 103 104 It is also supported by Chevron Corporation and Occidental Petroleum 105 SCoPEx Keith s academic venture in sun dimming geoengineering which Gates provided most of the 12 million for 106 Corbis originally named Interactive Home Systems and now known as Branded Entertainment Network a digital image licensing and rights services company founded and chaired by Gates 107 EarthNow Seattle based startup company aiming to blanket the Earth with live satellite video coverage Gates is a large financial backer 108 Eclipse Aviation a defunct manufacturer of very light jets Gates was a major stake holder early on in the project 109 Impossible Foods a company that develops plant based substitutes for meat products Some of the 396 million Patrick O Brown collected for his business came from Gates around 2014 to 2017 110 111 112 Ecolab global provider of water hygiene and energy technologies and services to the food energy healthcare industrial and hospitality markets Combined with the shares owned by the Foundation Gates owns 11 6 of the company A shareholder agreement in 2012 allowed him to own up to 25 of the company but this agreement was removed 113 ResearchGate a social networking site for scientists Gates participated in a 35 million round of financing along with other investors 114 TerraPower a nuclear reactor design company co founded and chaired by Gates which is developing next generation traveling wave reactor nuclear power plants in an effort to tackle climate change 115 116 117 118 119 Breakthrough Energy Ventures a closed fund for wealthy individuals who seek ROI on a 20 year horizon see next section which is funding green start ups and a host of other low carbon entrepreneurial projects including everything from advanced nuclear technology to synthetic breast milk It was founded by Gates in 2015 120 Ginkgo Bioworks a biotech startup that received 350 million in venture funding in 2019 in part from Gates s investment firm Cascade Investment 121 Luminous Computing a company that develops neuromorphic photonic integrated circuits for AI acceleration Mologic British diagnostic technology company that Gates purchased along with the Soros Economic Development Fund which has developed 10 minute Covid lateral flow tests that it aims to make for as little as 1 122 Climate change and energy Gates and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow in November 2021 Gates considers climate change and global access to energy to be critical interrelated issues He has urged governments and the private sector to invest in research and development to make clean reliable energy cheaper Gates envisions that a breakthrough innovation in sustainable energy technology could drive down both greenhouse gas emissions and poverty and bring economic benefits by stabilizing energy prices 123 In 2011 he said If you gave me the choice between picking the next 10 presidents or ensuring that energy is environmentally friendly and a quarter as costly I d pick the energy thing 124 In 2015 he wrote about the challenge of transitioning the world s energy system from one based primarily on fossil fuels to one based on sustainable energy sources Global energy transitions have historically taken decades He wrote I believe we can make this transition faster both because the pace of innovation is accelerating and because we have never had such an urgent reason to move from one source of energy to another 125 This rapid transition according to Gates would depend on increased government funding for basic research and financially risky private sector investment to enable innovation in diverse areas such as nuclear energy grid energy storage to facilitate greater use of solar and wind energy and solar fuels 126 The European Commission European Investment Bank and Gates Breakthrough Energy Catalyst agreed at the 2021 UN Climate Change conference to work together to bring green technologies to market Gates spearheaded two initiatives that he announced at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris One was Mission Innovation in which 20 national governments pledged to double their spending on research and development for carbon free energy in over five years time 123 Another initiative was Breakthrough Energy a group of investors who agreed to fund high risk startups in clean energy technologies Gates who had already invested 1 billion of his own money in innovative energy startups committed a further 1 billion to Breakthrough Energy 126 In December 2020 he called for the U S federal government to create institutes for clean energy research analogous to the National Institutes of Health 127 Gates has also urged rich nations to shift to 100 synthetic beef industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production 128 Gates has been criticised for holding a large stake in Signature Aviation a company that services emissions intensive private jets 129 In 2019 he began to divest from fossil fuels He does not expect divestment itself to have much practical impact but says that if his efforts to provide alternatives were to fail he would not want to personally benefit from an increase in fossil fuel stock prices 130 After he published his book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster parts of the climate activist community criticized Gate s approach as technological solutionism 131 In June 2021 Gates s company TerraPower and Warren Buffett s PacifiCorp announced the first sodium nuclear reactor in Wyoming Wyoming Governor Mike Gordon hailed the project as a step toward carbon negative nuclear power Wyoming Senator John Barrasso also said that it could boost the state s once active uranium mining industry 132 Gates spent many efforts to make pass the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 because of his importance to climate He tried to convince Joe Manchin to support a climate bill from the year 2019 and especially in the months before the adoption of the bill The bill should cut the global greenhouse gas emissions in a level similar to eliminating the annual planet warming pollution of France and Germany combined and may help to limit the warming of the planet to 1 5 degrees the target of the Paris Agreement 133 He thanked both Joe Manchin and Chuck Schumer for their efforts in a guest essay in The New York Times where he said Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may be the single most important piece of climate legislation in American history given its potential to spur development of new technologies 134 Political positionsRegulation of the software industry See also Bill Gates Antitrust litigation and United States v Microsoft Corp In 1998 Gates rejected the need for regulation of the software industry in testimony before the United States Senate 135 During the Federal Trade Commission s FTC investigation of Microsoft in the 1990s Gates was reportedly upset at Commissioner Dennis Yao for float ing a line of hypothetical questions suggesting possible curbs on Microsoft s growing monopoly power According to one source Gates was vexed He started by calling Yao s ideas socialistic recalls a source familiar with the July 15 meeting and as he got angrier and angrier and louder and louder he got into calling them Communistic 136 Donald Trump Facebook ban On February 18 2021 after Facebook and Twitter had banned Donald Trump from their platforms as a result of the 2020 United States presidential election which led to the January 6 United States Capitol attack Gates said a permanent ban of Trump would be a shame and would be an extreme measure He warned that it would cause polarization if users with different political views divide up among various social networks and said I don t think banning somebody who actually did get a fair number of votes in the presidential election well less than a majority but I don t think having him off forever would be that good 135 Patents for COVID 19 vaccines Main article Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention Containment and Treatment of COVID 19 In April 2021 during the COVID 19 pandemic Gates was criticized for suggesting that pharmaceutical companies should hold onto patents for COVID 19 vaccines The criticism came due to the possibility of this preventing poorer nations from obtaining adequate vaccines Tara Van Ho of the University of Essex stated Gates speaks as if all the lives being lost in India are inevitable but eventually the West will help when in reality the US amp UK are holding their feet on the neck of developing states by refusing to break intellectual property rights protections It s disgusting 137 Gates is opposed to the TRIPS waiver 138 139 140 Bloomberg News reported him as saying he argued that Oxford University should not give away the rights to its COVID 19 information as it had announced but instead sell it to a single industry partner as it did 141 His views on the value of legal monopolies in medicine have been linked to his views on legal monopolies in software 139 140 Cryptocurrencies Gates is critical of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin According to Gates cryptocurrencies provide no valuable output contribute nothing to society and pose a danger especially for smaller investors who couldn t survive the potentially high losses Gates also doesn t own any cryptocurrencies himself 142 PhilanthropyBill and Melinda Gates Foundation Main article Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation Gates with Bono Queen Rania of Jordan former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown President Umaru Yar Adua of Nigeria and others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the William H Gates Foundation In 2000 Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at 5 billion to create the charitable Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013 as the world s wealthiest charitable foundation with assets reportedly valued at more than 34 6 billion 143 144 The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust 145 146 Gates through his foundation also donated 20 million to Carnegie Mellon University for a new building to be named Gates Center for Computer Science which opened in 2009 147 148 Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller as a major influence Gates and his father met with Rockefeller several times and their charity work is partly modeled on the Rockefeller family s philanthropic focus whereby they are interested in tackling the global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations 149 As of 2007 update Bill and Melinda Gates were the second most generous philanthropists in America having given over 28 billion to charity 150 the couple plan to eventually donate 95 of their wealth to charity 151 The foundation is organized into five program areas Global Development Division Global Health Division United States Division and Global Policy amp Advocacy Division Among others it supports a wide range of public health projects granting aid to fight transmissible diseases such AIDS tuberculosis and malaria as well as widespread vaccine programs to eradicate polio It grants funds to learning institutes and libraries and supports scholarships at universities The foundation established a water sanitation and hygiene program to provide sustainable sanitation services in poor countries 152 Its agriculture division supports the International Rice Research Institute in developing Golden Rice a genetically modified rice variant used to combat vitamin A deficiency 153 The goal of the foundation is to provide 120 million women and girls in the poorest countries with high quality contraceptive information and services with the longer term goal of universal access to voluntary family planning 154 In 2007 the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to developing countries 155 Although the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess social responsibility 156 it was subsequently canceled and upheld its policy of investing for maximum return while using voting rights to influence company practices 157 Gates in a fireside chat moderated by Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival 2020 Gates delivered his thoughts in a fireside chat moderated by journalist and news anchor Shereen Bhan virtually at the Singapore FinTech Festival on December 8 2020 on the topic Building Infrastructure for Resilience What the COVID 19 Response Can Teach Us About How to Scale Financial Inclusion 158 Governments are there to think ahead to bad things that might happen In the case of the Covid 19 pandemic not enough was done We can t forget that another pandemic will come and we ll need to invest in being ready in that while not forgetting that we were not prepared and we re going to have to invest just like having a fire department some money in an intelligent way and actually simulate what might happen and make sure that we re ready for it 158 Gates favours the normalization of COVID 19 masks In a November 2020 interview he said What are these like nudists I mean you know we ask you to wear pants and no American says or very few Americans say that that s like some terrible thing 159 Personal donations Melinda Gates suggested that people should emulate the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family who sold their home and gave away half of its value as detailed in their book The Power of Half 160 Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done and on December 9 2010 Bill and Melinda Gates and investor Warren Buffett each signed a commitment they called the Giving Pledge which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth over the course of time to charity 161 162 163 Gates has also provided personal donations to educational institutions In 1999 Gates donated 20 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the construction of a computer laboratory named the William H Gates Building that was designed by architect Frank Gehry While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution this was the first personal donation received from Gates 164 The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the Harvard John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences is named after the mothers of both Gates and Microsoft President Steven A Ballmer both of whom were students Ballmer was a member of the school s graduating class of 1977 while Gates left his studies for Microsoft and donated funds for the laboratory s construction 165 Gates also donated 6 million to the construction of the Gates Computer Science Building completed in January 1996 on the campus of Stanford University The building contains the Computer Science Department and the Computer Systems Laboratory CSL of Stanford s Engineering department 166 Since 2005 Gates and his foundation have taken an interest in solving global sanitation problems For example they announced the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge which has received considerable media interest 167 To raise awareness for the topic of sanitation and possible solutions Gates drank water that was produced from human feces in 2014 it was produced from a sewage sludge treatment process called the Omni Processor 168 169 In early 2015 he also appeared with Jimmy Fallon on The Tonight Show and challenged him to see if he could taste the difference between this reclaimed water or bottled water 170 In November 2017 Gates said he would give 50 million to the Dementia Discovery Fund a venture capital fund that seeks treatment for Alzheimer s disease He also pledged an additional 50 million to start up ventures working in Alzheimer s research 171 Bill and Melinda Gates have said that they intend to leave their three children 10 million each as their inheritance With only 30 million kept in the family they are expected to give away about 99 96 of their wealth 172 On August 25 2018 Gates distributed 600 000 through his foundation via UNICEF which is helping flood affected victims in Kerala India 173 In June 2018 Bill Gates offered free ebooks to all new graduates of U S colleges and universities 174 and in 2021 offered free ebooks to all college and university students around the world 175 176 The Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation partially funds OpenStax which creates and provides free digital textbooks 177 In July 2022 he reiterated the commitment he had made by starting The Giving Pledge campaign by anouncing on his Twitter channel he planned to give virtually all his wealth to charity and eventually move off of the list of the world s richest people 178 Charity sports events On April 29 2017 Gates partnered with Swiss tennis legend Roger Federer in playing in the Match for Africa 4 a noncompetitive tennis match at a sold out Key Arena in Seattle The event was in support of the Roger Federer Foundation s charity efforts in Africa 179 Federer and Gates played against John Isner the top ranked American player for much of this decade and Mike McCready the lead guitarist for Pearl Jam The pair won the match 6 games to 4 Overall they raised 2 million for children in Africa 180 The following year Gates and Federer returned to play in the Match for Africa 5 on March 5 2018 at San Jose s SAP Center Their opponents were Jack Sock one of the top American players and a grand slam winner in doubles and Savannah Guthrie a co anchor for NBC s Today show Gates and Federer recorded their second match victory together by a score of 6 3 and the event raised over 2 5 million 181 BooksGates has written four books The Road Ahead written with Microsoft executive Nathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson was published in November 1995 It summarized the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global information superhighway Business the Speed of Thought was published in 1999 and discusses how business and technology are integrated and shows how digital infrastructures and information networks can help to get an edge on the competition How to Avoid a Climate Disaster February 2021 presents what Gates learned in over a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address climate problems 182 How to Prevent the Next Pandemic April 2022 details the COVID 19 pandemic and proposes a Global Epidemic Response and Mobilization GERM team with annual funding of 1 billion 183 under the auspices of the WHO 184 Personal lifeGates is an avid reader 185 and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby 186 He also enjoys bridge tennis and golf 187 188 His days are planned for him on a minute by minute basis similarly to the U S president s schedule 189 Despite his wealth and extensive business travel Gates flew coach economy class in commercial aircraft until 1997 when he bought a private jet 190 Gates purchased the Codex Leicester a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci for US 30 8 million at an auction in 1994 191 In 1998 he reportedly paid 30 million for the original 1885 maritime painting Lost on the Grand Banks at the time a record price for an American painting 192 In 2016 he revealed that he was color blind 193 On May 10 2022 Gates said that he tested positive for COVID 19 and was experiencing mild symptoms 194 Gates has received three doses of the COVID 19 vaccine 194 Marriage and divorce Gates and Melinda 2009 Gates married Melinda French on the Hawaiian Island of Lanai on January 1 1994 195 They met in 1987 after Melinda began working at Microsoft 196 At the time of their marriage Gates was given permission by Melinda to spend limited time with his ex girlfriend businesswoman Ann Winblad 197 Bill and Melinda have three children Jennifer Rory and Phoebe 198 The family s residence is an earth sheltered mansion in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina Washington In 2009 property taxes on the mansion were reported to be US 1 063 million on a total assessed value of US 147 5 million 199 The 66 000 square foot 6 100 m2 estate has a 60 foot 18 m swimming pool with an underwater music system as well as a 2 500 square foot 230 m2 gym and a 1 000 square foot 93 m2 dining room 200 On May 3 2021 the Gateses announced they had decided to divorce after 27 years of marriage and 34 years as a couple 201 They said they would keep working together on charitable efforts 201 202 The Wall Street Journal reported that Melinda had been meeting with divorce attorneys since 2019 citing interviews that suggested Bill s ties with Jeffrey Epstein was at least one of her concerns 203 The divorce was finalized on August 2 2021 204 Public image Gates meets with U S Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis February 2017 Gates s public image has changed over the years At first he was perceived as a brilliant but ruthless robber baron a nerd turned tycoon 205 Starting in 2000 with the foundation of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and particularly after he stepped down as head of Microsoft he turned his attention to philanthropy spending more than 50 billion on causes like health poverty and education His image morphed from tyrannical technocrat to saintly savior to a huggable billionaire techno philanthropist celebrated on magazine covers and sought after for his opinions on major issues like global health and climate change 205 Still another shift in public opinion came in 2021 with the announcement that he and Melinda were divorcing Coverage of that proceeding brought out information about romantic pursuits of women who worked for him a long term extra marital affair and a friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein 206 This information and his response to the COVID 19 pandemic resulted in some deterioration of his public image going from a lovable nerd who was out to save the world to a tech supervillain who wants to protect profits over public health 207 Investigative journalist Tim Schwab has accused Gates of using his contributions to the media to shape their coverage of him in order to protect his public image 91 208 In September 2022 Politico published an expose critical of NGO leadership at the helm of the world wide COVID 19 pandemic response written in cooperation with the German newspaper Welt Criticisms included the interconnectivity of the non profits with Gates as well as his personal lack of formal credentials in medicine 209 Gates and the projects of his foundation have been the subject of many conspiracy theories that proliferate on Facebook and elsewhere He has been implausibly accused of attempting to depopulate the world distributing harmful or unethical vaccines and implanting people with privacy violating microchips These largely unfounded theories reached a new level of influence during the COVID 19 pandemic when according to New York Times journalist Rory Smith the uncertainties of pandemic life drove people to seek explanations from the internet 210 211 When asked about the theories Gates has remarked that some people are tempted by the simple explanation that an evil person rather than biological factors are to blame and that he does not know for what purpose anyone believes he would want to track them with microchips 212 213 Religion In an interview with Rolling Stone Gates said in regard to his faith The moral systems of religion I think are super important We ve raised our kids in a religious way they ve gone to the Catholic church that Melinda goes to and I participate in I ve been very lucky and therefore I owe it to try and reduce the inequity in the world And that s kind of a religious belief I mean it s at least a moral belief 214 In the same 2014 interview he also said I agree with people like Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for creation myths Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that we sought false explanations for them Now science has filled in some of the realm not all that religion used to fill But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing and there s no scientific explanation of how it came about To say that it was generated by random numbers that does seem you know sort of an uncharitable view laughs I think it makes sense to believe in God but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it I don t know 214 Wealth tallies In 1999 his wealth briefly surpassed US 100 billion making him the first person ever to achieve the feat 215 190 Since 2000 the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft s stock price after the dot com bubble burst and the multi billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations In May 2006 Gates remarked that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought 216 In March 2010 Gates was the second wealthiest person after Carlos Slim but regained the top position in 2013 according to the Bloomberg Billionaires List 217 218 Slim retook the position again in June 2014 219 220 but then lost the top position back to Gates Between 2009 and 2014 his wealth doubled from US 40 billion to more than US 82 billion 221 In October 2017 Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world 16 On November 15 2019 he once again became the richest person in the world after a 48 increase in Microsoft shares surpassing Bezos 222 Gates told the BBC I ve paid more tax than any individual ever and gladly so I ve paid over 6 billion in taxes 223 He is a proponent of higher taxes particularly for the rich 224 By 2017 Gates had held the top spot on the list of The World s Billionaires for 18 out of the previous 23 years 225 Gates has several investments outside Microsoft which in 2006 paid him a salary of US 616 667 and US 350 000 bonus totalling US 966 667 226 In 1989 he founded Corbis a digital imaging company In 2004 he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway the investment company headed by long time friend Warren Buffett 227 In 1987 Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes magazine s 400 Richest People in America issue worth 1 25 billion at the time and was the world s youngest self made billionaire 14 Since 1987 Gates has been included in the Forbes The World s Billionaires list and was the wealthiest person from 1995 to 1996 228 1998 to 2007 2009 and held the spot until 2018 before being overtaken by Jeff Bezos 15 Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993 through to 2007 2009 and 2014 through 2017 229 230 ControversiesAntitrust litigation Further information United States Microsoft antitrust case and European Union Microsoft competition case Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27 1998 Gates approved of many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft s business practices In the 1998 United States v Microsoft case Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words such as compete concerned and we Later in the year when portions of the videotaped deposition were played back in court the judge was seen laughing and shaking his head 231 BusinessWeek reported Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying I don t recall so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle Worse many of the technology chief s denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e mail that Gates both sent and received 232 Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions Did I fence with Boies I plead guilty rudeness to Boies in the first degree 233 Despite Gates s denials the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization tying and blocking competition each in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act 233 Treatment of colleagues and employees Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft s product strategy from the company s founding from 1975 until 2006 He gained a reputation for being distant from others an industry executive complained in 1981 that Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls 234 An Atari executive recalled that he showed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times When they met again a month later Gates won or tied every game He had studied the game until he solved it That is a competitor 235 In the early 1980s while business partner Paul Allen was undergoing treatments for cancer Gates according to Allen conspired to reduce Allen s share in Microsoft by issuing himself stock options 236 237 238 In his autobiography Allen would later recall that Gates was scheming to rip me off It was mercenary opportunism plain and simple 236 Gates says he remembers the episode differently 237 Allen would also recall that Gates was prone to shouting episodes 238 Gates met regularly with Microsoft s senior managers and program managers and the managers described him as being verbally combative He also berated them for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company s long term interests at risk 239 240 Gates saw competition in personal terms when Borland s Turbo Pascal performed better than Microsoft s own tools he yelled at programming director Greg Whitten for half an hour because Gates believed Borland s Philippe Kahn had surpassed Gates 241 Gates interrupted presentations with such comments as that s the stupidest thing I ve ever heard 242 and why don t you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps 243 The target of his outburst would then have to defend the proposal in detail until Gates was fully convinced 242 Not all harsh language was criticism a manager recalled that You re full of shit That s the stupidest fucking thing I ve ever heard meant that Gates was amazed In the lore of Microsoft if Bill says that to you you re made 244 When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating he was known to remark sarcastically I ll do it over the weekend 245 74 246 Gates has been accused of bullying Microsoft employees 247 Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein A 2019 New York Times article reported that Gates s relationship with financier Jeffrey Epstein started in 2011 just a few years after Epstein s conviction for procuring a child for prostitution and continued for some years including a visit to Epstein s house with Melinda in the fall of 2013 despite her declared discomfort 248 Gates said in 2011 about Epstein His lifestyle is very different and kind of intriguing although it would not work for me 206 The depth of the friendship between Gates and Epstein is unclear Gates generally commented about his relationship with Epstein that I met him I didn t have any business relationship or friendship with him 249 However Gates visited Epstein many times despite Epstein s past 248 It was reported that Epstein and Gates discussed the Gates Foundation and philanthropy 248 However in an interview in 2019 Gates completely denied any connection between Epstein and the Gates Foundation or his philanthropy generally 249 In August 2021 Gates said the reason he had meetings with Epstein was because Gates hoped Epstein could provide money for philanthropic work though nothing came of the idea Gates added It was a huge mistake to spend time with him to give him the credibility of being there 247 It has also been reported that Epstein and Gates met with Nobel Committee chair Thorbjorn Jagland at his residence in Strasbourg France in March 2013 to discuss the Nobel Prize 250 Also in attendance were representatives of the International Peace Institute which has received millions in grants from the Gates Foundation including a 2 5 million community engagement grant in October 2013 251 Recognition source source source source source source source source source source source source Bill and Melinda Gates being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016 Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004 2005 and 2006 252 Time also collectively named Gates his wife Melinda and U2 s lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts 253 In 2006 he was voted eighth in the list of Heroes of our time 254 Gates was listed in the London Sunday Times power list in 1999 named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994 ranked number one in the Top 50 Cyber Elite by Time in 1998 ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the Top 100 influential people in media in 2001 255 Gates was elected Member of the US National Academy of Engineering in 1996 for contributions to the founding and development of personal computing 256 He was named Honorary Member of the American Library Association in 1998 257 He was elected a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2017 258 According to Forbes Gates was ranked as the fourth most powerful person in the world in 2012 259 up from fifth in 2011 260 In 1994 he was honored as the 20th Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society DFBCS In 1999 Gates received New York Institute of Technology s President s Medal 261 Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit 1996 262 KTH Royal Institute of Technology 2002 263 Waseda University 2005 264 Tsinghua University 2007 265 Harvard University 2007 266 the Karolinska Institute 2007 267 and Cambridge University 2009 268 He was also made an honorary trustee of Peking University in 2007 269 Gates was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire KBE by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005 270 In January 2006 he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry by the President of Portugal Jorge Sampaio In November 2006 he was awarded the Placard of the Order of the Aztec Eagle together with his wife Melinda who was awarded the Insignia of the same order both for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education particularly in Mexico and specifically in the program Un pais de lectores 271 Gates received the 2010 Bower Award for Business Leadership from The Franklin Institute for his achievements at Microsoft and his philanthropic work 272 Also in 2010 he was honored with the Silver Buffalo Award by the Boy Scouts of America its highest award for adults for his service to youth 273 In 2002 Bill and Melinda Gates received the Jefferson Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged 274 He was given the 2006 James C Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from the Tech Awards 275 In 2015 Gates and his wife Melinda received the Padma Bhushan India s third highest civilian award for their social work in the country 276 277 In 2016 Barack Obama honored Bill and Melinda Gates with the Presidential Medal of Freedom for their philanthropic efforts 278 In 2017 Francois Hollande awarded Bill and Melinda Gates with France s highest national order as Commanders in the Legion of Honour for their charity efforts 279 Entomologists named Bill Gates flower fly Eristalis gatesi in his honor in 1997 280 In 2020 Gates received the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun for his contributions to Japan and the world in regards to worldwide technological transformation and advancement of global health 281 In 2021 Gates was nominated at the 11th annual Streamy Awards for the crossover for his personal YouTube channel 282 In 2022 Gates received the Hilal e Pakistan Second highest civilian award for their social work in the country Depiction in mediaDocumentary films about Gates External video The Machine That Changed The World Interview with Bill Gates 1990 raw video 44 03 Open Vault WGBH 283 The Machine That Changed the World 1990 Triumph of the Nerds 1996 Nerds 2 0 1 1998 Waiting for Superman 2010 284 The Virtual Revolution 2010 Inside Bill s Brain Decoding Bill Gates 2019 Feature films 1999 Pirates of Silicon Valley a film that chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997 Gates is portrayed by Anthony Michael Hall 2002 Nothing So Strange a mockumentary featuring Gates as the subject of a modern assassination Gates briefly appears at the start played by Steve Sires 2010 The Social Network a film that chronicles the development of Facebook Gates is portrayed by Steve Sires 285 2015 Steve Jobs vs Bill Gates The Competition to Control the Personal Computer 1974 1999 Original film from the National Geographic Channel for the American Genius series 286 Video and film clips Steve Jobs and Gates at D All Things Digital in 2007 1983 Steve Jobs hosts Gates and others in the Macintosh dating game at the Macintosh pre launch event a parody of the television game show The Dating Game 287 1991 Gates spoke to the Berkeley Macintosh Users Group lively weekly Thursday night meeting with questions and answers in PSL Hall renamed Pimentel Hall in 1994 288 at University of California Berkeley 289 290 291 2007 Steve Jobs and Bill Gates Together at the D5 Conference on YouTube All Things Digital 2009 Gates has given numerous TED talks on current concerns such as innovation education and fighting global diseases 292 Radio Gates was the guest on BBC Radio 4 s Desert Island Discs on January 31 2016 in which he talked about his relationships with his father and Steve Jobs meeting Melinda Ann French the start of Microsoft and some of his habits for example reading The Economist from cover to cover every week His choice of things to take on a desert island were for music Blue Skies by Willie Nelson a book The Better Angels of Our Nature by Steven Pinker and luxury item a DVD Collection of Lectures from The Teaching Company 293 Television Gates made a guest appearance as himself on the TV show The Big Bang Theory The episode on which he appeared was appropriately titled The Gates Excitation 294 He also appeared in a cameo role in 2019 on the series finale of Silicon Valley 295 Gates was parodied in The Simpsons episode Das Bus In 2023 Gates was the interviewee in an episode of the Amol Rajan Interviews series on BBC Two 296 and was the subject of an episode of the The Billionaires Who Made Our World UK Channel 4 series 297 See alsoBig History Project List of richest Americans in history List of wealthiest historical figuresNotes Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public U S Securities and Exchange Commission Form 4 filings 6 7 His father was named William H Gates II but he is now generally known as William H Gates Senior to avoid confusion with his son References Gates Steps Down from Microsoft Board but Stays as Advisor Redmond March 2020 Manes 1994 p 11 a b Bill Gates American computer programmer businessman and philanthropist Archived from the original on March 28 2013 Retrieved March 20 2013 Foley Mary Jo August 15 2017 Bill Gates stake in Microsoft is now just 1 3 percent ZDNet Retrieved July 26 2021 Sheridan Patrick May 2 2014 Bill Gates no longer Microsoft s biggest shareholder CNN Money Archived from the original on August 20 2014 Retrieved August 22 2014 MSFT Holdings NASDAQ archived from the original on October 19 2011 retrieved April 10 2016 MSFT Symbol NASDAQ archived from the original on April 8 2016 retrieved April 10 2016 Einstein David January 13 2000 Gates steps down as Microsoft CEO Forbes 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April 8 2015 Gates Bill April 3 2015 The next outbreak We re not ready TED Retrieved June 8 2020 March 31 2018 Saudi Crown Prince and Bill Gates review joint development projects Al Arabiya Michael Idato April 4 2018 Prince Mohammed books out hotel to dine with Murdoch The Sydney Morning Herald Scipioni Jade June 24 2019 Bill Gates reveals his greatest mistake that potentially cost Microsoft 400 billion CNBC Retrieved December 22 2019 Leadership a b Schwab Tim August 21 2020 Journalism s Gates keepers Columbia Journalism Review Retrieved April 5 2021 Gates Foundation Commits 100 Million to Speeding Up Coronavirus Treatments and Response Good News Network March 10 2020 Retrieved April 22 2021 Bill Gates and Dr Fauci talk regularly here s what they re discussing now CNBC com February 11 2021 Retrieved May 3 2021 Edwards John June 25 2019 This is What Bill Gates s Portfolio Looks Like Investopedia Retrieved November 17 2019 Bill Gates Cuts His Stake in AutoNation Stock Barron s October 9 2021 Retrieved January 14 2023 Marshall Kirpatric October 22 2008 Bill Gates Has Started a New Company bgC3 The New York Times Bill Gates now biggest CN shareholder CA CNR CBC News April 25 2011 Retrieved November 17 2019 Cascade Investment Bill and Melinda Gates Investments BMGI Family Office United States SWFI Bill Gates America s Top Farmland Owner The Land Report landreport com January 11 2021 Retrieved February 11 2021 Bill Gates is the biggest private owner of farmland in the United States Why Nick Estes The Guardian April 5 2021 Retrieved April 5 2021 Weinberger Hannah Bill Gates is investing big in American farmland Crosscut crosscut com Retrieved February 11 2021 Hamilton Tyler October 8 2015 Snatching CO2 back from the air The Toronto Star Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd Retrieved November 6 2015 Eisenberg Anne January 4 2013 Pulling Carbon Dioxide Out of Thin Air The New York Times Retrieved December 3 2015 Gunther Marc The business of cooling the planet Fortune Brigham Katie June 22 2019 Bill Gates and Big Oil back this company that s trying to solve climate change by sucking CO2 out of the air CNBC LLC Tollefson J 2018 doi Nature 563 7733 613 615 doi 10 1038 d41586 018 07533 4 PMID 30479388 Corbis Images Sold by Bill Gates to Visual China Group PetaPixel petapixel com January 22 2016 Retrieved June 6 2021 Bill Gates Airbus and SoftBank invest in satellite video startup that wants to help us see and understand the Earth live and unfiltered GeekWire April 18 2018 Retrieved May 25 2021 Clark Heather January 2008 Eclipse Aviation Gets Foreign Investment Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved January 21 2023 Gilchrist Karen March 7 2019 How Impossible Burger s simple vision won hundreds of millions in funding and backing from Bill Gates CNBC LLC Strom Stephanie August 8 2017 Impossible Burger s Secret Sauce Highlights Challenges of Food Tech The New York Times Archived from the original on August 8 2017 Beyond the Headlines A Clarification Regarding Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods Beyond Meat August 15 2017 Tribune Patrick Kennedy Star Bill Gates investment firm increases its ownership in Ecolab Star Tribune Retrieved October 5 2021 Levy Jared Ari June 4 2013 Bill Gates Joins 35 Million Funding in Startup ResearchGate Bloomberg Archived from the original on January 9 2015 Retrieved January 28 2015 Bill Gates Talks About the Potential of Nuclear Innovation on 60 Minutes Nuclear Energy Institute Retrieved April 21 2021 Clifford Catherine April 8 2021 How Bill Gates company TerraPower is building next generation nuclear power CNBC Retrieved April 20 2021 Carpenter Scott Bill Gates Nuclear Startup Unveils Mini Reactor Design Including Molten Salt Energy Storage Forbes Retrieved April 20 2021 Mufson Steven Bill Gates comes to Washington selling the promise of nuclear energy The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved April 22 2021 Gardner Timothy August 28 2020 Bill Gates nuclear venture plans reactor to complement solar wind power boom Reuters Retrieved April 22 2021 Aronoff Kate March 3 2021 The Dark Side of Bill Gates s Climate Techno Optimism The New Republic Ginkgo Bioworks raises 350 million fund for biotech spinouts Reuters October 9 2019 Retrieved April 27 2021 Field Matthew July 18 2021 Bill Gates and George Soros join buyout of UK Covid testing company The Telegraph Archived from the original on January 10 2022 a b Wattles Jackie November 11 2015 Bill Gates launches multi billion dollar clean energy fund CNN Money Retrieved December 12 2020 Q amp A Bill Gates on the World s Energy Crisis Wired Vol 19 no 7 June 20 2011 Retrieved October 2 2019 Gates Bill November 30 2015 Energy Innovation Why We Need It and How to Get It Gates Notes Retrieved December 12 2020 a b Thornhill John Adams Christopher June 25 2015 Gates to double investment in renewable energy projects Financial Times Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Retrieved December 12 2020 Schlosser Kurt December 3 2020 Bill Gates calls for creation of National Institutes of Energy Innovation to better address climate change GeekWire Retrieved December 12 2020 Listek Vanesa February 19 2021 Redefine Meat Raises 29M to Grow its 3D Printed Alt Meat Portfolio 3DR HOLDINGS 3D Print Bill Gates joins Blackstone in bid to buy British private jet services firm The Guardian January 9 2021 Retrieved February 2 2021 Bill Gates shows how hard it can be to divest from fossil fuel The Edge Markets February 15 2021 Archived from the original on February 16 2021 Retrieved February 17 2021 Reviewed How to Avoid a Climate Disaster by Bill Gates The Ministry for the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson and Under a White Sky by Elizabeth Kolbert MIT Technology Review Retrieved March 8 2021 Bill Gates next generation nuclear reactor to be built in Wyoming Arab News Reuters June 3 2021 Retrieved June 3 2021 Rathi Akshat A Dlouhy Jennifer August 2022 Bill Gates and the Secret Push to Save Biden s Climate Bill Bloomberg Retrieved September 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investments The Seattle Times Archived from the original on May 16 2007 Piller Charles January 14 2007 Gates Foundation to keep its investment approach Los Angeles Times Retrieved October 19 2020 a b Pandemic though terrible helped push digital financial revolution Bill Gates Business Times Singapore December 8 2020 Retrieved December 9 2020 Miller Anna Medaris November 16 2020 Bill Gates says he doesn t understand anti maskers What are these like nudists Insider Inc Business Insider Abraham Bina October 1 2010 They half it in them Gulf News Archived from the original on January 21 2011 Retrieved March 17 2011 Moss Rosabeth December 14 2010 Four Strategic Generosity Lessons Business Week Archived from the original on February 25 2011 Retrieved March 9 2011 40 billionaires pledge to give away half of wealth NBC News Retrieved August 8 2010 Robyn Griggs Lawrence February 22 2011 A Rich Gift Homemade Jelly for Bill and Melinda Gates Mother Earth News Archived from the original on February 24 2011 Retrieved March 10 2011 Matthew G H Chun April 14 1999 Bill Gates Donates 20 million to MIT The Harvard Crimson Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Our Campus Teaching research and administrative spaces Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences President and Fellows of Harvard College 2014 Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Gates Computer Science Building Stanford Engineering Stanford University 2014 Archived from the original on April 1 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Kass Jason November 18 2013 Bill Gates Can t Build a Toilet Opinion Pages The New York Times Archived from the original on March 25 2015 Retrieved March 24 2015 BBC news article Bill Gates drinks water distilled from human faeces BBC News January 7 2015 Archived from the original on January 11 2015 Retrieved January 11 2015 Gates Bill January 5 2015 From poop to portable This Ingenious Machine Turns Feces into Drinking Water Gatesnotes com Archived from the original on January 13 2015 Retrieved January 13 2015 Bill Gates and Jimmy Drink Poop Water Youtube Channel of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon January 22 2015 Archived from the original on May 7 2015 Bill Gates makes 100 million personal investment to fight Alzheimer s Reuters November 13 2017 Archived from the original on November 13 2017 Retrieved November 13 2017 Briefly Noted lt Excellence in Philanthropy The Philanthropy Roundtable Archived from the original on February 11 2016 Retrieved March 10 2016 Bill Gates follows Thalapathy Vijay s unique way to help Kerala flood victims Tamil Movie News IndiaGlitz com Retrieved August 25 2018 Brueck Hilary Bill Gates Is Giving Away Free Copies of One of the Most Important Books He s Read to All College Graduates Here s How to Get Yours Entrepreneur Retrieved July 21 2022 Gates Notes October 25 2021 Every College and University Student Around the World Can Now Receive a Free Digital Copy of Bill Gates Book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster prnewswire Retrieved July 21 2022 Lui Herbert October 2 2021 Why Bill Gates gave away 4 million copies of this book to future leaders Fast Company Retrieved July 21 2022 Are Bill and Melinda Gates Giving Away Free College Textbooks Snopes August 24 2016 Retrieved July 21 2022 Bekiempis Victoria July 15 2022 Bill Gates pledges to donate virtually all of 113bn fortune to his foundation The Guardian Archived from the original on December 16 2022 Retrieved March 13 2023 Live blog Bill Gates and Roger Federer play tennis for charity in Seattle April 30 2017 Archived from the original on May 1 2017 Match For Africa 4 a Huge Hit for Federer s Foundation Tennis com Retrieved May 16 2018 Roger Federer s Match For Africa Raises More Than 2 5 Million Tennis com Retrieved May 16 2018 Gates Bill 2021 How to Avoid a Climate Disaster The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need Description amp arrowed scrollable preview Knopf Retrieved April 26 2021 Vaughan Adam May 2 2022 How to Prevent the Next Pandemic review Bill Gates s timely blueprint New Scientist Horton Richard May 14 2022 Offline Bill Gates and the fate of WHO The Lancet 399 10338 1853 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 22 00874 1 ISSN 0140 6736 PMID 35569450 S2CID 248726392 Gates Bill 2022 I was recently asked what advice I would give to young people who want to make a positive impact on the world linkedin com LinkedIn My advice is simple Read a lot and discover a skill you enjoy Paterson Thane June 13 2000 He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close he could hardly fail to grasp it Advice for Bill Gates A Little Culture Wouldn t Hurt Business Week Archived from the original on May 1 2008 Retrieved April 28 2008 Bill Gates Chairman Microsoft Corporation 2008 Archived from the original on August 28 2008 Alt URL Profile Bill Gates BBC News January 26 2004 Archived from the original on February 1 2009 Retrieved January 1 2010 Riddell Mary October 21 2016 Bill Gates He eats Big Macs for lunch and schedules every minute of his day meet the man worth 80 billion The Telegraph Archived from the original on October 24 2016 Retrieved October 24 2016 a b Zuckerman Laurence October 27 1997 New Jet Eases Travel Hassles For Bill Gates The New York Times Archived from the original on September 5 2012 Retrieved May 20 2021 Lesinski 2006 p 74 Vogel Carol May 5 1998 Sale of Homer Seascape Sets Record The New York Times Osborn Alex February 18 2016 This Was Bill Gates Favorite XBLA Game IGN Ziff Davis Archived from the original on February 19 2016 a b Bill Gates says he has COVID experiencing mild symptoms CP24 Associated Press May 10 2022 Retrieved May 11 2022 Gammon Katherine May 19 2008 What We ll Miss About Bill Gates a Very Long Good Bye Wired Retrieved May 4 2021 Office romance how Bill met Melinda The Independent October 23 2011 Retrieved May 24 2021 Isaacson Walter January 13 1997 In Search of the Real Bill Gates Time ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved May 9 2021 Scipioni Jade June 26 2020 Bill Gates daughter Jenn I was born into a huge situation of privilege CNBC Retrieved May 3 2021 Anderson Rick May 16 2008 Taxman Cometh Seattle Weekly Archived from the original on April 17 2013 Photo Gallery Homes Of The Billionaires Forbes May 22 2002 Archived from the original on March 26 2010 Retrieved June 9 2010 a b Novet Jordan May 3 2021 Bill Gates and Melinda Gates are splitting up after 27 years CNBC Retrieved May 3 2021 Kulish Nicholas Gelles David Das Anupreeta Kelly Kate May 13 2021 The Gateses Public Split Spotlights a Secretive Fortune The New York Times Archived from the original on May 13 2021 Glazer Emily Safdar Khadeeja May 9 2021 Melinda Gates Was Meeting With Divorce Lawyers Since 2019 to End Marriage With Bill Gates The Wall Street Journal Novet Jordan August 2 2021 Bill and Melinda French Gates are officially divorced following 27 year marriage CNBC Retrieved August 3 2021 a b Carr Austin May 21 2021 Bill Gates s Carefully Curated Geek Image Unravels in Two Weeks Bloomberg News Retrieved July 25 2021 a b Flitter Emily Goldstein Matthew May 16 2021 Long Before Divorce Bill Gates Had Reputation for Questionable Behavior The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 28 2021 Retrieved May 22 2021 Shephard Alex June 4 2021 Oligarch of the Month Bill Gates The New Republic ISSN 0028 6583 Retrieved July 23 2021 Billionaire Bill Gates Uses Money to Shape the Media Jacobin November 2021 Retrieved May 19 2022 How Bill Gates and partners used their clout to control the global Covid response with little oversight Politico Wakefield Jane June 6 2020 How Bill Gates became the voodoo doll of Covid conspiracies BBC retrieved November 7 2022 Wakabayashi Daisuke Alba Davey Tracy Marc April 17 2020 Bill Gates at Odds With Trump on Virus Becomes a Right Wing Target The New York Times retrieved November 7 2022 Gates Bill July 24 2020 Bill Gates message to Covid 19 conspiracy theorists interviewed by Anderson Cooper CNN retrieved November 7 2022 Sandler Rachel Bill Gates Explains Why He Doesn t Own Any Cryptocurrency Forbes Retrieved November 12 2022 a b Goodell Jeff March 27 2014 Bill Gates The Rolling Stone Interview Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 9 2014 Retrieved April 14 2014 Fridson 2001 p 113 Bolger Joe May 5 2006 I wish I was not the richest man in the world says Bill Gates The Times UK Archived from the original on September 23 2008 Retrieved March 31 2008 Cuadros Alex Harrison Crayton May 17 2013 Bill Gates Retakes World s Richest Title From Carlos Slim Forbes Archived from the original on September 24 2010 Retrieved May 30 2013 Bill Gates regains world s richest man title Forbes The Economic Times March 3 2014 Archived from the original on September 14 2016 Forbes Billionaires list Archived from the original on December 3 2011 Estevez Dolia June 7 2014 Mexico s Carlos Slim Reclaims World s Richest Man Title From Bill Gates Forbes Archived from the original on September 1 2014 Retrieved September 1 2014 The World s Billionaires Forbes Archived from the original on November 29 2014 Retrieved November 30 2014 Feuerherd Ben November 16 2019 Bill Gates regains spot as world s richest person over Jeff Bezos New York Post Retrieved November 19 2019 Newsnight Interview BBC January 24 2014 Archived from the original on August 23 2017 Retrieved August 23 2017 US Should Pay More Tax ABC May 28 2013 Archived from the original on July 7 2017 Retrieved August 23 2017 Bill Gates Forbes Archived from the original on May 10 2017 Retrieved August 25 2017 Microsoft 2006 Proxy Statement Microsoft October 6 2007 Archived from the original on February 19 2008 Retrieved February 14 2008 Fried Ina December 14 2004 Gates joins board of Buffett s Berkshire Hathaway CNET Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved March 31 2008 see Forbes World s Richest People 1996 1997 and 1998 Wahba Phil September 17 2008 Bill Gates tops US wealth list 15 years continuously Reuters Archived from the original on December 18 2008 Retrieved November 6 2008 Kirsch Noah Here s Why Jeff Bezos Is Not Truly The Richest Person In History Forbes Archived from the original on January 11 2018 Retrieved January 11 2018 Wasserman Elizabeth November 17 1998 Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court CNN Archived from the original on April 7 2013 Retrieved April 10 2013 Microsoft s Teflon Bill BusinessWeek November 30 1998 Archived from the original on April 7 2008 Retrieved March 30 2008 a b Heilemann John November 1 2000 The Truth The Whole Truth and Nothing But The Truth Wired Vol 8 no 11 Archived from the original on May 28 2014 Retrieved March 31 2008 Freiberger Paul August 31 1981 Bugs in Radio Shack TRS 80 Model III How Bad Are They InfoWorld p 49 Archived from the original on September 2 2016 Retrieved February 28 2011 Thorlin Fred April 2000 Fred Thorlin The Big Boss at Atari Program Exchange Interview Interviewed by Kevin Savetz Atari archives Archived from the original on January 1 2013 Retrieved December 6 2012 a b Allen Frederick March 30 2011 Bill Gates Tried to Screw Paul Allen What s the Surprise Forbes Retrieved May 22 2021 a b Carr Austin May 21 2021 Bill Gates s Carefully Curated Geek Image Unravels in Two Weeks Bloomberg Retrieved May 22 2021 a b Kelly Heather October 17 2018 Paul Allen s battle with Bill Gates defined his legacy CNN Retrieved May 22 2021 Rensin David 1994 The Bill Gates Interview Playboy Ballmer Steve October 9 1997 Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript Church Hill Club Microsoft Archived from the original on April 20 2008 Retrieved March 31 2008 Wallace James Erickson Jim 1992 Growing Pains Hard Drive Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire John Wiley amp Sons p 277 278 ISBN 0 471 56886 4 a b Isaacson Walter January 13 1997 The Gates Operating System Time Archived from the original on June 19 2000 Retrieved March 31 2008 Bank David February 1 1999 Breaking Windows The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on April 16 2016 Retrieved March 31 2008 Smith Matthew S February 26 2023 Flight Simulator Gave Birth to 3D Video Game Graphics IEEE Spectrum Retrieved February 28 2023 Chapman Glenn June 27 2008 Bill Gates Signs Off Agence France Presse Archived from the original on June 30 2008 Herbold Robert 2004 The Fiefdom Syndrome The Turf Battles That Undermine Careers and Companies And How to Overcome Them ISBN 0 385 51067 5 a b Epstein meetings a huge mistake says Bill Gates BBC a b c Flitter Emily Stewart James B October 12 2019 Bill Gates Met With Jeffrey Epstein Many Times Despite His Past The New York Times Archived from the original on January 1 2022 a b Martin Pengelly amp Rupert Neate May 10 2021 Melinda Gates began divorce moves at time Bill s meetings with Jeffrey Epstein revealed The Guardian Her meeting with divorce lawyers in October 2019 is said to have taken place at roughly the same time as a New York Times article detailed Bill s meetings with Epstein which included an overnight stay at Epstein s New York mansion Tore Gjerstad amp Gard Oterholm October 2 2020 Bill Gates and Jeffrey Epstein met with Nobel Committee chair Dagens Naeringsliv Magasinet Not only did Thorbjorn Jagland meet Epstein he hosted him at his lavish residence in Strasbourg France At the time Jagland was the sitting chair of the committee which awards the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize Also present a philanthropist Gates touted as a possible Prize recipient October 2013 International Peace Institute Inc Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation Grossman Lev April 18 2005 The 2005 Time 100 Time ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved November 2 2021 Lesinski 2006 p 102 Cowley Jason June 22 2006 Heroes of our time the top 50 New Statesman UK Archived from the original on December 31 2007 Retrieved February 17 2008 Gates second only to Blair BBC News September 26 1999 Archived from the original on December 29 2008 Retrieved March 30 2008 Mr William H Gates III National Academy of Engineering Retrieved June 12 2019 American Library Association Honorary Membership Xiang Bo November 27 2017 Bill Gates elected to Chinese Academy of Engineering Xinhua Retrieved June 10 2019 The World s Most Powerful People Forbes December 5 2012 Archived from the original on December 30 2012 Retrieved June 30 2013 The World s Most Powerful People Forbes November 2 2011 Archived from the original on November 3 2011 Retrieved June 30 2013 Bill Gates Speaks of Opportunities and Challenges Facing Generation I News Center Microsoft October 28 1999 Archived from the original on December 31 2015 Retrieved October 25 2015 Gates krijgt eredoctoraat Nijenrode in Dutch Computable November 4 1996 Retrieved January 1 2022 Honorary doctors at KTH About KTH Stockholm KTH Royal Institute of Technology Archived from the original on April 17 2015 Retrieved January 19 2015 History of the University website of the Waseda University Bill Gates Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Tsinghua Tsinghua University April 19 2007 Archived from the original on July 7 2011 Retrieved June 9 2010 Hughes Gina June 8 2007 Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years Yahoo Archived from the original on December 27 2007 Retrieved February 18 2008 Karolinska Institutet Medicine hedersdoktorer 1910 2013 Honorary doctors of medicine at the Karolinska Institute 1910 2013 PDF in Swedish Karolinska Institutet May 22 2013 Archived PDF from the original on May 1 2015 Retrieved January 19 2015 University of Cambridge June 12 2009 The Chancellor in Cambridge to confer Honorary Degrees University of Cambridge Archived from the original on August 17 2009 Retrieved August 20 2009 Blakely Rhys July 18 2007 Gates how piracy worked for me in China The Times London Archived from the original on June 11 2011 Retrieved April 26 2010 Knighthood for Microsoft s Gates BBC News March 2 2005 Archived from the original on March 9 2008 Retrieved February 18 2008 Proclamation of the Award Diario Oficial de la Federacion Archived from the original on March 6 2008 Retrieved March 30 2008 Bower Award for Business Leadership The Franklin Institute 2010 Archived from the original on July 26 2010 Retrieved June 30 2013 2010 Silver Buffalo Recipients Scouting September October 2010 p 39 National Winners public service awards Archived November 24 2010 at the Wayback Machine Jefferson Awards org Retrieved on September 4 2013 The 2006 James C Morgan Global Humanitarian Award The Tech Museum of Innovation Archived from the original on April 2 2014 Retrieved April 2 2014 Padma Awards Press Information Board of India Ministry of Home Affairs India Archived from the original on January 28 2015 Padma awards 2015 announced Advani Amitabh among 104 awardees Zee News January 25 2015 President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom whitehouse gov November 16 2016 Archived from the original on January 21 2017 Retrieved November 16 2016 via National Archives Ambassade de France aux Etats Unis Washington D C April 21 2017 Bill et Melinda Gates decores de la Legion d Honneur Bill and Melinda Gates awarded the Legion of Honor France in the United States Embassy of France in Washington D C in French Archived from the original on March 15 2018 Retrieved March 15 2018 Thompson F Christian August 19 1999 Bill Gates Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson The Diptera Site Archived from the original on February 12 2008 Retrieved February 18 2008 Mr Bill Gates to receive 2020 Spring Decoration from the Government of Japan Consulate General of Japan in Seattle Youtube Streamy Awards Crossover Retrieved December 15 2021 Machine That Changed The World The Interview with Bill Gates 1990 raw video WGBH Open Vault 1990 Archived from the original on October 14 2016 Retrieved September 19 2016 Bill Gates Goes to Sundance Offers an Education ABC News January 23 2010 Archived from the original on January 28 2010 Cohen Lindsay Bogus Bill has a blast playing billionaire in The Social Network KVAL 13 Archived from the original on July 30 2015 Retrieved October 25 2015 American Genius Archived from the original on September 10 2015 Retrieved September 10 2015 Moss Caroline November 24 2013 In 1983 Steve Jobs Hosted Apple s Version Of The Dating Game And Bill Gates Was A Contestant Business Insider Retrieved November 21 2021 College of Chemistry Timeline UC Berkeley Retrieved July 21 2022 Bernt Wahl 1991 Bill Gates at BMUG meeting 1991 c Bernt Wahl PSL Hall University of California Berkeley YouTube Retrieved July 21 2022 Bernt Wahl 1991 Bill Gates at BMUG PSL Hall University of California Berkeley YouTube Retrieved July 21 2022 Bernt Wahl 1991 Bill Gates at Berkeley Macintosh Users Group PSL Hall University of California Berkeley YouTube Retrieved July 21 2022 Bill Gates TED talks TED com Retrieved July 2 2020 BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs Bill Gates BBC Archived from the original on March 20 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Lerman Rachel March 27 2018 Bill Gates to guest star on geeky The Big Bang Theory The Seattle Times Retrieved February 25 2019 Big fan Bill Gates makes appearance in Silicon Valley series finale as HBO comedy logs off December 9 2019 Amol Rajan Interviews Bill Gates BBC Retrieved February 20 2023 The Billionaires Who Made Our World Bill Gates Channel 4 Retrieved February 20 2023 Bibliography Fridson Martin 2001 How to Be a Billionaire Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 0 471 41617 7 Gates Bill 1996 The Road Ahead Penguin Books ISBN 0 14 026040 4 Lesinski Jeanne M 2006 Bill Gates biography A amp E Television Networks ISBN 0 8225 7027 0 Manes Stephen 1994 Gates How Microsoft s Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself the Richest Man in America Touchstone Pictures ISBN 0 671 88074 8 Wallace James 1993 Hard Drive Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire New York City HarperCollins Publishers ISBN 0 471 56886 4 Primary sources Gates Bill An exclusive interview with Bill Gates Financial Times 1 2013 online Gates Bill Remarks of Bill Gates Harvard Commencement 2007 The Harvard Gazette 7 2007 Online Kinsley Michael and Conor Clarke Eds Creative Capitalism A Conversation With Bill Gates Warren Buffett and Other Economic Leaders Simon and Schuster 2009 Further readingLeibovich Mark The New Imperialists Prentice Hall 2002 pp 139 182 online Bank David 2001 Breaking Windows How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft New York City Free Press ISBN 0 7432 0315 1 Rivlin Gary 1999 The Plot to Get Bill Gates An Irreverent Investigation of the World s Richest Man and the People Who Hate Him New York City Times Business ISBN 0 8129 3006 1 83 Reasons Why Bill Gates s Reign Is Over Wired Vol 6 no 12 December 1998 Archived from the original on August 22 2010 Kildall Gary October 25 2004 The Man Who Could Have Been Bill Gates Bloomberg BusinessWeek Archived from the original on April 4 2006 Retrieved June 9 2010 The Meaning of Bill Gates As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end so does the era he dominated The Economist June 28 2008 Wallace James Overdrive Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1997 External linksBill Gates at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata Official website Bill amp Melinda Gates Foundation Official YouTube channel Appearances on C SPAN Bill Gates at IMDb Bill Gates at TED Forbes profile Portals Agriculture Biography Business Companies Computer programming Ecology Internet Medicine Renewable energy Technology United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bill Gates amp oldid 1144806149, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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