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Wikipedia

KFC

March 08, 2023

This article is about the fast food chicken restaurant chain. For other uses, see KFC (disambiguation).

KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is an American fast food restaurant chain headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, that specializes in fried chicken. It is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with 22,621 locations globally in 150 countries as of December 2019.[4] The chain is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.[5]

Kentucky Fried Chicken
KFC Corporation
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryRestaurants
GenreFast food restaurant
Founded
FounderHarland Sanders
Pete Harman
Headquarters1441 Gardiner Lane
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Dallas, Texas, U.S. (global)
Number of locations
24,104[1] (2020)
Key people
  • Sabir Sami (CEO)
  • Dyke Shipp (President)
  • Monica Rothgery (COO)[2]
  • Catherine Tan (CMO)
  • Staci Rawls (CCO)
Products
RevenueUS$27.9 billion (2020)[3]
ParentYum! Brands
Websitewww.kfc.com

KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders (1890–1980), an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept and the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchise opened in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger. By branding himself as "Colonel Sanders", Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day. However, the company's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey in 1964.

KFC was one of the first American fast-food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein, which was taken over by the R. J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate; that company sold the chain to PepsiCo. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. It has since expanded rapidly in China, which is now the company's single largest market. PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to Yum! Brands.

KFC's original product is pressure-fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' signature recipe of "11 herbs and spices". The constituents of the recipe are a trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard "bucket", which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet sandwiches and wraps, as well as salads and side dishes such as French fries and coleslaw, desserts and soft drinks; the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its slogans "It's Finger Lickin' Good!", "Nobody does chicken like KFC" and "So good".

History

Main article: History of KFC
 
The Harland Sanders Café and Museum in Corbin, Kentucky

Sanders Court & Café

Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville, Indiana (near Louisville, Kentucky).[6] When Sanders was 5 years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a canning plant.[7] This left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings.[7] After he reached 7 years of age, his mother taught him how to cook.[6] After leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success.[8]

In 1930, Sanders took over a Shell filling station on US Route 25 just outside North Corbin, Kentucky, a small town on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains.[9] It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and country ham.[9] After four years of serving from his own dining room table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables.[10] By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky Colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon.[11] In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a motel he purchased across the street, naming it Sanders Court & Café.[12]

Sanders was unhappy with the 35 minutes it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan, but he refused to deep fry the chicken, which he believed lowered the quality of the product.[13] If he pre-cooked the chicken in advance of orders, there was sometimes wastage at day's end.[6] In 1939, the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market, mostly designed for steaming vegetables.[14] Sanders bought one and modified it into a pressure fryer, which he then used to fry chicken.[15] The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying while, in the opinion of Sanders, retaining the quality of pan-fried chicken.[13]

"Original Recipe" and franchising

 
Harland Sanders in character as "the Colonel"

In July 1940, Sanders finalised what came to be known as his "Original Recipe" of 11 herbs and spices.[16] Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he said the ingredients included salt and pepper and that the rest "stand on everybody's shelf".[17] After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee, wearing a black frock coat (later switched to a white suit) and a string tie and referring to himself as "the Colonel".[17] His associates went along with the title change, "jokingly at first and then in earnest", according to biographer Josh Ozersky.[18]

In 1952, Sanders franchised his recipe to his friend Pete Harman of South Salt Lake, Utah, the operator of one of the city's largest restaurants.[19] The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, so when the route planned in 1955 for Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin, Sanders sold his properties and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners.[20] Independent restaurants would pay four (later five) cents on each chicken as a franchise fee in exchange for Sanders' recipe and the right to feature it on their menus and use his name and likeness for promotional purposes.[21]

Don Anderson, a sign painter hired by Harman, coined the name "Kentucky Fried Chicken".[22] For Harman, the addition of KFC was a way of differentiating his restaurant from competitors; a product from Kentucky was exotic and evoked imagery of Southern hospitality.[22] Harman trademarked the phrase "It's finger lickin' good", which eventually became the company slogan.[21] He also introduced the "bucket meal" in 1957 (14 pieces of chicken, five bread rolls and a pint of gravy in a cardboard bucket).[23] Serving their signature meal in a paper bucket was to become an iconic feature of the company.[23]

By 1963, there were 600 KFC restaurants, making the company the largest fast food operation in the United States.[20] KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the dominance of the hamburger.[24]

With significant growth in tow, the fledgling Kentucky Fried Chicken decided in 1964 that they would begin offering franchise opportunities beyond the Atlantic, and landed on the United Kingdom as its entry point into Europe. As such, the first British KFC eatery opened its doors at 92 Fishergate in Preston, Lancashire on May 1, 1965, and still operates today.

Pat Grace met with Saunders at his holiday home in near Toronto and agreed to franchise the brand in Ireland. In 1970 Grace returned to Ireland after a number of years in Canada to open his first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Phibsboro shopping centre in Dublin. Eventually he opened another six restaurants located in Dublin, Limerick and Cork. After disagreements over cost cutting with KFC management in the early 1980s, the Irish restaurants were renamed to Pat Grace's Famous Fried Chicken reportedly retaining the original recipe. These stores were closed in the late 1980s. Pat Grace went on to wholesale the chicken spice blend under the brand Grace’s Perfect Blend.[25][26]

Sale and global expansion

In 1964, Sanders sold KFC to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey for US$2 million (around US$17 million in 2020).[11] The contract included a lifetime salary for Sanders and the agreement that he would be the company's quality controller and trademark.[27] The chain had reached 3,000 outlets in 48 countries by 1970.[28] In July 1971, Brown sold the company to the Connecticut-based Heublein, a packaged food and drinks corporation, for US$285 million (around US$1.8 billion in 2020).[29] Sanders died in 1980, his promotional work making him a prominent figure in American cultural history.[24] By the time of his death, there were an estimated 6,000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide, with $2 billion worth of sales annually.[30]

In 1982, Heublein was acquired by R. J. Reynolds, the tobacco giant.[23] In July 1986, Reynolds announced the sale of KFC to PepsiCo for $850 million (around US$2.0 billion in 2020).[31] The actual sale took place in early October for $840 million.[32][33] PepsiCo made the chain a part of its restaurants division alongside Pizza Hut and Taco Bell.[34] KFC entered the Chinese market in November 1987, with an outlet in Beijing.[23]

In 1991, the KFC name was officially adopted, although it had already been widely known by that initialism.[35] Kyle Craig, president of KFC U.S., admitted the change was an attempt to distance the chain from the unhealthy connotations of "fried".[36] The early 1990s saw a number of successful major product launches, including spicy "Hot Wings" (launched in 1990), popcorn chicken (1992) and, internationally, the "Zinger", a spicy chicken fillet sandwich (1993).[37] By 1994 KFC had 5,149 outlets in the US and 9,407 overall, with over 100,000 employees.[38] In August 1997, PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as a public company valued at US$4.5 billion (around US$7.3 billion in 2020).[39] The new company was named Tricon Global Restaurants and, at the time, had 30,000 outlets and annual sales of US$10 billion (around US$16 billion in 2020), making it second in the world only to McDonald's.[40] Tricon was renamed Yum! Brands in May 2002.[41]

By 2015, KFC was struggling, having lost business to other retailers and being surpassed by Chick-fil-A as the leading chicken retailer in the US three years previously. The company launched a new initiative with a plan to revamp its packaging, decor and uniforms and expand its menu. Additionally, beginning in May 2015, a new series of US advertisements was launched featuring Darrell Hammond as Colonel Sanders.[42] In a planned rotation of actors,[43] Norm Macdonald, Jim Gaffigan, George Hamilton and Rob Riggle portrayed Sanders in similar ads through the fall of 2016.[44][45][46][47] In January 2018, country music icon Reba McEntire played the first female Colonel Sanders.[48]

Before leaving as CEO in 2021, Andrea Zahumensky told Ad Age the "brand assets that we're so lucky to have" were the bucket, the three stripes and the full name Kentucky Fried Chicken. All of these were being used more by the chain.[49]

Operations

 
Map of countries with KFC franchises as of April 2022
Main article: Operations of KFC by country
See also: List of countries with KFC franchises

KFC is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, one of the largest restaurant companies in the world. KFC had sales of $23 billion in 2013.[50] KFC is incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law,[51] and has its headquarters at 1441 Gardiner Lane, Louisville, Kentucky, in a three-story colonial style building known colloquially as the "White House" due to its resemblance to the US president's home.[52][53] The headquarters contain executive offices and the company's research and development facilities.[54]

Products

 
KFC Original Recipe fried chicken

KFC's core product offering is pressure fried on-the-bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders' "Original Recipe" of 11 herbs and spices.[55] The product is typically available in either two- or three-piece individual servings or in a family size cardboard bucket typically holding between six and 16 chicken pieces. In territories that follow the system handed down by Colonel Sanders, such as Canada and the UK, each chicken is divided into nine different cuts (two drumsticks, two thighs, two wings, two breast pieces and one keel);[56][57] however, the United States now uses an eight-piece cut.[58] The product is hand-breaded at individual KFC outlets with wheat flour mixed with seasoning in a two- to four-minute process.[59][60] It is then pressure fried for between seven and 10 minutes (the timing differs between countries) in oil at 185 degrees Celsius.[59][61][62] Following this, the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven.[59] It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes in order to ensure freshness.[59] The frying oil varies regionally and versions used include sunflower, soybean, rapeseed and palm oil.[63] A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used and whether the chicken has been corn-fed or wheat-fed.[63]

 
Zinger served with crispy fries and Thai chili sauce in Malaysia

As well as its core chicken on the bone offering, KFC's major products include chicken sandwiches (including the Zinger and the Tower); wraps ("Twisters" and "Boxmasters"); and a variety of finger foods, including crispy chicken strips and hot wings.[64][65] Popcorn chicken, which consists of bite-sized pieces of fried chicken, is one of the most widely available KFC products.[66] In some locations, such as in Australia, Belarus, Malaysia and South Africa, chicken nuggets are also sold.[67]

McCormick & Company is KFC's largest supplier of sauces, seasonings and marinades and is a long-term partner in new product development.[60]

Due to the company's previous relationship with PepsiCo, most territories supply PepsiCo products, but exceptional territories include Barbados, Greece, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Romania,[68] South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia (since 2019),[69] Singapore (since 2022)[70] and Malaysia (since 2022)[71] which stock drinks supplied by The Coca-Cola Company, and Aruba, which stocks RC Cola from the Cott Corporation.[72][68][73][74][75] In Peru, the locally popular Inca Kola is sold.[76]

Launched in 2009, the Krusher/Krushem range of frozen beverages containing "real bits" such as Kit Kat, Oreo and strawberry shortcake is available in over 2,000 outlets.[77] Egg custard tart is a popular dessert worldwide, but other items include ice cream sundaes and tres leches cake in Peru.[78]

In 2012, the "KFC AM" breakfast menu began to be rolled out internationally, including such items as pancakes, waffles and porridge, as well as fried chicken.[79][80]

On August 27, 2019, KFC tested meatless boneless wings and nuggets in Atlanta, Georgia.[81][82]

The 11 herbs and spices

Main article: KFC Original Recipe
 
Original Recipe chicken sold in the iconic bucket

Sanders' Original Recipe of "11 herbs and spices" is one of the best known trade secrets in the catering industry.[83][84] The recipe is not patented, because patent law requires public disclosure of an invention and provides protection only for a strictly limited term, whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity.[85]

A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with 11 vials containing the herbs and spices.[86][87] To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to McCormick, who add the second half.[88]

In 1999, a couple who bought the house formerly occupied by Colonel Sanders found scribbled notes purported to be the secret recipe. Initially, KFC wanted to file a lawsuit against the couple to stop an auction of the notes but, by early 2001, it dropped the lawsuit, claiming the scribbled notes are "nowhere close" to the original recipe.[89]

Joe Ledington of Kentucky, a nephew by marriage of Colonel Sanders, claimed to have found a copy of the original KFC fried chicken recipe on a handwritten piece of paper in an envelope in a scrapbook. In August 2016, Chicago Tribune staffers conducted a cooking test of this recipe and claimed after a few attempts that, with the addition of the MSG flavor-enhancer Ac'cent, they produced fried chicken which tasted "indistinguishable" from the chicken they purchased at KFC.[90]

Regionalized menus

KFC adapts its menu internationally to suit regional tastes and there are over 300 KFC menu items worldwide.[91] Some locations, such as the UK and the US, sell grilled chicken.[92][93] In predominantly Islamic countries, the chicken served is halal.[59] In Asia,[vague] there is a preference for spicy foods, such as the Zinger chicken sandwich.[94] In many international markets, the seasoning used for the core chicken pieces product is available as a hot and spicy version as an alternative to the classic KFC recipe. The hot and spicy coating, as well as having a spicier flavour, also has a crispy consistency. In Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, a grilled chicken known as "Smoky Red" is available. KFC locations in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam offer a roasted option known as Flava Crava. Some locations in the US sell fried chicken livers and gizzards.[95] A small number of US outlets offer an all-you-can-eat buffet option with a limited menu.[96]

Value menu items are sold under the "Streetwise" name in locations such as Canada, Nigeria, South Africa and Mauritius.[97] Side dishes often include French fries, coleslaw, barbecue baked beans, corn on the cob, mashed potato, bread rolls and American biscuits.[98][99] Salads include the bean salad, the Caesar salad and the garden salad.[100] In a number of territories, KFC sells onion rings.[101] In most of Asia, several Sub-Saharan Africa and Pacific markets, rice based side dishes are often sold.[102] In the US and Greece, potato wedges are sold instead of French fries.[103]

In a number of Eastern European locations and Portugal, beer is offered in addition to soft drinks.[104][105][106]

  •  

    Hot wings and fries served in paper buckets

  •  

    Hot wings menu set sold in Berlin

  •  

    Hot & spicy chicken, colonel rice, coleslaw and nuggets in Malaysia

  •  

    Spaghetti and gravy as sold in the Philippines

  •  

    KFC century eggs and pork congee sold in China in breakfast hours only

Equipment

KFC initially used stove-top covered cooking pots to fry its chicken.[107] In the 1960s, the officially recommended model was the L S Hartzog developed "KFC 20-Head Cooker", a large device that cost $16,000.[108] The Hartzog model had no oil filtration system, meaning that filtering had to be done manually, and the pressure fryers occasionally exploded often harming employees.[107] In 1969, inventor and engineer Winston L. Shelton developed the "Collectramatic" pressurized fryer to overcome the problems KFC faced in quickly frying chicken to meet growing customer demand. The Collectramatic used precision time and temperature controls and self-filtered the cooking oil – all while meeting Colonel Sanders' high standards.[107] Fred Jeffries, then vice president of purchasing at KFC, claimed that the invention helped fuel the company's rapid expansion and success:

There's no way it (KFC) could have grown as it did without the Collectramatic. Stores were doing about $200,000 a year in sales on average with the pots...but they could never have done the $900,000 a year it became without Win's fryer. He (Shelton) helped set the stage for that with true engineering thinking.[107]

Although a number of franchisees bought the Collectramatic, which had the support of Colonel Sanders from 1970 onwards, John Y. Brown Jr. had given tacit approval to franchisees to exclusively use the older L S Hartzog fryer, saying "Though those old pots were damn dangerous, at least we knew they worked! I was mostly afraid these new fryers would break down in the middle of business."[107] Brown warned franchisees that they were in violation of their contract if they used the Collectramatic.[107] Brown held his ground on the issue until he learned that his father, John Y. Brown Sr., who owned multiple KFC franchises, was successfully using the Collectramatic in every franchise he owned.[107] The issue was eventually resolved after Heublein purchased KFC, acquired Hartzog and nullified the contract.[108] The Collectramatic has been an approved pressure fryer for KFC from 1972 onwards.[108]

From 2013 onwards, KFC has been transitioning from using Collectramatic cookers to pressure fryers produced by Henny Penny, which supplies KFC with various equipment.[109] The 'Velocity' series of pressure fryers includes increased load capacity, automatic oil filtration and increased oil longevity.

Advertising

Main article: KFC advertising
 
A KFC sign in front of a restaurant in Washington, D.C.

Colonel Sanders was a key component of KFC advertising until his death in 1980. Despite his death, Sanders remains a key icon of the company as an "international symbol of hospitality".[110] Early official slogans for the company included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (from 1956) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week".[111][112] The "finger lickin' good" slogan was used from 1956 and went on to become one of the best-known slogans of the 20th century.[113] The trademark expired in the US in 2006.[114] The first KFC logo was introduced in 1952 and featured a "Kentucky Fried Chicken" typeface and a logo of the Colonel.[115] In 1962, Dave Thomas took Colonel Sanders' bucket and turned it into a sign[116] that revolved in a circular motion in front of almost every American KFC outlet.[117]

Advertising played a key role at KFC after it was sold by Sanders and the company began to advertise on US television with a budget of US$4 million in 1966.[118] In order to fund nationwide advertising campaigns, the Kentucky Fried Chicken Advertising Co-Op was established, giving franchisees 10 votes and the company three when deciding on budgets and campaigns. In 1969, KFC hired its first national advertising agency, Leo Burnett.[23] A notable Burnett campaign in 1972 was the "Get a bucket of chicken, have a barrel of fun" jingle, performed by Barry Manilow.[23] By 1976, KFC was one of the largest advertisers in the US.[119]

In December 2020, KFC revealed the KFConsole, a new gaming console with a "Chicken Chamber" to keep food warm.[120]

Controversies and criticism

See also: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals § Campaigns and consumer boycotts
 
Protesters demonstrating outside a KFC restaurant in Royal Oak, Michigan

Since the beginning of the 21st century, fast food has been criticized for its animal welfare record, its links to obesity and its environmental impact.[121] Eric Schlosser's book Fast Food Nation (2002) and Morgan Spurlock's film Super Size Me (2004) reflected these concerns.[22] Since 2003, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has protested KFC's choice of poultry suppliers worldwide.[122] The exception is KFC Canada, which signed an agreement pledging to only use "animal-friendly" suppliers.[123] President of KFC's US division Gregg Dedrick said PETA mischaracterized KFC as a poultry producer rather than a purchaser of chickens.[124] In 2008, Yum! stated: "[As] a major purchaser of food products, [Yum!] has the opportunity and responsibility to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated. We take that responsibility very seriously, and we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis."[125]

In 2006, Greenpeace accused KFC Europe of sourcing the soya bean for its chicken feed from Cargill, which had been accused of clearing large swathes of the Amazon rainforest in order to grow the crop.[126]

In 2010, according to The Guardian, "in the US where fried chicken remains closely associated with age-old racist stereotypes about black people in the once segregated south", KFC Australia aired the 30-second promotion on television named "KFC's cricket survival guide" which shows a cricket fan surrounded by fans from the opposing team. The television announcer asks, "Need a tip when you're stuck in an awkward situation?" The fan passes around his "bucket of KFC", even though the commercial was intended for an Australian audience, which found its way to social media in the United States, prompting sharp disapproval. KFC Australia made a statement to the fact the commercial was "misinterpreted by a segment of people in the US" and it was a "light-hearted reference to the West Indian cricket team" and "The ad was reproduced online in the US without KFC's permission, where we are told a culturally-based stereotype exists, leading to the incorrect assertion of racism...We unequivocally condemn discrimination of any type and have a proud history as one of the world's leading employers for diversity".[127]

In May 2012, Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing paper pulp for its food packaging from Indonesian rainforest wood.[128] Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 percent mixed tropical hardwood fiber, sourced from Asia Pulp & Paper (APP).[129][130] APP said such fiber can be found in recycled paper, or: "It can also come from tree residues that are cleared, after a forest area has become degraded, logged-over or burned, as part of a sustainable development plan. APP has strict policies and practices in place to ensure that only residues from legal plantation development on degraded or logged-over forest areas and sustainable wood fiber enters the production supply chain."[129] KFC said: "From a global perspective, 60 percent of the paper products that Yum! (our parent company) sources are from sustainable sources. Our suppliers are working towards making it 100 percent."[128]

In December 2012, the chain was criticized in China when it was discovered that a number of KFC suppliers had been using growth hormones and an excessive amount of antibiotics on its poultry in ways that violated Chinese law.[131] In February 2013, Yum! CEO David Novak admitted that the scandal had been "longer lasting and more impactful than we ever imagined."[131] The issue is of major concern to Yum!, which earns almost half of its profits from China, largely through the KFC brand. In March 2013, Yum! reported that sales had rebounded in February, but that lower sales in December and January would result in a decline in same-store sales of 20 percent in the first quarter.[132]

In 2017, KFC was fined £950,000 after two workers in the UK were scalded by boiling hot gravy. The company admitted to charges of failing in a duty of care to employees and was ordered by Teesside Crown Court in Middlesbrough to pay fines of £800,000 and £150,000.[133]

In February 2018, logistics mismanagement by DHL, which had been selected by KFC UK as their new delivery partner, caused a chicken shortage in the United Kingdom – KFC's largest market in Europe – forcing the company to temporarily close hundreds of restaurants around the country.[134] KFC apologized by taking out adverts in British newspapers showing the company's initials rearranged to read "FCK", followed by an apology, which was well received.[135]

In November 2021, Finland's first KFC restaurant was opened at the Itis shopping center in Itäkeskus, Helsinki. A few days before the opening day, a tent had appeared in front of the restaurant, where a man who had kept his identity secret for a few days had stayed,[136] and who on the opening day revealed himself to the public as a vegan activist defending animal rights.[137][138] After trying to give his speech to those present, the security company carried him away.[137] Even before the opening of the restaurant, in October, news of a controversy over the procurement of a broiler for food from Poland; the cause is mainly related to the risk of salmonella in broilers, which is a significant problem in Poland, whereas its prevalence in Finland is low.[139]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a number of companies have faced growing pressure to halt operations in Russia but have not yet done so. This includes KFC, which has over 1,000 outlets in Russia, more than any other Western fast food chain.[140]

In early 2022 a promotional video was shot with influencer Niko Omilana showing a chicken farm in the KFC supply chain. The video depicted birds with a good quality of life. Animal rights activists entered the same farm months later and found vastly different conditions, with instances of "severe overcrowding" and "lame and dead birds". Paul Roger, a vet and founder member of AWSELVA, said birds in the footage were exhibiting "behavioural signs of stress such as feather pecking and topical skin infection". KFC's actions were branded "misleading".[141]

On Wednesday 9 November 2022, KFC Germany issued an announcement inviting its German audience to celebrate Kristallnacht with 'Cheesy Chicken'. An apology was issued shortly afterwards.[142]

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kentucky Fried Chicken.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fast food in North America.
  • Official website  

Coordinates: 38°11′53.0″N 85°41′44.6″W / 38.198056°N 85.695722°W / 38.198056; -85.695722

March 08, 2023
this, article, about, fast, food, chicken, restaurant, chain, other, uses, disambiguation, kentucky, fried, chicken, american, fast, food, restaurant, chain, headquartered, louisville, kentucky, that, specializes, fried, chicken, world, second, largest, restau. This article is about the fast food chicken restaurant chain For other uses see KFC disambiguation KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken is an American fast food restaurant chain headquartered in Louisville Kentucky that specializes in fried chicken It is the world s second largest restaurant chain as measured by sales after McDonald s with 22 621 locations globally in 150 countries as of December 2019 update 4 The chain is a subsidiary of Yum Brands a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains 5 Kentucky Fried ChickenKFC CorporationTypeSubsidiaryIndustryRestaurantsGenreFast food restaurantFoundedSanders Court amp Cafe March 20 1930 92 years ago 1930 03 20 North Corbin Kentucky U S First franchise September 24 1952 70 years ago 1952 09 24 Salt Lake City Utah U S FounderHarland SandersPete HarmanHeadquarters1441 Gardiner LaneLouisville Kentucky U S Dallas Texas U S global Number of locations24 104 1 2020 Key peopleSabir Sami CEO Dyke Shipp President Monica Rothgery COO 2 Catherine Tan CMO Staci Rawls CCO ProductsFried chicken Hamburgers Chicken sandwiches Wraps French fries Soft drinks Milkshakes Salads Desserts BreakfastRevenueUS 27 9 billion 2020 3 ParentYum BrandsWebsitewww wbr kfc wbr comKFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders 1890 1980 an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin Kentucky during the Great Depression Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept and the first Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise opened in Salt Lake City Utah in 1952 KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger By branding himself as Colonel Sanders Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day However the company s rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y Brown Jr and Jack C Massey in 1964 KFC was one of the first American fast food chains to expand internationally opening outlets in Canada the United Kingdom Mexico and Jamaica by the mid 1960s Throughout the 1970s and 1980s it experienced mixed fortunes domestically as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business In the early 1970s KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein which was taken over by the R J Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate that company sold the chain to PepsiCo The chain continued to expand overseas however and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China It has since expanded rapidly in China which is now the company s single largest market PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants which later changed its name to Yum Brands KFC s original product is pressure fried chicken pieces seasoned with Sanders signature recipe of 11 herbs and spices The constituents of the recipe are a trade secret Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard bucket which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957 Since the early 1990s KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet sandwiches and wraps as well as salads and side dishes such as French fries and coleslaw desserts and soft drinks the latter often supplied by PepsiCo KFC is known for its slogans It s Finger Lickin Good Nobody does chicken like KFC and So good Contents 1 History 1 1 Sanders Court amp Cafe 1 2 Original Recipe and franchising 1 3 Sale and global expansion 2 Operations 3 Products 3 1 The 11 herbs and spices 3 2 Regionalized menus 3 3 Equipment 4 Advertising 5 Controversies and criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistoryMain article History of KFC The Harland Sanders Cafe and Museum in Corbin Kentucky Sanders Court amp Cafe Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville Indiana near Louisville Kentucky 6 When Sanders was 5 years old his father died forcing his mother to work at a canning plant 7 This left Sanders as the eldest son to care for his two younger siblings 7 After he reached 7 years of age his mother taught him how to cook 6 After leaving the family home at the age of 13 Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success 8 In 1930 Sanders took over a Shell filling station on US Route 25 just outside North Corbin Kentucky a small town on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains 9 It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and country ham 9 After four years of serving from his own dining room table Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables 10 By 1936 this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky Colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon 11 In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a motel he purchased across the street naming it Sanders Court amp Cafe 12 Sanders was unhappy with the 35 minutes it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan but he refused to deep fry the chicken which he believed lowered the quality of the product 13 If he pre cooked the chicken in advance of orders there was sometimes wastage at day s end 6 In 1939 the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market mostly designed for steaming vegetables 14 Sanders bought one and modified it into a pressure fryer which he then used to fry chicken 15 The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying while in the opinion of Sanders retaining the quality of pan fried chicken 13 Original Recipe and franchising Harland Sanders in character as the Colonel In July 1940 Sanders finalised what came to be known as his Original Recipe of 11 herbs and spices 16 Although he never publicly revealed the recipe he said the ingredients included salt and pepper and that the rest stand on everybody s shelf 17 After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby Sanders began to dress the part growing a goatee wearing a black frock coat later switched to a white suit and a string tie and referring to himself as the Colonel 17 His associates went along with the title change jokingly at first and then in earnest according to biographer Josh Ozersky 18 In 1952 Sanders franchised his recipe to his friend Pete Harman of South Salt Lake Utah the operator of one of the city s largest restaurants 19 The Sanders Court amp Cafe generally served travelers so when the route planned in 1955 for Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin Sanders sold his properties and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners 20 Independent restaurants would pay four later five cents on each chicken as a franchise fee in exchange for Sanders recipe and the right to feature it on their menus and use his name and likeness for promotional purposes 21 Don Anderson a sign painter hired by Harman coined the name Kentucky Fried Chicken 22 For Harman the addition of KFC was a way of differentiating his restaurant from competitors a product from Kentucky was exotic and evoked imagery of Southern hospitality 22 Harman trademarked the phrase It s finger lickin good which eventually became the company slogan 21 He also introduced the bucket meal in 1957 14 pieces of chicken five bread rolls and a pint of gravy in a cardboard bucket 23 Serving their signature meal in a paper bucket was to become an iconic feature of the company 23 By 1963 there were 600 KFC restaurants making the company the largest fast food operation in the United States 20 KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry diversifying the market by challenging the dominance of the hamburger 24 With significant growth in tow the fledgling Kentucky Fried Chicken decided in 1964 that they would begin offering franchise opportunities beyond the Atlantic and landed on the United Kingdom as its entry point into Europe As such the first British KFC eatery opened its doors at 92 Fishergate in Preston Lancashire on May 1 1965 and still operates today Pat Grace met with Saunders at his holiday home in near Toronto and agreed to franchise the brand in Ireland In 1970 Grace returned to Ireland after a number of years in Canada to open his first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Phibsboro shopping centre in Dublin Eventually he opened another six restaurants located in Dublin Limerick and Cork After disagreements over cost cutting with KFC management in the early 1980s the Irish restaurants were renamed to Pat Grace s Famous Fried Chicken reportedly retaining the original recipe These stores were closed in the late 1980s Pat Grace went on to wholesale the chicken spice blend under the brand Grace s Perfect Blend 25 26 Sale and global expansion In 1964 Sanders sold KFC to a group of investors led by John Y Brown Jr and Jack C Massey for US 2 million around US 17 million in 2020 11 The contract included a lifetime salary for Sanders and the agreement that he would be the company s quality controller and trademark 27 The chain had reached 3 000 outlets in 48 countries by 1970 28 In July 1971 Brown sold the company to the Connecticut based Heublein a packaged food and drinks corporation for US 285 million around US 1 8 billion in 2020 29 Sanders died in 1980 his promotional work making him a prominent figure in American cultural history 24 By the time of his death there were an estimated 6 000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide with 2 billion worth of sales annually 30 In 1982 Heublein was acquired by R J Reynolds the tobacco giant 23 In July 1986 Reynolds announced the sale of KFC to PepsiCo for 850 million around US 2 0 billion in 2020 31 The actual sale took place in early October for 840 million 32 33 PepsiCo made the chain a part of its restaurants division alongside Pizza Hut and Taco Bell 34 KFC entered the Chinese market in November 1987 with an outlet in Beijing 23 In 1991 the KFC name was officially adopted although it had already been widely known by that initialism 35 Kyle Craig president of KFC U S admitted the change was an attempt to distance the chain from the unhealthy connotations of fried 36 The early 1990s saw a number of successful major product launches including spicy Hot Wings launched in 1990 popcorn chicken 1992 and internationally the Zinger a spicy chicken fillet sandwich 1993 37 By 1994 KFC had 5 149 outlets in the US and 9 407 overall with over 100 000 employees 38 In August 1997 PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as a public company valued at US 4 5 billion around US 7 3 billion in 2020 39 The new company was named Tricon Global Restaurants and at the time had 30 000 outlets and annual sales of US 10 billion around US 16 billion in 2020 making it second in the world only to McDonald s 40 Tricon was renamed Yum Brands in May 2002 41 By 2015 KFC was struggling having lost business to other retailers and being surpassed by Chick fil A as the leading chicken retailer in the US three years previously The company launched a new initiative with a plan to revamp its packaging decor and uniforms and expand its menu Additionally beginning in May 2015 a new series of US advertisements was launched featuring Darrell Hammond as Colonel Sanders 42 In a planned rotation of actors 43 Norm Macdonald Jim Gaffigan George Hamilton and Rob Riggle portrayed Sanders in similar ads through the fall of 2016 44 45 46 47 In January 2018 country music icon Reba McEntire played the first female Colonel Sanders 48 Before leaving as CEO in 2021 Andrea Zahumensky told Ad Age the brand assets that we re so lucky to have were the bucket the three stripes and the full name Kentucky Fried Chicken All of these were being used more by the chain 49 Operations Map of countries with KFC franchises as of April 2022 Main article Operations of KFC by country See also List of countries with KFC franchises KFC is a subsidiary of Yum Brands one of the largest restaurant companies in the world KFC had sales of 23 billion in 2013 50 KFC is incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law 51 and has its headquarters at 1441 Gardiner Lane Louisville Kentucky in a three story colonial style building known colloquially as the White House due to its resemblance to the US president s home 52 53 The headquarters contain executive offices and the company s research and development facilities 54 Products KFC Original Recipe fried chicken KFC s core product offering is pressure fried on the bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders Original Recipe of 11 herbs and spices 55 The product is typically available in either two or three piece individual servings or in a family size cardboard bucket typically holding between six and 16 chicken pieces In territories that follow the system handed down by Colonel Sanders such as Canada and the UK each chicken is divided into nine different cuts two drumsticks two thighs two wings two breast pieces and one keel 56 57 however the United States now uses an eight piece cut 58 The product is hand breaded at individual KFC outlets with wheat flour mixed with seasoning in a two to four minute process 59 60 It is then pressure fried for between seven and 10 minutes the timing differs between countries in oil at 185 degrees Celsius 59 61 62 Following this the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven 59 It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes in order to ensure freshness 59 The frying oil varies regionally and versions used include sunflower soybean rapeseed and palm oil 63 A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used and whether the chicken has been corn fed or wheat fed 63 Zinger served with crispy fries and Thai chili sauce in Malaysia As well as its core chicken on the bone offering KFC s major products include chicken sandwiches including the Zinger and the Tower wraps Twisters and Boxmasters and a variety of finger foods including crispy chicken strips and hot wings 64 65 Popcorn chicken which consists of bite sized pieces of fried chicken is one of the most widely available KFC products 66 In some locations such as in Australia Belarus Malaysia and South Africa chicken nuggets are also sold 67 McCormick amp Company is KFC s largest supplier of sauces seasonings and marinades and is a long term partner in new product development 60 Due to the company s previous relationship with PepsiCo most territories supply PepsiCo products but exceptional territories include Barbados Greece Mexico New Zealand the Philippines Romania 68 South Africa Turkey Indonesia since 2019 69 Singapore since 2022 70 and Malaysia since 2022 71 which stock drinks supplied by The Coca Cola Company and Aruba which stocks RC Cola from the Cott Corporation 72 68 73 74 75 In Peru the locally popular Inca Kola is sold 76 Launched in 2009 the Krusher Krushem range of frozen beverages containing real bits such as Kit Kat Oreo and strawberry shortcake is available in over 2 000 outlets 77 Egg custard tart is a popular dessert worldwide but other items include ice cream sundaes and tres leches cake in Peru 78 In 2012 the KFC AM breakfast menu began to be rolled out internationally including such items as pancakes waffles and porridge as well as fried chicken 79 80 On August 27 2019 KFC tested meatless boneless wings and nuggets in Atlanta Georgia 81 82 The 11 herbs and spices Main article KFC Original Recipe Original Recipe chicken sold in the iconic bucket Sanders Original Recipe of 11 herbs and spices is one of the best known trade secrets in the catering industry 83 84 The recipe is not patented because patent law requires public disclosure of an invention and provides protection only for a strictly limited term whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity 85 A copy of the recipe signed by Sanders is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC s Louisville headquarters along with 11 vials containing the herbs and spices 86 87 To maintain the secrecy of the recipe half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to McCormick who add the second half 88 In 1999 a couple who bought the house formerly occupied by Colonel Sanders found scribbled notes purported to be the secret recipe Initially KFC wanted to file a lawsuit against the couple to stop an auction of the notes but by early 2001 it dropped the lawsuit claiming the scribbled notes are nowhere close to the original recipe 89 Joe Ledington of Kentucky a nephew by marriage of Colonel Sanders claimed to have found a copy of the original KFC fried chicken recipe on a handwritten piece of paper in an envelope in a scrapbook In August 2016 Chicago Tribune staffers conducted a cooking test of this recipe and claimed after a few attempts that with the addition of the MSG flavor enhancer Ac cent they produced fried chicken which tasted indistinguishable from the chicken they purchased at KFC 90 Regionalized menus KFC adapts its menu internationally to suit regional tastes and there are over 300 KFC menu items worldwide 91 Some locations such as the UK and the US sell grilled chicken 92 93 In predominantly Islamic countries the chicken served is halal 59 In Asia vague there is a preference for spicy foods such as the Zinger chicken sandwich 94 In many international markets the seasoning used for the core chicken pieces product is available as a hot and spicy version as an alternative to the classic KFC recipe The hot and spicy coating as well as having a spicier flavour also has a crispy consistency In Bangladesh India Nepal and Sri Lanka a grilled chicken known as Smoky Red is available KFC locations in Taiwan Hong Kong Macau and Vietnam offer a roasted option known as Flava Crava Some locations in the US sell fried chicken livers and gizzards 95 A small number of US outlets offer an all you can eat buffet option with a limited menu 96 Value menu items are sold under the Streetwise name in locations such as Canada Nigeria South Africa and Mauritius 97 Side dishes often include French fries coleslaw barbecue baked beans corn on the cob mashed potato bread rolls and American biscuits 98 99 Salads include the bean salad the Caesar salad and the garden salad 100 In a number of territories KFC sells onion rings 101 In most of Asia several Sub Saharan Africa and Pacific markets rice based side dishes are often sold 102 In the US and Greece potato wedges are sold instead of French fries 103 In a number of Eastern European locations and Portugal beer is offered in addition to soft drinks 104 105 106 Hot wings and fries served in paper buckets Hot wings menu set sold in Berlin Hot amp spicy chicken colonel rice coleslaw and nuggets in Malaysia Spaghetti and gravy as sold in the Philippines KFC century eggs and pork congee sold in China in breakfast hours onlyEquipment KFC initially used stove top covered cooking pots to fry its chicken 107 In the 1960s the officially recommended model was the L S Hartzog developed KFC 20 Head Cooker a large device that cost 16 000 108 The Hartzog model had no oil filtration system meaning that filtering had to be done manually and the pressure fryers occasionally exploded often harming employees 107 In 1969 inventor and engineer Winston L Shelton developed the Collectramatic pressurized fryer to overcome the problems KFC faced in quickly frying chicken to meet growing customer demand The Collectramatic used precision time and temperature controls and self filtered the cooking oil all while meeting Colonel Sanders high standards 107 Fred Jeffries then vice president of purchasing at KFC claimed that the invention helped fuel the company s rapid expansion and success There s no way it KFC could have grown as it did without the Collectramatic Stores were doing about 200 000 a year in sales on average with the pots but they could never have done the 900 000 a year it became without Win s fryer He Shelton helped set the stage for that with true engineering thinking 107 Although a number of franchisees bought the Collectramatic which had the support of Colonel Sanders from 1970 onwards John Y Brown Jr had given tacit approval to franchisees to exclusively use the older L S Hartzog fryer saying Though those old pots were damn dangerous at least we knew they worked I was mostly afraid these new fryers would break down in the middle of business 107 Brown warned franchisees that they were in violation of their contract if they used the Collectramatic 107 Brown held his ground on the issue until he learned that his father John Y Brown Sr who owned multiple KFC franchises was successfully using the Collectramatic in every franchise he owned 107 The issue was eventually resolved after Heublein purchased KFC acquired Hartzog and nullified the contract 108 The Collectramatic has been an approved pressure fryer for KFC from 1972 onwards 108 From 2013 onwards KFC has been transitioning from using Collectramatic cookers to pressure fryers produced by Henny Penny which supplies KFC with various equipment 109 The Velocity series of pressure fryers includes increased load capacity automatic oil filtration and increased oil longevity AdvertisingMain article KFC advertising A KFC sign in front of a restaurant in Washington D C Colonel Sanders was a key component of KFC advertising until his death in 1980 Despite his death Sanders remains a key icon of the company as an international symbol of hospitality 110 Early official slogans for the company included North America s Hospitality Dish from 1956 and We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week 111 112 The finger lickin good slogan was used from 1956 and went on to become one of the best known slogans of the 20th century 113 The trademark expired in the US in 2006 114 The first KFC logo was introduced in 1952 and featured a Kentucky Fried Chicken typeface and a logo of the Colonel 115 In 1962 Dave Thomas took Colonel Sanders bucket and turned it into a sign 116 that revolved in a circular motion in front of almost every American KFC outlet 117 Advertising played a key role at KFC after it was sold by Sanders and the company began to advertise on US television with a budget of US 4 million in 1966 118 In order to fund nationwide advertising campaigns the Kentucky Fried Chicken Advertising Co Op was established giving franchisees 10 votes and the company three when deciding on budgets and campaigns In 1969 KFC hired its first national advertising agency Leo Burnett 23 A notable Burnett campaign in 1972 was the Get a bucket of chicken have a barrel of fun jingle performed by Barry Manilow 23 By 1976 KFC was one of the largest advertisers in the US 119 In December 2020 KFC revealed the KFConsole a new gaming console with a Chicken Chamber to keep food warm 120 Controversies and criticismSee also People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Campaigns and consumer boycotts Protesters demonstrating outside a KFC restaurant in Royal Oak Michigan Since the beginning of the 21st century fast food has been criticized for its animal welfare record its links to obesity and its environmental impact 121 Eric Schlosser s book Fast Food Nation 2002 and Morgan Spurlock s film Super Size Me 2004 reflected these concerns 22 Since 2003 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA has protested KFC s choice of poultry suppliers worldwide 122 The exception is KFC Canada which signed an agreement pledging to only use animal friendly suppliers 123 President of KFC s US division Gregg Dedrick said PETA mischaracterized KFC as a poultry producer rather than a purchaser of chickens 124 In 2008 Yum stated As a major purchaser of food products Yum has the opportunity and responsibility to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated We take that responsibility very seriously and we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis 125 In 2006 Greenpeace accused KFC Europe of sourcing the soya bean for its chicken feed from Cargill which had been accused of clearing large swathes of the Amazon rainforest in order to grow the crop 126 In 2010 according to The Guardian in the US where fried chicken remains closely associated with age old racist stereotypes about black people in the once segregated south KFC Australia aired the 30 second promotion on television named KFC s cricket survival guide which shows a cricket fan surrounded by fans from the opposing team The television announcer asks Need a tip when you re stuck in an awkward situation The fan passes around his bucket of KFC even though the commercial was intended for an Australian audience which found its way to social media in the United States prompting sharp disapproval KFC Australia made a statement to the fact the commercial was misinterpreted by a segment of people in the US and it was a light hearted reference to the West Indian cricket team and The ad was reproduced online in the US without KFC s permission where we are told a culturally based stereotype exists leading to the incorrect assertion of racism We unequivocally condemn discrimination of any type and have a proud history as one of the world s leading employers for diversity 127 In May 2012 Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing paper pulp for its food packaging from Indonesian rainforest wood 128 Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 percent mixed tropical hardwood fiber sourced from Asia Pulp amp Paper APP 129 130 APP said such fiber can be found in recycled paper or It can also come from tree residues that are cleared after a forest area has become degraded logged over or burned as part of a sustainable development plan APP has strict policies and practices in place to ensure that only residues from legal plantation development on degraded or logged over forest areas and sustainable wood fiber enters the production supply chain 129 KFC said From a global perspective 60 percent of the paper products that Yum our parent company sources are from sustainable sources Our suppliers are working towards making it 100 percent 128 In December 2012 the chain was criticized in China when it was discovered that a number of KFC suppliers had been using growth hormones and an excessive amount of antibiotics on its poultry in ways that violated Chinese law 131 In February 2013 Yum CEO David Novak admitted that the scandal had been longer lasting and more impactful than we ever imagined 131 The issue is of major concern to Yum which earns almost half of its profits from China largely through the KFC brand In March 2013 Yum reported that sales had rebounded in February but that lower sales in December and January would result in a decline in same store sales of 20 percent in the first quarter 132 In 2017 KFC was fined 950 000 after two workers in the UK were scalded by boiling hot gravy The company admitted to charges of failing in a duty of care to employees and was ordered by Teesside Crown Court in Middlesbrough to pay fines of 800 000 and 150 000 133 In February 2018 logistics mismanagement by DHL which had been selected by KFC UK as their new delivery partner caused a chicken shortage in the United Kingdom KFC s largest market in Europe forcing the company to temporarily close hundreds of restaurants around the country 134 KFC apologized by taking out adverts in British newspapers showing the company s initials rearranged to read FCK followed by an apology which was well received 135 In November 2021 Finland s first KFC restaurant was opened at the Itis shopping center in Itakeskus Helsinki A few days before the opening day a tent had appeared in front of the restaurant where a man who had kept his identity secret for a few days had stayed 136 and who on the opening day revealed himself to the public as a vegan activist defending animal rights 137 138 After trying to give his speech to those present the security company carried him away 137 Even before the opening of the restaurant in October news of a controversy over the procurement of a broiler for food from Poland the cause is mainly related to the risk of salmonella in broilers which is a significant problem in Poland whereas its prevalence in Finland is low 139 Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine a number of companies have faced growing pressure to halt operations in Russia but have not yet done so This includes KFC which has over 1 000 outlets in Russia more than any other Western fast food chain 140 In early 2022 a promotional video was shot with influencer Niko Omilana showing a chicken farm in the KFC supply chain The video depicted birds with a good quality of life Animal rights activists entered the same farm months later and found vastly different conditions with instances of severe overcrowding and lame and dead birds Paul Roger a vet and founder member of AWSELVA said birds in the footage were exhibiting behavioural signs of stress such as feather pecking and topical skin infection KFC s actions were branded misleading 141 On Wednesday 9 November 2022 KFC Germany issued an announcement inviting its German audience to celebrate Kristallnacht with Cheesy Chicken An apology was issued shortly afterwards 142 See also United States portal Kentucky portal Companies portal Food portalCuisine of the Southern United States List of chicken restaurants List of fast food restaurant chains List of major employers in Louisville KentuckyReferences KFC restaurants worldwide 2019 Statista Retrieved April 5 2021 Luna Nancy May 13 2019 KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U S division Nation s Restaurant News Retrieved May 15 2019 KFC Forbes Retrieved April 5 2021 KFC restaurants worldwide 2019 Statista Retrieved May 14 2020 YUM Brands Form 10 K Annual Report Filing Date Feb 22 2018 secdatabase com Retrieved May 3 2018 a b c Whitworth William February 14 1970 Kentucky Fried The New Yorker Retrieved February 23 2013 a b Klotter James C 2005 The Human Tradition in the New South Rowman amp Littlefield p 129 ISBN 978 0 7425 4476 5 Retrieved June 29 2013 Sanders Harland 2012 The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef PDF Louisville KFC p 15 Archived from the original PDF on September 21 2013 a b Ozersky Josh April 2012 Colonel Sanders and the American Dream University of Texas Press pp 19 24 ISBN 978 0 292 74285 7 Retrieved September 27 2013 Aaseng Nathan January 2001 Business Builders in Fast Food Oliver Press p 116 ISBN 978 1 881508 58 8 Retrieved March 13 2013 a b Smith Andrew F December 2 2011 Fast Food and Junk Food An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat ABC CLIO p 612 ISBN 978 0 313 39394 5 Hollis Tim 1999 Dixie Before Disney 100 Years of Roadside Fun University Press of Mississippi pp 19 20 ISBN 978 1 61703 374 2 a b Sanders Harland 1974 The Incredible Colonel Illinois Creation House pp 98 131 ISBN 978 0 88419 053 0 Binney Ruth April 1 2012 Wise Words and Country Ways for Cooks David amp Charles p 202 ISBN 978 0 7153 3420 1 Grimes William August 26 2012 In Kentucky Fried Chicken History New York Times Retrieved September 27 2013 Schreiner Bruce July 23 2005 KFC still guards Colonel s secret Associated Press Archived from the original on November 6 2013 Retrieved September 19 2013 a b Kleber John E May 18 1992 The Kentucky Encyclopedia University Press of Kentucky p 796 ISBN 978 0 8131 2883 2 Retrieved March 13 2013 Ozersky Josh 2012 Colonel Sanders and the American Dream University of Texas Press p 25 ISBN 978 0 292 74285 7 Retrieved April 7 2013 Patty Henetz Jenifer K Nii April 21 2004 Colonel s landmark KFC is mashed Deseret Morning News Retrieved November 13 2013 a b John A Jakle Keith A Sculle 1999 Fast Food Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age JHU Press p 219 ISBN 978 0 8018 6920 4 Retrieved March 13 2013 a b Liddle Alan October 14 1996 Leon W Pete Harman the operational father of KFC has many goals and retiring isn t one of them Nation s Restaurant News Archived from the original on May 8 2013 Retrieved July 1 2012 a b c Liddle Alan May 21 1990 Pete Harman Nation s Restaurant News a b c d e f Darden Robert January 1 2004 Secret Recipe Why Kfc Is Still Cooking After 50 Years Tapestry Press pp 12 57 58 101 159 175 211 ISBN 978 1 930819 33 7 a b Smith Andrew F May 1 2007 The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink Oxford University Press p 341 ISBN 978 0 19 530796 2 Retrieved March 11 2013 Grace s Perfect Blend History Grace s Perfect Blend a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Glen And Friends Cooking KFC secret Ingredients revealed YouTube a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Cottreli Robert December 17 1980 Obituary Colonel Sanders Financial 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Standing judge Norm Macdonald as new Colonel Business Insider Business Insider August 17 2015 Johnson Lauren February 6 2016 KFC Swaps Out Norm Macdonald for Jim Gaffigan as Its Latest Real Colonel Adweek Retrieved August 23 2016 Moran Victoria June 23 2016 KFC Brings in an Extra Bronzed George Hamilton to Play Extra Crispy Colonel Advertising Age Retrieved August 23 2016 KFC Debuts a New Colonel For Football Season Fortune September 8 2016 Retrieved September 10 2016 Reba McEntire to play KFC s Colonel Sanders CBS News January 26 2018 Wohl Jessica April 19 2021 KFC U S chief marketing officer Andrea Zahumensky exits Ad Age Vol 92 no 5 p 3 Iconic Global Brand PDF Louisville Yum Brands 2014 p 98 Archived from the original PDF on July 16 2014 Retrieved September 1 2016 Thimmesch Adam B 2011 2012 The Fading Bright Line of Physical Presence Did KFC Corporation v Iowa Department of Revenue Give States the Secret Recipe for Repudiating Quill Kentucky Law Journal 100 339 389 Kleber John E December 4 2000 The Encyclopedia of Louisville University Press of Kentucky p 482 ISBN 978 0 8131 2100 0 Retrieved September 11 2012 Wolf Barney May 2012 David Novak s Global Vision QSR Magazine Archived from the original on March 9 2014 Retrieved April 3 2014 Yum Brands 10K 31 12 2011 Yum Brands Retrieved March 24 2013 Tian X 2016 Managing International Business in China Cambridge University Press p 218 ISBN 978 1 316 67764 3 Retrieved November 7 2017 Nutrition Guide PDF KFC Canada Archived from the original PDF on October 21 2012 Retrieved February 23 2013 KFC UK and Ireland August 21 2017 Which pieces of chicken go into your KFC bucket Archived from the original on December 11 2021 via YouTube Nutrition Calculator KFC Retrieved March 28 2018 a b c d e Stephens Balakrishnan Melodena 2013 East Meets West the World is Round and Time is Cyclic Emerald Group Publishing pp 126 132 ISBN 978 1 78190 413 8 a b Serving Up Quality PDF CEO Magazine July 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 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are under fire for failing to boycott Russia Happy Mag March 5 2022 Retrieved March 6 2022 Ukraine invasion Attention turns to McDonald s and crypto exchanges yet to take a stand against Russia Sky News Retrieved March 6 2022 Creswell Julie March 5 2022 Fast food chains and food producers stay open in Russia and mostly quiet about Ukraine The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Sequeira Tahira October 28 2021 KFC embroiled in minor controversy for decision to import chicken to Finland Helsinki Times Retrieved November 12 2021 Winchester Levi March 4 2022 McDonald s under pressure for opening as normal in Russia despite Ukraine war mirror Retrieved March 6 2022 Seattle Marler Clark 1012 First Avenue Fifth Floor Phone 1 800 884 9840 WA 98104 1008 March 1 2022 KFC McDonald s Burger King Starbucks and Pizza Hut close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine Marler Blog Retrieved March 6 2022 KFC faces backlash over misleading portrayal of UK chicken farming the Guardian April 12 2022 Retrieved August 24 2022 Binley Alex November 10 2022 KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion BBC News Retrieved November 10 2022 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kentucky Fried Chicken Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fast food in North America Official website Coordinates 38 11 53 0 N 85 41 44 6 W 38 198056 N 85 695722 W 38 198056 85 695722 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title KFC amp oldid 1143486540, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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