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Baryte

January 09, 2024

Baryte, barite or barytes (/ˈbæraɪt, ˈbɛər-/[7] or /bəˈraɪtiːz/[8]) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4).[3] Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.[2]

Baryte (barite)
Baryte crystals from Cerro Huarihuyn, Miraflores, Huamalíes, Huánuco, Peru
General
CategorySulfate mineral, barite group
Formula
(repeating unit)		BaSO4
IMA symbolBrt[1]
Strunz classification7.AD.35
Dana classification28.03.01.01
Crystal systemOrthorhombic
Crystal classDipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
Space groupPnma
Unit cella = 8.884(2) Å,
b = 5.457(3) Å,
c = 7.157(2) Å; Z = 4
Identification
ColorColorless, white, light shades of blue, yellow, grey, brown
Crystal habitTabular parallel to base, fibrous, nodular to massive
CleavagePerfect cleavage parallel to base and prism faces: {001} Perfect, {210} Perfect, {010} Imperfect
FractureIrregular/uneven
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness3–3.5
LusterVitreous, pearly
StreakWhite
Diaphaneitytransparent to opaque
Specific gravity4.3–5
Density4.48 g/cm3[2]
Optical propertiesbiaxial positive
Refractive indexnα = 1.634–1.637
nβ = 1.636–1.638
nγ = 1.646–1.648
Birefringence0.012
Fusibility4, yellowish green barium flame
Diagnostic featureswhite color, high specific gravity, characteristic cleavage and crystals
Solubilitylow
References[3][4][5][6]

Names and history edit

 
The unit cell of baryte

The radiating form, sometimes referred to as Bologna Stone,[9] attained some notoriety among alchemists for specimens found in the 17th century near Bologna by Vincenzo Casciarolo. These became phosphorescent upon being calcined.[10][11]

Carl Scheele determined that baryte contained a new element in 1774, but could not isolate barium, only barium oxide. Johan Gottlieb Gahn also isolated barium oxide two years later in similar studies. Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy in England.[12]

The American Petroleum Institute specification API 13/ISO 13500, which governs baryte for drilling purposes, does not refer to any specific mineral, but rather a material that meets that specification.[13] In practice, however, this is usually the mineral baryte.[14]

The term "primary barytes" refers to the first marketable product, which includes crude baryte (run of mine) and the products of simple beneficiation methods, such as washing, jigging, heavy media separation, tabling, and flotation. Most crude baryte requires some upgrading to minimum purity or density. Baryte that is used as an aggregate in a "heavy" cement is crushed and screened to a uniform size. Most baryte is ground to a small, uniform size before it is used as a filler or extender, an addition to industrial products, in the production of barium chemicals or as a weighting agent in petroleum well drilling mud.[15]

Name edit

The name baryte is derived from the Ancient Greek: βαρύς, romanized: barús, 'heavy'. The American spelling is barite.[3][16] The International Mineralogical Association initially adopted "barite" as the official spelling, but recommended adopting the older "baryte" spelling later. This move was controversial and was notably ignored by American mineralogists.[17]

Other names have been used for baryte, including barytine,[18] barytite,[18] barytes,[19] heavy spar,[3] tiff,[4] and blanc fixe.[20]

Mineral associations and locations edit

 
Baryte with galena and hematite from Poland
 
Baryte (top) and dolomite from Cumbria, England
 
Abandoned baryte mine shaft near Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland

Baryte occurs in many depositional environments, and is deposited through many processes including biogenic, hydrothermal, and evaporation, among others.[2] Baryte commonly occurs in lead-zinc veins in limestones, in hot spring deposits, and with hematite ore. It is often associated with the minerals anglesite and celestine. It has also been identified in meteorites.[21]

Baryte has been found at locations in Australia, Brazil, Nigeria, Canada, Chile, China, India, Pakistan, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Iran, Ireland (where it was mined on Benbulben[22]), Liberia, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Romania (Baia Sprie), Turkey, South Africa (Barberton Mountain Land),[23] Thailand, United Kingdom (Cornwall, Cumbria, Dartmoor/Devon, Derbyshire, Durham, Shropshire,[24] Perthshire, Argyllshire, and Surrey[3]) and in the US from Cheshire, Connecticut, De Kalb, New York, and Fort Wallace, New Mexico. It is mined in Arkansas, Connecticut, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Nevada, and Missouri.[3]

The global production of baryte in 2019 was estimated to be around 9.5 million metric tons, down from 9.8 million metric tons in 2012.[25] The major barytes producers (in thousand tonnes, data for 2017) are as follows: China (3,600), India (1,600), Morocco (1,000), Mexico (400), United States (330), Iran (280), Turkey (250), Russia (210), Kazakhstan (160), Thailand (130) and Laos (120).[26]

The main users of barytes in 2017 were (in million tonnes) US (2.35), China (1.60), Middle East (1.55), the European Union and Norway (0.60), Russia and CIS (0.5), South America (0.35), Africa (0.25), and Canada (0.20). 70% of barytes was destined for oil and gas well drilling muds. 15% for barium chemicals, 14% for filler applications in automotive, construction, and paint industries, and 1% other applications.[26]

Natural baryte formed under hydrothermal conditions may be associated with quartz or silica.[27] In hydrothermal vents, the baryte-silica mineralisation can also be accompanied by precious metals.[28]

Uses edit

 

In oil and gas drilling edit

Worldwide, 69–77% of baryte is used as a weighting agent for drilling fluids in oil and gas exploration to suppress high formation pressures and prevent blowouts. As a well is drilled, the bit passes through various formations, each with different characteristics. The deeper the hole, the more baryte is needed as a percentage of the total mud mix. An additional benefit of baryte is that it is non-magnetic and thus does not interfere with magnetic measurements taken in the borehole, either during logging-while-drilling or in separate drill hole logging. Baryte used for drilling petroleum wells can be black, blue, brown or gray depending on the ore body. The baryte is finely ground so that at least 97% of the material, by weight, can pass through a 200-mesh (75 μm) screen, and no more than 30%, by weight, can be less than 6 μm diameter. The ground baryte also must be dense enough so that its specific gravity is 4.2 or greater, soft enough to not damage the bearings of a tricone drill bit, chemically inert, and containing no more than 250 milligrams per kilogram of soluble alkaline salts.[16] In August 2010, the American Petroleum Institute published specifications to modify the 4.2 drilling grade standards for baryte to include 4.1 SG materials.

In oxygen and sulfur isotopic analysis edit

 
Baryte (salmon-colored) with cerussite from Morocco

In the deep ocean, away from continental sources of sediment, pelagic baryte precipitates and forms a significant amount of the sediments. Since baryte has oxygen, systematics in the δ18O of these sediments have been used to help constrain paleotemperatures for oceanic crust.

The variations in sulfur isotopes (34S/32S) are being examined in evaporite minerals containing sulfur (e.g. baryte) and carbonate associated sulfates (CAS) to determine past seawater sulfur concentrations which can help identify specific depositional periods such as anoxic or oxic conditions. The use of sulfur isotope reconstruction is often paired with oxygen when a molecule contains both elements.[29]

Geochronological dating edit

Dating the baryte in hydrothermal vents has been one of the major methods to know the ages of hydrothermal vents.[30][31][32][33][34] Common methods to date hydrothermal baryte include radiometric dating[30][31] and electron spin resonance dating.[32][33][34]

Other uses edit

Baryte is used in added-value applications which include filler in paint and plastics, sound reduction in engine compartments, coat of automobile finishes for smoothness and corrosion resistance, friction products for automobiles and trucks, radiation shielding concrete, glass ceramics, and medical applications (for example, a barium meal before a contrast CT scan). Baryte is supplied in a variety of forms and the price depends on the amount of processing; filler applications commanding higher prices following intense physical processing by grinding and micronising, and there are further premiums for whiteness and brightness and color.[16] It is also used to produce other barium chemicals, notably barium carbonate which is used for the manufacture of LED glass for television and computer screens (historically in cathode ray tubes); and for dielectrics.

Historically, baryte was used for the production of barium hydroxide for sugar refining, and as a white pigment for textiles, paper, and paint.[3]

Although baryte contains the toxic alkaline earth metal barium, it is not detrimental for human health, animals, plants and the environment because barium sulfate is extremely insoluble in water.

It is also sometimes used as a gemstone.[35]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b c Hanor, J. (2000). "Barite-celestine geochemistry and environments of formation". Reviews in Mineralogy. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America. 40 (1): 193–275. Bibcode:2000RvMG...40..193H. doi:10.2138/rmg.2000.40.4. ISBN 0-939950-52-9.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Dana, James Dwight; Ford, William Ebenezer (1915). Dana's Manual of Mineralogy for the Student of Elementary Mineralogy, the Mining Engineer, the Geologist, the Prospector, the Collector, Etc (13 ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 299–300.
  4. ^ a b Barite at Mindat
  5. ^ Webmineral data for barite
  6. ^ Baryte, Handbook of Mineralogy
  7. ^ . Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020.
  8. ^ "barytes". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  9. ^ Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Bologna stone". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN 0922152349.
  10. ^ History of the Bologna stone 2006-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Lastusaari, Mika; Laamanen, Taneli; Malkamäki, Marja; Eskola, Kari O.; Kotlov, Aleksei; Carlson, Stefan; Welter, Edmund; Brito, Hermi F.; Bettinelli, Marco; Jungner, Högne; Hölsä, Jorma (26 September 2012). "The Bologna Stone: history's first persistent luminescent material" (PDF). European Journal of Mineralogy. 24 (5): 885–890. Bibcode:2012EJMin..24..885L. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2224. S2CID 97905966.
  12. ^ Krebs, Robert E. (2006). The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
  13. ^ "ISO 13500:2008 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests". ISO. 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  14. ^ Nesse, William D. (2000). Introduction to mineralogy. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 345–346. ISBN 9780195106916.
  15. ^   This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under Public domain. Text taken from Barite Statistics and Information​, National Minerals Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey.
  16. ^ a b c M. Michael Miller Barite, 2009 Minerals Yearbook
  17. ^ "Barite: The mineral Barite information and pictures". www.minerals.net. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  18. ^ a b "International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names". Mineralogical Magazine. 38 (293): 102–5. March 1971. Bibcode:1971MinM...38..102.. doi:10.1180/minmag.1971.038.293.14.
  19. ^ "Monograph on Barytes". Indian Bureau of Mines. 1995. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  20. ^ "Definition of blanc fixe". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  21. ^ Rubin, Alan E. (March 1997). "Mineralogy of meteorite groups". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 32 (2): 231–247. Bibcode:1997M&PS...32..231R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01262.x.
  22. ^ Ben Bulben. Mhti.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-05.
  23. ^ Duchač, K. C; Hanor, J. S. (September 1987). "Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an early Archaean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa". Precambrian Research. 37 (2): 125–146. Bibcode:1987PreR...37..125D. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90075-1.
  24. ^ Muirshiel Mine. Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park. Scotland.
  25. ^ "Production of barite worldwide 2019". Statista. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  26. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-11.
  27. ^ Fedele, L.; Todesca, R.; Boni, M. (2003). "Barite-silica mineralization at the inter-Ordovician unconformity in southwestern Sardinia (Italy): a fluid inclusion study". Mineralogy and Petrology. 77 (3–4): 197–213. Bibcode:2003MinPe..77..197F. doi:10.1007/s00710-002-0200-9. S2CID 129874363.
  28. ^ Binns, R.A.; Parr, J.M.; Gemmell, J.B.; Whitford, D.J.; Dean, J.A. (1997). "Precious metals in barite-silica chimneys from Franklin Seamount, Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea". Marine Geology. 142 (1–4): 119–141. Bibcode:1997MGeol.142..119B. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00047-9.
  29. ^ Kastner, Miriam (30 March 1999). "Oceanic minerals: Their origin, nature of their environment, and significance". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (7): 3380–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3380K. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3380. PMC 34278. PMID 10097047.
  30. ^ a b Grasty, Robert L.; Smith, Charles; Franklin, James M.; Jonasson, Ian R. (1988-09-01). "Radioactive orphans in barite-rich chimneys, Axial Caldera, Juan De Fuca Ridge". The Canadian Mineralogist. 26 (3): 627–636.
  31. ^ a b Noguchi, Takuroh; Shinjo, Ryuichi; Ito, Michihiro; Takada, Jitsuya; Oomori, Tamotsu (2011). "Barite geochemistry from hydrothermal chimneys of the Okinawa Trough: insight into chimney formation and fluid/sediment interaction". Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences. 106 (1): 26–35. Bibcode:2011JMPeS.106...26N. doi:10.2465/jmps.090825.
  32. ^ a b Takamasa, Asako; Nakai, Shun'ichi; Sato, Fumihiro; Toyoda, Shin; Banerjee, Debabrata; Ishibashi, Junichiro (February 2013). "U–Th radioactive disequilibrium and ESR dating of a barite-containing sulfide crust from South Mariana Trough". Quaternary Geochronology. 15: 38–46. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.12.002. S2CID 129020357.
  33. ^ a b Fujiwara, Taisei; Toyoda, Shin; Uchida, Ai; Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro; Nakai, Shun’ichi; Takamasa, Asako (2015), Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro; Okino, Kyoko; Sunamura, Michinari (eds.), "ESR Dating of Barite in Sea-Floor Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits in the Okinawa Trough", Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems, Tokyo: Springer Japan, pp. 369–386, doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54865-2_29, ISBN 978-4-431-54864-5
  34. ^ a b Tsang, Man-Yin; Toyoda, Shin; Tomita, Makiko; Yamamoto, Yuzuru (2022-08-01). "Thermal stability and closure temperature of barite for electron spin resonance dating". Quaternary Geochronology. 71: 101332. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101332. S2CID 248614826.
  35. ^ Thomas, Arthur (2009). Gemstones: Properties, identification and use. New Holland Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 1847734847

Further reading edit

 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Barytes".
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baryte.
  • Johnson, Craig A.; Piatak, Nadine M.; Miller, M. Michael; Schulz, Klaus J.; DeYoung, John H.; Seal, Robert R.; Bradley, Dwight C. (2017). "Barite (Barium). Chapter D of: Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply. Professional Paper 1802–D". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers. doi:10.3133/pp1802D.

  This article incorporates public domain material from Barite (PDF). United States Geological Survey.

January 09, 2024
baryte, barite, barytes, ɛər, mineral, consisting, barium, sulfate, baso4, generally, white, colorless, main, source, element, barium, baryte, group, consists, baryte, celestine, strontium, sulfate, anglesite, lead, sulfate, anhydrite, calcium, sulfate, celest. Baryte barite or barytes ˈ b aer aɪ t ˈ b ɛer 7 or b e ˈ r aɪ t iː z 8 is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate BaSO4 3 Baryte is generally white or colorless and is the main source of the element barium The baryte group consists of baryte celestine strontium sulfate anglesite lead sulfate and anhydrite calcium sulfate Baryte and celestine form a solid solution Ba Sr SO4 2 Baryte barite Baryte crystals from Cerro Huarihuyn Miraflores Huamalies Huanuco PeruGeneralCategorySulfate mineral barite groupFormula repeating unit BaSO4IMA symbolBrt 1 Strunz classification7 AD 35Dana classification28 03 01 01Crystal systemOrthorhombicCrystal classDipyramidal mmm H M symbol 2 m 2 m 2 m Space groupPnmaUnit cella 8 884 2 A b 5 457 3 A c 7 157 2 A Z 4IdentificationColorColorless white light shades of blue yellow grey brownCrystal habitTabular parallel to base fibrous nodular to massiveCleavagePerfect cleavage parallel to base and prism faces 001 Perfect 210 Perfect 010 ImperfectFractureIrregular unevenTenacityBrittleMohs scale hardness3 3 5LusterVitreous pearlyStreakWhiteDiaphaneitytransparent to opaqueSpecific gravity4 3 5Density4 48 g cm3 2 Optical propertiesbiaxial positiveRefractive indexna 1 634 1 637nb 1 636 1 638ng 1 646 1 648Birefringence0 012Fusibility4 yellowish green barium flameDiagnostic featureswhite color high specific gravity characteristic cleavage and crystalsSolubilitylowReferences 3 4 5 6 Contents 1 Names and history 1 1 Name 2 Mineral associations and locations 3 Uses 3 1 In oil and gas drilling 3 2 In oxygen and sulfur isotopic analysis 3 3 Geochronological dating 3 4 Other uses 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingNames and history edit nbsp The unit cell of baryteThe radiating form sometimes referred to as Bologna Stone 9 attained some notoriety among alchemists for specimens found in the 17th century near Bologna by Vincenzo Casciarolo These became phosphorescent upon being calcined 10 11 Carl Scheele determined that baryte contained a new element in 1774 but could not isolate barium only barium oxide Johan Gottlieb Gahn also isolated barium oxide two years later in similar studies Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy in England 12 The American Petroleum Institute specification API 13 ISO 13500 which governs baryte for drilling purposes does not refer to any specific mineral but rather a material that meets that specification 13 In practice however this is usually the mineral baryte 14 The term primary barytes refers to the first marketable product which includes crude baryte run of mine and the products of simple beneficiation methods such as washing jigging heavy media separation tabling and flotation Most crude baryte requires some upgrading to minimum purity or density Baryte that is used as an aggregate in a heavy cement is crushed and screened to a uniform size Most baryte is ground to a small uniform size before it is used as a filler or extender an addition to industrial products in the production of barium chemicals or as a weighting agent in petroleum well drilling mud 15 Name edit The name baryte is derived from the Ancient Greek barys romanized barus heavy The American spelling is barite 3 16 The International Mineralogical Association initially adopted barite as the official spelling but recommended adopting the older baryte spelling later This move was controversial and was notably ignored by American mineralogists 17 Other names have been used for baryte including barytine 18 barytite 18 barytes 19 heavy spar 3 tiff 4 and blanc fixe 20 Mineral associations and locations edit nbsp Baryte with galena and hematite from Poland nbsp Baryte top and dolomite from Cumbria England nbsp Abandoned baryte mine shaft near Aberfeldy Perthshire ScotlandBaryte occurs in many depositional environments and is deposited through many processes including biogenic hydrothermal and evaporation among others 2 Baryte commonly occurs in lead zinc veins in limestones in hot spring deposits and with hematite ore It is often associated with the minerals anglesite and celestine It has also been identified in meteorites 21 Baryte has been found at locations in Australia Brazil Nigeria Canada Chile China India Pakistan Germany Greece Guatemala Iran Ireland where it was mined on Benbulben 22 Liberia Mexico Morocco Peru Romania Baia Sprie Turkey South Africa Barberton Mountain Land 23 Thailand United Kingdom Cornwall Cumbria Dartmoor Devon Derbyshire Durham Shropshire 24 Perthshire Argyllshire and Surrey 3 and in the US from Cheshire Connecticut De Kalb New York and Fort Wallace New Mexico It is mined in Arkansas Connecticut Virginia North Carolina Georgia Tennessee Kentucky Nevada and Missouri 3 The global production of baryte in 2019 was estimated to be around 9 5 million metric tons down from 9 8 million metric tons in 2012 25 The major barytes producers in thousand tonnes data for 2017 are as follows China 3 600 India 1 600 Morocco 1 000 Mexico 400 United States 330 Iran 280 Turkey 250 Russia 210 Kazakhstan 160 Thailand 130 and Laos 120 26 The main users of barytes in 2017 were in million tonnes US 2 35 China 1 60 Middle East 1 55 the European Union and Norway 0 60 Russia and CIS 0 5 South America 0 35 Africa 0 25 and Canada 0 20 70 of barytes was destined for oil and gas well drilling muds 15 for barium chemicals 14 for filler applications in automotive construction and paint industries and 1 other applications 26 Natural baryte formed under hydrothermal conditions may be associated with quartz or silica 27 In hydrothermal vents the baryte silica mineralisation can also be accompanied by precious metals 28 Uses edit nbsp In oil and gas drilling edit Worldwide 69 77 of baryte is used as a weighting agent for drilling fluids in oil and gas exploration to suppress high formation pressures and prevent blowouts As a well is drilled the bit passes through various formations each with different characteristics The deeper the hole the more baryte is needed as a percentage of the total mud mix An additional benefit of baryte is that it is non magnetic and thus does not interfere with magnetic measurements taken in the borehole either during logging while drilling or in separate drill hole logging Baryte used for drilling petroleum wells can be black blue brown or gray depending on the ore body The baryte is finely ground so that at least 97 of the material by weight can pass through a 200 mesh 75 mm screen and no more than 30 by weight can be less than 6 mm diameter The ground baryte also must be dense enough so that its specific gravity is 4 2 or greater soft enough to not damage the bearings of a tricone drill bit chemically inert and containing no more than 250 milligrams per kilogram of soluble alkaline salts 16 In August 2010 the American Petroleum Institute published specifications to modify the 4 2 drilling grade standards for baryte to include 4 1 SG materials In oxygen and sulfur isotopic analysis edit nbsp Baryte salmon colored with cerussite from MoroccoIn the deep ocean away from continental sources of sediment pelagic baryte precipitates and forms a significant amount of the sediments Since baryte has oxygen systematics in the d18O of these sediments have been used to help constrain paleotemperatures for oceanic crust The variations in sulfur isotopes 34S 32S are being examined in evaporite minerals containing sulfur e g baryte and carbonate associated sulfates CAS to determine past seawater sulfur concentrations which can help identify specific depositional periods such as anoxic or oxic conditions The use of sulfur isotope reconstruction is often paired with oxygen when a molecule contains both elements 29 Geochronological dating edit Dating the baryte in hydrothermal vents has been one of the major methods to know the ages of hydrothermal vents 30 31 32 33 34 Common methods to date hydrothermal baryte include radiometric dating 30 31 and electron spin resonance dating 32 33 34 Other uses edit Baryte is used in added value applications which include filler in paint and plastics sound reduction in engine compartments coat of automobile finishes for smoothness and corrosion resistance friction products for automobiles and trucks radiation shielding concrete glass ceramics and medical applications for example a barium meal before a contrast CT scan Baryte is supplied in a variety of forms and the price depends on the amount of processing filler applications commanding higher prices following intense physical processing by grinding and micronising and there are further premiums for whiteness and brightness and color 16 It is also used to produce other barium chemicals notably barium carbonate which is used for the manufacture of LED glass for television and computer screens historically in cathode ray tubes and for dielectrics Historically baryte was used for the production of barium hydroxide for sugar refining and as a white pigment for textiles paper and paint 3 Although baryte contains the toxic alkaline earth metal barium it is not detrimental for human health animals plants and the environment because barium sulfate is extremely insoluble in water It is also sometimes used as a gemstone 35 See also editHokutolite Rose rockReferences edit Warr L N 2021 IMA CNMNC approved mineral symbols Mineralogical Magazine 85 3 291 320 Bibcode 2021MinM 85 291W doi 10 1180 mgm 2021 43 S2CID 235729616 a b c Hanor J 2000 Barite celestine geochemistry and environments of formation Reviews in Mineralogy Washington DC Mineralogical Society of America 40 1 193 275 Bibcode 2000RvMG 40 193H doi 10 2138 rmg 2000 40 4 ISBN 0 939950 52 9 a b c d e f g Dana James Dwight Ford William Ebenezer 1915 Dana s Manual of Mineralogy for the Student of Elementary Mineralogy the Mining Engineer the Geologist the Prospector the Collector Etc 13 ed John Wiley amp Sons Inc pp 299 300 a b Barite at Mindat Webmineral data for barite Baryte Handbook of Mineralogy baryte Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on March 8 2020 barytes Merriam Webster com Dictionary Jackson Julia A ed 1997 Bologna stone Glossary of geology Fourth ed Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute ISBN 0922152349 History of the Bologna stone Archived 2006 12 02 at the Wayback Machine Lastusaari Mika Laamanen Taneli Malkamaki Marja Eskola Kari O Kotlov Aleksei Carlson Stefan Welter Edmund Brito Hermi F Bettinelli Marco Jungner Hogne Holsa Jorma 26 September 2012 The Bologna Stone history s first persistent luminescent material PDF European Journal of Mineralogy 24 5 885 890 Bibcode 2012EJMin 24 885L doi 10 1127 0935 1221 2012 0024 2224 S2CID 97905966 Krebs Robert E 2006 The history and use of our earth s chemical elements a reference guide Greenwood Publishing Group p 80 ISBN 978 0 313 33438 2 ISO 13500 2008 Petroleum and natural gas industries Drilling fluid materials Specifications and tests ISO 2008 Retrieved 2 February 2022 Nesse William D 2000 Introduction to mineralogy New York Oxford University Press pp 345 346 ISBN 9780195106916 nbsp This article incorporates text from a free content work Licensed under Public domain Text taken from Barite Statistics and Information National Minerals Information Center U S Geological Survey a b c M Michael Miller Barite 2009 Minerals Yearbook Barite The mineral Barite information and pictures www minerals net Retrieved 2017 12 14 a b International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names Mineralogical Magazine 38 293 102 5 March 1971 Bibcode 1971MinM 38 102 doi 10 1180 minmag 1971 038 293 14 Monograph on Barytes Indian Bureau of Mines 1995 Retrieved 14 July 2017 Definition of blanc fixe Merriam Webster Dictionary Merriam Webster Retrieved 14 July 2017 Rubin Alan E March 1997 Mineralogy of meteorite groups Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 32 2 231 247 Bibcode 1997M amp PS 32 231R doi 10 1111 j 1945 5100 1997 tb01262 x Ben Bulben Mhti com Retrieved on 2011 05 05 Duchac K C Hanor J S September 1987 Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an early Archaean komatiite sequence Barberton Mountain Land South Africa Precambrian Research 37 2 125 146 Bibcode 1987PreR 37 125D doi 10 1016 0301 9268 87 90075 1 Muirshiel Mine Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park Scotland Production of barite worldwide 2019 Statista Retrieved 2020 08 30 a b The Barytes Association Barytes Statistics Archived from the original on 2015 05 18 Retrieved 2015 05 11 Fedele L Todesca R Boni M 2003 Barite silica mineralization at the inter Ordovician unconformity in southwestern Sardinia Italy a fluid inclusion study Mineralogy and Petrology 77 3 4 197 213 Bibcode 2003MinPe 77 197F doi 10 1007 s00710 002 0200 9 S2CID 129874363 Binns R A Parr J M Gemmell J B Whitford D J Dean J A 1997 Precious metals in barite silica chimneys from Franklin Seamount Woodlark Basin Papua New Guinea Marine Geology 142 1 4 119 141 Bibcode 1997MGeol 142 119B doi 10 1016 S0025 3227 97 00047 9 Kastner Miriam 30 March 1999 Oceanic minerals Their origin nature of their environment and significance Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 7 3380 7 Bibcode 1999PNAS 96 3380K doi 10 1073 pnas 96 7 3380 PMC 34278 PMID 10097047 a b Grasty Robert L Smith Charles Franklin James M Jonasson Ian R 1988 09 01 Radioactive orphans in barite rich chimneys Axial Caldera Juan De Fuca Ridge The Canadian Mineralogist 26 3 627 636 a b Noguchi Takuroh Shinjo Ryuichi Ito Michihiro Takada Jitsuya Oomori Tamotsu 2011 Barite geochemistry from hydrothermal chimneys of the Okinawa Trough insight into chimney formation and fluid sediment interaction Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 106 1 26 35 Bibcode 2011JMPeS 106 26N doi 10 2465 jmps 090825 a b Takamasa Asako Nakai Shun ichi Sato Fumihiro Toyoda Shin Banerjee Debabrata Ishibashi Junichiro February 2013 U Th radioactive disequilibrium and ESR dating of a barite containing sulfide crust from South Mariana Trough Quaternary Geochronology 15 38 46 doi 10 1016 j quageo 2012 12 002 S2CID 129020357 a b Fujiwara Taisei Toyoda Shin Uchida Ai Ishibashi Jun ichiro Nakai Shun ichi Takamasa Asako 2015 Ishibashi Jun ichiro Okino Kyoko Sunamura Michinari eds ESR Dating of Barite in Sea Floor Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits in the Okinawa Trough Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems Tokyo Springer Japan pp 369 386 doi 10 1007 978 4 431 54865 2 29 ISBN 978 4 431 54864 5 a b Tsang Man Yin Toyoda Shin Tomita Makiko Yamamoto Yuzuru 2022 08 01 Thermal stability and closure temperature of barite for electron spin resonance dating Quaternary Geochronology 71 101332 doi 10 1016 j quageo 2022 101332 S2CID 248614826 Thomas Arthur 2009 Gemstones Properties identification and use New Holland Publishers p 138 ISBN 1847734847Further reading edit nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Barytes nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baryte Johnson Craig A Piatak Nadine M Miller M Michael Schulz Klaus J DeYoung John H Seal Robert R Bradley Dwight C 2017 Barite Barium Chapter D of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply Professional Paper 1802 D U S Geological Survey Professional Papers doi 10 3133 pp1802D nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Barite PDF United States Geological Survey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baryte amp oldid 1193460780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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