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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

February 16, 2024

"PETA" redirects here. For other uses, see PETA (disambiguation).

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president. PETA says that its entities have more than 9 million members globally.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Logo used since 1980
FoundedMarch 22, 1980; 43 years ago (1980-03-22)
Founders
Type501(c)(3)
FocusAnimal rights
Location
President
Ingrid Newkirk[1]
Senior VP, Campaigns
Dan Mathews[1]
Revenue
US$66.3 million (2020)[2]
Websitewww.peta.org

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case.[3] The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.[a]

The organization has been widely criticized for its controversial campaigns and euthanasia use, the latter of which has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.

History

Ingrid Newkirk

Newkirk talking about herself and her legacy (11:27)
 
Ingrid Newkirk

Ingrid Newkirk was born in England in 1949, and raised in Hertfordshire and later New Delhi, India, where her father—a navigational engineer—was stationed. Newkirk, now an atheist, was educated in a convent, the only British girl there.[5] She moved to the United States as a teenager, first studying to become a stockbroker, but after taking some abandoned kittens to an animal shelter in 1969 and being appalled by the conditions that she found there, she chose a career in animal protection instead.[6] She became an animal-protection officer for Montgomery County, Maryland, and then the District of Columbia's first woman poundmaster. By 1976 she was head of the animal disease control division of D.C.'s Commission on Public Health and in 1980 was among those named as "Washingtonians of the Year."[7]

 
Alex Pacheco

In 1980, after her divorce, she met Alex Pacheco, a political science major at George Washington University.[8] He volunteered at the shelter where she worked, and they fell in love and began living together.[9] Newkirk read Peter Singer's influential book, Animal Liberation (1975), and in March 1980, she persuaded Pacheco to join her in forming People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, at that point just "five people in a basement," as Newkirk described it. They were mostly students and members of the local vegetarian society, but the group included a friend of Pacheco's from the UK, Kim Stallwood, a British activist who went on to become the national organizer of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.[10]

Silver Spring monkeys

 
PETA distributed images of the monkeys with the caption, "This is vivisection. Don't let anyone tell you different."[11]

The group first came to public attention in 1981 during the Silver Spring monkeys case, a dispute about experiments conducted by researcher Edward Taub on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. The case led to the first police raid in the United States on an animal laboratory, triggered an amendment in 1985 to the United States Animal Welfare Act, and became the first animal-testing case to be appealed to the United States Supreme Court,[3] which upheld a Louisiana State Court ruling that denied PETA's request for custody of the monkeys.[12]

Pacheco had taken a job in May 1981 inside a primate research laboratory at the institute, intending to gain firsthand experience of working inside an animal laboratory.[13] Taub had been cutting sensory ganglia that supplied nerves to the monkeys' fingers, hands, arms, and legs—a process called "deafferentation"—so that the monkeys could not feel them; some of the monkeys had had their entire spinal columns deafferented. He then used restraint, electric shock, and withholding of food and water to force the monkeys to use the deafferented parts of their bodies. The research led in part to the discovery of neuroplasticity and a new therapy for stroke victims called constraint-induced movement therapy.[14]

Pacheco went to the laboratory at night, taking photographs that showed the monkeys living in what the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research's ILAR Journal called "filthy conditions."[15] He passed his photographs to the police, who raided the lab and arrested Taub. Taub was convicted of six counts of cruelty to animals, the first such conviction in the United States of an animal researcher; the conviction, though, was overturned on appeal.[16] Norm Phelps writes that the case followed the highly publicized campaign of Henry Spira in 1976 against experiments on cats being performed at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and Spira's subsequent campaign in April 1980 against the Draize test. These and the Silver Spring monkey case jointly put animal rights on the agenda in the United States.[17]

The 10-year battle for custody of the monkeys—described by The Washington Post as a vicious mud fight, during which both sides accused the other of lies and distortion— transformed PETA into a national, then international, movement. By February 1991, it claimed over 350,000 supporters, a paid staff of over 100, and an annual budget of over $7 million.[18]

PETA India

PETA India was founded in 2000 and is based in Mumbai, India.[19]

PETA and the NGO Animal Rahat, authorized by the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), participated in a nine-month investigation of 16 circuses in India. After it was said that "animals used in circuses were subjected to chronic confinement, physical abuse, and psychological torment", AWBI, in 2013, banned the registration of elephants for performance.[20]

PETA India put up billboards prior to a 2020 annual religious event Eid al-Adha where animals are ritualistically slaughtered. The billboards depicted goats with the words "I am a living being and not just meat. Change your view towards us and become a vegan." and "I am ME, Not Mutton. See the Individual. Go Vegan." Muslim clerics wanted to take down the billboards, saying that it was hurtful to their religious sentiments.[21][22]

In July 2020, PETA put up billboards saying "This Rakshabandhan, protect me: Go leather-free".[23]

Locations

PETA was based in Rockville, Maryland, until 1996, when it moved to Norfolk, Virginia.[24] It opened a Los Angeles division in 2006[24] and also has offices in Washington, D.C., and Oakland, California.[25] In addition, PETA has international affiliates.

Philosophy and activism

 
Two young women from PETA, body painted to look like foxes, protesting against the fur trade next to the Three Smiths Statue in Helsinki, Finland on March 25, 2010.

Profile

PETA is an animal rights organization that opposes speciesism, and the abuse of animals in any way, such as for food, clothing, entertainment, or research.[4]

In 2020, PETA's website claimed they had 6.5 million supporters,[4] and received donations of $49 million for 2019.[26]

Campaigns and consumer boycotts

 
PETA's trademark "Lettuce ladies" in Columbus, Ohio

The organization is known for aggressive media stunts, combined with a solid base of celebrity support—in addition to its honorary directors, Paul McCartney, Alicia Silverstone, Eva Mendes, Charlize Theron, Ellen DeGeneres, and many other notable celebrities have appeared in PETA ads.[27] Every week, Newkirk holds what The New Yorker calls a "war council," with two dozen of her top strategists gathered at a square table in the PETA conference room, with no suggestion considered too "kooky or unkind".[5] PETA also gives an annual prize, called the Proggy Award (for "progress"), to individuals or organizations dedicated to animal welfare or who distinguish themselves through their efforts within the area of animal welfare.[28]

Many of the campaigns have focused on large corporations. Fast food companies such as KFC, Wendy's, and Burger King have been targeted. In the animal-testing industry, PETA's consumer boycotts have focused on Avon, Benetton, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Chesebrough-Pond's, Dow Chemical, General Motors, and others. The group's modus operandi includes buying shares in target companies such as McDonald's and Kraft Foods to exert influence.[29] The campaigns have delivered results for PETA. McDonald's and Wendy's introduced vegetarian options after PETA targeted them; and Polo Ralph Lauren said it would no longer use fur.[30] Avon, Estée Lauder, Benetton, and Tonka Toy Co. all stopped testing products on animals, the Pentagon stopped shooting pigs and goats in wounds tests, and a slaughterhouse in Texas was closed down.[8]

As part of its anti-fur action, PETA supporters have infiltrated hundreds of fashion shows in the U.S. and Europe and one in China, throwing red paint on the catwalks and unfurling banners. Celebrities and supermodels have posed naked for the group's "I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur" campaign—some men, but mostly women—triggering criticism from some feminist animal rights advocates.[31] The New Yorker writes that PETA activists have crawled through the streets of Paris wearing leg-hold traps and thrown around money soaked in fake blood at the International Fur Fair.[5] They sometimes engage in pie-throwing—in January 2010, Canadian MP Gerry Byrne compared them to terrorists for throwing a tofu cream pie at Canada's fishery minister Gail Shea in protest of the seal slaughter, a comment Newkirk called a silly chest-beating exercise.[32] "The thing is, we make them gawk" she told Satya magazine, "maybe like a traffic accident that you have to look at."[33]

PETA has also objected to the practice of mulesing (removing strips of wool-bearing skin from around the buttocks of a sheep). In October 2004, PETA launched a boycott against the Australian wool industry, leading some clothing retailers to ban products using Australian wool from their stores.[34] In response, the Australian wool industry sued PETA, arguing among other things that mulesing prevents flystrike, a very painful disease that can affect sheep. A settlement was reached, and PETA agreed to stop the boycott, while the wool industry agreed to seek alternatives to mulesing.[35]

In 2011, PETA named five orcas as plaintiffs and sued SeaWorld over the animals' captivity, seeking their protection under the Thirteenth Amendment.[36] A federal judge heard the case and dismissed it in early 2012.[37] In August 2014, SeaWorld announced it was building new orca tanks that would almost double the size of the existing ones to provide more space for its whales. PETA responded that a "larger prison is still a prison."[38] In 2016, SeaWorld admitted that it had been sending its employees to pose as activists to spy on PETA.[39] Following an investigation by an outside law firm, SeaWorld's Board of Directors directed management to end the practice.[40]

 
PETA supporters campaign against Burberry in an anti-fur protest in 2007

In 2011, Patricia de Leon was the Hispanic spokesperson for PETA's anti-bullfighting campaign.[41]

Some campaigns have been particularly controversial. Newkirk was criticized in 2003 for sending a letter to PLO leader Yasser Arafat asking him to keep animals out of the conflict, after a donkey was blown up during an attack in Jerusalem.[42]

To reduce milk consumption, it created the "Got Beer?" campaign, a parody of the dairy industry's series of Got Milk? ads, which featured celebrities with milk "mustaches" on their upper lips. When the mayor of New York, Rudy Giuliani, was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2000, PETA ran a photograph of him with a white mustache and the words "Got prostate cancer?" to illustrate their claim that dairy products contribute to cancer, an ad that caused an outcry in the United States.[43] After PETA placed ads in school newspapers linking milk to acne, obesity, heart disease, cancer, and strokes, Mothers Against Drunk Driving and college officials complained it encouraged underage drinking; the British Advertising Standards Authority asked that the ads be discontinued after complaints from interest groups such as The National Farmers' Unions.[44]

In August 2011, it was announced that PETA will be launching a soft pornography website in the .xxx domain. PETA spokesperson Lindsay Rajt told the Huffington Post, "We try to use absolutely every outlet to stick up for animals," adding that "We are careful about what we do and wouldn't use nudity or some of our flashier tactics if we didn't know they worked." PETA also used nudity in its "Veggie Love" ad which it prepared for the Super Bowl, only to have it banned by the network. PETA's work has drawn the ire of some feminists who argue that the organization sacrifices women's rights to press its agenda. Lindsay Beyerstein criticized PETA saying "They're the ones drawing disturbing analogies between pornography, misogyny and animal cruelty."[45]

PETA has approached cities to pressure them to change their names, including Fishkill, New York in 1996,[46] Hamburg, New York in 2003,[47] and Commerce City, Colorado in 2007.[48]

PETA sometimes issues isolated statements or press releases, commenting on current events. After Lady Gaga wore a dress made of meat in 2010, PETA issued a statement objecting to the dress.[49] After a fisherman in Florida was bitten by a shark in 2011, PETA proposed an advertisement showing a shark devouring a human, with the caption "Payback Is Hell, Go Vegan". The proposed ad drew criticism from relatives of the injured fisherman.[50] After Minnesota dentist Walter Palmer admitted that he had killed Cecil the lion in Zimbabwe in 2015, PETA's president, Newkirk, issued a statement on behalf of PETA in which she said:

Hunting is a coward's pastime. If, as has been reported, this dentist and his guides lured Cecil out of the park with food so as to shoot him on private property, because shooting him in the park would have been illegal, he needs to be extradited, charged, and, preferably, hanged.[51]

Undercover work

PETA sends its staff undercover into industries and other facilities that use animals to document the alleged abuse of animals. Investigators may spend many months as employees of a facility, making copies of documents and wearing hidden cameras.[8]

1990s

  • In 1984, PETA produced a 26-minute film, Unnecessary Fuss, based on 60 hours of research video footage stolen by the Animal Liberation Front during a break-in at the University of Pennsylvania's head injury clinic. The footage showed experiments on the baboons with a hydraulic device intended to simulate whiplash. The publicity led to investigations, suspension of grant funding, the firing of a veterinarian, the closure of the research lab, and a period of probation for the university.
  • In 1990, two PETA activists posed as employees of Carolina Biological, where they took pictures and video footage inside the company, alleging that cats were being mistreated.[52] Following the release of PETA's tapes, the USDA conducted its own inspection and subsequently charged the company with seven violations of the Animal Welfare Act.[53] Four years later, an administrative judge ruled that Carolina Biological had not committed any violations.[54]
  • In 1990, Bobby Berosini, a Las Vegas entertainer, lost his wildlife license as well as (on appeal) a later lawsuit against PETA, after PETA broadcast an undercover film of him slapping and punching orangutans in 1989.[55][56]
  • In 1997, PETA made a film from footage obtained by PETA member Michele Rokke, who went undercover to report on UK company Huntingdon Life Sciences, which aired on television. Huntingdon sued PETA, and PETA agreed to drop its campaign against Huntingdon.[57]
  • In 1999, a North Carolina grand jury indicted three workers at a hog farm after three-months of videotaping by a PETA operative while he was employed at the farm. The veterinarian who oversaw the farm said the video PETA had made from the footage was a distortion and was made by someone who "lied during his employment interview".[58]

2000s

  • In 2004, PETA released video tapes taken from eight-months of undercover filming in a West Virginia slaughterhouse that supplies chicken to the fast food industry. The recordings showed workers stomping on live chickens and throwing dozens against a wall. The parent corporation sent in their inspectors and told the plant to take corrective measures or risk losing their contract. Eleven employees were fired and the company introduced an anti-cruelty pledge for workers to sign.[59]
  • For 11 months PETA shot footage inside Covance's Virginia facility. Alleging that the footage showed primates being choked, hit, and denied medical attention, PETA sent the video and a 253-page complaint to the United States Department of Agriculture. The department investigated and Covance was fined $8,720. In 2005, Covance filed a lawsuit. "In exchange for not suing the infiltrator for illegally filming within Covance's lab, which was in breach of contract, PETA US handed over all the video footage to Covance and signed an agreement not to try and infiltrate Covance's laboratories for the next five years."[60][61][62]
  • In 2006, PETA filmed a trainer at Carson & Barnes Circus instructing others to beat the elephants to make them obey. A company spokesman said they stopped using electrical prods on animals after the video was released.[63]
  • In 2007, the owners of a chinchilla ranch in Michigan sued PETA after pretending in 2004 to be interested buyers and secretly filming them, creating a video "Nightmare on Chinchilla Farm". A judge dismissed the case, writing "Undercover investigations are one of the main ways our criminal justice system operates," and noted that investigative television shows "often conduct undercover investigations to reveal improper, unethical, or criminal behavior."[64]
  • In 2008, the famous Spanish singer Alaska collaborated with PETA in a joint campaign with AnimaNaturalis, posing nude in a picture to raise awareness for what she considers cruel activity, bullfighting.[65]

2010s

  • In 2013, PETA investigated angora rabbit farms in China and released video footage showing farmers ripping out the wool from live rabbits while they screamed.[66] In 2015, Inditex announced they would discontinue their use of angora and donated their existing inventory to Syrian refugees. Seventy other retailers had also stopped selling angora wool since the release of PETA's graphic video footage.[67]
  • Between 2012 and 2014, PETA investigated sheep shearing sheds in the wool industry in Australia and the US. PETA sent reports and film footage to local authorities alleging that shearers had kicked and beat sheep, stomped on their heads, necks and legs, punched them with clippers, slammed them onto the floor, and sewed up cuts without pain relief. An American Wool Council spokesperson said "We do not condone or support the actions of anyone that results in the abuse of sheep either intentionally or unintentionally. Rough handling of animals that might result in the injury of a sheep is an unacceptable maneuver during the shearing process or anytime when sheep are handled."[68]
  • In 2014, PETA conducted an undercover investigation of the horse-racing industry, filming seven hours of footage that, as The New York Times reported, "showed mistreatment of the horses to be widespread and cavalier." Noted trainer Steve Asmussen and his top assistant trainer, Scott Blasi, were accused "of subjecting their horses to cruel and injurious treatments, administering drugs to them for nontherapeutic purposes, and having one of their jockeys use an electrical device to shock horses into running faster." The newspaper noted that this investigation "was PETA's first significant step into advocacy in the horse racing world."[69] In November 2015, as a result of PETA's investigation, Asmussen was fined $10,000 by the New York State Gaming Commission. Robert Williams, executive director of the commission, said, "We recognize PETA for playing a role in bringing about changes necessary to make thoroughbred racing safer and fairer for all." By contrast, the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission, which also received PETA's allegations, found that Asmussen did not violate any of its rules. Asmussen remains under investigation by the U.S. Department of Labor for allegedly violating the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.[70] After a thorough investigation, the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission did not bring any charges against Asmussen, stating the allegations "had neither a factual or scientific basis." While the fine from the New York State Gaming Commission was for a minor transgression, the most serious charges were deemed unfounded.[71]
  • In 2015, as The Washington Post reported, PETA investigated Sweet Stem Farm, a pig farm that supplies meat to Whole Foods. The resulting video footage "featured images of pigs, some allegedly sick and not given appropriate care, crowded into hot pens and roughly handled by employees," contradicting both the farm's own video self-portrait and Whole Foods' claims about "humane meat" (a term that PETA maintains is an oxymoron). The Post notes that "[i]n the wake of the PETA investigation, Whole Foods has removed the Sweet Stem video from its Web site."[72] PETA subsequently filed a class-action lawsuit against Whole Foods, "alleging that the chain's claims about animal welfare amount to a 'sham.'"[73] The lawsuit was dismissed by a federal magistrate, who ruled that the store's signage "amounted to permissible 'puffery'" and that "the statement that 'no cages' were used to raise broiler chickens was not misleading merely because Whole Foods failed to also disclose that poultry suppliers normally do not use cages in the first place."[74]
  • Other PETA investigations from around this time focused on crocodile and alligator farms in Texas and Zimbabwe,[75] a monkey breeding facility in Florida,[76] pigeon racing in Taiwan,[77] ostrich slaughterhouses and tanneries in South Africa.[78]
  • CBS News reported in November 2016 that PETA had captured footage from restaurants that serve live octopus, shrimp, and other marine animals. The group's video showed "an octopus writhing as its limbs are severed by a chef at T Equals Fish, a Koreatown sushi restaurant in Los Angeles." PETA noted that octopuses "are considered among the most intelligent invertebrates" and "are capable of feeling pain just as a pig or rabbit would."[79]
  • In December 2016, PETA released video footage from an investigation at Texas A&M University's dog laboratory, which deliberately breeds dogs to contract muscular dystrophy. PETA claims that for "35 years, dogs have suffered in cruel muscular dystrophy experiments ... which haven't resulted in a cure or treatment for reversing the course of muscular dystrophy in humans." The Houston Press noted that "Texas A&M has been less than transparent about the research, and in some cases has denied that the dogs experience pain or discomfort." Among other efforts, PETA placed a billboard to oppose the ineffectual research on animals.[80]
  • Bio Corporation, a company that supplies dead animals for study and dissection, was the subject of a November 2017 PETA undercover investigation. It was claimed that video footage showed workers at the company's facility in Alexandria, Minnesota "drowning fully-conscious pigeons, injecting live crayfish with latex and claiming that they sometimes would freeze turtles to death." PETA brought 25 charges of cruelty to animals against the company. Drowning is not considered an acceptable form of euthanasia, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association, and its standards of humane euthanasia must be followed by companies certified by the United States Department of Agriculture such as Bio Corporation.[81] On April 18, 2018, the case was dismissed and all charges dropped based on the Alexandria City Attorney's Office's assessment that the allegations of cruelty against either pigeons or crayfish were not sufficiently supported. Daniel Paden, PETA's director of evidence analysis, said that PETA is "reviewing its options to protect animals killed at Bio Corporation."[82]
  • In 2018, police raided a PetSmart store in Tennessee, after receiving video footage from PETA. Police confiscated six animals: a guinea pig, mice, and hamsters. PetSmart sued the ex-employee, Jenna Jordan, claiming she was a paid PETA operative who obtained employment at PetSmart stores in Arizona, Florida and Tennessee to obtain recordings which she provided to PETA. Jordan was accused of committing "animal neglect, theft of confidential information, unlawfully surveilled private conversations, and filing false reports with law enforcement under false pretenses in three states."[83][84] In 2019, PetSmart added PETA as a defendant in the lawsuit.[85]
  • On May 1, 2018, PETA released an investigation of the mohair industry that led more than 80 retailers, including UNIQLO and Zappos, to drop products made with mohair. The video evidence "depicts goats being thrown around wood floors, dunked in poisonous cleaning solution or having their ears mutilated with pliers. ... [E]mployees are shown cutting goats' throats, breaking their necks, electrically shocking them and beheading them."[86]

Ag-gag laws

Various U.S. states have passed ag-gag laws to prevent animal rights and animal welfare groups from conducting undercover investigations of operations that use animals. In response, PETA has been involved with other groups bringing lawsuits, citing First Amendment protections for free speech.[87]

Legal proceedings

Two PETA employees were acquitted in 2007 of cruelty to animals after at least 80 euthanized animals were left in dumpsters in a shopping center in Ahoskie, North Carolina, over the course of a month in 2005; the two employees were seen leaving behind 18 dead animals, and 13 more were found inside their van. The animals had been euthanized after being removed from shelters in Northampton and Bertie counties. A Bertie County Deputy Sheriff stated that the two employees assured the Bertie Animal Shelter that "they were picking up the dogs to take them back to Norfolk where they would find them good homes."[93][94] During the trial, Daphna Nachminovitch, the supervisor of PETA's Community Animal Project, said PETA began euthanizing animals in some rural North Carolina shelters after it found the shelters killing animals in ways PETA considers inhumane, including by shooting them. She also stated that the dumping of animals did not follow PETA's policy.[95][96]

In November 2014, a resident of Accomack County, Virginia, produced video evidence that two workers in a van marked with a PETA logo had entered his property in a trailer park and taken his dog, who was then euthanized. He reported the incident to the police, who identified and charged two PETA workers, but the charges were later dropped by the commonwealth attorney on the grounds that it was not possible to prove criminal intent.[97] The trailer park's manager had contacted PETA after a group of residents moved out, leaving their dogs behind, which is why the workers were on the property. The state later determined that PETA had violated state law by failing to ensure that the Chihuahua, who was not wearing a collar or tag, was properly identified and for failing to keep the dog alive for five days before euthanizing the animal. Citing a "severity of this lapse in judgment," the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services issued PETA a first-ever violation and imposed a $500 fine. The contract worker who had taken the dog was dismissed by PETA.[98]

In 2015, PETA sued British nature photographer David Slater in US court as a next friend for a wild macaque monkey, whom they named Naruto. PETA argued that the monkey was entitled to the copyright of a selfie it had taken while handling Slater's camera, and naming themselves to be the administrator of any copyright revenue. The monkey selfie copyright dispute was originally dismissed by Judge Orrick who wrote there is no indication that the Copyright Act extends to animals and a monkey could not own a copyright.[99] PETA appealed,[100] but the Court of Appeals found in favor of Slater saying that "PETA's real motivation in this case was to advance its own interests, not Naruto's." The decision cited Cetacean v. Bush (2004) that says animals cannot sue unless Congress makes it clear in the statute that animals can sue, and added that "next friend" representation cannot be applied to animals.[101] The court also wrote:

"Puzzlingly, while representing to the world that 'animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way,' PETA seems to employ Naruto as an unwitting pawn in its ideological goals."

Video games

PETA has created a number of satirical video games with such names as How Green Is My Diet? and KKK or AKC? Spot the Difference. PETA uses these games to spread attention about animal rights and animal welfare and to advocate vegetarian and vegan diets. PETA's head of online marketing Joel Bartlett said "We've found that parody games are extremely popular. By connecting our message with something people are already interested in, we're able to create more buzz."[102]

In 2017, Ingrid Newkirk sent a letter of complaint to Nintendo about their video game 1-2-Switch, during which players get to milk a cow. In her letter, Newkirk called the game "unrealistic" and wrote "you've taken all the cruelty out of milking". She also suggested that "instead of sugarcoating the subject, Nintendo switch to simulating activities in which no animals suffer."[103]

In March 2020, PETA issued a "Vegan Guide to Animal Crossing" for the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons.[104]

Person of the year

Each year, PETA selects a "Person of the Year" who has helped advance the cause of animal rights.

PETA India

PETA UK

Labels

PETA certifies beauty and cosmetics companies with "Beauty without Bunnies" bunny labels in two tiers. In the first tier ("Animal Test-Free"), the entire company does not use animal testing. The company may still produce non-vegan products. In the second tier ("Cruelty-Free"), the company may not produce non-vegan products. The company is animal test-free and also vegan, i.e. does not use any animal-derived ingredients. If a company carries the PETA "animal test-free" or "cruelty-free" label, it must also have signed agreements with its suppliers that they do not use animal testing.[149]

PETA also awards a "Vegan" label to clothing and furniture products (instead of entire companies), which means that the products are free from animal-derived ingredients, but the companies can still produce non-vegan products.[150][151]

PETA labels
Label PETA Animal Test-Free[149] PETA Cruelty-Free[149] PETA Vegan[151]
Visual label      
Object certified Beauty and cosmetics companies Beauty and cosmetics companies Clothing and furniture products
Meaning All of the company's products animal test-free All of the company's products animal test-free

All of the company's products vegan

Product vegan

Positions

Direct action and the ALF

Newkirk is outspoken in her support of direct action, writing that no movement for social change has ever succeeded without what she calls the militarism component: "Thinkers may prepare revolutions, but bandits must carry them out."[152] Newkirk is a strong supporter of direct action that removes animals from laboratories and other facilities: "When I hear of anyone walking into a lab and walking out with animals, my heart sings."[8] Newkirk was quoted in 1999, "When you see the resistance to basic humane treatment and to the acknowledgment of animals' social needs, I find it small wonder that the laboratories aren't all burning to the ground. If I had more guts, I'd light a match."[153]

Euthanasia

PETA is a strong proponent of euthanasia. They oppose the no-kill movement, and rather than adoption programs, PETA prefers to aim for zero births through spaying and neutering.[154] They recommend not breeding pit bulls, and support euthanasia in certain situations for animals in shelters, such as those being housed for long periods in cramped cages.[155]

Pet as a derogatory term

PETA considers the word pet to be "derogatory and patronises the animal", and prefers the term "companion" or "companion animal". "Animals are not pets," Newkirk has said.[156]

Hearing-ear and seeing-eye dogs

PETA supports hearing dog programs when animals are sourced from shelters and placed in homes, but opposes seeing-eye-dog programs "because the dogs are bred as if there are no equally intelligent dogs literally dying for homes in shelters, they are kept in harnesses almost 24/7".[157]

Animal testing

PETA opposes animal testing—whether toxicity testing, basic or applied research, or for education and training—on both moral and practical grounds. Newkirk told the Vogue magazine in 1989 that even if animal testing resulted in a cure for AIDS, PETA would oppose it.[158] The group also believes that it is wasteful, unreliable, and irrelevant to human health, because artificially induced diseases in animals are not identical to human diseases. They say that animal experiments are frequently redundant and lack accountability, oversight, and regulation. They promote alternatives, including embryonic stem cell research and in vitro cell research.[8]

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The White Coat Waste Project, a group of activists that hold that taxpayers should not have to pay $20 billion every year for experiments on animals,[159] said that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases provided $400,000 in taxpayer money to fund experiments in which 28 beagles were infected by disease-causing parasites.[160][161] The White Coat Project found reports that said dogs taking part in the experiments were "vocalizing in pain" after being injected with foreign substances.[162] Following public outcry, PETA made a call to action that all members of the National Institute of Health resign effective immediately[163] and that there is a "need to find a new NIH director to replace the outgoing Francis Collins who will shut down research that violates the dignity of nonhuman animals."[164]

Controversies

High euthanasia rates

PETA's euthanasia practices have drawn intense scrutiny from lawmakers and criticism from animal rights activists for years. The consistently high percentage of animals euthanized at PETA's shelter has been controversial.[165][166]

In 2008, industry lobby group Center for Consumer Freedom (CCF) said in a news release that "[a]n official report filed by PETA itself shows that the animal rights group put to death nearly every dog, cat, and other pet it took in for adoption in 2006," with a kill rate of 97.4 percent.[167] In 2012, the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services said that it had in the past considered changing PETA's status from "shelter" to "euthanasia clinic", citing PETA's willingness to take in "anything that comes through the door, and other shelters won't do that."[168] PETA acknowledged that it euthanized 95% of the animals at its shelter in 2011.[168]

PETA calls their shelter in Norfolk, Virginia a "shelter of last resort", claiming they only receive old, sick, injured, badly behaved, and otherwise unadoptable animals. Operating as open admission, they take in animals "no one else will", and consider death "a merciful end". In 2014, PETA euthanized over 80% of the shelter's animals and justified its euthanasia policies as "mercy killings".[169][170]

Fueled by public outrage from a 2014 incident where PETA workers took a pet chihuahua from its porch and euthanized it the same day, along with documentation that of the 1,606 cats and 1,025 dogs accepted by the shelter that same year, 1,536 cats and 788 dogs were euthanized, the Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 1381 in 2015 aimed at curtailing the operation of PETA's shelter. The bill defines a private animal shelter as "a facility operated for the purpose of finding permanent adoptive homes for animals."[165][171]

Though risking their legal access to euthanasia drugs, PETA has continued their practices.[165][166] In the chihuahua case, PETA paid a fine and settled a civil claim with the family three years later.[172]

Child targeted messaging

PETA has also been criticized for aiming its message at young people. In the past the company has passed out pamphlets such as Your Daddy Kills Animals, and Your Mommy Kills Animals,[173] both warning children from letting their "addicted to killing" parents have contact with their pets. The pamphlet was called out by the Center for Consumer Freedom, who claimed "There's going to be long-term psychological damage from these kids being exposed to the material that PETA puts in front of them on a regular basis."[174]

As part of its 1999 "McCruelty" campaign, PETA attempted to distribute "Unhappy Meals" to young audiences: a parody of McDonald's Happy Meal. When describing the box, they explained that "PETA's spoof of a McDonald's chicken sandwich box features the image of a knife-wielding Ronald McDonald, along with pictures of birds who have been mutilated and scalded alive. The inside of the Unhappy Meal box is stained with blood and contains a blood-filled packet urging McDonald's to "Ketchup With the Times," a paper cutout of a menacing Ronald McDonald with PETA's parody "I'm Hatin' It" logo, a bloody plastic chicken, and a "Chicken McCruelty" T-shirt wrapped up like a sandwich."[175] The violent imagery was decried by parents who stated "I don't want my son to be around something like this."[176] As part of the same campaign, PETA attempted to place a large statue of a crippled, scalded chicken in front of a McDonalds's in Little Rock, but were denied,[177] and released a short comic book titled Ronald McDonald Kills Animals, in which Ronald McDonald, Grimace, and the Hamburglar unite to kill Birdie's parents, feed them to her unknowingly, then eat her as well.[178]

A similar "Kentucky Fried Cruelty" campaign occurred in 2004, when PETA criticized KFC and distributed "Buckets of Blood" to children: the buckets (meant to mimic KFC's buckets of chicken) included a bag of fake blood, feathers, and bones; a bloody plastic chicken; and a cardboard caricature of a blood-spattered Colonel Sanders holding a butcher knife toward a terrified-looking chicken.[179][180]

A 2013 ad titled Traditional Thanksgiving Dinner from your Family Butcher,[181] was developed using lenticular technology to show parents a benign Thanksgiving promo, but show their children a mother stabbing a live turkey while her children look on in shock.[182][183][184]

"It's Still Going On" campaign

PETA's "It's Still Going On" campaign features newspaper ads comparing widely publicized murder-cannibalization cases to the deaths of animals in slaughterhouses. The campaign has attracted significant media attention, controversy and generated angry responses from the victims' family members. Ads were released in 1991 describing the deaths of the victims of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer,[185] in 2002 describing the deaths of the victims of serial killer Robert William Pickton,[186] and in 2008 describing the killing of Tim McLean.[187] In several cases, newspapers have refused to run the ads.

"Holocaust on Your Plate" campaign

In 2003 PETA composed the "Holocaust on Your Plate" exhibition—eight 60-square-foot (5.6 m2) panels juxtaposing images of Holocaust and concentration camp victims with scenes of factory farming, battery cages, animal carcasses and animals being transported to slaughter, along with captions stating that "Like the Jews murdered in concentration camps, animals are terrorized when they are housed in huge filthy warehouses and rounded up for shipment to slaughter. The leather sofa and handbag are the moral equivalent of the lampshades made from the skins of people killed in the death camps."[188]

The exhibition was quickly criticized by Abraham Foxman[189] and the Anti-Defamation League, who said, "the effort by Peta to compare the deliberate systematic murder of millions of Jews to the issue of animal rights is abhorrent" and "[r]ather than deepen our revulsion against what the Nazis did to the Jews, the project will undermine the struggle to understand the Holocaust and to find a way to make sure such catastrophes never happen again." Alex Herschaft had made similar comparisons in the past, but criticized PETA's use as "careless and reckless" and impersonal.[190] Elie Wiesel was appalled to find the campaign used his own image, calling it possibly the greatest disappointment of his life, and reiterating that "I am not afraid of forgetfulness, I am afraid of banalization, of trivialization and this is part of it."[191] Other detractors included the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[192] and Wesley Smith.[193]

As a response to critics of the UK campaign asking for a ban or some form of censorship, PETA accused them of book burning to further imply Nazi mentality.[194] In 2004 a complaint was made by Paul Spiegel and the Central Council of Jews in Germany, asking the German court to order PETA to halt the campaign and threatening to sue.[189] In July 2009, the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled that PETA's campaign was not protected by free speech laws and banned it within Germany as an offense against human dignity,[195] before later upholding the ban in 2012.[196]

The exhibit had been funded by an anonymous Jewish philanthropist[197] and created by Matt Prescott, who lost several relatives in the Holocaust. Prescott said: "The very same mindset that made the Holocaust possible—that we can do anything we want to those we decide are 'different or inferior'—is what allows us to commit atrocities against animals every single day. ... The fact is, all animals feel pain, fear and loneliness. We're asking people to recognize that what Jews and others went through in the Holocaust is what animals go through every day in factory farms."[197] In addition, PETA claimed a direct influence by the prominent Jewish author Isaac Bashevis Singer,[198] whose grandson, Stephen R. Dujack, supported the exhibition when it traveled to New York, and quotations for the exhibit also pulled from the writings of German philosopher Theodor Adorno.[189] Karen Davis and Gary Yourofsky both voiced their support of the exhibition.

"Are Animals the New Slaves?" exhibit

In 2005, the NAACP criticized the "Are Animals the New Slaves?" exhibit, which showed images of African-American lynching victims and slaves, Native Americans, child laborers, and women, alongside chained elephants and slaughtered cows. Lee Hall, the then director of Friends of Animals, supported the criticism, stating that, "While African-Americans have been systematically degraded by being compared with nonhuman beings, are we to think that angry responses to the pairing of man and monkey were unanticipated?''[199]

Vakiya Courtney, then executive director of America's Black Holocaust Museum, was outraged; images from the exhibit included one taken at the site of the attempted lynching of the museum founder James Cameron, and the successful lynching of his two friends. "How can you possibly compare the brutality that our ancestors experienced here, and the brutality that people like Dr. Cameron had to overcome, to animal cruelty?" Cameron, himself, had a similar response: "They may have treated us like animals back then, but there is no way we should be compared to animals today."[200]

"Got Autism?" campaign

In 2008 and in 2014, PETA conducted an advertising campaign linking milk with autism. Their "Got Autism?" campaign, a play on words mocking the milk industry's Got Milk? ad campaign that ran from 1993 to 2014, stated "Studies have shown a link between cow's milk and autism." PETA also claimed milk was strongly linked to cancer, Crohn's disease, and other diseases.[201][202] When pressed, PETA cited two scientific papers, one from 1995 and one from 2002 using very small samplings of children (36 and 20), and neither showed a correlation nor a causation between milk and autism. Newer studies from 2010 and 2014 came to the same conclusion.[202] Despite having been corrected, in 2014, PETA's Executive Vice President confirmed their position, and additionally stated that dairy consumption contributes to asthma, chronic ear infection, constipation, iron deficiency, anemia, and cancer.[203]

Steven Novella, a clinical neurologist and assistant professor at Yale University School of Medicine, wrote "This is clearly, in my opinion, a campaign of fear mongering based upon a gross distortion of the scientific evidence. The purpose is to advocate for a vegan diet, which fits [PETA's] ideological agenda. They are likely aware that it is easier to spread fears than to reassure with a careful analysis of the scientific evidence."[201]

PETA's campaign has received backlash from the autism community. A 2008 PETA billboard was taken down by the Autistic Self Advocacy Network. In 2017, British food writer, journalist and hunger relief activist Jack Monroe, demanded PETA remove their recipes from their website "with immediate effect coz I wrote them with my autism". PETA removed their recipes, but did not remove the "Got Autism?" article from their website until 2021. It has been argued that the frowny face in the campaign image negatively stereotypes autistic people.[204]

"KKK or AKC?" controversy

In 2009, PETA members dressed up in Ku Klux Klan robes and protested at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show where they passed out brochures[205] implying the Klan and American Kennel Club have the same goal of "pure bloodlines".[206] This protest was continued in the PETA video game KKK or AKC? Spot the Difference.[207]

Criticism of Steve Irwin

 
Steve Irwin at Australia Zoo

PETA has been critical of Australian wildlife expert and zookeeper Steve Irwin. In 2006, when Irwin died, PETA Vice President Dan Mathews said Irwin had made a career out of antagonizing frightened wild animals.[208] Australian Member of Parliament Bruce Scott was disgusted by the comments and said PETA should apologize to Irwin's family and the rest of Australia, and "Isn't it interesting ... how they [PETA] want to treat animals ethically, but cannot even think for a minute whether or not their outlandish comments are ethical towards their fellow human beings."[209]

In 2019, PETA criticized Google for creating a slideshow Google Doodle of Steve Irwin posthumously honoring his 57th birthday.[210] PETA started a Twitter campaign against Irwin, with several tweets criticizing Google for forwarding a dangerous message, and wrote that Irwin was killed while harassing a ray and that he forced animals to perform.[211] A Washington Post editor wrote "PETA can add 'insulting a deceased cultural icon' to its infamous repertoire."[212]

Anti-carnivore sex strike

In 2022, PETA's German division called for a sex strike in which women would refrain from sexual activities with men who ate meat, and also called for men who ate meat to be banned from procreating.[213][214] When pressed on the ban, Laura Weyman-Jones (the Australian division's marketing manager) said that it was a "conversation starter," and not an actual request or threat.[215][216] The company did not reverse its position that meat consumption was a form of toxic masculinity, harmful to the environment, increased male impotency, and should be sin-taxed at an additional 41%.[213][216]

Domain name disputes

Main article: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v. Doughney

In February 1995, a parody website calling itself "People Eating Tasty Animals" registered the domain name "peta.org". PETA sued, claiming trademark violation, and won the suit in 2001; the domain is currently owned by PETA.[217] While still engaged in legal proceedings over "peta.org", PETA themselves registered the domains "ringlingbrothers.com" and "voguemagazine.com", using the sites to accuse Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus and Vogue of animal cruelty. PETA later surrendered the domains under threat of similar legal action over trademark infringement.[218][219]

Position within the animal rights movement

Newkirk on clashes with other animal rights organizations and her feelings about the Animal Liberation Front (3:31)

The more radical activists say the group has lost touch with its grass-roots members, is soft on the idea of animal rights, that it should stop the use of media stunts and nudity in its campaigning, and stop "hogging the spotlight at the expense of its allies in the movement".[220][8]

Robert Garner of the University of Leicester has written that PETA has shaken up the animal rights movement, setting up new groups and radicalizing old ones.[221] According to reviews at Philanthropedia, "PETA paved the way for other national organizations to delve into what used to be controversial issues and are now more mainstream concerns."[222] Michael Specter considers PETA to be the radical that helps the more mainstream message to succeed.[b]

Because of PETA's euthanasia rates at their "shelter of last resort", attorney Nathan Winograd, advocate for the No Kill movement, calls Newkirk of PETA "The Butcher of Norfolk".[223]

Gary Francione, professor of law at Rutgers Law School and a proponent of abolitionism, says that PETA is not an animal rights group because of their willingness to work with industries that use animals to achieve incremental change. Francione says PETA trivializes the movement with their "Three Stooges" theory of animal rights, making the public think progress is underway when the changes are only cosmetic.[224] "Their campaigns are selected more for media image than content."[8] Francione has criticized PETA for having caused grassroots animal rights groups to close, groups that were essential for the survival of the animal rights movement, and rejects the centrality of corporate animal charities. Francione wrote that PETA initially set up independent chapters around the United States, but closed them in favor of a top-down, centralized organization, which not only consolidated decision-making power, but centralized donations. Now, local animal rights donations go to PETA, rather than to a local group.[224]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Some of the examples include eating meat, fishing, the killing of animals regarded as pests, the keeping of chained backyard dogs, cock fighting, dog fighting, beekeeping, hunting, animal testing, pets, guide dogs, zoos, and bullfighting.[4]
  2. ^ "It has been argued many times that in any social movement there has to be somebody radical enough to alienate the mainstream—and to permit more moderate influences to prevail. For every Malcolm X there is a Martin Luther King Jr., and for every Andrea Dworkin there is a Gloria Steinem. Newkirk and PETA provide a similar dynamic for groups like the Humane Society of the United States, which is the biggest animal-welfare organization in the country and far more moderate than PETA. When I asked Newkirk why she didn't enter political campaigns for animal action and lobby more vigorously on Capitol Hill for her positions, she laughed: "Are you kidding? Dear boy, we are the kiss of death. If we are involved, the legislation is automatically dead. We have members yelling at us, 'Why are you not working on these issues?' But activists just beg us to stay the hell out.""[5]

References

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  3. ^ a b Schwartz, Jeffrey M. and Begley, Sharon. The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force, Regan Books, 2002, p. 161ff.
    • Pacheco, Alex and Francione, Anna. The Silver Spring Monkeys, in Peter Singer (ed.) In Defense of Animals, Basil Blackwell 1985, pp. 135–147.
  4. ^ a b c "About PETA". PETA. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d Specter, Michael (April 4, 2003). "The Extremist: The woman behind the most successful radical group in America". The New Yorker. from the original on March 9, 2020.
  6. ^ Phelps, Norm. The longest struggle: animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA. Lantern Books, 2007, p. 227.
  7. ^ "Past Washingtonians of the Year | Washingtonian (DC)". Washingtonian. January 29, 2008. from the original on April 21, 2016.
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  10. ^ * For the "five people in a basement" quote, see Schwartz, Jeffrey and Begley, Sharon. The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. HarperCollins, 2002, p. 161.
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Further reading

  • Pence, Gregory. Classic Cases in Medical Ethics: Accounts of Cases That Have Shaped Medical Ethics. McGraw-Hill, 2007.[ISBN missing]
  • Workman, Dave P. Peta Files: The Dark Side of the Animal Rights Movement, Merril Press, 2003.[ISBN missing]

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
  • Official website  
  • Guide to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Research Files 1980–2001

February 16, 2024
people, ethical, treatment, animals, peta, redirects, here, other, uses, peta, disambiguation, neutrality, this, article, disputed, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, remove, this, message, until, conditions, october, 2023, learn, when, remove, t. PETA redirects here For other uses see PETA disambiguation The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met October 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA ˈ p iː t e is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk Virginia and led by Ingrid Newkirk its international president PETA says that its entities have more than 9 million members globally People for the Ethical Treatment of AnimalsLogo used since 1980FoundedMarch 22 1980 43 years ago 1980 03 22 FoundersIngrid NewkirkAlex PachecoType501 c 3 FocusAnimal rightsLocationNorfolk Virginia United StatesPresidentIngrid Newkirk 1 Senior VP CampaignsDan Mathews 1 RevenueUS 66 3 million 2020 2 Websitewww wbr peta wbr orgFounded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case 3 The organization opposes factory farming fur farming animal testing and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals a The organization has been widely criticized for its controversial campaigns and euthanasia use the latter of which has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers Contents 1 History 1 1 Ingrid Newkirk 1 2 Silver Spring monkeys 1 3 PETA India 1 4 Locations 2 Philosophy and activism 2 1 Profile 2 2 Campaigns and consumer boycotts 2 3 Undercover work 2 3 1 1990s 2 3 2 2000s 2 3 3 2010s 2 4 Ag gag laws 2 5 Legal proceedings 2 6 Video games 2 7 Person of the year 2 7 1 PETA India 2 7 2 PETA UK 2 8 Labels 3 Positions 3 1 Direct action and the ALF 3 2 Euthanasia 3 3 Pet as a derogatory term 3 4 Hearing ear and seeing eye dogs 3 5 Animal testing 3 6 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 4 Controversies 4 1 High euthanasia rates 4 2 Child targeted messaging 4 3 It s Still Going On campaign 4 4 Holocaust on Your Plate campaign 4 5 Are Animals the New Slaves exhibit 4 6 Got Autism campaign 4 7 KKK or AKC controversy 4 8 Criticism of Steve Irwin 4 9 Anti carnivore sex strike 5 Domain name disputes 6 Position within the animal rights movement 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksHistoryIngrid Newkirk source source Newkirk talking about herself and her legacy 11 27 nbsp Ingrid NewkirkIngrid Newkirk was born in England in 1949 and raised in Hertfordshire and later New Delhi India where her father a navigational engineer was stationed Newkirk now an atheist was educated in a convent the only British girl there 5 She moved to the United States as a teenager first studying to become a stockbroker but after taking some abandoned kittens to an animal shelter in 1969 and being appalled by the conditions that she found there she chose a career in animal protection instead 6 She became an animal protection officer for Montgomery County Maryland and then the District of Columbia s first woman poundmaster By 1976 she was head of the animal disease control division of D C s Commission on Public Health and in 1980 was among those named as Washingtonians of the Year 7 nbsp Alex PachecoIn 1980 after her divorce she met Alex Pacheco a political science major at George Washington University 8 He volunteered at the shelter where she worked and they fell in love and began living together 9 Newkirk read Peter Singer s influential book Animal Liberation 1975 and in March 1980 she persuaded Pacheco to join her in forming People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals at that point just five people in a basement as Newkirk described it They were mostly students and members of the local vegetarian society but the group included a friend of Pacheco s from the UK Kim Stallwood a British activist who went on to become the national organizer of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection 10 Silver Spring monkeys nbsp PETA distributed images of the monkeys with the caption This is vivisection Don t let anyone tell you different 11 The group first came to public attention in 1981 during the Silver Spring monkeys case a dispute about experiments conducted by researcher Edward Taub on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring Maryland The case led to the first police raid in the United States on an animal laboratory triggered an amendment in 1985 to the United States Animal Welfare Act and became the first animal testing case to be appealed to the United States Supreme Court 3 which upheld a Louisiana State Court ruling that denied PETA s request for custody of the monkeys 12 Pacheco had taken a job in May 1981 inside a primate research laboratory at the institute intending to gain firsthand experience of working inside an animal laboratory 13 Taub had been cutting sensory ganglia that supplied nerves to the monkeys fingers hands arms and legs a process called deafferentation so that the monkeys could not feel them some of the monkeys had had their entire spinal columns deafferented He then used restraint electric shock and withholding of food and water to force the monkeys to use the deafferented parts of their bodies The research led in part to the discovery of neuroplasticity and a new therapy for stroke victims called constraint induced movement therapy 14 Pacheco went to the laboratory at night taking photographs that showed the monkeys living in what the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research s ILAR Journal called filthy conditions 15 He passed his photographs to the police who raided the lab and arrested Taub Taub was convicted of six counts of cruelty to animals the first such conviction in the United States of an animal researcher the conviction though was overturned on appeal 16 Norm Phelps writes that the case followed the highly publicized campaign of Henry Spira in 1976 against experiments on cats being performed at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and Spira s subsequent campaign in April 1980 against the Draize test These and the Silver Spring monkey case jointly put animal rights on the agenda in the United States 17 The 10 year battle for custody of the monkeys described by The Washington Post as a vicious mud fight during which both sides accused the other of lies and distortion transformed PETA into a national then international movement By February 1991 it claimed over 350 000 supporters a paid staff of over 100 and an annual budget of over 7 million 18 PETA India PETA India was founded in 2000 and is based in Mumbai India 19 PETA and the NGO Animal Rahat authorized by the Animal Welfare Board of India AWBI participated in a nine month investigation of 16 circuses in India After it was said that animals used in circuses were subjected to chronic confinement physical abuse and psychological torment AWBI in 2013 banned the registration of elephants for performance 20 PETA India put up billboards prior to a 2020 annual religious event Eid al Adha where animals are ritualistically slaughtered The billboards depicted goats with the words I am a living being and not just meat Change your view towards us and become a vegan and I am ME Not Mutton See the Individual Go Vegan Muslim clerics wanted to take down the billboards saying that it was hurtful to their religious sentiments 21 22 In July 2020 PETA put up billboards saying This Rakshabandhan protect me Go leather free 23 Locations PETA was based in Rockville Maryland until 1996 when it moved to Norfolk Virginia 24 It opened a Los Angeles division in 2006 24 and also has offices in Washington D C and Oakland California 25 In addition PETA has international affiliates Philosophy and activism nbsp Two young women from PETA body painted to look like foxes protesting against the fur trade next to the Three Smiths Statue in Helsinki Finland on March 25 2010 Profile PETA is an animal rights organization that opposes speciesism and the abuse of animals in any way such as for food clothing entertainment or research 4 In 2020 PETA s website claimed they had 6 5 million supporters 4 and received donations of 49 million for 2019 26 Campaigns and consumer boycotts nbsp PETA s trademark Lettuce ladies in Columbus OhioThe organization is known for aggressive media stunts combined with a solid base of celebrity support in addition to its honorary directors Paul McCartney Alicia Silverstone Eva Mendes Charlize Theron Ellen DeGeneres and many other notable celebrities have appeared in PETA ads 27 Every week Newkirk holds what The New Yorker calls a war council with two dozen of her top strategists gathered at a square table in the PETA conference room with no suggestion considered too kooky or unkind 5 PETA also gives an annual prize called the Proggy Award for progress to individuals or organizations dedicated to animal welfare or who distinguish themselves through their efforts within the area of animal welfare 28 Many of the campaigns have focused on large corporations Fast food companies such as KFC Wendy s and Burger King have been targeted In the animal testing industry PETA s consumer boycotts have focused on Avon Benetton Bristol Myers Squibb Chesebrough Pond s Dow Chemical General Motors and others The group s modus operandi includes buying shares in target companies such as McDonald s and Kraft Foods to exert influence 29 The campaigns have delivered results for PETA McDonald s and Wendy s introduced vegetarian options after PETA targeted them and Polo Ralph Lauren said it would no longer use fur 30 Avon Estee Lauder Benetton and Tonka Toy Co all stopped testing products on animals the Pentagon stopped shooting pigs and goats in wounds tests and a slaughterhouse in Texas was closed down 8 As part of its anti fur action PETA supporters have infiltrated hundreds of fashion shows in the U S and Europe and one in China throwing red paint on the catwalks and unfurling banners Celebrities and supermodels have posed naked for the group s I d Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur campaign some men but mostly women triggering criticism from some feminist animal rights advocates 31 The New Yorker writes that PETA activists have crawled through the streets of Paris wearing leg hold traps and thrown around money soaked in fake blood at the International Fur Fair 5 They sometimes engage in pie throwing in January 2010 Canadian MP Gerry Byrne compared them to terrorists for throwing a tofu cream pie at Canada s fishery minister Gail Shea in protest of the seal slaughter a comment Newkirk called a silly chest beating exercise 32 The thing is we make them gawk she told Satya magazine maybe like a traffic accident that you have to look at 33 PETA has also objected to the practice of mulesing removing strips of wool bearing skin from around the buttocks of a sheep In October 2004 PETA launched a boycott against the Australian wool industry leading some clothing retailers to ban products using Australian wool from their stores 34 In response the Australian wool industry sued PETA arguing among other things that mulesing prevents flystrike a very painful disease that can affect sheep A settlement was reached and PETA agreed to stop the boycott while the wool industry agreed to seek alternatives to mulesing 35 In 2011 PETA named five orcas as plaintiffs and sued SeaWorld over the animals captivity seeking their protection under the Thirteenth Amendment 36 A federal judge heard the case and dismissed it in early 2012 37 In August 2014 SeaWorld announced it was building new orca tanks that would almost double the size of the existing ones to provide more space for its whales PETA responded that a larger prison is still a prison 38 In 2016 SeaWorld admitted that it had been sending its employees to pose as activists to spy on PETA 39 Following an investigation by an outside law firm SeaWorld s Board of Directors directed management to end the practice 40 nbsp PETA supporters campaign against Burberry in an anti fur protest in 2007In 2011 Patricia de Leon was the Hispanic spokesperson for PETA s anti bullfighting campaign 41 Some campaigns have been particularly controversial Newkirk was criticized in 2003 for sending a letter to PLO leader Yasser Arafat asking him to keep animals out of the conflict after a donkey was blown up during an attack in Jerusalem 42 To reduce milk consumption it created the Got Beer campaign a parody of the dairy industry s series of Got Milk ads which featured celebrities with milk mustaches on their upper lips When the mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2000 PETA ran a photograph of him with a white mustache and the words Got prostate cancer to illustrate their claim that dairy products contribute to cancer an ad that caused an outcry in the United States 43 After PETA placed ads in school newspapers linking milk to acne obesity heart disease cancer and strokes Mothers Against Drunk Driving and college officials complained it encouraged underage drinking the British Advertising Standards Authority asked that the ads be discontinued after complaints from interest groups such as The National Farmers Unions 44 In August 2011 it was announced that PETA will be launching a soft pornography website in the xxx domain PETA spokesperson Lindsay Rajt told the Huffington Post We try to use absolutely every outlet to stick up for animals adding that We are careful about what we do and wouldn t use nudity or some of our flashier tactics if we didn t know they worked PETA also used nudity in its Veggie Love ad which it prepared for the Super Bowl only to have it banned by the network PETA s work has drawn the ire of some feminists who argue that the organization sacrifices women s rights to press its agenda Lindsay Beyerstein criticized PETA saying They re the ones drawing disturbing analogies between pornography misogyny and animal cruelty 45 PETA has approached cities to pressure them to change their names including Fishkill New York in 1996 46 Hamburg New York in 2003 47 and Commerce City Colorado in 2007 48 PETA sometimes issues isolated statements or press releases commenting on current events After Lady Gaga wore a dress made of meat in 2010 PETA issued a statement objecting to the dress 49 After a fisherman in Florida was bitten by a shark in 2011 PETA proposed an advertisement showing a shark devouring a human with the caption Payback Is Hell Go Vegan The proposed ad drew criticism from relatives of the injured fisherman 50 After Minnesota dentist Walter Palmer admitted that he had killed Cecil the lion in Zimbabwe in 2015 PETA s president Newkirk issued a statement on behalf of PETA in which she said Hunting is a coward s pastime If as has been reported this dentist and his guides lured Cecil out of the park with food so as to shoot him on private property because shooting him in the park would have been illegal he needs to be extradited charged and preferably hanged 51 Undercover work PETA sends its staff undercover into industries and other facilities that use animals to document the alleged abuse of animals Investigators may spend many months as employees of a facility making copies of documents and wearing hidden cameras 8 1990s In 1984 PETA produced a 26 minute film Unnecessary Fuss based on 60 hours of research video footage stolen by the Animal Liberation Front during a break in at the University of Pennsylvania s head injury clinic The footage showed experiments on the baboons with a hydraulic device intended to simulate whiplash The publicity led to investigations suspension of grant funding the firing of a veterinarian the closure of the research lab and a period of probation for the university In 1990 two PETA activists posed as employees of Carolina Biological where they took pictures and video footage inside the company alleging that cats were being mistreated 52 Following the release of PETA s tapes the USDA conducted its own inspection and subsequently charged the company with seven violations of the Animal Welfare Act 53 Four years later an administrative judge ruled that Carolina Biological had not committed any violations 54 In 1990 Bobby Berosini a Las Vegas entertainer lost his wildlife license as well as on appeal a later lawsuit against PETA after PETA broadcast an undercover film of him slapping and punching orangutans in 1989 55 56 In 1997 PETA made a film from footage obtained by PETA member Michele Rokke who went undercover to report on UK company Huntingdon Life Sciences which aired on television Huntingdon sued PETA and PETA agreed to drop its campaign against Huntingdon 57 In 1999 a North Carolina grand jury indicted three workers at a hog farm after three months of videotaping by a PETA operative while he was employed at the farm The veterinarian who oversaw the farm said the video PETA had made from the footage was a distortion and was made by someone who lied during his employment interview 58 2000s In 2004 PETA released video tapes taken from eight months of undercover filming in a West Virginia slaughterhouse that supplies chicken to the fast food industry The recordings showed workers stomping on live chickens and throwing dozens against a wall The parent corporation sent in their inspectors and told the plant to take corrective measures or risk losing their contract Eleven employees were fired and the company introduced an anti cruelty pledge for workers to sign 59 For 11 months PETA shot footage inside Covance s Virginia facility Alleging that the footage showed primates being choked hit and denied medical attention PETA sent the video and a 253 page complaint to the United States Department of Agriculture The department investigated and Covance was fined 8 720 In 2005 Covance filed a lawsuit In exchange for not suing the infiltrator for illegally filming within Covance s lab which was in breach of contract PETA US handed over all the video footage to Covance and signed an agreement not to try and infiltrate Covance s laboratories for the next five years 60 61 62 In 2006 PETA filmed a trainer at Carson amp Barnes Circus instructing others to beat the elephants to make them obey A company spokesman said they stopped using electrical prods on animals after the video was released 63 In 2007 the owners of a chinchilla ranch in Michigan sued PETA after pretending in 2004 to be interested buyers and secretly filming them creating a video Nightmare on Chinchilla Farm A judge dismissed the case writing Undercover investigations are one of the main ways our criminal justice system operates and noted that investigative television shows often conduct undercover investigations to reveal improper unethical or criminal behavior 64 In 2008 the famous Spanish singer Alaska collaborated with PETA in a joint campaign with AnimaNaturalis posing nude in a picture to raise awareness for what she considers cruel activity bullfighting 65 2010s In 2013 PETA investigated angora rabbit farms in China and released video footage showing farmers ripping out the wool from live rabbits while they screamed 66 In 2015 Inditex announced they would discontinue their use of angora and donated their existing inventory to Syrian refugees Seventy other retailers had also stopped selling angora wool since the release of PETA s graphic video footage 67 Between 2012 and 2014 PETA investigated sheep shearing sheds in the wool industry in Australia and the US PETA sent reports and film footage to local authorities alleging that shearers had kicked and beat sheep stomped on their heads necks and legs punched them with clippers slammed them onto the floor and sewed up cuts without pain relief An American Wool Council spokesperson said We do not condone or support the actions of anyone that results in the abuse of sheep either intentionally or unintentionally Rough handling of animals that might result in the injury of a sheep is an unacceptable maneuver during the shearing process or anytime when sheep are handled 68 In 2014 PETA conducted an undercover investigation of the horse racing industry filming seven hours of footage that as The New York Times reported showed mistreatment of the horses to be widespread and cavalier Noted trainer Steve Asmussen and his top assistant trainer Scott Blasi were accused of subjecting their horses to cruel and injurious treatments administering drugs to them for nontherapeutic purposes and having one of their jockeys use an electrical device to shock horses into running faster The newspaper noted that this investigation was PETA s first significant step into advocacy in the horse racing world 69 In November 2015 as a result of PETA s investigation Asmussen was fined 10 000 by the New York State Gaming Commission Robert Williams executive director of the commission said We recognize PETA for playing a role in bringing about changes necessary to make thoroughbred racing safer and fairer for all By contrast the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission which also received PETA s allegations found that Asmussen did not violate any of its rules Asmussen remains under investigation by the U S Department of Labor for allegedly violating the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 70 After a thorough investigation the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission did not bring any charges against Asmussen stating the allegations had neither a factual or scientific basis While the fine from the New York State Gaming Commission was for a minor transgression the most serious charges were deemed unfounded 71 In 2015 as The Washington Post reported PETA investigated Sweet Stem Farm a pig farm that supplies meat to Whole Foods The resulting video footage featured images of pigs some allegedly sick and not given appropriate care crowded into hot pens and roughly handled by employees contradicting both the farm s own video self portrait and Whole Foods claims about humane meat a term that PETA maintains is an oxymoron The Post notes that i n the wake of the PETA investigation Whole Foods has removed the Sweet Stem video from its Web site 72 PETA subsequently filed a class action lawsuit against Whole Foods alleging that the chain s claims about animal welfare amount to a sham 73 The lawsuit was dismissed by a federal magistrate who ruled that the store s signage amounted to permissible puffery and that the statement that no cages were used to raise broiler chickens was not misleading merely because Whole Foods failed to also disclose that poultry suppliers normally do not use cages in the first place 74 Other PETA investigations from around this time focused on crocodile and alligator farms in Texas and Zimbabwe 75 a monkey breeding facility in Florida 76 pigeon racing in Taiwan 77 ostrich slaughterhouses and tanneries in South Africa 78 CBS News reported in November 2016 that PETA had captured footage from restaurants that serve live octopus shrimp and other marine animals The group s video showed an octopus writhing as its limbs are severed by a chef at T Equals Fish a Koreatown sushi restaurant in Los Angeles PETA noted that octopuses are considered among the most intelligent invertebrates and are capable of feeling pain just as a pig or rabbit would 79 In December 2016 PETA released video footage from an investigation at Texas A amp M University s dog laboratory which deliberately breeds dogs to contract muscular dystrophy PETA claims that for 35 years dogs have suffered in cruel muscular dystrophy experiments which haven t resulted in a cure or treatment for reversing the course of muscular dystrophy in humans The Houston Press noted that Texas A amp M has been less than transparent about the research and in some cases has denied that the dogs experience pain or discomfort Among other efforts PETA placed a billboard to oppose the ineffectual research on animals 80 Bio Corporation a company that supplies dead animals for study and dissection was the subject of a November 2017 PETA undercover investigation It was claimed that video footage showed workers at the company s facility in Alexandria Minnesota drowning fully conscious pigeons injecting live crayfish with latex and claiming that they sometimes would freeze turtles to death PETA brought 25 charges of cruelty to animals against the company Drowning is not considered an acceptable form of euthanasia according to the American Veterinary Medical Association and its standards of humane euthanasia must be followed by companies certified by the United States Department of Agriculture such as Bio Corporation 81 On April 18 2018 the case was dismissed and all charges dropped based on the Alexandria City Attorney s Office s assessment that the allegations of cruelty against either pigeons or crayfish were not sufficiently supported Daniel Paden PETA s director of evidence analysis said that PETA is reviewing its options to protect animals killed at Bio Corporation 82 In 2018 police raided a PetSmart store in Tennessee after receiving video footage from PETA Police confiscated six animals a guinea pig mice and hamsters PetSmart sued the ex employee Jenna Jordan claiming she was a paid PETA operative who obtained employment at PetSmart stores in Arizona Florida and Tennessee to obtain recordings which she provided to PETA Jordan was accused of committing animal neglect theft of confidential information unlawfully surveilled private conversations and filing false reports with law enforcement under false pretenses in three states 83 84 In 2019 PetSmart added PETA as a defendant in the lawsuit 85 On May 1 2018 PETA released an investigation of the mohair industry that led more than 80 retailers including UNIQLO and Zappos to drop products made with mohair The video evidence depicts goats being thrown around wood floors dunked in poisonous cleaning solution or having their ears mutilated with pliers E mployees are shown cutting goats throats breaking their necks electrically shocking them and beheading them 86 Ag gag laws Various U S states have passed ag gag laws to prevent animal rights and animal welfare groups from conducting undercover investigations of operations that use animals In response PETA has been involved with other groups bringing lawsuits citing First Amendment protections for free speech 87 In 2017 a federal judge ruled Utah s ag gag law an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment in a case brought against the state by PETA the Animal Legal Defense Fund and Amy Meyer the director of the Utah Animal Rights Coalition 88 In 2018 Idaho s ag gag law was struck down as unconstitutional in a case brought by ACLU Idaho the ALDF and PETA 89 In 2019 a federal judge struck down Iowa s 2012 ag gag law in a case filed in 2017 by co plaintiffs PETA ALDF ACLU Iowa Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement Bailing Out Benji and Center for Food Safety 90 In 2020 in the case of PETA et al v Stein Judge Schroeder struck four subsections of North Carolina s 2015 Property Protection Act writing the law is declared unconstitutional as applied to them in their exercise of speech The plaintiffs included PETA Center for Food Safety ALDF Farm Sanctuary Food amp Water Watch Government Accountability Project Farm Forward and the ASPCA 91 92 Legal proceedings Two PETA employees were acquitted in 2007 of cruelty to animals after at least 80 euthanized animals were left in dumpsters in a shopping center in Ahoskie North Carolina over the course of a month in 2005 the two employees were seen leaving behind 18 dead animals and 13 more were found inside their van The animals had been euthanized after being removed from shelters in Northampton and Bertie counties A Bertie County Deputy Sheriff stated that the two employees assured the Bertie Animal Shelter that they were picking up the dogs to take them back to Norfolk where they would find them good homes 93 94 During the trial Daphna Nachminovitch the supervisor of PETA s Community Animal Project said PETA began euthanizing animals in some rural North Carolina shelters after it found the shelters killing animals in ways PETA considers inhumane including by shooting them She also stated that the dumping of animals did not follow PETA s policy 95 96 In November 2014 a resident of Accomack County Virginia produced video evidence that two workers in a van marked with a PETA logo had entered his property in a trailer park and taken his dog who was then euthanized He reported the incident to the police who identified and charged two PETA workers but the charges were later dropped by the commonwealth attorney on the grounds that it was not possible to prove criminal intent 97 The trailer park s manager had contacted PETA after a group of residents moved out leaving their dogs behind which is why the workers were on the property The state later determined that PETA had violated state law by failing to ensure that the Chihuahua who was not wearing a collar or tag was properly identified and for failing to keep the dog alive for five days before euthanizing the animal Citing a severity of this lapse in judgment the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services issued PETA a first ever violation and imposed a 500 fine The contract worker who had taken the dog was dismissed by PETA 98 In 2015 PETA sued British nature photographer David Slater in US court as a next friend for a wild macaque monkey whom they named Naruto PETA argued that the monkey was entitled to the copyright of a selfie it had taken while handling Slater s camera and naming themselves to be the administrator of any copyright revenue The monkey selfie copyright dispute was originally dismissed by Judge Orrick who wrote there is no indication that the Copyright Act extends to animals and a monkey could not own a copyright 99 PETA appealed 100 but the Court of Appeals found in favor of Slater saying that PETA s real motivation in this case was to advance its own interests not Naruto s The decision cited Cetacean v Bush 2004 that says animals cannot sue unless Congress makes it clear in the statute that animals can sue and added that next friend representation cannot be applied to animals 101 The court also wrote Puzzlingly while representing to the world that animals are not ours to eat wear experiment on use for entertainment or abuse in any other way PETA seems to employ Naruto as an unwitting pawn in its ideological goals Video games PETA has created a number of satirical video games with such names as How Green Is My Diet and KKK or AKC Spot the Difference PETA uses these games to spread attention about animal rights and animal welfare and to advocate vegetarian and vegan diets PETA s head of online marketing Joel Bartlett said We ve found that parody games are extremely popular By connecting our message with something people are already interested in we re able to create more buzz 102 In 2017 Ingrid Newkirk sent a letter of complaint to Nintendo about their video game 1 2 Switch during which players get to milk a cow In her letter Newkirk called the game unrealistic and wrote you ve taken all the cruelty out of milking She also suggested that instead of sugarcoating the subject Nintendo switch to simulating activities in which no animals suffer 103 In March 2020 PETA issued a Vegan Guide to Animal Crossing for the video game Animal Crossing New Horizons 104 Person of the year Each year PETA selects a Person of the Year who has helped advance the cause of animal rights 2006 Eric Ryan and Adam Lowry founders of Method Products 2007 Robert C Byrd for his passionate defense of animals throughout six decades of public service 105 2008 Oprah Winfrey for using her powerful voice to defend those without one 106 107 2009 Tim Gunn Man of the Year and Ellen DeGeneres Woman of the Year 108 2010 Bill Clinton for his influence to promote the benefits of following a vegan diet 109 110 2011 Russell Simmons for tirelessly advocating for animals and setting a positive example for others by promoting a vegan lifestyle 111 2012 Anjelica Huston for her work to keep animals with their families in the habitats where they belong instead of being used on production sets and fur farms and to pull carriages 112 2013 Ricky Gervais 113 114 2014 Bill de Blasio for his defense of tigers elephants and horses forced to work in New York and his promotion of vegan eating 115 2015 Pope Francis selected for his encouragement to treat animals with kindness and to respect the environment 116 117 2016 Mary Matalin chosen for her fight for the humane treatment of farm animals and monkeys 118 2017 Naruto a monkey unaware of his role in a copyright case 119 120 2018 California Wildfire Heroes 121 122 2019 Joaquin Phoenix 123 2020 Tabitha Brown 124 2021 Billie Eilish 125 126 2022 James Cromwell for speaking out against the live export of pigs from Ireland and pressuring Starbucks to end its vegan milk up charge 127 128 2023 James Gunn 129 130 PETA India 2011 Hema Malini for taking a stand and speaking out for animals 131 2012 R Madhavan for helping make the world a better place for animals 131 2013 Shashi Tharoor 131 2014 K S Panicker Radhakrishnan Man of the year for a landmark judgement banning Jallikattu and Jacqueline Fernandez Woman of the year 131 2015 Kapil Sharma for his dedication in championing the adoption of dogs from animal shelters or the streets 131 2016 Sunny Leone for advocating the support of vegan fashion vegetarianism and cat amp dog adoption sterilisation 131 2017 Anushka Sharma for her wide reaching work for animals from helping to protect dogs from fireworks to advocating for horses who are forced to pull carriages 131 2018 Sonam Kapoor 131 2019 Virat Kohli 131 2020 John Abraham 131 2021 Alia Bhatt for her continuous work in support of an animal friendly fashion industry 131 2022 Sonakshi Sinha for action which helped spare the lives of animals killed for fashion and her strong advocacy for cats and dogs in need 132 133 134 PETA UK 2008 Leona Lewis for his campaign against foie gras 135 2009 Roger Moore 136 2010 Pamela Anderson 137 2011 Morrissey 138 2012 Brian May for badger activism 139 2014 Tony Benn 140 2016 Pamela Anderson 141 2017 Roger Moore 142 2018 Lewis Hamilton 143 2020 Carrie Johnson for her work to protect endangered animals 144 145 146 2023 Paul O Grady for his lifelong determination to make the world a kinder place for animals 147 148 Labels PETA certifies beauty and cosmetics companies with Beauty without Bunnies bunny labels in two tiers In the first tier Animal Test Free the entire company does not use animal testing The company may still produce non vegan products In the second tier Cruelty Free the company may not produce non vegan products The company is animal test free and also vegan i e does not use any animal derived ingredients If a company carries the PETA animal test free or cruelty free label it must also have signed agreements with its suppliers that they do not use animal testing 149 PETA also awards a Vegan label to clothing and furniture products instead of entire companies which means that the products are free from animal derived ingredients but the companies can still produce non vegan products 150 151 PETA labels Label PETA Animal Test Free 149 PETA Cruelty Free 149 PETA Vegan 151 Visual label nbsp nbsp nbsp Object certified Beauty and cosmetics companies Beauty and cosmetics companies Clothing and furniture productsMeaning All of the company s products animal test free All of the company s products animal test free All of the company s products vegan Product veganPositionsDirect action and the ALF Newkirk is outspoken in her support of direct action writing that no movement for social change has ever succeeded without what she calls the militarism component Thinkers may prepare revolutions but bandits must carry them out 152 Newkirk is a strong supporter of direct action that removes animals from laboratories and other facilities When I hear of anyone walking into a lab and walking out with animals my heart sings 8 Newkirk was quoted in 1999 When you see the resistance to basic humane treatment and to the acknowledgment of animals social needs I find it small wonder that the laboratories aren t all burning to the ground If I had more guts I d light a match 153 Euthanasia PETA is a strong proponent of euthanasia They oppose the no kill movement and rather than adoption programs PETA prefers to aim for zero births through spaying and neutering 154 They recommend not breeding pit bulls and support euthanasia in certain situations for animals in shelters such as those being housed for long periods in cramped cages 155 Pet as a derogatory term PETA considers the word pet to be derogatory and patronises the animal and prefers the term companion or companion animal Animals are not pets Newkirk has said 156 Hearing ear and seeing eye dogs PETA supports hearing dog programs when animals are sourced from shelters and placed in homes but opposes seeing eye dog programs because the dogs are bred as if there are no equally intelligent dogs literally dying for homes in shelters they are kept in harnesses almost 24 7 157 Animal testing PETA opposes animal testing whether toxicity testing basic or applied research or for education and training on both moral and practical grounds Newkirk told the Vogue magazine in 1989 that even if animal testing resulted in a cure for AIDS PETA would oppose it 158 The group also believes that it is wasteful unreliable and irrelevant to human health because artificially induced diseases in animals are not identical to human diseases They say that animal experiments are frequently redundant and lack accountability oversight and regulation They promote alternatives including embryonic stem cell research and in vitro cell research 8 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases The White Coat Waste Project a group of activists that hold that taxpayers should not have to pay 20 billion every year for experiments on animals 159 said that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases provided 400 000 in taxpayer money to fund experiments in which 28 beagles were infected by disease causing parasites 160 161 The White Coat Project found reports that said dogs taking part in the experiments were vocalizing in pain after being injected with foreign substances 162 Following public outcry PETA made a call to action that all members of the National Institute of Health resign effective immediately 163 and that there is a need to find a new NIH director to replace the outgoing Francis Collins who will shut down research that violates the dignity of nonhuman animals 164 ControversiesHigh euthanasia rates PETA s euthanasia practices have drawn intense scrutiny from lawmakers and criticism from animal rights activists for years The consistently high percentage of animals euthanized at PETA s shelter has been controversial 165 166 In 2008 industry lobby group Center for Consumer Freedom CCF said in a news release that a n official report filed by PETA itself shows that the animal rights group put to death nearly every dog cat and other pet it took in for adoption in 2006 with a kill rate of 97 4 percent 167 In 2012 the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services said that it had in the past considered changing PETA s status from shelter to euthanasia clinic citing PETA s willingness to take in anything that comes through the door and other shelters won t do that 168 PETA acknowledged that it euthanized 95 of the animals at its shelter in 2011 168 PETA calls their shelter in Norfolk Virginia a shelter of last resort claiming they only receive old sick injured badly behaved and otherwise unadoptable animals Operating as open admission they take in animals no one else will and consider death a merciful end In 2014 PETA euthanized over 80 of the shelter s animals and justified its euthanasia policies as mercy killings 169 170 Fueled by public outrage from a 2014 incident where PETA workers took a pet chihuahua from its porch and euthanized it the same day along with documentation that of the 1 606 cats and 1 025 dogs accepted by the shelter that same year 1 536 cats and 788 dogs were euthanized the Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 1381 in 2015 aimed at curtailing the operation of PETA s shelter The bill defines a private animal shelter as a facility operated for the purpose of finding permanent adoptive homes for animals 165 171 Though risking their legal access to euthanasia drugs PETA has continued their practices 165 166 In the chihuahua case PETA paid a fine and settled a civil claim with the family three years later 172 Child targeted messaging PETA has also been criticized for aiming its message at young people In the past the company has passed out pamphlets such as Your Daddy Kills Animals and Your Mommy Kills Animals 173 both warning children from letting their addicted to killing parents have contact with their pets The pamphlet was called out by the Center for Consumer Freedom who claimed There s going to be long term psychological damage from these kids being exposed to the material that PETA puts in front of them on a regular basis 174 As part of its 1999 McCruelty campaign PETA attempted to distribute Unhappy Meals to young audiences a parody of McDonald s Happy Meal When describing the box they explained that PETA s spoof of a McDonald s chicken sandwich box features the image of a knife wielding Ronald McDonald along with pictures of birds who have been mutilated and scalded alive The inside of the Unhappy Meal box is stained with blood and contains a blood filled packet urging McDonald s to Ketchup With the Times a paper cutout of a menacing Ronald McDonald with PETA s parody I m Hatin It logo a bloody plastic chicken and a Chicken McCruelty T shirt wrapped up like a sandwich 175 The violent imagery was decried by parents who stated I don t want my son to be around something like this 176 As part of the same campaign PETA attempted to place a large statue of a crippled scalded chicken in front of a McDonalds s in Little Rock but were denied 177 and released a short comic book titled Ronald McDonald Kills Animals in which Ronald McDonald Grimace and the Hamburglar unite to kill Birdie s parents feed them to her unknowingly then eat her as well 178 A similar Kentucky Fried Cruelty campaign occurred in 2004 when PETA criticized KFC and distributed Buckets of Blood to children the buckets meant to mimic KFC s buckets of chicken included a bag of fake blood feathers and bones a bloody plastic chicken and a cardboard caricature of a blood spattered Colonel Sanders holding a butcher knife toward a terrified looking chicken 179 180 A 2013 ad titled Traditional Thanksgiving Dinner from your Family Butcher 181 was developed using lenticular technology to show parents a benign Thanksgiving promo but show their children a mother stabbing a live turkey while her children look on in shock 182 183 184 It s Still Going On campaign PETA s It s Still Going On campaign features newspaper ads comparing widely publicized murder cannibalization cases to the deaths of animals in slaughterhouses The campaign has attracted significant media attention controversy and generated angry responses from the victims family members Ads were released in 1991 describing the deaths of the victims of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer 185 in 2002 describing the deaths of the victims of serial killer Robert William Pickton 186 and in 2008 describing the killing of Tim McLean 187 In several cases newspapers have refused to run the ads Holocaust on Your Plate campaign In 2003 PETA composed the Holocaust on Your Plate exhibition eight 60 square foot 5 6 m2 panels juxtaposing images of Holocaust and concentration camp victims with scenes of factory farming battery cages animal carcasses and animals being transported to slaughter along with captions stating that Like the Jews murdered in concentration camps animals are terrorized when they are housed in huge filthy warehouses and rounded up for shipment to slaughter The leather sofa and handbag are the moral equivalent of the lampshades made from the skins of people killed in the death camps 188 The exhibition was quickly criticized by Abraham Foxman 189 and the Anti Defamation League who said the effort by Peta to compare the deliberate systematic murder of millions of Jews to the issue of animal rights is abhorrent and r ather than deepen our revulsion against what the Nazis did to the Jews the project will undermine the struggle to understand the Holocaust and to find a way to make sure such catastrophes never happen again Alex Herschaft had made similar comparisons in the past but criticized PETA s use as careless and reckless and impersonal 190 Elie Wiesel was appalled to find the campaign used his own image calling it possibly the greatest disappointment of his life and reiterating that I am not afraid of forgetfulness I am afraid of banalization of trivialization and this is part of it 191 Other detractors included the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 192 and Wesley Smith 193 As a response to critics of the UK campaign asking for a ban or some form of censorship PETA accused them of book burning to further imply Nazi mentality 194 In 2004 a complaint was made by Paul Spiegel and the Central Council of Jews in Germany asking the German court to order PETA to halt the campaign and threatening to sue 189 In July 2009 the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled that PETA s campaign was not protected by free speech laws and banned it within Germany as an offense against human dignity 195 before later upholding the ban in 2012 196 The exhibit had been funded by an anonymous Jewish philanthropist 197 and created by Matt Prescott who lost several relatives in the Holocaust Prescott said The very same mindset that made the Holocaust possible that we can do anything we want to those we decide are different or inferior is what allows us to commit atrocities against animals every single day The fact is all animals feel pain fear and loneliness We re asking people to recognize that what Jews and others went through in the Holocaust is what animals go through every day in factory farms 197 In addition PETA claimed a direct influence by the prominent Jewish author Isaac Bashevis Singer 198 whose grandson Stephen R Dujack supported the exhibition when it traveled to New York and quotations for the exhibit also pulled from the writings of German philosopher Theodor Adorno 189 Karen Davis and Gary Yourofsky both voiced their support of the exhibition Are Animals the New Slaves exhibit In 2005 the NAACP criticized the Are Animals the New Slaves exhibit which showed images of African American lynching victims and slaves Native Americans child laborers and women alongside chained elephants and slaughtered cows Lee Hall the then director of Friends of Animals supported the criticism stating that While African Americans have been systematically degraded by being compared with nonhuman beings are we to think that angry responses to the pairing of man and monkey were unanticipated 199 Vakiya Courtney then executive director of America s Black Holocaust Museum was outraged images from the exhibit included one taken at the site of the attempted lynching of the museum founder James Cameron and the successful lynching of his two friends How can you possibly compare the brutality that our ancestors experienced here and the brutality that people like Dr Cameron had to overcome to animal cruelty Cameron himself had a similar response They may have treated us like animals back then but there is no way we should be compared to animals today 200 Got Autism campaign In 2008 and in 2014 PETA conducted an advertising campaign linking milk with autism Their Got Autism campaign a play on words mocking the milk industry s Got Milk ad campaign that ran from 1993 to 2014 stated Studies have shown a link between cow s milk and autism PETA also claimed milk was strongly linked to cancer Crohn s disease and other diseases 201 202 When pressed PETA cited two scientific papers one from 1995 and one from 2002 using very small samplings of children 36 and 20 and neither showed a correlation nor a causation between milk and autism Newer studies from 2010 and 2014 came to the same conclusion 202 Despite having been corrected in 2014 PETA s Executive Vice President confirmed their position and additionally stated that dairy consumption contributes to asthma chronic ear infection constipation iron deficiency anemia and cancer 203 Steven Novella a clinical neurologist and assistant professor at Yale University School of Medicine wrote This is clearly in my opinion a campaign of fear mongering based upon a gross distortion of the scientific evidence The purpose is to advocate for a vegan diet which fits PETA s ideological agenda They are likely aware that it is easier to spread fears than to reassure with a careful analysis of the scientific evidence 201 PETA s campaign has received backlash from the autism community A 2008 PETA billboard was taken down by the Autistic Self Advocacy Network In 2017 British food writer journalist and hunger relief activist Jack Monroe demanded PETA remove their recipes from their website with immediate effect coz I wrote them with my autism PETA removed their recipes but did not remove the Got Autism article from their website until 2021 It has been argued that the frowny face in the campaign image negatively stereotypes autistic people 204 KKK or AKC controversy In 2009 PETA members dressed up in Ku Klux Klan robes and protested at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show where they passed out brochures 205 implying the Klan and American Kennel Club have the same goal of pure bloodlines 206 This protest was continued in the PETA video game KKK or AKC Spot the Difference 207 Criticism of Steve Irwin nbsp Steve Irwin at Australia ZooPETA has been critical of Australian wildlife expert and zookeeper Steve Irwin In 2006 when Irwin died PETA Vice President Dan Mathews said Irwin had made a career out of antagonizing frightened wild animals 208 Australian Member of Parliament Bruce Scott was disgusted by the comments and said PETA should apologize to Irwin s family and the rest of Australia and Isn t it interesting how they PETA want to treat animals ethically but cannot even think for a minute whether or not their outlandish comments are ethical towards their fellow human beings 209 In 2019 PETA criticized Google for creating a slideshow Google Doodle of Steve Irwin posthumously honoring his 57th birthday 210 PETA started a Twitter campaign against Irwin with several tweets criticizing Google for forwarding a dangerous message and wrote that Irwin was killed while harassing a ray and that he forced animals to perform 211 A Washington Post editor wrote PETA can add insulting a deceased cultural icon to its infamous repertoire 212 Anti carnivore sex strike In 2022 PETA s German division called for a sex strike in which women would refrain from sexual activities with men who ate meat and also called for men who ate meat to be banned from procreating 213 214 When pressed on the ban Laura Weyman Jones the Australian division s marketing manager said that it was a conversation starter and not an actual request or threat 215 216 The company did not reverse its position that meat consumption was a form of toxic masculinity harmful to the environment increased male impotency and should be sin taxed at an additional 41 213 216 Domain name disputesMain article People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v Doughney In February 1995 a parody website calling itself People Eating Tasty Animals registered the domain name peta org PETA sued claiming trademark violation and won the suit in 2001 the domain is currently owned by PETA 217 While still engaged in legal proceedings over peta org PETA themselves registered the domains ringlingbrothers com and voguemagazine com using the sites to accuse Ringling Brothers and Barnum amp Bailey Circus and Vogue of animal cruelty PETA later surrendered the domains under threat of similar legal action over trademark infringement 218 219 Position within the animal rights movement source source Newkirk on clashes with other animal rights organizations and her feelings about the Animal Liberation Front 3 31 The more radical activists say the group has lost touch with its grass roots members is soft on the idea of animal rights that it should stop the use of media stunts and nudity in its campaigning and stop hogging the spotlight at the expense of its allies in the movement 220 8 Robert Garner of the University of Leicester has written that PETA has shaken up the animal rights movement setting up new groups and radicalizing old ones 221 According to reviews at Philanthropedia PETA paved the way for other national organizations to delve into what used to be controversial issues and are now more mainstream concerns 222 Michael Specter considers PETA to be the radical that helps the more mainstream message to succeed b Because of PETA s euthanasia rates at their shelter of last resort attorney Nathan Winograd advocate for the No Kill movement calls Newkirk of PETA The Butcher of Norfolk 223 Gary Francione professor of law at Rutgers Law School and a proponent of abolitionism says that PETA is not an animal rights group because of their willingness to work with industries that use animals to achieve incremental change Francione says PETA trivializes the movement with their Three Stooges theory of animal rights making the public think progress is underway when the changes are only cosmetic 224 Their campaigns are selected more for media image than content 8 Francione has criticized PETA for having caused grassroots animal rights groups to close groups that were essential for the survival of the animal rights movement and rejects the centrality of corporate animal charities Francione wrote that PETA initially set up independent chapters around the United States but closed them in favor of a top down centralized organization which not only consolidated decision making power but centralized donations Now local animal rights donations go to PETA rather than to a local group 224 See alsoDirect Action Everywhere European Vegetarian Union International Vegetarian Union Mercy for Animals Women and animal advocacy List of animal rights advocates List of animal rights groups Open rescue VeganismNotes Some of the examples include eating meat fishing the killing of animals regarded as pests the keeping of chained backyard dogs cock fighting dog fighting beekeeping hunting animal testing pets guide dogs zoos and bullfighting 4 It has been argued many times that in any social movement there has to be somebody radical enough to alienate the mainstream and to permit more moderate influences to prevail For every Malcolm X there is a Martin Luther King Jr and for every Andrea Dworkin there is a Gloria Steinem Newkirk and PETA provide a similar dynamic for groups like the Humane Society of the United States which is the biggest animal welfare organization in the country and far more moderate than PETA When I asked Newkirk why she didn t enter political campaigns for animal action and lobby more vigorously on Capitol Hill for her positions she laughed Are you kidding Dear boy we are the kiss of death If we are involved the legislation is automatically dead We have members yelling at us Why are you not working on these issues But activists just beg us to stay the hell out 5 References a b Meet PETA s Leadership PETA August 18 2010 Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved October 11 2020 Financial Reports PETA June 23 2010 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Schwartz Jeffrey M and Begley Sharon The Mind and the Brain Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force Regan Books 2002 p 161ff Pacheco Alex and Francione Anna The Silver Spring Monkeys in Peter Singer ed In Defense of Animals Basil Blackwell 1985 pp 135 147 a b c About PETA PETA Retrieved September 26 2021 a b c d Specter Michael April 4 2003 The Extremist The woman behind the most successful radical group in America The New Yorker Archived from the original on March 9 2020 Phelps Norm The longest struggle animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA Lantern Books 2007 p 227 Past Washingtonians of the Year Washingtonian DC Washingtonian January 29 2008 Archived from the original on April 21 2016 a b c d e f g Rosenberg Howard March 22 1992 FIGHTING TOOTH amp CLAW INGRID NEWKIRK S COMBATIVE STYLE AND HEADLINE GRABBING STUNTS HAVE SHAKEN UP THE ANIMAL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on July 21 2020 Guillermo Kathy Snow Monkey Business National Press Books 1993 p 18 For the five people in a basement quote see Schwartz Jeffrey and Begley Sharon The Mind and the Brain Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force HarperCollins 2002 p 161 For the early membership of PETA and Pacheco s background see Phelps Norm The longest struggle animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA Lantern Books 2007 p 229 For Kim Stallwood s involvement see Liddick Don Eco Terrorism Greenwood Publishing Company 2006 p 53 Carbone Larry 2004 What Animals Want Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy Oxford University Press p 149 see figure 4 2 Curnutt Jordan 2001 Animals and the Law A Sourcebook Santa Barbara Ca ABC CLIO pp 55 57 ISBN 1576071472 Retrieved August 12 2010 Pacheco Alex Testimony on the Silver Spring monkeys case U S House Subcommittee on Science Research and Technology PETA Retrieved June 26 2010 Archived July 16 2011 at the Wayback Machine Doidge Norman The Brain That Changes Itself Viking Penguin 2007 p 141 Johnson David Review of The Mind and the Brain Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force curledup com 2003 Retrieved June 26 2010 For information about the neuroplasticity studies see Leary Warren E Renewal of Brain Is Found In Disputed Monkey Tests The New York Times June 28 1991 Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Archived January 3 2007 at the Wayback Machine excerpted from A Rehab Revolution Stroke Connection Magazine September October 2004 Retrieved June 26 2010 Sideris Lisa et al Roots of Concern with Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Ethics Archived from the original on September 1 2006 Retrieved June 3 2008 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research ILAR Journal V40 1 1999 Schwartz Jeffrey M and Begley Sharon The Mind and the Brain Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force Regan Books 2002 p 161 Phelps Norm The longest struggle animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA Lantern Books 2007 p 233 For the view that the case was pivotal to the animal rights movement see Leary Warren E Renewal of Brain Is Found In Disputed Monkey Tests The New York Times June 28 1991 Carlson Peter The Great Silver Spring Monkey Debate Archived July 30 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post February 24 1991 About PETA petaindia com Elephants Still Being Subjected to Torture in Indian Circuses PETA NDTV India October 5 2014 Retrieved May 16 2016 Ahmad Qazi Faraz July 4 2020 With Photo of a Goat PETA s Go Vegan Hoardings in Lucknow Spark Row Locals Say it Hurts Sentiments Ahead of Bakri Eid News18 India Retrieved July 19 2020 Ahead of Bakra Eid 2020 PETA Starts Campaign to Stop the Sacrifice of Goats Urges People to Go Vegan India com July 1 2020 Retrieved July 19 2020 PETA Puts Up Posters For Raksha Bandhan Asking Indians to Protect Cows Internet is Confused News18 July 17 2020 Retrieved December 29 2020 a b PETA to move 40 Norfolk workers to Los Angeles The Virginian Pilot Archived from the original on October 29 2012 Retrieved May 9 2013 Join Our Team PETA October 25 2013 Financial Reports PETA June 23 2010 Archived from the original on October 4 2020 Pictures PETA s Famous Faces Chicago Tribune Retrieved June 22 2015 Servando Kristine March 4 2009 7 companies win PETA s Proggy Awards ABS CBNnews com Retrieved August 5 2010 For example as shareholders of YUM Brands which owns KFC PETA submitted a shareholders resolution asking for more humane treatment of the animals KFC processes For the Yum story see PETA resolution among five for Yum shareholders Business First May 18 2005 For some of the companies PETA has boycotted see Friedman Monroe Consumer Boycotts Effecting Change through the Marketplace and the Media Routledge 1999 p 181ff and particularly p 186 For the purchase of shares in McDonald s and Kraft see Peta buys stock to gain influence in US boardrooms The Daily Telegraph May 24 2010 For McDonald s see McDonald s eyes PETA friendly option CNN December 29 2004 For Wendy s see Wendy s steps up animal welfare standards USA Today September 5 2001 For Polo Ralph Lauren see Peta claims victory as fashion house drops fur Associated Press June 10 2006 Fashion and Dress Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2006 Here s the rest of your fur coat Retrieved June 26 2010 also see webcitation org Francione Gary Rain without Thunder The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement Temple University Press p 74 Pie hit should earn PETA terrorist label MP CBC News January 26 2010 Pie tossing is terrorism MP says Archived June 6 2011 at the Wayback Machine Toronto Star January 26 2010 The Satya Interview With Ingrid Newkirk Part II Activism and Controversy Archived from the original on May 15 2001 Retrieved May 15 2001 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Satya January 2001 Retrieved June 27 2010 Berry Petrina June 21 2010 UK retailer bans Aussie mulesing wool The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved June 21 2010 Smith Wesley A Rat Is a Pig Is a Dog Is a Boy The Human Cost of the Animal Rights Movement Encounter Books 2010 pp 94 98 Emily Feldman PETA Sues SeaWorld Over Killer Whale Enslavement NBC10 7 February 2012 California Suit That Called Whales Slaves Is Dismissed Associated Press February 8 2012 SeaWorld to redesign tank for Killer Whales amid public criticism The Orlando News Net August 16 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Bever Lindsey February 25 2016 Beleaguered SeaWorld admits employees spied on animal rights activists The Washington Post Pedicini Sandra February 25 2016 SeaWorld admits employees posed as animal activists to spy on critics Orlando Sentinel Nayyar Namita October 19 2016 Patricia de Leon Exceptionally Talented amp Accomplished Panamanian Actress Reveals Her Success Mantra Women Fitness For the letter to Arafat see PETA s letter to Yasser Arafat Archived November 28 2009 at the Wayback Machine February 3 2003 Dougherty Kerry Arafat gets ass inine plea from PETA on intifada Jewish World Review February 10 2003 For Holocaust on your Plate see Teather David Holocaust on a plate angers US Jews The Guardian March 3 2003 Phelps Norm The longest struggle animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA Lantern Books 2007 p 241 For PETA s response see Lueck Thomas J PETA Offers An Apology To Giuliani For Milk Ads The New York Times September 2 2000 For the Mothers Against Drunk Driving complaint see Johnson Mike and Spice Linda Saving face PETA s new anti milk ad campaign aimed at teens angers AG department Milwaukee Journal Sentinel May 20 2000 For the other complaints see Anti milk ad campaign will continue BBC News September 4 2001 For PETA s material see www milksucks com PETA Retrieved June 27 2010 White Madeline August 23 2011 PETA to launch porn website Is this still about animal rights The Globe and Mail Toronto Archived from the original on August 24 2011 Retrieved August 23 2011 A fishy name will stay the same CNN September 6 1996 Archived from the original on October 9 2012 Holguin Jaime April 22 2003 PETA Woos Hamburgers With Rare Offer CBS News Archived from the original on February 26 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Pluck You Hmm Would you rather live in Commerce City or KentuckyFriedCruelty com Westword March 22 2007 Archived from the original on October 7 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Lady Gaga s Meat Dress Archived November 14 2013 at the Wayback Machine September 13 2010 Ingrid Newkirk Mother of Shark Attack Victim Says PETA Campaign Is Over the Top Joshua Rhett Miller Fox News September 29 2011 Miller Michael E July 30 2015 PETA calls for Walter Palmer to be hanged for killing Cecil the lion The Washington Post Washington Retrieved July 30 2015 Avery Sarah October 29 1990 Beleaguered Supplier Denies Animal Cruelty Greensboro News amp Record Hearing Begins for Carolina Biological The Times News Associated Press March 9 1993 via Google News Archive Hall David A May 19 1994 Company Cleared of Animal Cruelty Charges by Judge Greensboro News and Record via NewsBank permanent dead link Hearne Vicki November 1 1993 Can an ape tell a joke Harper s Magazine News Media Update February 22 1994 High court throws out 4 2 million judgment animal trainer won in libel privacy suit Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press Archived from the original on June 11 2011 Retrieved June 26 2010 Doward Jamie Townsend Mark July 31 2004 Focus animal activists Beauty and the beasts The Guardian PETA probe spurs indictment of three for cruelty to pigs Free Lance Star Associated Press July 8 1999 via Google News Archive McNeil Donald G July 25 2004 The Nation Gaining Ground At Last a Company Takes PETA Seriously The New York Times Buske Jennifer August 3 2008 PETA Urges Withdrawal Of Support for Drug Test Lab The Washington Post Benz Kathy McManus Michael May 17 2005 PETA accuses lab of animal cruelty CNN Barnes Kirsty May 3 2007 Latest in Covance and GSKs tussles with animal rights organisations outsourcing pharma com Miroff Nick September 21 2006 Rights Group Targets Circus The Washington Post Rood Justin April 13 2007 Undercover Cameras OK Judge Rules ABC News Archived from the original on April 26 2007 Alaska desnuda contra las corridas de toros 20minutos es in Spanish Kanso Heba November 20 2013 PETA releases video of angora rabbit investigation in China CBS News Elejalde Ruiz Alexia February 9 2015 Zara parent bans sales of Angora wool donates fur to Syrian refugees Chicago Tribune Schecter Anna July 9 2014 PETA There s No Such Thing as Humane Wool NBC News Drape Joe PETA Accuses Two Trainers of Cruelty to Horses The New York Times March 19 2014 Drape Joe Steve Asmussen Fined for Violating Horse Racing s Drug Rules The New York Times November 23 2015 Privman Jay Asmussens outrun personal professional trials ABC News May 4 2016 Moyer Justin Wm Another Whole Foods mess Abuse alleged at pig farm linked to chain The Washington Post September 21 2015 Mitchell Dan Whole Foods hit with another lawsuit Fortune September 23 2015 Stempel Jonathan Whole Foods wins dismissal of PETA lawsuit over meat claims Reuters April 27 2016 Gibson Kate The price of luxury Storied brand tied to animal abuse CBS News June 24 2015 Luscombe Richard Monkeygate scandal hits Florida as breeding farms face abuse investigation The Guardian July 6 2015 AFP Taiwan charges pigeon owners over flutter on races Bangkok Post September 27 2015 Curkin Charles PETA Revives Luxury Fight The New York Times February 25 2016 CBS News Calif restaurants serving live squirming octopus taking heat from PETA CBS News November 17 2016 Malisow Craig New PETA Billboard Takes Aim at Texas A amp M Dog Experiments Houston Press September 20 2017 Hugo Kristin Watch Company Caught on Video Drowning Live Pigeons for Student Dissection Charged with 25 Counts of Animal Cruelty Newsweek January 10 2018 Edenloff Al Charges dropped against Bio Corp Echo Press April 24 2018 Mojica Adrian Jorge Kaylin June 26 2018 Petsmart sues former employee PETA activist connected to Bellevue raid WZTV PetSmart Suing Over Undercover PETA Stings WTVF June 26 2018 PetSmart Adds PETA to Smear Campaign Lawsuit Pet Product News May 14 2019 Archived from the original on May 14 2019 Weinberg Lindsay PETA Expose About Cruelty of Mohair Production Spurs Retail Bans The Hollywood Reporter May 24 2018 What Is Ag Gag Legislation ASPCA Chappell Bill Judge Overturns Utah s Ag Gag Ban On Undercover Filming At Farms NPR July 8 2017 Berry Harrison January 5 2018 Ninth Circuit Appeals Court Strikes Down Key Provisions of Ag Gag Law Boise Weekly Archived from the original on January 19 2018 Reinitz Jeff January 9 2019 UPDATE Federal judge strikes down Iowa s Ag Gag law wcfcourier com Robertson Gary D June 15 2020 Judge Throws Out Parts of N C Workplace Undercover Law U S News amp World Report PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS INC ET AL V STEIN ET AL pacermonitor com Retrieved July 8 2020 PETA Employees Face 31 Felony Animal Cruelty Charges for Killing Dumping Dogs Archived from the original on March 8 2007 Retrieved June 21 2006 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Lincoln Tribune King Lauren PETA Workers Cleared of Animal Cruelty Guilty of Littering Archived November 8 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Virginian Pilot February 3 2007 DA probes into PETA procedures The Roanoke Chowan News Herald January 31 2007 Retrieved October 16 2012 The Dilemma of the Unwanted San Francisco Chronicle June 30 2005 Deanna leBlanc November 12 2014 Man claims PETA stole killed family pet Archived February 21 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved February 26 2015 Edwards Jonathan Family of euthanized Chihuahua sues PETA PilotOnline com The Virginian Pilot Archived from the original on May 9 2016 Retrieved January 19 2016 Domonoske Camila January 7 2016 Monkey Can t Own Copyright To His Selfie Federal Judge Says NPR Retrieved January 1 2019 Berlinger Joshua September 12 2017 PPETA photographer reach settlement in monkey selfie case CNN Retrieved February 25 2019 Jeong Sarah April 24 2018 Appeals court blasts PETA for using selfie monkey as an unwitting pawn The Verge An Interview with PETA Game Developer Gameranx October 21 2013 Frank Allegra March 31 2017 PETA takes aim at Nintendo for 1 2 Switch s milking minigame Polygon Retrieved March 8 2019 Craddock Ryan March 24 2020 PETA Takes A Dig At Animal Crossing New Horizons With Vegan Guide To The Game Nintendo Life Retrieved June 29 2021 PETA December 26 2007 Senator Named PETA s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 PETA Picks Oprah Winfrey Person of the Year Peoplemag Retrieved December 8 2023 Winfrey named PETA s Person of the Year San Francisco Chronicle December 22 2008 Retrieved December 8 2023 Bennett Karin December 30 2009 PETA Names Man and Woman of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Bill Clinton Named PETA s 2010 Person of the Year PETA December 14 2010 Retrieved December 8 2023 Mesure Susie January 2 2011 Bill Clinton is named the animal world s new best friend The Independent Retrieved December 8 2023 Russell Simmons Named PETA s 2011 Person of the Year PETA December 7 2011 Retrieved December 8 2023 Anjelica Huston Named PETA s 2012 Person of the Year PETA December 27 2012 Retrieved December 8 2023 Mullins Alisa December 23 2013 Ricky Gervais Is PETA s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 PETA s Person of the Year NZ Herald December 9 2023 Retrieved December 8 2023 Mullins Alisa December 18 2014 New York Mayor Bill de Blasio Named PETA s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 White Daniel December 1 2015 Pope Francis is PETA s Person of the Year Time Reynolds Michelle December 1 2015 Why Is Pope Francis PETA s 2015 Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Bedard Paul December 8 2016 GOP s Mary Matalin is PETA s Person of the Year Washington Examiner Monkey that took selfie named Person of the Year by PETA The Independent December 6 2017 Archived from the original on May 25 2022 Wiltsie Megan December 4 2017 Selfie Snapping Monkey Is Named PETA s 2017 Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Toliver Zachary December 6 2018 PETA s 2018 Person of the Year Saved Lives During Wildfires PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Wiltsie Megan December 12 2018 Butte Airport Animal Control and Fairgrounds Named Among PETA s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Sachkova Margarita December 2 2019 PETA Announces 2019 s Person of the Year Joaquin Phoenix PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 PETA Crowns Tabitha Brown 2020 s Person of the Year PETA December 14 2020 Retrieved December 8 2023 Skinner Tom December 2 2021 Billie Eilish named PETA s Person Of The Year for 2021 NME Retrieved December 8 2023 Sachkova Margarita December 2 2021 And PETA s 2021 Person of the Year Is PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 Perle David December 28 2022 James Cromwell Is PETA s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Burton Jamie December 28 2022 James Cromwell happy to be offensive and unpopular on PETA s behalf Newsweek Retrieved December 8 2023 Waldman Elena December 7 2023 PETA s 2023 Person of the Year Award Goes to PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Burlingame Ross December 8 2023 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3 James Gunn Named PETA s 2023 Person of the Year Movies Retrieved December 8 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k DHNS From Alia Bhatt Shashi Tharoor to Sunny Leone a look at PETA India s Person of the Year awardees Deccan Herald Retrieved December 8 2023 Sonakshi Sinha is PETA India s 2022 Person of the Year The Indian Express December 15 2022 Retrieved December 8 2023 Arora Sumit December 20 2022 PETA India s 2022 Sonakshi Sinha named as Person of the Year title adda247 Retrieved December 8 2023 Actress Sonakshi Sinha Named PETA Person Of The Year 2022 www millenniumpost in December 15 2022 Retrieved December 8 2023 Fish and Chimps PETA Europe s Blog Leona Lewis Named PETA s Person of the Year 2008 December 16 2008 Archived from the original on June 4 2009 Retrieved December 8 2023 Scherer Logan November 18 2009 Sir Roger Moore Named PETA U K s Person of the Year PETA Retrieved December 8 2023 Anderson is PETA Person of the Year Digital Spy January 2 2011 Retrieved December 8 2023 Morrissey Named PETA s Person of the Year 2011 PETA UK December 27 2011 Retrieved December 8 2023 Cooper Leonie December 30 2012 Brian May named PETA s Person of the Year for badger activism NME Retrieved December 8 2023 Dan December 24 2014 PETA UK s 2014 Person of the Year Tony Benn Continues to Inspire PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 Dan December 28 2016 Pamela Anderson Is PETA s 2016 Person of the Year PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 Dan December 28 2017 PETA UK s 2017 Person of the Year Sir Roger Moore PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 Sachkova Margarita December 6 2018 PETA Announces 2018 s Person of the Year Lewis Hamilton PETA UK Retrieved December 8 2023 Karim Fariha December 8 2023 Peta s person of the year Carrie Johnson has date night at steak restaurant The Times ISSN 0140 0460 Retrieved December 8 2023 Bremner Jade December 15 2020 Carrie Symonds named Peta s person of the year The Independent Retrieved December 8 2023 Brewis Harriet December 15 2020 Carrie Symonds named person of the year for animal welfare work Evening Standard Retrieved December 8 2023 Paul O Grady Entertainer named Peta s person of the year BBC News December 8 2023 Retrieved December 8 2023 Clarke Naomi December 8 2023 Paul O Grady posthumously named Peta s person of the year 2023 indy100 www indy100 com Retrieved December 8 2023 a b c PETA s Global Beauty Without Bunnies Program PETA June 23 2010 Retrieved May 23 2023 PETA Approved Vegan Das Siegel fur vegane Textilien PETA Deutschland e V in German Retrieved May 23 2023 a b Apply Now for Your PETA Approved Vegan Certification PETA petaapprovedvegan peta org Retrieved May 23 2023 Newkirk Ingrid 2004 Afterword The ALF Who Why and What pages 341 343 Terrorists or Freedom Fighters Reflections on the Liberation of Animals By Best Steven Nocella Anthony J Lantern Books ISBN 159056054X I would hazard to say that no movement for social change has ever succeeded without the militarism component Not until black demonstrators resorted to violence did the national government work seriously for civil rights legislation In the 1930s labor struggles had to turn violent before any significant gains were made In 1850 white abolitionists having given up on peaceful means began to encourage and engage in actions that disrupted plantation operations and liberated slaves Was that all wrong There is a difference between violence to property and violence to people of course The ALF would not hurt a mouse but it will burn a building Thinkers may prepare revolutions but bandits must carry them out Schneider Alison As Threats of Violence Escalate Primate Researchers Stand Firm The Chronicle of Higher Education November 12 1999 Interlandi Jeneen April 27 2008 PETA and Euthanasia Newsweek Archived from the original on March 30 2016 Retrieved July 31 2020 Newkirk Ingrid Controlling an animal as deadly as a weapon San Francisco Chronicle June 8 2005 Bender Kelli February 4 2020 PETA says word pet is patronising to animals The Independent Archived from the original on February 5 2020 Barnett Lindsay January 10 2009 PETA s Vice President We don t want to take your dog away Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on January 19 2009 Vogue September 1989 not specific enough to verify White Coat Waste Project Retrieved March 8 2022 Should dogs be guinea pigs in government research A bipartisan group says no The Washington Post November 15 2016 Fauci under fire by beagle organization over alleged puppy experiments New York Post October 27 2021 WCW EXPOSE FAUCI SPENT 424K ON BEAGLE EXPERIMENTS DOGS BITTEN TO DEATH BY FLIES July 30 2021 PETA calls for Dr Fauci to resign Our position is clear Fox News November 5 2021 Experimenters Fed Puppies Heads to Infected Flies but That s Not All Fauci s NIH Funded October 25 2021 a b c Greenwood Arin March 26 2015 Animal Advocates Cheer As Bill Aimed At High Kill PETA Shelter Is Signed Into Law HuffPost Retrieved March 26 2017 a b Weiner Rachel February 23 2015 Virginia measure could put PETA out of the animal shelter business The Washington Post Washington DC Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Retrieved February 23 2017 Consumer Group Asks Virginia Government to Reclassify PETA as a Slaughterhouse Center for Consumer Freedom January 17 2008 Retrieved October 16 2012 a b Lloyd Janice March 4 2012 PETA Says Exploiters Raise Euthanasia Issue USA Today Archived from the original on March 4 2012 Markoe Lauren March 12 2015 At PETA s shelter most animals are put down PETA calls them mercy killings The Washington Post Archived from the original on June 22 2020 Retrieved July 31 2020 Animal Custody Records 2014 Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved July 31 2020 LIS gt Bill Tracking gt SB1381 gt 2015 session lis virginia gov Horton Helena August 17 2017 Peta pays family 50 000 after taking and euthanising their pet chihuahua The Telegraph Archived from the original on August 18 2017 PETA June 20 2007 Mommy Kills Animals Take 2 PETA Retrieved September 4 2023 FOXNews com PETA Tells Kids to Run From Daddy U S amp World Fox News May 6 2006 Archived from the original on May 6 2006 Retrieved September 4 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Inside PETA s Unhappy Meal McCruelty com www mccruelty com Retrieved September 4 2023 PETA s Bloody Unhappy Meals Making Parents Angry Fox News March 25 2015 Retrieved September 4 2023 PETA June 9 2011 Little Rock Tries to Silence PETA PETA Retrieved September 4 2023 Ronald Kills Birdie Comic McCruelty com www mccruelty com Retrieved September 4 2023 PETA Educates Dublin Schoolchildren With Kfc Bloody Buckets Media Centre PETA UK Retrieved September 4 2023 PETA Targets KFC With Buckets of Blood Associated Press March 25 2015 Retrieved September 4 2023 PETA ad targets children and Thanksgiving ABC6 November 8 2013 Retrieved September 4 2023 Mullins Alisa November 7 2013 High Tech Ad Contains Secret Thanksgiving Message Only Kids Can See PETA Retrieved September 4 2023 New PETA Ad Shows Parents One Thanksgiving Image Kids Quite Another PETA November 7 2013 Retrieved September 4 2023 Naylor Donita PETA plans ads with one image for adults another bloody one for children Poll The Providence Journal Retrieved September 4 2023 Who Were the First Victims of Jeffrey Dahmer PETA October 6 2022 Retrieved May 16 2023 Animal rights campaign compares murdered women to meat CBC News November 13 2002 Papers won t run PETA ad linked to Pickton case Archived June 4 2009 at the Wayback Machine CTV News November 14 2002 PETA ad compares Greyhound bus attack to slaughtering animals Canadian Broadcasting Corporation August 6 2008 PETA compares bus decapitation to animal slaughters National Post August 6 2008 PETA compares bus beheading to animal slaughter Archived August 22 2009 at the Wayback Machine CTV News August 6 2008 For the PETA blog posts see Cannibalistic Attack on Greyhound Bus Prompts Ad Archived August 8 2008 at the Wayback Machine PETA August 6 2008 and We Got Your Hate Mail Archived October 21 2008 at the Wayback Machine PETA August 7 2008 Retrieved July 17 2010 Smith Wesley December 21 2003 PETA to Cannibals Don t Let Them Eat Steak a b c German Court Orders PETA to Halt Campaign DW 03 20 2004 dw com Retrieved August 31 2023 Isaacs Anna October 2 2015 Q amp A Animal Rights Activist and Holocaust Survivor Alex Hershaft Moment Magazine Retrieved August 31 2023 Famed survivor says PETA ads trivialize Holocaust Tampa Bay Times Retrieved September 1 2023 Willoughby Brian PETA Turns Holocaust into Pig Pen Tolerance org Archived from the original on August 20 2006 Retrieved September 1 2023 PETA s Non Apology Apology Discovery Institute May 6 2005 Retrieved September 1 2023 PETA S Holocaust On Your Plate Exhibit Banned In Manchester Media Centre PETA UK Retrieved September 1 2023 Germany rules animal rights group s Holocaust ad offensive Haaretz Associated Press July 8 2010 Retrieved August 20 2010 EU court rejects PETA appeal on Holocaust ad The Jerusalem Post JPost com November 8 2012 Retrieved September 1 2023 a b Teather David March 3 2003 Holocaust on a plate angers US Jews The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved August 31 2023 Patterson Charles Eternal Treblinka Lantern Books 2002 PETA exhibit provokes anger from blacks Orlando Sentinel November 1 2011 Archived from the original on November 1 2011 Retrieved August 13 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Tolerance org PETA Rethinks Slavery Exhibit April 30 2008 Archived from the original on April 30 2008 Retrieved August 13 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Novella Steven May 28 2014 PETA Embraces Autism Pseudoscience Science Based Medicine Archived from the original on July 21 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 a b Kluger Jeffrey May 30 2014 Got Autism PETA s Phony Milk Claims Time Archived from the original on June 17 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 John Arit May 28 2014 The Bad Science Behind PETA s Claim That Milk Might Cause Autism The Atlantic Lupica Diana October 11 2017 Old PETA Advert Associating Milk With Autism Causes Outrage Vegan News Plant Based Living Food Health amp more Archived from the original on August 3 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 PETA February 6 2009 AKC and KKK BFFs in Some Ways PETA Retrieved September 25 2022 Farris Gene February 10 2009 PETA dresses in KKK garb outside Westminster Dog Show USA Today Archived from the original on March 4 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Take the KKK or AKC Quiz Spot the Difference PETA June 15 2010 Retrieved September 25 2022 Walls Jeannette September 11 2006 PETA sheds no crocodile tears for Steve Irwin TODAY com Archived from the original on April 30 2017 PETA renews attack on Irwin News com au September 15 2006 Archived from the original on May 1 2008 Steve Irwin s 57th Birthday Google February 22 2019 Miller Ryan February 23 2019 Twitter rips PETA for criticizing Steve Irwin s Google doodle on the late conservationist s birthday USA Today Archived from the original on February 24 2019 Retrieved February 24 2019 Ellison Briana R February 26 2019 PETA needs to keep its thoughts about Steve Irwin in house The Washington Post Archived from the original on February 26 2019 a b PETA fordert Sexverbot fur alle fleischessenden Manner Speiseplan von Mannern verursacht 41 Prozent mehr Treibhausgase als der von Frauen PETA Deutschland e V in German September 20 2022 Retrieved September 25 2022 Crisp James September 21 2022 Peta calls for sex strike against meat eating men to save the world The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved September 25 2022 Palmada Belinda News com au September 24 2022 PETA calls for women to go on sex strike against men who eat meat New York Post Retrieved September 25 2022 a b PETA has outdone themselves after calling for sex strike retrieved September 25 2022 The site contained links to other sites advocating the consumption of meat the use of leather and animal furs and promoting the benefits of animal experimentation in medical research Tennant Diane March 12 1996 PETA Finds Satiric Web Site to be Tasteless The Virginian Pilot p E1 PETA v Doughney United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved May 12 2022 A PETA spokesperson said that the people who are doing this are the lowest of the low We can t help but be amused that we are so threatening to people like this that they would go to so much trouble as to steal away our name Krigel Beth Lipton Circus in domain trademark flap CNET News com April 24 1998 Richtel Matt You Can t Always Judge a Domain by Its Name The New York Times May 28 1998 Not in Vogue Archived July 14 2009 at the Wayback Machine Legal Technology Insider March 23 1999 Phelps Norm 2007 The longest struggle animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA Lantern Books p 242 ISBN 978 1590561270 Garner Robert 1993 Animals politics and morality 2004 ed Manchester University Press p 70 ISBN 0719066204 PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals p Expert Reviews tab Archived from the original on January 11 2013 Retrieved October 20 2015 Winograd Nathan J February 23 2012 The Butcher of Norfolk 6th Edition a b Francione Gary 2007 Rain without Thunder The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement Temple University Press pp 67 77 ISBN 978 1566394604 Further readingPence Gregory Classic Cases in Medical Ethics Accounts of Cases That Have Shaped Medical Ethics McGraw Hill 2007 ISBN missing Workman Dave P Peta Files The Dark Side of the Animal Rights Movement Merril Press 2003 ISBN missing External links nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Official website nbsp Guide to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA Research Files 1980 2001 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals amp oldid 1207431759, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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