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Prices of chemical elements

April 12, 2024

See also: Diamonds as an investment
See also: Scandium § Price
See also: Rhodium § Mining and price
See also: Palladium as an investment
See also: Silver as an investment
See also: Tin § Price and exchanges
See also: Iridium § Production
See also: Platinum as an investment
See also: Gold as an investment
See also: Bismuth § Price
See also: Uranium market

This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison.

As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. While the difficulty of obtaining macroscopic samples of synthetic elements in part explains their high value, there has been interest in converting base metals to gold (Chrysopoeia) since ancient times, but only deeper understanding of nuclear physics has allowed the actual production of a tiny amount of gold from other elements for research purposes as demonstrated by Glenn Seaborg.[1][2] However, both this and other routes of synthesis of precious metals via nuclear reactions is orders of magnitude removed from economic viability.

Chlorine, sulfur and carbon (as coal) are cheapest by mass. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine are cheapest by volume at atmospheric pressure.

When there is no public data on the element in its pure form, price of a compound is used, per mass of element contained. This implicitly puts the value of compounds' other constituents, and the cost of extraction of the element, at zero. For elements whose radiological properties are important, individual isotopes and isomers are listed. The price listing for radioisotopes is not exhaustive.

Chart edit

Z Symbol Name Density[a] (kg/L) Abundance and total mass in Earth's crust[b] (mg/kg) Price[7] Year Source Notes
USD/kg USD/L[c]
1 H Hydrogen 0.00008988 1400 (3.878×1019 kg) 1.39 0.000125 2012 DOE Hydrogen[8] Prices of hydrogen produced by distributed steam methane reforming, as predicted by H2A Production Model from United States Department of Energy,[9] assuming price of natural gas of US$3/MMBtu (US$10/MWh; US$0.10/m3). Does not include cost of storage and distribution.
1 2H (D) Deuterium 0.0001667[10] 13400 2.23 2020 CIL[11] 99.8% pure compressed deuterium gas, in lot size of 850 L (142 g). Also sold by same supplier in the form of heavy water at price of 3940 USD per kg deuterium.[12]

In 2016, Iran sold 32 tons of heavy water to United States for 1336 USD per kg deuterium.[13]

2 He Helium 0.0001785 0.008 (2.216×1014 kg) 24.0 0.00429 2018 USGS MCS[14] Crude helium sold to non-government users in United States in 2018. In the same year, stockpiles of US government helium were sold on auctions for average price of US$0.00989/L.[15]
3 Li Lithium 0.534 20 (5.54×1017 kg) 81.4–85.6 43.4–45.7 2020 SMM[16][d] Min. 99% pure.
4 Be Beryllium 1.85 2.8 (7.756×1016 kg) 857 1590 2020 ISE 2020[17][e] Min. 99% pure.
5 B Boron 2.34 10 (2.77×1017 kg) 3.68 8.62 2019 CEIC Data[18][f] In the form of boric acid, price per boron contained. Min. 99% pure.
6 C Carbon 2.267 200 (5.54×1018 kg) 0.122 0.28 2018 EIA Coal[19] In the form of anthracite, price per carbon contained, assuming 90% carbon content. There is a wide variation of price of carbon depending on its form. Lower ranks of coal can be less expensive, for example sub-bituminous coal can cost around US$0.038/kg carbon.[19] Graphite flakes can cost around US$0.9/kg carbon.[20] Price of synthetic industrial diamond for grinding and polishing can range from 1200 to 13300 USD/kg, while cost per weight of large synthetic diamonds for industrial applications can be on the order of million dollars per kilogram.[21]
7 N Nitrogen 0.0012506 19 (5.263×1017 kg) 0.140 0.000175 2001 Hypertextbook[24] As liquid nitrogen.
8 O Oxygen 0.001429 461000 (1.277×1022 kg) 0.154 0.000220 2001 Hypertextbook[24] As liquid oxygen.
9 F Fluorine 0.001696 585 (1.62×1019 kg) 1.84–2.16 0.00311 – 0.00365 2017 Echemi[25] In the form of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, price per fluorine contained. Range of prices on Chinese market, week of 1–7 December 2017.
10 Ne Neon 0.0008999 0.005 (1.385×1014 kg) 240 0.21 1999 Ullmann[26] Approximate European price for buying small quantities.
11 Na Sodium 0.971 23600 (6.537×1020 kg) 2.57–3.43 2.49–3.33 2020 SMM[27][d] Min 99.7% pure industrial grade sodium.
12 Mg Magnesium 1.738 23300 (6.454×1020 kg) 2.32 4.03 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min 99.9% pure.
13 Al Aluminium 2.698 82300 (2.28×1021 kg) 1.79 4.84 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] High-grade primary aluminium, at London Metal Exchange warehouse.
14 Si Silicon 2.3296 282000 (7.811×1021 kg) 1.70 3.97 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.1% pure, max. 0.4% iron, 0.4% aluminium, 0.1% calcium.[28] 10–100 mm.
15 P Phosphorus 1.82 1050 (2.909×1019 kg) 2.69 4.90 2019 CEIC Data[18][f] Min. 99.9% pure yellow phosphorus.
16 S Sulfur 2.067 350 (9.695×1018 kg) 0.0926 0.191 2019 CEIC Data[18][f]
17 Cl Chlorine 0.003214 145 (4.075×1018 kg) 0.082 0.00026 2013 CnAgri[29] As chlorine is manufactured together with sodium hydroxide in chloralkali process, relative demand for one product changes the price for the other. When demand for sodium hydroxide is relatively high, chlorine price can fall to arbitrarily low levels, even to zero.[30]
18 Ar Argon 0.0017837 3.5 (9.695×1016 kg) 0.931 0.00166 2019 UNLV[31] Liquid argon supply contract for University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
19 K Potassium 0.862 20900 (5.789×1020 kg) 12.1–13.6 10.5–11.7 2020 SMM[32][d] Min 98.5% pure industrial grade potassium.
20 Ca Calcium 1.54 41500 (1.15×1021 kg) 2.21–2.35 3.41–3.63 2020 SMM[33][d] Blocks of 98.5% pure calcium obtained by reduction process.
21 Sc Scandium 2.989 22 (6.094×1017 kg) 3460 10300 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.99% pure.
22 Ti Titanium 4.54 5650 (1.565×1020 kg) 11.1–11.7 50.5–53.1 2020 SMM[35][d] Min. 99.6% pure titanium sponge.
23 V Vanadium 6.11 120 (3.324×1018 kg) 357–385 2180–2350 2020 SMM[36][d] Min. 99.5% pure.
24 Cr Chromium 7.15 102 (2.825×1018 kg) 9.40 67.2 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.2% pure.
25 Mn Manganese 7.44 950 (2.632×1019 kg) 1.82 13.6 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Electrolytic manganese, min. 99.7% pure.
26 Fe Iron 7.874 56300 (1.565×1021 kg) 0.424 3.34 2020 SMM[37][d] L8-10 pig iron. At Tangshan, China.
27 Co Cobalt 8.86 25 (6.925×1017 kg) 32.8 291 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Spot price. Min. 99.8% pure. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
28 Ni Nickel 8.912 84 (2.327×1018 kg) 13.9 124 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Primary nickel. Spot price. Min. 99.8% pure. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
29 Cu Copper 8.96 60 (1.662×1018 kg) 6.00 53.8 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Spot price. Grade A.[38] At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
30 Zn Zinc 7.134 70 (1.939×1018 kg) 2.55 18.2 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.995% pure special high grade zinc metal. Spot price. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
31 Ga Gallium 5.907 19 (5.263×1017 kg) 148 872 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.99% pure. Free on Board China.
32 Ge Germanium 5.323 1.5 (4.155×1016 kg) 914–1010 4860–5390 2020 SMM[39][d] Ingot. 50 Ω/cm.
33 As Arsenic 5.776 1.8 (4.986×1016 kg) 0.999–1.31 5.77–7.58 2020 SMM[40][d] Min. 99.5% pure.
34 Se Selenium 4.809 0.05 (1.385×1015 kg) 21.4 103 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Selenium powder, min. 99.9% pure.
35 Br Bromine 3.122 2.4 (6.648×1016 kg) 4.39 13.7 2019 CEIC Data[18][f]
36 Kr Krypton 0.003733 1×10−4 (2.77×1012 kg) 290 1.1 1999 Ullmann[26] Approximate European price for buying small quantities.
37 Rb Rubidium 1.532 90 (2.493×1018 kg) 15500 23700 2018 USGS MCS[14] 100 g ampoules of 99.75% pure rubidium metal.
38 Sr Strontium 2.64 370 (1.025×1019 kg) 6.53–6.68 17.2–17.6 2019 ISE 2019[41] Min. 99% pure, Ex Works China.
39 Y Yttrium 4.469 33 (9.141×1017 kg) 31.0 139 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
40 Zr Zirconium 6.506 165 (4.571×1018 kg) 35.7–37.1 232–241 2020 SMM[42][d] Zirconium sponge, min. 99% pure.
41 Nb Niobium 8.57 20 (5.54×1017 kg) 61.4–85.6 526–734 2020 SMM[43][d] Min. 99.9% pure.
42 Mo Molybdenum 10.22 1.2 (3.324×1016 kg) 40.1 410 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.95% pure.
43 Tc Technetium 11.5 ~ 3×10−9[i] (8.31×107 kg) 100000 1200000 2004[j] CRC Handbook[k]
43 99mTc Technetium-99m 11.5 1.9×1012 22×1012 2008 NRC[46] In the form of medical doses of sodium pertechnetate made on-site in technetium-99m generators. Price per technetium contained. Range of prices for medical doses available in the United States. Technetium-99m has half-life of 6 hours, which limits its ability to be directly traded.
44 Ru Ruthenium 12.37 0.001 (2.77×1013 kg) 10400 – 10600 129000 – 131000 2020 SMM[47][d] 99.95% pure.
45 Rh Rhodium 12.41 0.001 (2.77×1013 kg) 147000 1820000 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] 99.95% pure.
46 Pd Palladium 12.02 0.015 (4.155×1014 kg) 49500 595000 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] 99.95% pure. London bullion market afternoon fix. In warehouse.
47 Ag Silver 10.501 0.075 (2.0775×1015 kg) 521 5470 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] 99.5% pure. Spot price. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
48 Cd Cadmium 8.69 0.159 (4.4043×1015 kg) 2.73 23.8 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Ingot, min. 99.99% pure.
49 In Indium 7.31 0.25 (6.925×1015 kg) 167 1220 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.99% pure.
50 Sn Tin 7.287 2.3 (6.371×1016 kg) 18.7 136 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.85% pure. Spot price. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
51 Sb Antimony 6.685 0.2 (5.54×1015 kg) 5.79 38.7 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Ingot, min. 99.65% pure.
52 Te Tellurium 6.232 0.001 (2.77×1013 kg) 63.5 396 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.99% pure. Europe.
53 I Iodine 4.93 0.45 (1.2465×1016 kg) 35 173 2019 Industrial Minerals[48] Min 99.5% pure. Spot market price on 2 August 2019.
54 Xe Xenon 0.005887 3×10−5 (8.31×1011 kg) 1800 11 1999 Ullmann[26] Approximate European price for buying small quantities.
55 Cs Caesium 1.873 3 (8.31×1016 kg) 61800 116000 2018 USGS MCS[14] 1 g ampoules of 99.8% pure caesium.
56 Ba Barium 3.594 425 (1.177×1019 kg) 0.246–0.275 0.886–0.990 2016 USGS MYB 2016[49] In the form of chemical-grade barite (barium sulfate) exported from China to United States. Price per barium contained, includes cost, insurance, and freight. Barium sulfate is the primary feedstock for production of barium chemicals.[50]
57 La Lanthanum 6.145 39 (1.08×1018 kg) 4.78–4.92 29.4–30.3 2020 SMM[51][d] Min. 99% pure.
58 Ce Cerium 6.77 66.5 (1.84205×1018 kg) 4.57–4.71 30.9–31.9 2020 SMM[52][d] Min. 99% pure.
59 Pr Praseodymium 6.773 9.2 (2.5484×1017 kg) 103 695 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
60 Nd Neodymium 7.007 41.5 (1.14955×1018 kg) 57.5 403 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
61 147Pm Promethium-147 7.26 460000 3400000 2003 Radiochemistry Society[53] From Periodic Table of the Elements published on website of Radiochemistry Society. There is no further information as to source or specifics of this price.
62 Sm Samarium 7.52 7.05 (1.95285×1017 kg) 13.9 104 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
63 Eu Europium 5.243 2 (5.54×1016 kg) 31.4 165 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.999% pure.
64 Gd Gadolinium 7.895 6.2 (1.7174×1017 kg) 28.6 226 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.5% pure.
65 Tb Terbium 8.229 1.2 (3.324×1016 kg) 658 5410 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
66 Dy Dysprosium 8.55 5.2 (1.4404×1017 kg) 307 2630 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99% pure, Free on Board China.
67 Ho Holmium 8.795 1.3 (3.601×1016 kg) 57.1 503 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.5% pure.
68 Er Erbium 9.066 3.5 (9.695×1016 kg) 26.4 240 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.5% pure.
69 Tm Thulium 9.321 0.52 (1.4404×1016 kg) 3000 28000 2003 IMAR[54][l] Price quotes from Canadian producer, for 1 kg order. 99.5–99.99% purity, Free on Board Vancouver, Canada.
70 Yb Ytterbium 6.965 3.2 (8.864×1016 kg) 17.1 119 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.99% pure.
71 Lu Lutetium 9.84 0.8 (2.216×1016 kg) 643 6330 2020 ISE 2020[34][h] Min. 99.99% pure.
72 Hf Hafnium 13.31 3 (8.31×1016 kg) 900 12000 2017 USGS MCS[14] Unwrought hafnium.
73 Ta Tantalum 16.654 2 (5.54×1016 kg) 298–312 4960–5200 2019 ISE 2019[41] Min. 99.95% pure. Ex Works China.
74 W Tungsten 19.25 1.3 (3.601×1016 kg) 35.3 679 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Powder, particle size 2–10 µm, 99.7% pure. Free on Board China.
75 Re Rhenium 21.02 7×10−4 (1.939×1013 kg) 3010–4150 63300 – 87300 2020 SMM[55][d] 99.99% pure.
76 Os Osmium 22.61 0.002 (5.54×1013 kg) 12000 280000 2016 Fastmarkets[m]
77 Ir Iridium 22.56 0.001 (2.77×1013 kg) 55500 – 56200 1250000 – 1270000 2020 SMM[58][d] 99.95% pure.
78 Pt Platinum 21.46 0.005 (1.385×1014 kg) 27800 596000 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] 99.95% pure. London bullion market morning fix. In warehouse.
79 Au Gold 19.282 0.004 (1.108×1014 kg) 75430 1454441 2024 London gold fix 99.9% pure. Afternoon London gold fix.
80 Hg Mercury 13.5336 0.085 (2.3545×1015 kg) 30.2 409 2017 USGS MCS[14] Average European Union price of 99.99% pure mercury.
81 Tl Thallium 11.85 0.85 (2.3545×1016 kg) 4200 49800 2017 USGS MCS[14]
82 Pb Lead 11.342 14 (3.878×1017 kg) 2.00 22.6 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Min. 99.97% pure. Spot price. At London Metal Exchange warehouse.
83 Bi Bismuth 9.807 0.009 (2.493×1014 kg) 6.36 62.4 2019 Preismonitor[20][g] Refined bismuth, min. 99.99% pure.
84 209Po Polonium-209 9.32 49.2×1012 458×1012 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
85 At Astatine 7 3×10−20[i] (8.31×10−4 kg) Not traded. Only under a tenth of microgram of astatine has ever been produced.[44] Most stable isotope has half-life of 8.1 hours.
86 Rn Radon 0.00973 4×10−13[i] (1.108×104 kg) Not traded. Used in brachytherapy until 1960s,[59] currently radon is not used commercially.[60]
87 Fr Francium 1.87 ~ 1×10−18[i] (2.77×10−2 kg) Not traded. Only quantities of the order of millions of atoms have been obtained for research.[61] Most stable isotope, 223Fr, has half-life of 22 minutes. Francium has no commercial or medical uses.[60]
88 Ra Radium 5.5 9×10−7[i] (2.493×1010 kg) Negative price. Radium was historically used in the treatment of cancer, but stopped being used when more effective treatments were introduced. As medical facilities had to pay for its disposal, its price can be considered negative.[62]
89 225Ac Actinium-225 10.07 29×1012 290×1012 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
90 Th Thorium 11.72 9.6 (2.6592×1017 kg) 287 3360 2010 USGS MYB 2012[63] As 99.9% pure thorium oxide, price per thorium contained. Free on Board port of entry, duty paid.
91 Pa Protactinium 15.37 1.4×10−6[i] (3.878×1010 kg) No reliable price available. In 1959–1961 Great Britain Atomic Energy Authority produced 125 g of 99.9% pure protactinium at a cost of $500000, giving the cost of 4000000 USD per kg.[44] Periodic Table of Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory website at one point listed protactinium-231 as available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at a price of 280000 USD/kg.[64]
92 U Uranium 18.95 2.7 (7.479×1016 kg) 101 1910 2018 EIA Uranium Marketing[65] Mainly as triuranium octoxide, price per uranium contained.
93 Np Neptunium 20.45 ≤ 3×10−12[i] (8.31×104 kg) 660000 13500000 2003[j] Pomona[66] Periodic Table published by Pomona College Chemistry Department lists neptunium-237 as available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at 660 USD/g plus packing costs.
94 239Pu Plutonium-239 19.84 6490000 129000000 2019 DOE OSTI[67] Certified reference material sample in the form of plutonium(IV) oxide, price per plutonium-239 contained.
95 241Am Americium-241 13.69 0 728000 9970000 1998 NWA[68][o] Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory as reported in Nuclear Weapons FAQ.
95 243Am Americium-243 13.69 0 750000 10300000 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
96 244Cm Curium-244 13.51 0 185000000 2.50×109 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
96 248Cm Curium-248 13.51 0 160×109 2.16×1012 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
97 249Bk Berkelium-249 14.79 0 185×109 2.74×1012 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
98 249Cf Californium-249 15.1 0 185×109 2.79×1012 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
98 252Cf Californium-252 15.1 0 60.0×109 906×109 2004[j] CRC Handbook (ORNL)[n]
99 Es Einsteinium 8.84 0 Not traded. Only microgram quantities have ever been produced.[44] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 471.7 days.
100 Fm Fermium (9.7) 0 Not traded. Only tracer amounts have ever been produced.[44][69]: 13.2.6.  Most stable known isotope has half-life of 100.5 days.
101 Md Mendelevium (10.3) 0 Not traded. Only around 106 atoms have been produced in experiments.[69]: 13.3.6.  Most stable known isotope has half-life of 51 days.
102 No Nobelium (9.9) 0 Not traded. Only around 105 atoms have been produced in experiments.[69]: 13.4.6.  Most stable known isotope has half-life of 58 minutes.
103 Lr Lawrencium (15.6) 0 Not traded. Only around 1000 atoms have been produced in experiments.[69]: 13.5.6.  Most stable known isotope has half-life of 11 hours.
104 Rf Rutherfordium (23.2) 0 Not traded. Only a few thousand atoms have been produced in experiments.[44] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 2.5 hours.
105 Db Dubnium (29.3) 0 Not traded. Atoms of dubnium have been prepared experimentally at a rate of at most one per minute.[70] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 29 hours.
106 Sg Seaborgium (35.0) 0 Not traded. Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments.[71] The most stable known isotope has half-life of 14 minutes.
107 Bh Bohrium (37.1) 0 Not traded. Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments.[72] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 1 minute.
108 Hs Hassium (40.7) 0 Not traded. Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments.[72] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 16 seconds.
109 Mt Meitnerium (37.4) 0 Not traded. Only produced in experiments on a per-atom basis.[73] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 8 seconds.
110 Ds Darmstadtium (34.8) 0 Not traded. Only produced in experiments on a per-atom basis.[73] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 9.6 seconds.
111 Rg Roentgenium (28.7) 0 Not traded. Only produced in experiments on a per-atom basis.[73] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 2.1 minutes.
112 Cn Copernicium (14.0) 0 Not traded. Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments.[72] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 29 seconds.
113 Nh Nihonium (16) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 8 seconds.
114 Fl Flerovium (9.928) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 1.9 seconds.
115 Mc Moscovium (13.5) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 0.65 seconds.
116 Lv Livermorium (12.9) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 53 ms.
117 Ts Tennessine (7.2) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 51 ms.
118 Og Oganesson (7) 0 Not traded. As of 2015, less than ten atoms have been produced in experiments.[74] Most stable known isotope has half-life of 0.7 ms.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Density for 0 °C, 101.325 kPa.[3] For individual isotopes except deuterium, density of base element is used. Values in parentheses are theoretical predictions.
  2. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay.
  3. ^ Price per volume for 0 °C, 101.325 kPa, pure element. For individual isotopes except deuterium, density of base element is used.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Spot market price range on 3 February 2020.
  5. ^ Market price on 5 February 2020
  6. ^ a b c d Average price in November 2019. Data from China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Price average for entire year 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Market price on 4 February 2020
  9. ^ a b c d e f g This element is transient – it occurs only through decay (and in the case of plutonium, also in traces deposited from supernovae onto Earth).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j or earlier
  11. ^ The values reported are present in 85th edition of CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics[44] (and possibly earlier) and remain unchanged to at least 97th edition.[45]
  12. ^ Source lists prices of other rare earth elements (some of which are significantly different than the ones presented in table above):
    • lanthanum – 25 USD/kg
    • cerium – 30 USD/kg
    • praseodymium – 70 USD/kg
    • neodymium – 30 USD/kg
    • samarium – 80 USD/kg
    • europium – 1600 USD/kg
    • gadolinium – 78 USD/kg
    • terbium – 630 USD/kg
    • dysprosium – 120 USD/kg
    • holmium – 350 USD/kg
    • erbium – 180 USD/kg
    • thulium – 3000 USD/kg
    • ytterbium – 484 USD/kg
    • lutetium – 4000 USD/kg
    • yttrium – 96 USD/kg
  13. ^ Fastmarkets Price[56] and Chart[57] Creator. Mid-market price from price table. Year of latest price data (2016) read from chart. Archived: , chart (, , , data points)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory as reported in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Price does not include packing costs. The values reported are present in Handbook's 85th edition[44] (and possibly earlier) and remain unchanged to at least 97th edition.[45]
  15. ^ This source also lists price of Americium-243 as 180 USD/mg, which is much higher than reported in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and used in this table.

References edit

  1. ^ Aleklett, K.; Morrissey, D.; Loveland, W.; McGaughey, P.; Seaborg, G. (1981). "Energy dependence of 209Bi fragmentation in relativistic nuclear collisions". Physical Review C. 23 (3): 1044. Bibcode:1981PhRvC..23.1044A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.23.1044.
  2. ^ Matthews, Robert (2 December 2001). "The Philosopher's Stone". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  3. ^ See: Densities of the elements (data page)
  4. ^ Antweiler, Werner. "Foreign Currency Units per 1 European Euro, 1999-2018" (PDF). PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service. University of British Columbia. (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-28.
  5. ^ a b c Antweiler, Werner. "Database Retrieval System". PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service. University of British Columbia. from the original on 2020-07-26.
  6. ^ "USD / RMB". price.metal.com. Shanghai Metals Market. 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03.
  7. ^ Values used for currency conversion:
    • Euro: 1999 – 1.0654 USD/EUR[4]
    • Renminbi: September 2013 – 0.16340 USD/CNY,[5] December 2017 – 0.15159 USD/CNY,[5] November 2019 – 0.14241 USD/CNY,[5] 3 February 2019 – 0.14273 USD/CNY[6]
  8. ^ Dillich, Sara; Ramsden, Todd; Melaina, Marc (19 September 2012). Satyapal, Sunita (ed.). DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record #12024: Hydrogen Production Cost Using Low-Cost Natural Gas (PDF) (Report). United States Department of Energy. p. 5. (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-15.
  9. ^ "DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program: DOE H2A Production Analysis". Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program. United States Department of Energy. from the original on 2012-03-06.
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April 12, 2024
prices, chemical, elements, also, diamonds, investment, also, scandium, price, also, rhodium, mining, price, also, palladium, investment, also, silver, investment, also, price, exchanges, also, iridium, production, also, platinum, investment, also, gold, inves. See also Diamonds as an investment See also Scandium Price See also Rhodium Mining and price See also Palladium as an investment See also Silver as an investment See also Tin Price and exchanges See also Iridium Production See also Platinum as an investment See also Gold as an investment See also Bismuth Price See also Uranium market This is a list of prices of chemical elements Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities Data on elements abundance in Earth s crust is added for comparison As of 2020 update the most expensive non synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium It is followed by caesium iridium and palladium by mass and iridium gold and platinum by volume Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium Per kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars While the difficulty of obtaining macroscopic samples of synthetic elements in part explains their high value there has been interest in converting base metals to gold Chrysopoeia since ancient times but only deeper understanding of nuclear physics has allowed the actual production of a tiny amount of gold from other elements for research purposes as demonstrated by Glenn Seaborg 1 2 However both this and other routes of synthesis of precious metals via nuclear reactions is orders of magnitude removed from economic viability Chlorine sulfur and carbon as coal are cheapest by mass Hydrogen nitrogen oxygen and chlorine are cheapest by volume at atmospheric pressure When there is no public data on the element in its pure form price of a compound is used per mass of element contained This implicitly puts the value of compounds other constituents and the cost of extraction of the element at zero For elements whose radiological properties are important individual isotopes and isomers are listed The price listing for radioisotopes is not exhaustive Contents 1 Chart 2 See also 3 Notes 4 ReferencesChart editZ Symbol Name Density a kg L Abundance and total mass in Earth s crust b mg kg Price 7 Year Source NotesUSD kg USD L c 1 H Hydrogen 0 00008988 1400 3 878 1019 kg 1 39 0 000125 2012 DOE Hydrogen 8 Prices of hydrogen produced by distributed steam methane reforming as predicted by H2A Production Model from United States Department of Energy 9 assuming price of natural gas of US 3 MMBtu US 10 MWh US 0 10 m3 Does not include cost of storage and distribution 1 2H D Deuterium 0 0001667 10 13400 2 23 2020 CIL 11 99 8 pure compressed deuterium gas in lot size of 850 L 142 g Also sold by same supplier in the form of heavy water at price of 3940 USD per kg deuterium 12 In 2016 Iran sold 32 tons of heavy water to United States for 1336 USD per kg deuterium 13 2 He Helium 0 0001785 0 008 2 216 1014 kg 24 0 0 00429 2018 USGS MCS 14 Crude helium sold to non government users in United States in 2018 In the same year stockpiles of US government helium were sold on auctions for average price of US 0 00989 L 15 3 Li Lithium 0 534 20 5 54 1017 kg 81 4 85 6 43 4 45 7 2020 SMM 16 d Min 99 pure 4 Be Beryllium 1 85 2 8 7 756 1016 kg 857 1590 2020 ISE 2020 17 e Min 99 pure 5 B Boron 2 34 10 2 77 1017 kg 3 68 8 62 2019 CEIC Data 18 f In the form of boric acid price per boron contained Min 99 pure 6 C Carbon 2 267 200 5 54 1018 kg 0 122 0 28 2018 EIA Coal 19 In the form of anthracite price per carbon contained assuming 90 carbon content There is a wide variation of price of carbon depending on its form Lower ranks of coal can be less expensive for example sub bituminous coal can cost around US 0 038 kg carbon 19 Graphite flakes can cost around US 0 9 kg carbon 20 Price of synthetic industrial diamond for grinding and polishing can range from 1200 to 13300 USD kg while cost per weight of large synthetic diamonds for industrial applications can be on the order of million dollars per kilogram 21 7 N Nitrogen 0 0012506 19 5 263 1017 kg 0 140 0 000175 2001 Hypertextbook 24 As liquid nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 0 001429 461000 1 277 1022 kg 0 154 0 000220 2001 Hypertextbook 24 As liquid oxygen 9 F Fluorine 0 001696 585 1 62 1019 kg 1 84 2 16 0 00311 0 00365 2017 Echemi 25 In the form of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid price per fluorine contained Range of prices on Chinese market week of 1 7 December 2017 10 Ne Neon 0 0008999 0 005 1 385 1014 kg 240 0 21 1999 Ullmann 26 Approximate European price for buying small quantities 11 Na Sodium 0 971 23600 6 537 1020 kg 2 57 3 43 2 49 3 33 2020 SMM 27 d Min 99 7 pure industrial grade sodium 12 Mg Magnesium 1 738 23300 6 454 1020 kg 2 32 4 03 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 9 pure 13 Al Aluminium 2 698 82300 2 28 1021 kg 1 79 4 84 2019 Preismonitor 20 g High grade primary aluminium at London Metal Exchange warehouse 14 Si Silicon 2 3296 282000 7 811 1021 kg 1 70 3 97 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 1 pure max 0 4 iron 0 4 aluminium 0 1 calcium 28 10 100 mm 15 P Phosphorus 1 82 1050 2 909 1019 kg 2 69 4 90 2019 CEIC Data 18 f Min 99 9 pure yellow phosphorus 16 S Sulfur 2 067 350 9 695 1018 kg 0 0926 0 191 2019 CEIC Data 18 f 17 Cl Chlorine 0 003214 145 4 075 1018 kg 0 082 0 00026 2013 CnAgri 29 As chlorine is manufactured together with sodium hydroxide in chloralkali process relative demand for one product changes the price for the other When demand for sodium hydroxide is relatively high chlorine price can fall to arbitrarily low levels even to zero 30 18 Ar Argon 0 0017837 3 5 9 695 1016 kg 0 931 0 00166 2019 UNLV 31 Liquid argon supply contract for University of Nevada Las Vegas 19 K Potassium 0 862 20900 5 789 1020 kg 12 1 13 6 10 5 11 7 2020 SMM 32 d Min 98 5 pure industrial grade potassium 20 Ca Calcium 1 54 41500 1 15 1021 kg 2 21 2 35 3 41 3 63 2020 SMM 33 d Blocks of 98 5 pure calcium obtained by reduction process 21 Sc Scandium 2 989 22 6 094 1017 kg 3460 10300 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 99 pure 22 Ti Titanium 4 54 5650 1 565 1020 kg 11 1 11 7 50 5 53 1 2020 SMM 35 d Min 99 6 pure titanium sponge 23 V Vanadium 6 11 120 3 324 1018 kg 357 385 2180 2350 2020 SMM 36 d Min 99 5 pure 24 Cr Chromium 7 15 102 2 825 1018 kg 9 40 67 2 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 2 pure 25 Mn Manganese 7 44 950 2 632 1019 kg 1 82 13 6 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Electrolytic manganese min 99 7 pure 26 Fe Iron 7 874 56300 1 565 1021 kg 0 424 3 34 2020 SMM 37 d L8 10 pig iron At Tangshan China 27 Co Cobalt 8 86 25 6 925 1017 kg 32 8 291 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Spot price Min 99 8 pure At London Metal Exchange warehouse 28 Ni Nickel 8 912 84 2 327 1018 kg 13 9 124 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Primary nickel Spot price Min 99 8 pure At London Metal Exchange warehouse 29 Cu Copper 8 96 60 1 662 1018 kg 6 00 53 8 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Spot price Grade A 38 At London Metal Exchange warehouse 30 Zn Zinc 7 134 70 1 939 1018 kg 2 55 18 2 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 995 pure special high grade zinc metal Spot price At London Metal Exchange warehouse 31 Ga Gallium 5 907 19 5 263 1017 kg 148 872 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 99 pure Free on Board China 32 Ge Germanium 5 323 1 5 4 155 1016 kg 914 1010 4860 5390 2020 SMM 39 d Ingot 50 W cm 33 As Arsenic 5 776 1 8 4 986 1016 kg 0 999 1 31 5 77 7 58 2020 SMM 40 d Min 99 5 pure 34 Se Selenium 4 809 0 05 1 385 1015 kg 21 4 103 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Selenium powder min 99 9 pure 35 Br Bromine 3 122 2 4 6 648 1016 kg 4 39 13 7 2019 CEIC Data 18 f 36 Kr Krypton 0 003733 1 10 4 2 77 1012 kg 290 1 1 1999 Ullmann 26 Approximate European price for buying small quantities 37 Rb Rubidium 1 532 90 2 493 1018 kg 15500 23700 2018 USGS MCS 14 100 g ampoules of 99 75 pure rubidium metal 38 Sr Strontium 2 64 370 1 025 1019 kg 6 53 6 68 17 2 17 6 2019 ISE 2019 41 Min 99 pure Ex Works China 39 Y Yttrium 4 469 33 9 141 1017 kg 31 0 139 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 40 Zr Zirconium 6 506 165 4 571 1018 kg 35 7 37 1 232 241 2020 SMM 42 d Zirconium sponge min 99 pure 41 Nb Niobium 8 57 20 5 54 1017 kg 61 4 85 6 526 734 2020 SMM 43 d Min 99 9 pure 42 Mo Molybdenum 10 22 1 2 3 324 1016 kg 40 1 410 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 95 pure 43 Tc Technetium 11 5 3 10 9 i 8 31 107 kg 100000 1200 000 2004 j CRC Handbook k 43 99mTc Technetium 99m 11 5 1 9 1012 22 1012 2008 NRC 46 In the form of medical doses of sodium pertechnetate made on site in technetium 99m generators Price per technetium contained Range of prices for medical doses available in the United States Technetium 99m has half life of 6 hours which limits its ability to be directly traded 44 Ru Ruthenium 12 37 0 001 2 77 1013 kg 10400 10600 129000 131000 2020 SMM 47 d 99 95 pure 45 Rh Rhodium 12 41 0 001 2 77 1013 kg 147000 1820 000 2019 Preismonitor 20 g 99 95 pure 46 Pd Palladium 12 02 0 015 4 155 1014 kg 49500 595000 2019 Preismonitor 20 g 99 95 pure London bullion market afternoon fix In warehouse 47 Ag Silver 10 501 0 075 2 0775 1015 kg 521 5470 2019 Preismonitor 20 g 99 5 pure Spot price At London Metal Exchange warehouse 48 Cd Cadmium 8 69 0 159 4 4043 1015 kg 2 73 23 8 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Ingot min 99 99 pure 49 In Indium 7 31 0 25 6 925 1015 kg 167 1220 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 99 pure 50 Sn Tin 7 287 2 3 6 371 1016 kg 18 7 136 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 85 pure Spot price At London Metal Exchange warehouse 51 Sb Antimony 6 685 0 2 5 54 1015 kg 5 79 38 7 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Ingot min 99 65 pure 52 Te Tellurium 6 232 0 001 2 77 1013 kg 63 5 396 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 99 pure Europe 53 I Iodine 4 93 0 45 1 2465 1016 kg 35 173 2019 Industrial Minerals 48 Min 99 5 pure Spot market price on 2 August 2019 54 Xe Xenon 0 005887 3 10 5 8 31 1011 kg 1800 11 1999 Ullmann 26 Approximate European price for buying small quantities 55 Cs Caesium 1 873 3 8 31 1016 kg 61800 116000 2018 USGS MCS 14 1 g ampoules of 99 8 pure caesium 56 Ba Barium 3 594 425 1 177 1019 kg 0 246 0 275 0 886 0 990 2016 USGS MYB 2016 49 In the form of chemical grade barite barium sulfate exported from China to United States Price per barium contained includes cost insurance and freight Barium sulfate is the primary feedstock for production of barium chemicals 50 57 La Lanthanum 6 145 39 1 08 1018 kg 4 78 4 92 29 4 30 3 2020 SMM 51 d Min 99 pure 58 Ce Cerium 6 77 66 5 1 84205 1018 kg 4 57 4 71 30 9 31 9 2020 SMM 52 d Min 99 pure 59 Pr Praseodymium 6 773 9 2 2 5484 1017 kg 103 695 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 60 Nd Neodymium 7 007 41 5 1 14955 1018 kg 57 5 403 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 61 147Pm Promethium 147 7 26 460000 3400 000 2003 Radiochemistry Society 53 From Periodic Table of the Elements published on website of Radiochemistry Society There is no further information as to source or specifics of this price 62 Sm Samarium 7 52 7 05 1 95285 1017 kg 13 9 104 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 63 Eu Europium 5 243 2 5 54 1016 kg 31 4 165 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 999 pure 64 Gd Gadolinium 7 895 6 2 1 7174 1017 kg 28 6 226 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 5 pure 65 Tb Terbium 8 229 1 2 3 324 1016 kg 658 5410 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 66 Dy Dysprosium 8 55 5 2 1 4404 1017 kg 307 2630 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 pure Free on Board China 67 Ho Holmium 8 795 1 3 3 601 1016 kg 57 1 503 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 5 pure 68 Er Erbium 9 066 3 5 9 695 1016 kg 26 4 240 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 5 pure 69 Tm Thulium 9 321 0 52 1 4404 1016 kg 3000 28000 2003 IMAR 54 l Price quotes from Canadian producer for 1 kg order 99 5 99 99 purity Free on Board Vancouver Canada 70 Yb Ytterbium 6 965 3 2 8 864 1016 kg 17 1 119 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 99 pure 71 Lu Lutetium 9 84 0 8 2 216 1016 kg 643 6330 2020 ISE 2020 34 h Min 99 99 pure 72 Hf Hafnium 13 31 3 8 31 1016 kg 900 12000 2017 USGS MCS 14 Unwrought hafnium 73 Ta Tantalum 16 654 2 5 54 1016 kg 298 312 4960 5200 2019 ISE 2019 41 Min 99 95 pure Ex Works China 74 W Tungsten 19 25 1 3 3 601 1016 kg 35 3 679 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Powder particle size 2 10 µm 99 7 pure Free on Board China 75 Re Rhenium 21 02 7 10 4 1 939 1013 kg 3010 4150 63300 87300 2020 SMM 55 d 99 99 pure 76 Os Osmium 22 61 0 002 5 54 1013 kg 12000 280000 2016 Fastmarkets m 77 Ir Iridium 22 56 0 001 2 77 1013 kg 55500 56200 1250 000 1270 000 2020 SMM 58 d 99 95 pure 78 Pt Platinum 21 46 0 005 1 385 1014 kg 27800 596000 2019 Preismonitor 20 g 99 95 pure London bullion market morning fix In warehouse 79 Au Gold 19 282 0 004 1 108 1014 kg 75430 1454 441 2024 London gold fix 99 9 pure Afternoon London gold fix 80 Hg Mercury 13 5336 0 085 2 3545 1015 kg 30 2 409 2017 USGS MCS 14 Average European Union price of 99 99 pure mercury 81 Tl Thallium 11 85 0 85 2 3545 1016 kg 4200 49800 2017 USGS MCS 14 82 Pb Lead 11 342 14 3 878 1017 kg 2 00 22 6 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Min 99 97 pure Spot price At London Metal Exchange warehouse 83 Bi Bismuth 9 807 0 009 2 493 1014 kg 6 36 62 4 2019 Preismonitor 20 g Refined bismuth min 99 99 pure 84 209Po Polonium 209 9 32 49 2 1012 458 1012 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 85 At Astatine 7 3 10 20 i 8 31 10 4 kg Not traded Only under a tenth of microgram of astatine has ever been produced 44 Most stable isotope has half life of 8 1 hours 86 Rn Radon 0 00973 4 10 13 i 1 108 104 kg Not traded Used in brachytherapy until 1960s 59 currently radon is not used commercially 60 87 Fr Francium 1 87 1 10 18 i 2 77 10 2 kg Not traded Only quantities of the order of millions of atoms have been obtained for research 61 Most stable isotope 223Fr has half life of 22 minutes Francium has no commercial or medical uses 60 88 Ra Radium 5 5 9 10 7 i 2 493 1010 kg Negative price Radium was historically used in the treatment of cancer but stopped being used when more effective treatments were introduced As medical facilities had to pay for its disposal its price can be considered negative 62 89 225Ac Actinium 225 10 07 29 1012 290 1012 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 90 Th Thorium 11 72 9 6 2 6592 1017 kg 287 3360 2010 USGS MYB 2012 63 As 99 9 pure thorium oxide price per thorium contained Free on Board port of entry duty paid 91 Pa Protactinium 15 37 1 4 10 6 i 3 878 1010 kg No reliable price available In 1959 1961 Great Britain Atomic Energy Authority produced 125 g of 99 9 pure protactinium at a cost of 500000 giving the cost of 4000 000 USD per kg 44 Periodic Table of Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory website at one point listed protactinium 231 as available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at a price of 280000 USD kg 64 92 U Uranium 18 95 2 7 7 479 1016 kg 101 1910 2018 EIA Uranium Marketing 65 Mainly as triuranium octoxide price per uranium contained 93 Np Neptunium 20 45 3 10 12 i 8 31 104 kg 660000 13500 000 2003 j Pomona 66 Periodic Table published by Pomona College Chemistry Department lists neptunium 237 as available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at 660 USD g plus packing costs 94 239Pu Plutonium 239 19 84 6490 000 129000 000 2019 DOE OSTI 67 Certified reference material sample in the form of plutonium IV oxide price per plutonium 239 contained 95 241Am Americium 241 13 69 0 728000 9970 000 1998 NWA 68 o Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory as reported in Nuclear Weapons FAQ 95 243Am Americium 243 13 69 0 750000 10300 000 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 96 244Cm Curium 244 13 51 0 185000 000 2 50 109 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 96 248Cm Curium 248 13 51 0 160 109 2 16 1012 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 97 249Bk Berkelium 249 14 79 0 185 109 2 74 1012 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 98 249Cf Californium 249 15 1 0 185 109 2 79 1012 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 98 252Cf Californium 252 15 1 0 60 0 109 906 109 2004 j CRC Handbook ORNL n 99 Es Einsteinium 8 84 0 Not traded Only microgram quantities have ever been produced 44 Most stable known isotope has half life of 471 7 days 100 Fm Fermium 9 7 0 Not traded Only tracer amounts have ever been produced 44 69 13 2 6 Most stable known isotope has half life of 100 5 days 101 Md Mendelevium 10 3 0 Not traded Only around 106 atoms have been produced in experiments 69 13 3 6 Most stable known isotope has half life of 51 days 102 No Nobelium 9 9 0 Not traded Only around 105 atoms have been produced in experiments 69 13 4 6 Most stable known isotope has half life of 58 minutes 103 Lr Lawrencium 15 6 0 Not traded Only around 1000 atoms have been produced in experiments 69 13 5 6 Most stable known isotope has half life of 11 hours 104 Rf Rutherfordium 23 2 0 Not traded Only a few thousand atoms have been produced in experiments 44 Most stable known isotope has half life of 2 5 hours 105 Db Dubnium 29 3 0 Not traded Atoms of dubnium have been prepared experimentally at a rate of at most one per minute 70 Most stable known isotope has half life of 29 hours 106 Sg Seaborgium 35 0 0 Not traded Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments 71 The most stable known isotope has half life of 14 minutes 107 Bh Bohrium 37 1 0 Not traded Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments 72 Most stable known isotope has half life of 1 minute 108 Hs Hassium 40 7 0 Not traded Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments 72 Most stable known isotope has half life of 16 seconds 109 Mt Meitnerium 37 4 0 Not traded Only produced in experiments on a per atom basis 73 Most stable known isotope has half life of 8 seconds 110 Ds Darmstadtium 34 8 0 Not traded Only produced in experiments on a per atom basis 73 Most stable known isotope has half life of 9 6 seconds 111 Rg Roentgenium 28 7 0 Not traded Only produced in experiments on a per atom basis 73 Most stable known isotope has half life of 2 1 minutes 112 Cn Copernicium 14 0 0 Not traded Only tens of atoms have been produced in experiments 72 Most stable known isotope has half life of 29 seconds 113 Nh Nihonium 16 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 8 seconds 114 Fl Flerovium 9 928 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 1 9 seconds 115 Mc Moscovium 13 5 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 0 65 seconds 116 Lv Livermorium 12 9 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 53 ms 117 Ts Tennessine 7 2 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than 100 atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 51 ms 118 Og Oganesson 7 0 Not traded As of 2015 less than ten atoms have been produced in experiments 74 Most stable known isotope has half life of 0 7 ms See also edit2000s commodities boomNotes edit Density for 0 C 101 325 kPa 3 For individual isotopes except deuterium density of base element is used Values in parentheses are theoretical predictions Unless otherwise indicated elements are primordial they occur naturally and not through decay Price per volume for 0 C 101 325 kPa pure element For individual isotopes except deuterium density of base element is used a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Spot market price range on 3 February 2020 Market price on 5 February 2020 a b c d Average price in November 2019 Data from China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Price average for entire year 2019 a b c d e f g Market price on 4 February 2020 a b c d e f g This element is transient it occurs only through decay and in the case of plutonium also in traces deposited from supernovae onto Earth a b c d e f g h i j or earlier The values reported are present in 85th edition of CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44 and possibly earlier and remain unchanged to at least 97th edition 45 Source lists prices of other rare earth elements some of which are significantly different than the ones presented in table above lanthanum 25 USD kg cerium 30 USD kg praseodymium 70 USD kg neodymium 30 USD kg samarium 80 USD kg europium 1600 USD kg gadolinium 78 USD kg terbium 630 USD kg dysprosium 120 USD kg holmium 350 USD kg erbium 180 USD kg thulium 3000 USD kg ytterbium 484 USD kg lutetium 4000 USD kg yttrium 96 USD kg Fastmarkets Price 56 and Chart 57 Creator Mid market price from price table Year of latest price data 2016 read from chart Archived table chart 5 7 50 1200 data points a b c d e f g h Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory as reported in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Price does not include packing costs The values reported are present in Handbook s 85th edition 44 and possibly earlier and remain unchanged to at least 97th edition 45 This source also lists price of Americium 243 as 180 USD mg which is much higher than reported in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and used in this table References edit Aleklett K Morrissey D Loveland W McGaughey P Seaborg G 1981 Energy dependence of 209Bi fragmentation in relativistic nuclear collisions Physical Review C 23 3 1044 Bibcode 1981PhRvC 23 1044A doi 10 1103 PhysRevC 23 1044 Matthews Robert 2 December 2001 The Philosopher s Stone The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 2020 09 22 See Densities of the elements data page Antweiler Werner Foreign Currency Units per 1 European Euro 1999 2018 PDF PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service University of British Columbia Archived PDF from the original on 2020 03 28 a b c Antweiler Werner Database Retrieval System PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service University of British Columbia Archived from the original on 2020 07 26 USD RMB price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Values used for currency conversion Euro 1999 1 0654 USD EUR 4 Renminbi September 2013 0 16340 USD CNY 5 December 2017 0 15159 USD CNY 5 November 2019 0 14241 USD CNY 5 3 February 2019 0 14273 USD CNY 6 Dillich Sara Ramsden Todd Melaina Marc 19 September 2012 Satyapal Sunita ed DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record 12024 Hydrogen Production Cost Using Low Cost Natural Gas PDF Report United States Department of Energy p 5 Archived PDF from the original on 2017 02 15 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program DOE H2A Production Analysis Hydrogen amp Fuel Cells Program United States Department of Energy Archived from the original on 2012 03 06 Physical Properties for Deuterium Air Products amp Chemicals Archived from the original on 2019 08 27 DEUTERIUM D 99 8 D2 99 6 HD 0 4 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Archived from the original on 2020 04 16 DEUTERIUM OXIDE D 99 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Archived from the original on 2019 06 16 Stone Richard 22 April 2016 U S goes shopping in Iran s nuclear bazaar will buy heavy water for science Science doi 10 1126 science aaf9962 ISSN 0036 8075 a b c d e f Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019 Mineral Commodity Summaries Report United States Geological Survey 2019 doi 10 3133 70202434 ISBN 978 1 4113 4283 5 Archived from the original on 2020 02 02 Kornbluth Phil 31 August 2018 BLM reaps surprising windfall from FY 2019 Crude Helium Auction gasworld Lithium Metal price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Strategic metals prices in February 2020 Institute of Rare Earths and Metals 5 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 05 a b c d China Petroleum amp Chemical Industry Association Petrochemical Price Inorganic Chemical Material CEIC Data Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 a b Coal prices and outlook Energy Explained U S Energy Information Administration 12 November 2019 Archived from the original on 2020 03 30 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Preismonitor PDF Report in German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources 22 January 2020 Archived PDF from the original on 2020 01 25 Olson Donald W January 2020 Diamond Industrial Minerals Yearbook 2016 Report Vol I United States Geological Survey p 21 3 doi 10 3133 mybvi Archived from the original on 2020 03 31 Salerno Louis J Gaby J Johnson R Kittel Peter Marquardt Eric D 2002 Terrestrial Applications of Zero Boil Off Cryogen Storage In Ross R G ed Cryocoolers 11 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 810 doi 10 1007 0 306 47112 4 98 ISBN 978 0 306 46567 3 Fan Karen 2007 Elert Glenn ed Price of Liquid Nitrogen The Physics Factbook Archived from the original on 2019 07 23 a b In Cryocoolers 11 22 cited in Hypertextbook 23 Hydrofluoric Acid Market Remained Largely Stable This Week Dec 1 7 2017 Echemi 7 December 2017 Archived from the original on 2020 03 31 a b c Haussinger Peter Glatthaar Reinhard Rhode Wilhelm Kick Helmut Benkmann Christian Weber Josef Wunschel Hans Jorg Stenke Viktor Leicht Edith Stenger Hermann 15 March 2001 Noble Gases In Elvers Barbara et al eds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol 24 7th ed Wiley VCH sec 9 doi 10 1002 14356007 a17 485 ISBN 978 3 527 32943 4 Sodium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Silicon Metal Yunnan 441 price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 6 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 06 Liquid Chlorine Demands Goes Up with Substantial Price Hike CnAgri Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultant 15 October 2013 Archived from the original on 2020 01 14 Schmittinger Peter Florkiewicz Thomas Curlin L Calvert Luke Benno Scannell Robert Navin Thomas Zelfel Erich Bartsch Rudiger 15 January 2006 Chlorine In Elvers Barbara et al eds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry release 2008 7th ed Wiley VCH published 2008 sec 15 doi 10 1002 14356007 a06 399 pub2 ISBN 978 3 527 31965 7 Agreement Information 6238 University of Nevada Las Vegas 12 August 2011 Archived from the original on 2019 12 21 Potassium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Calcium 98 5 price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 a b c d e f g Rare earth prices in February 2020 Institute of Rare Earths and Metals 4 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 04 Titanium Sponge price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Vanadium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Tang Shan Pig Iron price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 LME Copper Physical London Metal Exchange Archived from the original on 2019 06 23 Germanium Ingot price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Arsenic Metal price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 a b Current prices of strategic metals Institute of Rare Earths and Metals July 2019 Archived from the original on 2020 01 14 Zirconium Sponge price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Niobium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 a b c d e f g Hammond C R 2004 The Elements In Lide David R ed Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds 85th ed CRC Press pp 4 3 4 36 ISBN 978 0849304859 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b Hammond C R 2016 The Elements In Haynes W M Lide David R Bruno Thomas J eds Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds 97th ed CRC Press pp 4 3 4 42 ISBN 978 1498754286 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help National Research Council 2009 6 Molybdenum 99 Technetium 99m Production Costs Medical Isotope Production without Highly Enriched Uranium Washington D C The National Academies Press doi 10 17226 12569 ISBN 978 0 309 13039 4 PMID 25009932 Ruthenium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Greenfield Michael 2 August 2019 Iodine prices hold firm although sellers report higher deal values Industrial Minerals Archived from the original on 2019 11 19 McRae Michele E December 2019 Barite Minerals Yearbook 2016 Report Vol I United States Geological Survey p 9 3 doi 10 3133 mybvi Kresse Robert Baudis Ulrich Jager Paul Riechers H Hermann Wagner Heinz Winkler Jochen Wolf Hans Uwe 15 July 2007 Barium and Barium Compounds In Elvers Barbara et al eds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol 4 7th ed Wiley VCH published 2011 sec 1 7 doi 10 1002 14356007 a03 325 pub2 ISBN 978 3 527 32943 4 Lanthanum price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Cerium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Promethium Radiochemistry Society 2003 Archived from the original on 2018 11 16 Castor Stephen B Hedrick James B 2006 Rare Earth Elements In Kogel Jessica Elzea Trivedi Nikhil C Barker James M Krukowski Stanley T eds Industrial Minerals amp Rocks Commodities Markets and Uses 7th ed Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration p 785 ISBN 978 0 87335 233 8 OCLC 62805047 Rhenium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Price Creator Fastmarkets Archived from the original on 2020 03 28 Chart Creator Fastmarkets Archived from the original on 2020 03 28 Iridium price metal com Shanghai Metals Market 3 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 02 03 Seeds ca 1940s 1960s Oak Ridge Associated Universities 2021 a b Keller Cornelius Wolf Walter Shani Jashovam 15 October 2011 Radionuclides 2 Radioactive Elements and Artificial Radionuclides In Elvers Barbara et al eds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol 31 7th ed Wiley VCH sec 1 5 doi 10 1002 14356007 o22 o15 ISBN 978 3 527 32943 4 Orozco Luis A 30 September 2014 Project Closeout Report Francium trapping facility at TRIUMF Report United States Department of Energy doi 10 2172 1214938 OSTI 1214938 Lubenau J O Mould R F 2009 The roller coaster price of radium International Nuclear Information System Abstract IAEA Archived from the original on 2020 03 31 Retrieved 2020 02 09 Gambogi Joseph August 2016 Thorium Minerals Yearbook 2012 Report Vol I United States Geological Survey p 76 3 doi 10 3133 mybvi Periodic Table of Elements Protactinium Los Alamos National Laboratory Archived from the original on 2011 09 28 2018 Uranium Marketing Annual Report Report U S Energy Information Administration May 2019 p 1 Archived from the original on 2020 02 17 Neptunium The Facts Chemistry Department of Pomona College Archived from the original on 2003 05 08 Plutonium Certified Reference Materials Price Lists U S Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information 20 June 2019 Sublette Carey 20 February 1999 Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions Section 6 0 Nuclear Materials The Nuclear Weapon Archive Archived from the original on 2020 03 25 a b c d Silva Robert J 2006 Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium and Lawrencium In Morss Lester R Edelstein Norman M Fuger Jean Katz Joseph Jacob eds The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide 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37466 1 ISBN 978 3 642 37465 4 S2CID 122675117 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b c d e f Roberto J B Alexander Charles W Boll Rose Ann Burns J D Ezold Julie G Felker Leslie Kevin Hogle Susan L Rykaczewski Krzysztof Piotr December 2015 Actinide targets for the synthesis of super heavy elements Nuclear Physics A 944 Table 1 Bibcode 2015NuPhA 944 99R doi 10 1016 j nuclphysa 2015 06 009 OSTI 1240523 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prices of chemical elements amp oldid 1218072652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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