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List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves

January 27, 2023

For reserves excluding gold, see List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold).

Foreign-exchange reserves, also called Forex reserves, are, in a strict sense, only foreign-currency deposits held by nationals and monetary authorities. However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available and also arguably more meaningful.[citation needed]

These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. Dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Chinese Yuan, the Russian Ruble, the Indian rupee, the Swiss Franc and the Pound Sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the Central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.[citation needed]

The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data, and while most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros and some others report in their respective currencies. And since all the figures below are in U.S dollar equivalents, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures.

Foreign exchange reserves

Rank
[a]
 Country or region Foreign
exchange
reserves
(Millions US$) 		Figures as of Change from
previous data
(millions US$)
weekly/monthly 		Sources
1     People's Republic of China 3,306,530 December 2022   16,598 [1]
2     Japan 1,227,576 31 December 2022   1,244 [2]
3     Switzerland 885,057 30 November 2022   1,723 [3]
4     Russia 592,000 13 January 2023   10,000 [4][b]
5     India 572,000 13 January 2023   10,417 [5][c]
6     Taiwan 554,930 December 2022   2,730 [6][d]
7     Saudi Arabia 470,727 November 2022   8,000 [7][e]
8     Hong Kong 423,200 30 November 2022   4,000 [8]
9     South Korea 414,006 October 2022   2,764 [9]
10     Brazil 324,703 December 2022   6,802 [10]
11     Singapore 289,484 December 2022   1,790 [11]
12     Germany 277,458 November 2022   3,037 [12][13][f]
13     United States 242,699 30 December 2022   0,229 [14][g]
14     France 238,277 October 2022   0,948 [15]
15     Italy 211,308 November 2022   1,932 [16][12][17] [h]
16     Thailand 210,696 November 2022   8,790 [18]
17     Mexico 198,240 November 2022   1,393 [19]
18     Israel 194,414 November 2022   5,572 [20]
19     United Kingdom 182,790 November 2022   6,686 [21][22][i]
20     Poland 148,954 June 2022   5,321 [23]
21     Czech Republic 147,512 July 2022   7,121 [24]
22     Indonesia 130,782 September 2022   1,420 [12][25]
23     United Arab Emirates 129,320 March 2022   4,195 [26][j]
24     Malaysia 114,900 January 2023   0,500 [27]
25     Turkey 107,000 August 2022   10,295 [28][k]
26     Canada 106,462 November 2022   2,686 [29]
27     Iraq 96,000 19 December 2022   6,092 [30]
28     Philippines 93,954 November 2022   0,074 [31]
29     Vietnam 92,101 August 2022   6,504 [32]
30     Spain 87,222 30 June 2022 [33][12]
31     Iran 86,000 February 2020 [34][l]
—   European Union (ECB) 85,602 August 2021   0,801 [35][m]
32     Denmark 73,922 May 2022   0,315 [12][36]
33     Peru 73,416 30 June 2022   3,000 [37][38]
34     Norway 70,287 June 2022   2,843 [39][12]
35     Libya 69,114 March 2022   0,665 [40][32]
36     Algeria 60,914 October 2020   1,454 [32][n]
37     Colombia 58,161 September 2021   0,124 [12]
38     Romania 55,789 31 December 2022   4,635 [41][42]
39     Australia 57,889 December 2022   2,226 [43]
40     South Africa 54,473 June 2021   0,334 [12]
41     Sweden 54,020 6 March 2021   1,345 [44][o]
42     Netherlands 54,016 May 2021   2,677 [12][45]
43     Kuwait 48,895 May 2022   2,040 [46][p]
44     Chile 42,593 April 2021   2,373 [12]
45     Qatar 42,341 May 2022   1,305 [47]
46    Nigeria 40,660 22 December 2021   4,652 [48]
47    Argentina 39,139 22 December 2021   1,956 [49]
48    Egypt 37,909 7 April 2022   3,910 [50]
49     Hungary 36,593 April 2021   0,933 [12][51]
50     Morocco 27,800 October 2021   0,380 [12]
51     Kazakhstan 35,438 November 2021   0,382 [12]
52     Uzbekistan 35,139 1 January 2022   0,390 [52]
53     Bangladesh 33,789 November 2022   2,019 [53]
54     Bulgaria 32,881 April 2021   0,748 [12]
55     Belgium 31,762 April 2021   0,860 [12]
56     Ukraine 31,614 September 2021   2,656 [12]
57     Portugal 29,050 April 2021   2,391 [12]
58     Austria 28,513 April 2021   0,842 [12]
59     Croatia 28,416 3 January 2022   0,996 [54][55]
60     Macau 25,849 April 2021   0,819 [56]
61     Turkmenistan 20,600 February 2017 [34]
62     Cambodia 19,500 23 July 2021   1,410 [57]
63     Jordan 19,044 December 2021   0,987 [12]
64     Guatemala 18,807 April 2021   0,112 [12]
65     Serbia 18,560 14 December 2021   0,175 [58]
66     Oman 18,000 28 December 2021   0,778 [59]
67     Uruguay 16,952 December 2021   0,176 [60]
68     Finland 16,552 January 2022   0,228 [12][61]
69     Angola 15,400 2 January 2022   0,391 [62]
70     New Zealand 14,544 December 2021   1,559 [12]
71     Dominican Republic 12,611 June 2021   0,200 [63]
72     Lebanon 12,500 21 December 2021   30,877 [64]
73     Ghana 11,403 29 September 2021   2,445 [65]
74     Greece 10,895 February 2021   0,277 [12]
75     Paraguay 9,880 April 2021   0,199 [12]
76     Panama 9,613 2020   5,400 [63]
77     Afghanistan 9,446 February 2021   0,060 [32]
78       Nepal 9,350 June 2022   1,500 [66]
79     Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,300 29 November 2021   0,916 [67]
80     Tunisia 8,840 March 2021   0,290 [32]
81     Honduras 8,462 24 December 2021   0,320 [68]
82     Ecuador 8,130 23 November 2021   4,931 [69]
83     Slovakia 8,100 May 2021   0,096 [12]
84     North Korea 8,000 October 2013 [70]
85     Ireland 7,717 April 2021   0,003 [71]
86     Azerbaijan 7,689 March 2021   0,142 [32]
87     Mauritius 7,461 April 2021   0,133 [12]
88     Belarus 7,277 April 2021   0,337 [12]
89     Trinidad and Tobago 7,000 August 2021   0,644 [72][73]
90     Iceland 6,860 April 2021   0,074 [12]
91     Costa Rica 6,814 29 November 2021   0,320 [74]
92     Tanzania 6,714 19 November 2021   1,600 [75]
93     Myanmar 6,700 2019   0,800 [76]
94     Venezuela 5,908 16 November 2021   0,776 [77]
95     Latvia 5,404 April 2021   0,080 [12]
96     Botswana 5,080 February 2021   0,267 [32]
97     Lithuania 4,848 December 2020   0,440 [12]
98     Cuba 4,847 March 2020   8,391 [63]
99     Ivory Coast 4,688 November 2017 [34]
100     Albania 4,345 26 November 2021   0,400 [78]
101     Uganda 4,300 1 December 2021   0,950 [79]
102     Nicaragua 4,000 17 December 2021   1,100 [80]
103     Bolivia 3,868 January 2023   0,639 [81]
104     Jamaica 3,905 June 2021   0,300 [12]
105     Mozambique 3,888 2019 [76]
106     Georgia 3,776 October 2020   0,400 [12]
107     Mongolia 3,697 September 2020   0,300 [12]
108     Pakistan 3,678 20 January 2023   923 [82]
109     Brunei 3,664 February 2021   0,098 [32]
110     Armenia 3,500 July 2022   0,400 [83]
111     Cameroon 3,459 2018 [76]
112     Moldova 3,453 September 2020   0,500 [12]
113     Bahrain 3,415 February 2020 [citation needed]
114     North Macedonia 3,400 9 December 2021   1,500 [84]
115     Ethiopia 2,993 2019 [76]
116     Kyrgyzstan 2,910 September 2021   0,700 [12]
117     El Salvador 2,510 April 2021   0,062 [12]
118     Papua New Guinea 2,339 2019   0,500 [76]
119     Haiti 2,296 2019   0,100 [63]
120     Estonia 2,216 October 2020   0,900 [12]
121     Namibia 1,924 September 2020   0,025 [12]
122     Bahamas 1,758 2019 [76]
122     Kenya 1,704 20 October 2022   0,073 "Weekly Economic Indicators". Retrieved 3 August 2019.
123     Madagascar 1,693 2019 [76]
124     Montenegro 1,529 2019 [76]
125   Mauritania 1,493 2020 [76]
126     Tajikistan 1,466 2019 [76]
127     Rwanda 1,465 2019 [76]
128     Zambia 1,449 2019 [76]
129     Guinea 1,418 2019 [76]
130   Gabon 1,321 2019 [76]
131     Cyprus 1,271 August 2020   0,200 [12]
132   Bhutan 1,238 2019 [76]
133     Slovenia 1,217 October 2020   0,200 [12]
134   Luxembourg 1,191 December 2020   0,034 [12]
135   Laos 1,068 2019 [76]
136   Curaçao 1,055 31 October 2019 [85][q]
137   Fiji 1,043 2019 [76]
138   Niger 1,039 2015 [76][failed verification]
139   Aruba 982 2019 [76]
140   Kosovo 965 2019 [76]
141     Malta 928 October 2020   0,030 [12]
142   Lesotho 774 2019 [76]
143   Barbados 772 2019 [76]
144   Maldives 762 2018 [76]
145   Cape Verde 737 2019 [76]
146   Gambia 692 2018 [76]
147     Palestine 683 August 2019   0,050 [12][r]
148   Democratic Republic of the Congo 665 2018 [76]
149   Timor-Leste 656 2019 [76]
150     Suriname 647 2019   0,065 [76]
151   Mali 624 2015 [76][failed verification]
152     Guyana 573 2019   0,050 [76]
153   Solomon Islands 571 2019 [76]
154     Seychelles 566 September 2020   0,031 [12]
155   Sierra Leone 532 2019 [76]
156   Vanuatu 511 2019 [76]
157   Djibouti 501 2019 [76]
158   San Marino 473 2019 [76]
159     Malawi 471 13 October 2021   0,350 [87]
160   Eswatini 440 2019 [76]
161   Republic of the Congo 423 2018 [76]
162   Syria 407 31 December 2017 [34]
163   Federated States of Micronesia 397 2019 [76]
164   Central African Republic 361 2018 [76]
165   Saint Kitts and Nevis 351 2018 [76]
166   Liberia 349 2019 [76]
167   Guinea-Bissau 332 2015 [76][failed verification]
168   Antigua and Barbuda 279 2019 [76]
169   Belize 277 2019 [76]
170   Saint Lucia 260 2019 [76]
171   Yemen 245 31 December 2017 [34]
172   Grenada 236 2019 [76]
173   Tonga 229 2019 [76]
174   Togo 215 31 December 2017 [34]
175   Comoros 202 2019 [76]
176   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 193 2019 [76]
177   Eritrea 191 2019 [76]
178   Samoa 185 2019 [76]
179   South Sudan 183 2020 [76]
180   Sudan 177 2017 [76]
181   Dominica 166 2019 [76]
182   Senegal 152 31 December 2017 [34]
183   Zimbabwe 151 2019 [76]
184   Chad 147 2018 [76]
185   Burundi 111 2019 [76]
186   São Tomé and Príncipe 75 2020 [76]
187   Benin 60 31 December 2017 [34]
188   Montserrat 49 31 December 2017 [34]
189   Equatorial Guinea 48 2018 [76]
190   Burkina Faso 45 31 December 2017 [34]
191   Somalia 32 31 December 2017 [34]
192   Kiribati 6 2020 [32]
193     Andorra
194   Sri Lanka

Timeline of the top 5 countries

The five countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves almost all have reserves of at least 500 billion USD and higher and have maintained such an amount for at least a week. At present there are only six countries whose reserves are at such a figure; this includes China, Japan, Switzerland, India, Russia and Taiwan. Saudi Arabia formerly included on the list until March 2020; its reserves were severely depleted by the low oil price during the economic fallout of from the global outbreak of coronavirus disease, its ongoing oil price war with Russia and competition from US shale oil.[88]

The images below shows the timeline of their reserves since the earliest available forex data. The list is in accordance to their respective positions.

China

 
Foreign Exchange Reserves of China

The foreign-exchange reserves of China are the greatest of all countries and have been so for more than 14 years.[89][90] The main composition of Chinese forex reserves is approximately two-thirds USD and one-fifth Euros with the rest made up of Japanese Yen and the British Pound. China was the second country to reach $500 billion and the first to reach $1 trillion in reserves. China is also the only country that reached net reserves of $2 trillion and $3 trillion Chinese forex reserve reached over $3.993 trillion and possibly reached $4 trillion before July 2014 but there was no official figures to confirm it.

China began reducing its forex reserves in July 2014 over concerns that the forex reserve level was too high. The practice lasted one and a half years. In January 2017, Chinese forex reserves dipped below $3 trillion briefly and have since remained above that level.

Japan

 
Foreign Exchange Reserves of Japan

Japanese forex reserves are the second largest in the world. Japan was the first country to reach $500 billion in reserves and had the highest forex reserves in the world until they were surpassed by China in 2006. They have remained in second place since 2006 and above $1 trillion since 2008, being the second country to surpass $1 trillion.[91]

Switzerland

 
Foreign Exchange Reserves of Switzerland in CHF

Swiss forex reserves are the third largest in the world. Switzerland became the fifth country to reach $500 Billion in 2014 after Saudi Arabia and the third country to reach $1 trillion at the end of 2020. Swiss reserves are compiled in Swiss francs. Since the Financial crisis of 2007-2008, the Swiss franc has significantly appreciated against other currencies due to Switzerland's traditional perceived safety which has attracted speculative foreign capital; due to the inflows of investment income by Swiss firms, and due to the large surplus in the trade of goods. In order to protect the real economy from the sudden speculative appreciation of the currency, the Swiss National Bank began intervening in the currency markets, first with an explicit target of a maximum exchange rate against the euro of 1.20CHF/EUR until 2015,[92] and then through implicit interventions. However, the resilience of the export sector and the continued inflows of capital, has meant that the Swiss Franc has kept appreciating.[93] As a result of this, the SNB has been unable to dispose of its large accumulated foreign exchange reserves since their sale would lead to an even greater appreciation of the currency.

Russia

 
Foreign Exchange Reserves of Russia

Russian reserves are the world's fifth largest; They have reached a level of $600 billion on 21 May 2021. They were the third country to reach $500 billion.[94] The first fall in reserves was due to the Great Recession, the second fall in 2015 was due to falling oil prices.

India

 
Foreign Exchange Reserves of India

The Foreign-exchange reserves of India are the fourth largest. On 4 June 2021 reserves exceeded $600 billion for the first time and they became the fifth country after Switzerland to do so.[95] During the 1991 Indian economic crisis country only had $5 billion of reserves left which led to subsequent economic liberalisation. Since then the reserves have seen a 127 times increase over 30 years.

Currency composition of foreign exchange reserves

IMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis. As of Q4 2016, there are 146 reporters, consisting of IMF member countries, a number of non-member countries/economies, and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves. From Q4 2016, the data was expanded to include renminbi (RMB).[96] Monetary gold is not covered in COFER but included in reserved assets, a broader scope than that of COFER.[97]

Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)
(US Dollars, billions)[96]
No. Currency Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021 Q2 2021 Q3 2021 Q4 2021
1  USD 5,713.35 5,909.13 6,124.73 6,280.61 6,530.87 6,560.78 6,632.15 6,617.84 6,727.09 6,752.28 6,728.85 6,674.83 6,794.91 - - 6,990.97 6,971.79 7,070.33 7,087.77 7,087.14
2  EUR 1,703.13 1,847.19 1,933.68 2,019.25 2,117.57 2,129.41 2,192.43 2,219.34 2,208.79 2,264.88 2,212.74 2,279.30 2,197.30 - - 2,526.41 2,404.80 2,458.88 2,462.44 2,486.88
3  JPY 399.85 427.79 435.67 491.01 477.28 511.52 532.94 558.36 584.63 611.87 612.75 631.00 624.97 - - 715.35 686.30 672.20 681.42 671.77
4  GBP 377.89 409.48 434.08 454.12 486.13 469.86 481.10 475.45 495.70 497.41 492.22 511.51 486.08 - - 561.39 554.28 560.90 561.66 576.22
5  RMB 95.42 100.00 108.37 123.47 145.67 192.75 192.38 202.79 212.26 212.80 213.83 215.81 221.48 - - 271.60 293.32 314.81 320.15 336.10
6  CAD 167.49 178.77 192.85 202.80 193.29 200.22 208.74 197.76 208.64 209.85 205.44 206.71 195.13 - - 246.57 250.01 270.01 264.29 286.93
7  AUD 156.28 162.31 171.22 180.01 176.96 178.61 180.91 174.21 181.95 186.71 182.48 187.18 170.16 - - 216.87 214.89 218.44 214.26 218.02
8  CHF 14.45 15.60 16.31 18.09 17.93 17.18 17.18 15.86 15.27 15.53 16.20 17.36 16.05 - - 20.74 19.44 23.13 23.77 24.51
Other currencies 208.28 209.55 228.81 244.69 256.46 254.62 269.60 266.07 263.50 270.56 262.92 281.50 255.53 - - 314.63 335.82 357.57 354.77 362.96
Unallocated Reserves 2,063.28 1,859.04 1,650.32 1,430.36 1,201.40 951.69 692.22 690.55 712.93 715.88 729.40 749.55 770.32 - - 841.14 851.50 865.83 860.67 886.73
Total 10,899.42 11,118.86 11,296.05 11,444.41 11,603.57 11,466.63 11,399.66 11,418.24 11,610.77 11,737.76 11,656.82 11,824.74 11,731.94 - - 12,705.67 12,582.14 12,812.12 12,831.20 12,937.27

See also

Notes

  1. ^ increment & decrement icon of countries resets at end of month or till specific country releases its forex reserve data.
  2. ^ Russian Federation releases both weekly and monthly data of its reserves.
  3. ^ Indian reports are released on a weekly basis rather than the traditional monthly basis with the figures being of the previous week, by Reserve Bank of India.
  4. ^ Known as the Republic of China
  5. ^ Amount calculated on 24th September, 2022 when 1 SAR: 0.27 USD
  6. ^ Amount calculated on 21th July, 2022 when 1 EUR : 1.02 USD
  7. ^ Includes 261.499 million fine troy ounces of gold valued at a fixed price of $42.2222 per fine troy ounce. The US releases data on a weekly basis.
  8. ^ Amount calculated on 8th Oct, 2022 when 1 Euro: 0.97 USD
  9. ^ Reserves held by the UK Government and Bank of England.
  10. ^ Amount calculated on 23 July 2022 when 1 AED : 0.27 USD; It is almost non-volatile for the last period of 1 yr. and the value is not fluctuated on large scale
  11. ^ Turkey releases both weekly and monthly data
  12. ^ The Iranian government does not report the foreign exchange reserves as a matter of policy and all figures are estimates calculated by international or foreign institutes, which are occasionally endorsed by Iranian officials without disclosing the exact numbers.
  13. ^ Not to be confused over 'Eurozone' ECB is the common bank of European countries that have opted for Euro as their common currency but eurozone includes the total amount of foreign reserves held by the different European countries central bank and provides collective data of all European members.
  14. ^ Including gold reserves valued @ $1,878.67 per fine troy ounce calculated on 30 October 2020
  15. ^ Sweden releases both weekly and monthly data
  16. ^ Amount calculated on 20 July 2022 when 1 Kuwaiti Dinar: 3.25 USD
  17. ^ Figure reported in NAf (ANG), and derived using currency peg of 1USD to 1.79ANG.[86]
  18. ^ Name in IMF data is "West Bank and Gaza".

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  57. ^ "Kingdom has 36.5 tonnes of gold and $19.5 billion in FX reserves, says NBC". KhmerTimes. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  58. ^ "Serbian c-bank's FX reserves rise m/m in November". SeeNews. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  59. ^ "CBO 2021 FX Reserves Reach $18 Billion". Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  60. ^ "Central Bank of Uruguay". Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  61. ^ "Selected euro area statistics and national breakdowns". 26 October 2020.
  62. ^ "Reservas internacionais liquidas fixam-se em 98 mil milhoes usd no final de 2021" (in Portuguese). 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  63. ^ a b c d "¿Qué país de América Latina posee las mayores reservas internacionales?". ElDinero.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  64. ^ "Lebanon needs $12-15 bn to kickstart recovery: central bank". France24. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  65. ^ "Ghana: BoG Purchases 280 Kilogrammes of Gold to Shore Up Exchange Foreign Reserves".
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  76. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg "Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) - Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
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  78. ^ "Albania's c-bank FX reserves flattish y/y in Oct – table". SeeNews.
  79. ^ "Uganda's Foreign Exchange Reserve Rises to Shs15 Trillion".
  80. ^ "Las reservas internacionales brutas de Nicaragua alcanzan $4,000.6 millones" (in Spanish).
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  82. ^ "Data" (PDF). State Bank of Pakistan. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
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  87. ^ "Malawi State of Forex Reserves Remains Sloppy". 14 October 2021.
  88. ^ "Saudi reserves fastest fall in two decades". 29 April 2020.
  89. ^ Bradsher, Keith (18 February 2016). "China's Foreign Exchange Reserves Dwindling Rapidly". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  90. ^ Babones, Salvatore. "China Is Sitting On $3 Trillion In Currency Reserves, But Is That Enough?". Forbes.
  91. ^ Terada, Shinichi (8 March 2008). "Forex reserves pass $1 trillion milestone". The Japan Times.
  92. ^ https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/pre_20150115/source/pre_20150115.en.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  93. ^ Revill, John (30 November 2021). "Analysis: Swiss franc rises to six year high as central bank stands back | Reuters". Reuters.
  94. ^ "Russian Reserves March Toward $600 Billion As Sanction Threats Loom, Fitch Says". www.rferl.org.
  95. ^ "India's forex reserves crosses half trillion for the first time".
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  97. ^ " ". data.imf.org. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

External links

  • IMF's Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity -- Reporting Countries
  • IMF's SDDS subscribers with links to their websites containing data on international reserves
  • Central bank and monetary authority websites at the Bank for International Settlements website

January 27, 2023
list, countries, foreign, exchange, reserves, reserves, excluding, gold, excluding, gold, foreign, exchange, reserves, also, called, forex, reserves, strict, sense, only, foreign, currency, deposits, held, nationals, monetary, authorities, however, popular, us. For reserves excluding gold see List of countries by foreign exchange reserves excluding gold Foreign exchange reserves also called Forex reserves are in a strict sense only foreign currency deposits held by nationals and monetary authorities However in popular usage and in the list below it also includes gold reserves special drawing rights SDRs and International Monetary Fund IMF reserve position because this total figure which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves is more readily available and also arguably more meaningful citation needed These foreign currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies e g the U S Dollar the Euro the Japanese Yen the Chinese Yuan the Russian Ruble the Indian rupee the Swiss Franc and the Pound Sterling and which are used to back its liabilities e g the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the Central bank by the government or financial institutions Before the end of the gold standard gold was the preferred reserve currency Some nations are converting foreign exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds which can rival foreign exchange reserves in size citation needed The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data and while most nations report in U S dollars a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros and some others report in their respective currencies And since all the figures below are in U S dollar equivalents exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures Contents 1 Foreign exchange reserves 2 Timeline of the top 5 countries 3 Currency composition of foreign exchange reserves 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksForeign exchange reserves EditRank a Country or region Foreign exchangereserves Millions US Figures as of Change from previous data millions US weekly monthly Sources1 People s Republic of China 3 306 530 December 2022 16 598 1 2 Japan 1 227 576 31 December 2022 1 244 2 3 Switzerland 885 057 30 November 2022 1 723 3 4 Russia 592 000 13 January 2023 10 000 4 b 5 India 572 000 13 January 2023 10 417 5 c 6 Taiwan 554 930 December 2022 2 730 6 d 7 Saudi Arabia 470 727 November 2022 8 000 7 e 8 Hong Kong 423 200 30 November 2022 4 000 8 9 South Korea 414 006 October 2022 2 764 9 10 Brazil 324 703 December 2022 6 802 10 11 Singapore 289 484 December 2022 1 790 11 12 Germany 277 458 November 2022 3 037 12 13 f 13 United States 242 699 30 December 2022 0 229 14 g 14 France 238 277 October 2022 0 948 15 15 Italy 211 308 November 2022 1 932 16 12 17 h 16 Thailand 210 696 November 2022 8 790 18 17 Mexico 198 240 November 2022 1 393 19 18 Israel 194 414 November 2022 5 572 20 19 United Kingdom 182 790 November 2022 6 686 21 22 i 20 Poland 148 954 June 2022 5 321 23 21 Czech Republic 147 512 July 2022 7 121 24 22 Indonesia 130 782 September 2022 1 420 12 25 23 United Arab Emirates 129 320 March 2022 4 195 26 j 24 Malaysia 114 900 January 2023 0 500 27 25 Turkey 107 000 August 2022 10 295 28 k 26 Canada 106 462 November 2022 2 686 29 27 Iraq 96 000 19 December 2022 6 092 30 28 Philippines 93 954 November 2022 0 074 31 29 Vietnam 92 101 August 2022 6 504 32 30 Spain 87 222 30 June 2022 33 12 31 Iran 86 000 February 2020 34 l European Union ECB 85 602 August 2021 0 801 35 m 32 Denmark 73 922 May 2022 0 315 12 36 33 Peru 73 416 30 June 2022 3 000 37 38 34 Norway 70 287 June 2022 2 843 39 12 35 Libya 69 114 March 2022 0 665 40 32 36 Algeria 60 914 October 2020 1 454 32 n 37 Colombia 58 161 September 2021 0 124 12 38 Romania 55 789 31 December 2022 4 635 41 42 39 Australia 57 889 December 2022 2 226 43 40 South Africa 54 473 June 2021 0 334 12 41 Sweden 54 020 6 March 2021 1 345 44 o 42 Netherlands 54 016 May 2021 2 677 12 45 43 Kuwait 48 895 May 2022 2 040 46 p 44 Chile 42 593 April 2021 2 373 12 45 Qatar 42 341 May 2022 1 305 47 46 Nigeria 40 660 22 December 2021 4 652 48 47 Argentina 39 139 22 December 2021 1 956 49 48 Egypt 37 909 7 April 2022 3 910 50 49 Hungary 36 593 April 2021 0 933 12 51 50 Morocco 27 800 October 2021 0 380 12 51 Kazakhstan 35 438 November 2021 0 382 12 52 Uzbekistan 35 139 1 January 2022 0 390 52 53 Bangladesh 33 789 November 2022 2 019 53 54 Bulgaria 32 881 April 2021 0 748 12 55 Belgium 31 762 April 2021 0 860 12 56 Ukraine 31 614 September 2021 2 656 12 57 Portugal 29 050 April 2021 2 391 12 58 Austria 28 513 April 2021 0 842 12 59 Croatia 28 416 3 January 2022 0 996 54 55 60 Macau 25 849 April 2021 0 819 56 61 Turkmenistan 20 600 February 2017 34 62 Cambodia 19 500 23 July 2021 1 410 57 63 Jordan 19 044 December 2021 0 987 12 64 Guatemala 18 807 April 2021 0 112 12 65 Serbia 18 560 14 December 2021 0 175 58 66 Oman 18 000 28 December 2021 0 778 59 67 Uruguay 16 952 December 2021 0 176 60 68 Finland 16 552 January 2022 0 228 12 61 69 Angola 15 400 2 January 2022 0 391 62 70 New Zealand 14 544 December 2021 1 559 12 71 Dominican Republic 12 611 June 2021 0 200 63 72 Lebanon 12 500 21 December 2021 30 877 64 73 Ghana 11 403 29 September 2021 2 445 65 74 Greece 10 895 February 2021 0 277 12 75 Paraguay 9 880 April 2021 0 199 12 76 Panama 9 613 2020 5 400 63 77 Afghanistan 9 446 February 2021 0 060 32 78 Nepal 9 350 June 2022 1 500 66 79 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 300 29 November 2021 0 916 67 80 Tunisia 8 840 March 2021 0 290 32 81 Honduras 8 462 24 December 2021 0 320 68 82 Ecuador 8 130 23 November 2021 4 931 69 83 Slovakia 8 100 May 2021 0 096 12 84 North Korea 8 000 October 2013 70 85 Ireland 7 717 April 2021 0 003 71 86 Azerbaijan 7 689 March 2021 0 142 32 87 Mauritius 7 461 April 2021 0 133 12 88 Belarus 7 277 April 2021 0 337 12 89 Trinidad and Tobago 7 000 August 2021 0 644 72 73 90 Iceland 6 860 April 2021 0 074 12 91 Costa Rica 6 814 29 November 2021 0 320 74 92 Tanzania 6 714 19 November 2021 1 600 75 93 Myanmar 6 700 2019 0 800 76 94 Venezuela 5 908 16 November 2021 0 776 77 95 Latvia 5 404 April 2021 0 080 12 96 Botswana 5 080 February 2021 0 267 32 97 Lithuania 4 848 December 2020 0 440 12 98 Cuba 4 847 March 2020 8 391 63 99 Ivory Coast 4 688 November 2017 34 100 Albania 4 345 26 November 2021 0 400 78 101 Uganda 4 300 1 December 2021 0 950 79 102 Nicaragua 4 000 17 December 2021 1 100 80 103 Bolivia 3 868 January 2023 0 639 81 104 Jamaica 3 905 June 2021 0 300 12 105 Mozambique 3 888 2019 76 106 Georgia 3 776 October 2020 0 400 12 107 Mongolia 3 697 September 2020 0 300 12 108 Pakistan 3 678 20 January 2023 923 82 109 Brunei 3 664 February 2021 0 098 32 110 Armenia 3 500 July 2022 0 400 83 111 Cameroon 3 459 2018 76 112 Moldova 3 453 September 2020 0 500 12 113 Bahrain 3 415 February 2020 citation needed 114 North Macedonia 3 400 9 December 2021 1 500 84 115 Ethiopia 2 993 2019 76 116 Kyrgyzstan 2 910 September 2021 0 700 12 117 El Salvador 2 510 April 2021 0 062 12 118 Papua New Guinea 2 339 2019 0 500 76 119 Haiti 2 296 2019 0 100 63 120 Estonia 2 216 October 2020 0 900 12 121 Namibia 1 924 September 2020 0 025 12 122 Bahamas 1 758 2019 76 122 Kenya 1 704 20 October 2022 0 073 Weekly Economic Indicators Retrieved 3 August 2019 123 Madagascar 1 693 2019 76 124 Montenegro 1 529 2019 76 125 Mauritania 1 493 2020 76 126 Tajikistan 1 466 2019 76 127 Rwanda 1 465 2019 76 128 Zambia 1 449 2019 76 129 Guinea 1 418 2019 76 130 Gabon 1 321 2019 76 131 Cyprus 1 271 August 2020 0 200 12 132 Bhutan 1 238 2019 76 133 Slovenia 1 217 October 2020 0 200 12 134 Luxembourg 1 191 December 2020 0 034 12 135 Laos 1 068 2019 76 136 Curacao 1 055 31 October 2019 85 q 137 Fiji 1 043 2019 76 138 Niger 1 039 2015 76 failed verification 139 Aruba 982 2019 76 140 Kosovo 965 2019 76 141 Malta 928 October 2020 0 030 12 142 Lesotho 774 2019 76 143 Barbados 772 2019 76 144 Maldives 762 2018 76 145 Cape Verde 737 2019 76 146 Gambia 692 2018 76 147 Palestine 683 August 2019 0 050 12 r 148 Democratic Republic of the Congo 665 2018 76 149 Timor Leste 656 2019 76 150 Suriname 647 2019 0 065 76 151 Mali 624 2015 76 failed verification 152 Guyana 573 2019 0 050 76 153 Solomon Islands 571 2019 76 154 Seychelles 566 September 2020 0 031 12 155 Sierra Leone 532 2019 76 156 Vanuatu 511 2019 76 157 Djibouti 501 2019 76 158 San Marino 473 2019 76 159 Malawi 471 13 October 2021 0 350 87 160 Eswatini 440 2019 76 161 Republic of the Congo 423 2018 76 162 Syria 407 31 December 2017 34 163 Federated States of Micronesia 397 2019 76 164 Central African Republic 361 2018 76 165 Saint Kitts and Nevis 351 2018 76 166 Liberia 349 2019 76 167 Guinea Bissau 332 2015 76 failed verification 168 Antigua and Barbuda 279 2019 76 169 Belize 277 2019 76 170 Saint Lucia 260 2019 76 171 Yemen 245 31 December 2017 34 172 Grenada 236 2019 76 173 Tonga 229 2019 76 174 Togo 215 31 December 2017 34 175 Comoros 202 2019 76 176 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 193 2019 76 177 Eritrea 191 2019 76 178 Samoa 185 2019 76 179 South Sudan 183 2020 76 180 Sudan 177 2017 76 181 Dominica 166 2019 76 182 Senegal 152 31 December 2017 34 183 Zimbabwe 151 2019 76 184 Chad 147 2018 76 185 Burundi 111 2019 76 186 Sao Tome and Principe 75 2020 76 187 Benin 60 31 December 2017 34 188 Montserrat 49 31 December 2017 34 189 Equatorial Guinea 48 2018 76 190 Burkina Faso 45 31 December 2017 34 191 Somalia 32 31 December 2017 34 192 Kiribati 6 2020 32 193 Andorra194 Sri LankaTimeline of the top 5 countries EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The five countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves almost all have reserves of at least 500 billion USD and higher and have maintained such an amount for at least a week At present there are only six countries whose reserves are at such a figure this includes China Japan Switzerland India Russia and Taiwan Saudi Arabia formerly included on the list until March 2020 its reserves were severely depleted by the low oil price during the economic fallout of from the global outbreak of coronavirus disease its ongoing oil price war with Russia and competition from US shale oil 88 The images below shows the timeline of their reserves since the earliest available forex data The list is in accordance to their respective positions China Foreign Exchange Reserves of China The foreign exchange reserves of China are the greatest of all countries and have been so for more than 14 years 89 90 The main composition of Chinese forex reserves is approximately two thirds USD and one fifth Euros with the rest made up of Japanese Yen and the British Pound China was the second country to reach 500 billion and the first to reach 1 trillion in reserves China is also the only country that reached net reserves of 2 trillion and 3 trillion Chinese forex reserve reached over 3 993 trillion and possibly reached 4 trillion before July 2014 but there was no official figures to confirm it China began reducing its forex reserves in July 2014 over concerns that the forex reserve level was too high The practice lasted one and a half years In January 2017 Chinese forex reserves dipped below 3 trillion briefly and have since remained above that level Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves of Japan Japanese forex reserves are the second largest in the world Japan was the first country to reach 500 billion in reserves and had the highest forex reserves in the world until they were surpassed by China in 2006 They have remained in second place since 2006 and above 1 trillion since 2008 being the second country to surpass 1 trillion 91 Switzerland Foreign Exchange Reserves of Switzerland in CHF Swiss forex reserves are the third largest in the world Switzerland became the fifth country to reach 500 Billion in 2014 after Saudi Arabia and the third country to reach 1 trillion at the end of 2020 Swiss reserves are compiled in Swiss francs Since the Financial crisis of 2007 2008 the Swiss franc has significantly appreciated against other currencies due to Switzerland s traditional perceived safety which has attracted speculative foreign capital due to the inflows of investment income by Swiss firms and due to the large surplus in the trade of goods In order to protect the real economy from the sudden speculative appreciation of the currency the Swiss National Bank began intervening in the currency markets first with an explicit target of a maximum exchange rate against the euro of 1 20CHF EUR until 2015 92 and then through implicit interventions However the resilience of the export sector and the continued inflows of capital has meant that the Swiss Franc has kept appreciating 93 As a result of this the SNB has been unable to dispose of its large accumulated foreign exchange reserves since their sale would lead to an even greater appreciation of the currency Russia Foreign Exchange Reserves of Russia Russian reserves are the world s fifth largest They have reached a level of 600 billion on 21 May 2021 They were the third country to reach 500 billion 94 The first fall in reserves was due to the Great Recession the second fall in 2015 was due to falling oil prices India Foreign Exchange Reserves of India The Foreign exchange reserves of India are the fourth largest On 4 June 2021 reserves exceeded 600 billion for the first time and they became the fifth country after Switzerland to do so 95 During the 1991 Indian economic crisis country only had 5 billion of reserves left which led to subsequent economic liberalisation Since then the reserves have seen a 127 times increase over 30 years Currency composition of foreign exchange reserves EditIMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis As of Q4 2016 there are 146 reporters consisting of IMF member countries a number of non member countries economies and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves From Q4 2016 the data was expanded to include renminbi RMB 96 Monetary gold is not covered in COFER but included in reserved assets a broader scope than that of COFER 97 Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves COFER US Dollars billions 96 No Currency Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021 Q2 2021 Q3 2021 Q4 20211 USD 5 713 35 5 909 13 6 124 73 6 280 61 6 530 87 6 560 78 6 632 15 6 617 84 6 727 09 6 752 28 6 728 85 6 674 83 6 794 91 6 990 97 6 971 79 7 070 33 7 087 77 7 087 142 EUR 1 703 13 1 847 19 1 933 68 2 019 25 2 117 57 2 129 41 2 192 43 2 219 34 2 208 79 2 264 88 2 212 74 2 279 30 2 197 30 2 526 41 2 404 80 2 458 88 2 462 44 2 486 883 JPY 399 85 427 79 435 67 491 01 477 28 511 52 532 94 558 36 584 63 611 87 612 75 631 00 624 97 715 35 686 30 672 20 681 42 671 774 GBP 377 89 409 48 434 08 454 12 486 13 469 86 481 10 475 45 495 70 497 41 492 22 511 51 486 08 561 39 554 28 560 90 561 66 576 225 RMB 95 42 100 00 108 37 123 47 145 67 192 75 192 38 202 79 212 26 212 80 213 83 215 81 221 48 271 60 293 32 314 81 320 15 336 106 CAD 167 49 178 77 192 85 202 80 193 29 200 22 208 74 197 76 208 64 209 85 205 44 206 71 195 13 246 57 250 01 270 01 264 29 286 937 AUD 156 28 162 31 171 22 180 01 176 96 178 61 180 91 174 21 181 95 186 71 182 48 187 18 170 16 216 87 214 89 218 44 214 26 218 028 CHF 14 45 15 60 16 31 18 09 17 93 17 18 17 18 15 86 15 27 15 53 16 20 17 36 16 05 20 74 19 44 23 13 23 77 24 51Other currencies 208 28 209 55 228 81 244 69 256 46 254 62 269 60 266 07 263 50 270 56 262 92 281 50 255 53 314 63 335 82 357 57 354 77 362 96Unallocated Reserves 2 063 28 1 859 04 1 650 32 1 430 36 1 201 40 951 69 692 22 690 55 712 93 715 88 729 40 749 55 770 32 841 14 851 50 865 83 860 67 886 73Total 10 899 42 11 118 86 11 296 05 11 444 41 11 603 57 11 466 63 11 399 66 11 418 24 11 610 77 11 737 76 11 656 82 11 824 74 11 731 94 12 705 67 12 582 14 12 812 12 12 831 20 12 937 27See also EditList of countries by foreign exchange reserves excluding gold List of circulating currenciesNotes Edit increment amp decrement icon of countries resets at end of month or till specific country releases its forex reserve data Russian Federation releases both weekly and monthly data of its reserves Indian reports are released on a weekly basis rather than the traditional monthly basis with the figures being of the previous week by Reserve Bank of India Known as the Republic of China Amount calculated on 24th September 2022 when 1 SAR 0 27 USD Amount calculated on 21th July 2022 when 1 EUR 1 02 USD Includes 261 499 million fine troy ounces of gold valued at a fixed price of 42 2222 per fine troy ounce The US releases data on a weekly basis Amount calculated on 8th Oct 2022 when 1 Euro 0 97 USD Reserves held by the UK Government and Bank of England Amount calculated on 23 July 2022 when 1 AED 0 27 USD It is almost non volatile for the last period of 1 yr and the value is not fluctuated on large scale Turkey releases both weekly and monthly data The Iranian government does not report the foreign exchange reserves as a matter of policy and all figures are estimates calculated by international or foreign institutes which are occasionally endorsed by Iranian officials without disclosing the exact numbers Not to be confused over Eurozone ECB is the common bank of European countries that have opted for Euro as their common currency but eurozone includes the total amount of foreign reserves held by the different European countries central bank and provides collective data of all European members Including gold reserves valued 1 878 67 per fine troy ounce calculated on 30 October 2020 Sweden releases both weekly and monthly data Amount calculated on 20 July 2022 when 1 Kuwaiti Dinar 3 25 USD Figure reported in NAf ANG and derived using currency peg of 1USD to 1 79ANG 86 Name in IMF data is West Bank and Gaza References Edit Official reserve assets Retrieved 12 January 2023 International Reserves Foreign Currency Liquidity Ministry of Finance Japan Retrieved 12 January 2023 Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets Swiss National Bank Retrieved 20 July 2022 International Reserves of the Russian Federation End of period Central Bank of Russia Retrieved 13 January 2023 Reserve Bank of India Weekly Statistical Supplement Reserve Bank of India Retrieved 13 January 2023 Foreign Exchange Reserves Central Bank of the Republic of China Taiwan Retrieved 6 December 2022 Reserve Assets Saudi Central Bank p 23 Retrieved 3 August 2022 International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity www hkma gov hk eng Hong Kong Monetary Authority Retrieved 22 July 2022 Press Releases www kostat go kr Statistics of Korea Retrieved 20 July 2022 BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL SDDS www bcb gov br Central Bank of Brazil Retrieved 21 July 2022 Official Foreign Reserves www mas gov sg Monetary Authority of Singapore Retrieved 10 July 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity PDF data imf org Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets www bundesbank de Deutsche Bundesbank Retrieved 21 July 2022 U S International Reserve Position United States Department of the Treasury Retrieved 20 July 2022 International reserves Bank of France Retrieved 21 July 2022 d Italia Banca Bank of Italy Official reserves www bancaditalia it Retrieved 21 July 2022 Italy Foreign exchange reserves billion currency units September 2022 data chart International Reserves Bank of Thailand Retrieved 21 July 2022 Reservas internacionales se ubican muy cerca de su nivel maximo historico GOB mx in Spanish Retrieved 21 July 2022 Foreign Exchange Reserves at the Bank of Israel Bank of Israel Retrieved 4 August 2022 Statistical releases Bank of England Retrieved 8 October 2022 Online Document Viewer Free GroupDocs Apps Narodowy Bank Polski Internet Information Service www nbp pl Retrieved 20 July 2022 CNB Czech National Bank Retrieved 21 July 2022 Monetary Indicators Bank of Indonesia Retrieved 30 October 2022 Monthly Official International Reserves Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates Retrieved 23 July 2022 International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity Bank Negara Malaysia 13 January 2023 Retrieved 20 January 2023 TCMB International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity www tcmb gov tr Retrieved 12 August 2022 Monthly Official International Reserves Department of Finance Canada Retrieved 23 July 2022 Iraq s central bank FX reserves rose to 96 bln prime minister says Reuters 19 December 2022 Retrieved 23 January 2023 Special Data Dissemination Standards Economic and Financial Data for the Philippines Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Retrieved 23 July 2022 a b c d e f g h i International Liquidity selected indicators International Monetary Fund Retrieved 27 July 2022 Spain International Reserves amp Foreign Liquidity PDF Retrieved 23 July 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k The World Factbook Reserves of foreign exchange and gold Central Intelligence Agency Archived from the original on 13 June 2007 European Central Bank European Central Bank 12 June 2017 Retrieved 16 October 2021 INTERNATIONAL RESERVES AND FOREIGN CURRENCY LIQUIDITY IMF COMPILATION www nationalbanken dk Retrieved 6 June 2021 Official Website International reserve Central Reserve bank of Peru Retrieved 25 July 2022 Net International reserve CRB Peru PDF Central Reserve bank of Peru p 16 Retrieved 25 July 2022 Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves Norges Bank Retrieved 25 July 2022 Official Website International reserve PDF Central bank of Libya Retrieved 25 July 2022 Press Releases International Reserves monthly series BNR National Bank of Romania www bnr ro Retrieved 11 January 2023 Romania International Reserve and Foreign Currency Liquidity monthly series US International Monetary Fund IMF Retrieved 20 February 2022 Official Reserve Assets Reserve Bank of Australia Retrieved 6 May 2022 Official reserve assets weekly report Sveriges Riksbank 9 March 2021 Retrieved 12 March 2021 Selected euro area statistics and national breakdowns European Central Bank 26 October 2020 Retrieved 6 June 2021 Central Bank of Kuwait Monthly www cbk gov kw Retrieved 20 July 2022 Monthly Monetary Bulletin Qatar Central Bank Retrieved 20 July 2022 Foreign reserves fall to 40 66 billion on Xmas week 22 December 2021 Retrieved 26 December 2021 Argentina paga vencimiento de capital de casi 1 900 millones de dolares al FMI in Spanish Retrieved 25 December 2021 CBE announces decrease of 3 91 bln in foreign reserves 7 December 2021 International Reserves Foreign Exchange Liquidity Hungarian National Bank International Reserves of the Republic of Uzbekistan Central Bank of Uzbekistan Retrieved 1 February 2022 Foreign Exchange Reserves Monthly by Bangladesh Bank Central Bank of Bangladesh Retrieved 23 December 2022 Croatia s c bank FX reserves up 28 y y at end Novt SeeNews Retrieved 26 December 2021 International reserves Official Statistics Summary Page Monetary Authority of Macao Retrieved 6 June 2021 Kingdom has 36 5 tonnes of gold and 19 5 billion in FX reserves says NBC KhmerTimes 23 July 2020 Retrieved 23 July 2021 Serbian c bank s FX reserves rise m m in November SeeNews Retrieved 14 December 2021 CBO 2021 FX Reserves Reach 18 Billion Retrieved 28 December 2021 Central Bank of Uruguay Retrieved 16 January 2021 Selected euro area statistics and national breakdowns 26 October 2020 Reservas internacionais liquidas fixam se em 98 mil milhoes usd no final de 2021 in Portuguese 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 a b c d Que pais de America Latina posee las mayores reservas internacionales ElDinero com in Spanish Retrieved 21 December 2021 Lebanon needs 12 15 bn to kickstart recovery central bank France24 Retrieved 16 December 2021 Ghana BoG Purchases 280 Kilogrammes of Gold to Shore Up Exchange Foreign Reserves Nepal Foreign Exchange Reserves Ceic Retrieved 18 August 2022 Bosnia c bank net FX reserves rise 19 7 y y in Oct via SeeNews Reservas internacionales suman 8 462 6 millones in Spanish Retrieved 25 December 2021 Ecuador alcanzo una cifra record en sus reservas internacionales in Spanish via Infobae Severnaya Koreya rasprodaet zolotoj zapas Retrieved 17 July 2018 Official External Reserves Central Bank of Ireland Retrieved 31 July 2022 Foreign Reserves Monthly Retrieved 25 August 2021 T amp T s net foreign reserves now stand at US 7 billion Trinidad Guardian Apetito institucional por dolares drena las reservas internacionales in Spanish Retrieved 12 December 2021 Tanzania Record Forex Reserves Spark Optimism a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Total reserves includes gold current US Data data worldbank org Retrieved 17 November 2019 Jose Guerra Nivel de reservas reales del Banco Central de Venezuela estan en situacion critica in Spanish 18 November 2021 Retrieved 19 November 2021 Albania s c bank FX reserves flattish y y in Oct table SeeNews Uganda s Foreign Exchange Reserve Rises to Shs15 Trillion Las reservas internacionales brutas de Nicaragua alcanzan 4 000 6 millones in Spanish las Reservas Internacionales 3 868 millones y Divisas 756 millones PDF in Spanish 4 January 2023 Retrieved 4 January 2023 Data PDF State Bank of Pakistan Retrieved 26 January 2023 fitchratings com N Macedonia s c bank FX reserves flat y y in Nov table SeeNews Weekly International Reserve Statement centralbank cw Retrieved 17 November 2019 Netherlands Antillian Guilder onada com Retrieved 17 November 2019 Malawi State of Forex Reserves Remains Sloppy 14 October 2021 Saudi reserves fastest fall in two decades 29 April 2020 Bradsher Keith 18 February 2016 China s Foreign Exchange Reserves Dwindling Rapidly The New York Times via NYTimes com Babones Salvatore China Is Sitting On 3 Trillion In Currency Reserves But Is That Enough Forbes Terada Shinichi 8 March 2008 Forex reserves pass 1 trillion milestone The Japan Times https www snb ch en mmr reference pre 20150115 source pre 20150115 en pdf bare URL PDF Revill John 30 November 2021 Analysis Swiss franc rises to six year high as central bank stands back Reuters Reuters Russian Reserves March Toward 600 Billion As Sanction Threats Loom Fitch Says www rferl org India s forex reserves crosses half trillion for the first time a b IMF Data Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves COFER International Monetary Fund 30 March 2018 data imf org Retrieved 22 August 2020 External links EditIMF s Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity Reporting Countries IMF s SDDS subscribers with links to their websites containing data on international reserves Central bank and monetary authority websites at the Bank for International Settlements website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of countries by foreign exchange reserves amp oldid 1135758294, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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