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Indore

April 21, 2023

This article is about the city in Madhya Pradesh, India. For other uses, see Indore (disambiguation).

Indore (/ɪnˈdɔːr/ (listen)) is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.[15] It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to encompass campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management.[16] Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level,[17] it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation)[9] and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration).[10] The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province.[18] Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022 sixth time in a row, conducted by MoHUA the world's largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey.

Indore
Metropolis
From top, left to right: Rajwada Palace, Daly College, Yeshwant Club , Holkar Stadium, Indore Airport, Indian Institute of Management Indore, IIT Indore, IT Crystal Park, Atal Bihari Regional Park, Patalpani waterfall, Khajrana Ganesh Temple
Nickname: 
Street Food Capital of India[1][2]
Indore
Location of Indore in Madhya Pradesh
Indore
Indore (India)
Coordinates: 22°43′0″N 75°50′50″E / 22.71667°N 75.84722°E / 22.71667; 75.84722Coordinates: 22°43′0″N 75°50′50″E / 22.71667°N 75.84722°E / 22.71667; 75.84722
Country India
State Madhya Pradesh
RegionMalwa
DistrictIndore
Ward84 wards[3]
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyIndore Municipal Corporation
 • MayorPushyamitra Bhargav[4] (BJP)
 • Municipal CommissionerPratibha Pal (IAS)[5]
 • Member of ParliamentShankar Lalwani
Area
[6][7][8]
 • Metropolis525 km2 (203 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,200 km2 (500 sq mi)
 • Rank7
Elevation
550 m (1,800 ft)
Population
 (2011)[9]
 • Metropolis1,994,397
 • Rank14th
 • Density3,800/km2 (9,800/sq mi)
 • Metro
[10][11]
2,170,295
 • Metro rank
15th
DemonymIndori
Time zoneUTC+5:30
PIN
4520XX
Telephone code0731
Vehicle registrationMP-09
Official languageHindi[12]
Effective literacy rate (2011)85.5%[9]
HDI (2016)0.755 (High)[13]
Sex ratioFemale 925
Male 1000[3]
ClimateCwa / Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation945 mm (37.2 in)
Avg. annual temperature24.0 °C (75.2 °F)
Avg. summer temperature41 °C (106 °F)
Avg. winter temperature17 °C (63 °F)
GDP Nominal (Indore District)₹64,813 crore (US$8.1 billion) (2020-21)[14]
Websiteimcindore.mp.gov.in, indore.nic.in

Modern-day Indore traces its roots to its 16th-century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi. The city and its surroundings came under Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa. During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India.[19] Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956.

Indore's financial district, based in central Indore, functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange.

Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.[20] It also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities.[21] Indore has been part of Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016.[22] It has been ranked as India's cleanest city six years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022.[23][24][25][26] Meanwhile, Indore has also been declared as India's first 'water plus' city under the Swachh Survekshan 2021. Indore became the only Indian city to be selected for International Clean Air Catalyst Programme. The project with cooperation of Indore Municipal Corporation and Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, will be operated for a period of five years to purify the air in the city.

Etymology

Gupta inscriptions name Indore as 'Indrapura'.[27] It is believed that the city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, where Indra is the presiding deity.[28] It is believed that Indra himself did Tapasya (meditation) in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish the temple. Later, Tukoji Rao Holkar who belonged to the Holkar clan of the Marathas and was the feudatory of Indore, renovated the temple.[29]

History

Gupta Empire (Gupta Era)

Gupta Empire inscription mentions Indore as city/town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 CE.[30] These are also some of the earliest mentions of Indore where the city is mentioned as 'Indrapura'.[31] Indrapura (modern day Indore) was then known for its sun temple, where in 464–65 CE, Gupta king Skandagupta had made an endowment for the permanent maintenance of the city's sun temple. The temple was constructed by two merchants of the city – Achalavarman and Bhṛikuṇṭhasiṁha.[27][32]

 
An early Gupta era inscription from ancient India. This is a photograph of a personal copy of plates published by John Fleet in 1888, with Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors, as a part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum series, Vol. 3

Holkar Era (Maratha Empire)

Main article: Holkar

During the Mughal era, the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations (sarkars) of Ujjain and Mandu. Kampel was the headquarters of a mahal (administrative unit) under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah (province). The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana (administrative unit).[33]

In 1715, the Marathas invaded this region (Mughal territory) and demanded chauth (tax) from the Mughal Amil (administrator) of Kampel. The Amil fled to Ujjain, and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas. The chief zamindar, Nandlal Chaudhary (later known as Nandlal Mandloi), paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. Jai Singh II, the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by Santaji Bhonsale, invaded Malwa again, but were unsuccessful this time.

By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new Peshwa Baji Rao I, launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Rao Pawar, Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia. The Mughal Nizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area. The Peshwa returned to the Deccan, but left Malhar Rao Holkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection.

The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held influence over the local Sardars (chiefs). In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively in the battle of Amjhera, and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October 1730, Malhar Rao Holkar was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa. The local zamindars, who had the title of Chaudhari, came to be known as Mandlois (after mandal, an administrative unit) during the Maratha reign. The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of Rao upon the local zamindar family.[34] After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by the Peshwa Baji Rao I. The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by merging 28 and one-half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name.[33] Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military center.

Princely State (Indore/Holkar State)

Main article: Indore State
See also: Dewas Junior, Dewas Senior, Dhar State, and Gwalior State
 
Ahilyabai Holkar 1996 stamp of India

Ahalyabai Holkar is fondly remembered as a noble, saintly and courageous woman. She ruled the kingdom of Indore (which was then part of the wider Maratha Empire) for several decades. Her rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore’s history. From an agricultural background herself, she married Khande Rao, prince of Indore. Thereafter, she resided in the Royal Palace. Later, she was trained in statecraft and accompanied the army to war on many occasions. At that time the Maratha Empire (which was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale) was at the apex of its power. There were frequent battles and skirmishes, both against foreigners as well as internal feuds. In one such battle in 1754, Ahalyabai’s husband was killed. Her aged father-in-law (Malhar Rao) was shattered at the death of his son. He summoned Ahalyabai, who he loved deeply, and said: "You are now my son. I wish that you look after my kingdom".Malhar Rao Holkar died in 1766, 12 years after the death of his son Khande Rao. Malhar Rao's grandson and Khande Rao's only son Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under Ahilya Bai's regency , but he too died within few months in April 1767. Ahilya Bai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao. Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. She is specially renowned for refurbishing and reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated and demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb including:

  • Kashi Vishwanath Temple
  • Ayodhya – Construction of Shri Rama Temple, Sarayu Ghat
  • Badrinath – Construction of Shri Kedareshwar Temple and Hari Temple, Dharamshalas (at Rangdachati, Bidarchati, Vyasaganga, Tunganath, Pawali), construction of many kundas (at Gaurkund, Kundachatri), a garden and a kunda of warm water at Devprayag, pastoral land for cows
  • Dwarka – Mohatajkhana, Pooja House and donation of some villages to the priests of the Dwarkadhish Temple
  • Kedarnath – Dharmashala and Kund)
  • Omkareshwar – Renovation of the temples of Mamaleshwar Mahadev, Amaleshwar and Trambakeshwar Temples, completing the construction of Gauri-Somnath temple, construction of a Dharmashala & pond, donation of a silver mask for adoration of the Shivalinga
  • Rameswaram – Construction of Hanumana Temple, Shri Radha Krishna Temple, a Dharmashala, Well & Garden and many more.

In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War, in the Battle of Mahidpur by which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British residents was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore has established the headquarters of the British Central Agency. Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements.[35]

In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, the fire brigade was established in 1909, and 1918, the first master-plan of the city was made by noted architect and town planner, Patrick Geddes. During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar.

The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars, Sardars, Istamuradars, Mankaris and Zamindars.[36][37]

Post-independence

After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with several neighboring princely states, acceded to the Indian Union. In 1948, with the formation of Madhya Bharat, Indore became the summer capital of the new state. On 1 November 1956, when Madhya Bharat was renamed/merged into Madhya Pradesh, the state capital was shifted to Bhopal. Indore, a city today of nearly 4.5 million (2018) residents, has been transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into the modern dynamic commercial capital of the state.

Climate

Indore lies on a borderline between a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) and a tropical savanna climate (Aw). Because of its high elevation and inland location even during the hottest months the nights are relatively cool, which is known as Shab-e-Malwa.[38] Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. The coldest temperature was 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) in January 1936.[39]

Indore gets moderate rainfall of 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) during June–September due to the southwest monsoon.

Climate data for Indore (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.9
(93.0) 		37.9
(100.2) 		41.1
(106.0) 		44.6
(112.3) 		46.0
(114.8) 		45.8
(114.4) 		39.9
(103.8) 		35.8
(96.4) 		37.4
(99.3) 		37.8
(100.0) 		37.1
(98.8) 		32.9
(91.2) 		46.0
(114.8)
Average high °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		34.7
(94.5) 		38.8
(101.8) 		40.5
(104.9) 		36.7
(98.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		28.7
(83.7) 		30.9
(87.6) 		32.7
(90.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		27.6
(81.7) 		32.3
(90.1)
Average low °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		16.7
(62.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.9
(64.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		11.1
(52.0) 		18.2
(64.8)
Record low °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		2.8
(37.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		7.8
(46.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.6
(65.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		6.2
(43.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		1.1
(34.0) 		2.8
(37.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 5.6
(0.22) 		2.3
(0.09) 		2.8
(0.11) 		3.0
(0.12) 		13.5
(0.53) 		137.6
(5.42) 		269.2
(10.60) 		272.7
(10.74) 		177.0
(6.97) 		43.4
(1.71) 		15.8
(0.62) 		4.4
(0.17) 		947.4
(37.30)
Average rainy days 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.3 6.3 12.0 12.9 7.4 2.7 1.0 0.2 45.4
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 34 25 16 14 20 44 70 78 65 40 35 36 40
Average dew point °C (°F) 8
(46) 		8
(46) 		7
(45) 		7
(45) 		13
(55) 		20
(68) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		14
(57) 		11
(52) 		10
(50) 		14
(57)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 289.0 275.6 287.6 305.9 326.9 208.6 104.1 79.9 180.6 270.8 274.0 281.3 2,884.3
Average ultraviolet index 5 7 8 9 9 7 6 6 7 6 6 5 7
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[40][41] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005–2015)[42]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1971–1990)[43] Weather Atlas[44]

Demographics

See also: List of cities in Madhya Pradesh

Indore is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh. It is also the largest metropolitan city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) was 1,994,397.[9][45] The population of the Indore metropolis (urban agglomeration that includes neighboring areas) was 2,170,295.[10] In 2011, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718 per square km), rendering it the most densely populated of all the municipalities with population over 100,000 in Madhya Pradesh. As per the 2011 census, 1,502,775 were literates, which translates to 75.4% of the total population, with an effective literacy rate (of population 7 years and above) 85.5%, with male literacy of 89.8% and female literacy was 81.2%.[9] The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations in 2011 were 309,229 and 54,075, respectively. The total number of households were 404711.[9]

Religion

Religion in Indore City (2011)[46]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 80.18%
Islam
 
 14.09%
Jainism
 
 3.25%
Sikhism
 
 1.09%
Christianity
 
 0.65%
Buddhism
 
 0.51%
Other or not stated
 
 0.24%

Majority of the population are Hindus (80.18%), followed by significant populations of Muslims (14.09%) and Jains (3.25%).[46]

Languages

Hindi is the official language of Indore city, and is spoken by a majority of the population. A number of Hindi dialects such as Malvi, Nimadi and Bundeli are spoken in decent numbers.

Other languages with substantial number of speakers include Urdu, Marathi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Punjabi and Bengali.[47][48][49][50]

According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in the city (out of a total 10,000 in the state).[51]

Government and politics

Civic administration

Main article: Indore Municipal Corporation

Indore has a city government, or municipality, with a mayor-council form of government. In 1870, the first municipality was constituted in Indore. and Bakshi Khajan Singh was appointed chairman.[52] Indore municipality became the first city to have an elected municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of the city.[52] In the year 1956, during the reorganization of states, Indore was included in Madhya Pradesh, and later that same year, was declared a municipal corporation.[52]

Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is spread over an area of 269 square km.[7][53] The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones had been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries.[54] In 2014, 29 villages were added into the fold of the municipality.[55] In 2015, 23 more villages were added. After these inclusions, the number of wards went up to 85, and zones 19.[7][56]

The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms. The municipal or local elections to Indore Municipal Corporation were last held in 2015.[57][58] The next elections were to be held early in 2020, but as per a report from February 2020, these have not happened, although preparation of voter rolls and ward reservation happened later in July.[59][60][61] The elected wing of the city government is headed by the Mayor and the incumbent Mayor is Pushya Mitra Bhargava. As per a report from the Free Press Journal, Indore was notified in 2018 for not having constituted ward committees.[62] The executive wing is headed by Pratibha Pal, the municipal commissioner of Indore, who is also the first female commissioner of the city.[63]

On 8 May 2020, the budget for of ₹ 4,763 crore for 2020–21 was approved for the civic body.[64] Major sources of revenue for the municipality include collection of property tax, water tax, rent.[65][66]

Indore municipality follows the guidelines as per the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act 1956, as well as the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961.[67] The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning, and welfare services.

Representation in Parliament and State Assembly

Indore city is represented in the parliament through the Indore Lok Sabha constituency, which covers most of the district.[68] In May 2019, Shankar Lalwani of Bharatiya Janata Party, who is also the chairman of the Indore Development Authority, had been elected as the Member of Parliament from Indore.[69][70] As per delimitation from 2008, Indore city is represented in the state assembly constituency through 5 Constituencies, election for which last took place in 2018:

Law and order

The Indore Police, a division of the Madhya Pradesh Police, is under the direct control of Department of Home Affairs. The government of Madhya Pradesh is the law enforcement agency in Indore. Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts.[77]

In 2012, it was reported that the Police Commissionerate system would be implemented in Indore, but this did not pan out because of tussle between the IAS and IPS officers in the state.[78] The bill was proposed again in 2018 and has been criticised by NewsClick.[79] The system has not been implemented as of 2020, although there has been talk of it.[80]

As of 4 September 2013, the Divisional commissioner is Dr Pawan Kumar Sharma.[81] In Feb 2020, the new Director General of Police became Vivek Johri while SSP Indore is Harinarayan Chari Mishra.[82][83]

Judiciary

Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior, the city, its agglomerates, and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court.

Other agencies

Main article: Indore Development Authority

Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398.72 km2 (153.95 sq mi). Primarily, IDA develops new residential areas. During the early stage of development of such areas, the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure. Once a sizeable number of plots are sold, the area is formally transferred to the IMC, which is then responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure in the area.[84]

The IDA consists of two appointed components; the collector of the district, who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh, Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board[85] who scrutinize the collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office, Bhopal.[86] The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore.[87]

Civic utilities

Electricity in Indore is supplied by the Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, the state's agency.[88][89]

Major source of water in Indore are Narmada river and overhead tanks.[90] In 2016, the central government sanctioned 70 crores under the AMRUT scheme to overhaul the water facilities.[90] Indore used to receive 350 MLD of water from Jalud pumping station on Narmada river; while in 2019 the quantity reduced by 100 MLD, as of 2020 it has regained its capacity.[91][92] The municipality supplies around 450 MLD water through piped connections to parts of the town on alternate days, other parts of the city have shortage of water.[93] The urban poor and unauthorized slum area face a massive shortage of water, and need to purchases private water in drums, or need to have to access private tubewells.[94][95] A joint study done by UN Habitat, IMC and WaterAid mapping poverty surveyed 176545 households (approximately 1/3rd of the households in the city), and found that 72% of the households did not have access to piped water supply.[96]

As of 2012, Indore generated nearly 240 MLD of sewage.[97] As per a report from August 2018, Indore achieved 100% treatment of the faecal matter generated in the city.[98] The city has 3 sewage treatment plants (STPs), which includes a Sequencing Batch Reactors with a capacity of 245 MLD, the largest in the world, as well as a 78 MLD and 12 MLD Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor at Kabitkhedi and a third with a capacity of 122 MLD.[98]

As of 2019, Indore generates over 1,115 metric tons (MT) of garbage a day, of which 650 MT is wet waste and 465 MT is dry waste.[98] The municipality has 100% door to door collection and segregation.[98] The city has a Centralized Processing Unit situated at Devguradia, Nemawar Road over an area of 146 acres. Waste collected at the garbage transfer stations in city is weighed, compressed and moved to this site for final processing.[98] Indore also set up a Plastic Collection Centre (PCC) to reuse and recycle the city's plastic waste and also installed a plastic cleansing machine known as a 'Phatka Machine'.[98]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Indore

Indore is a commercial center for goods and services. As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Madhya Pradesh), the GDP (nominal) of Indore District is estimated at Rs. 64,813 crores for the year 2020–21.[99] While its per-capita nominal GDP was recorded at INR 1,51,101 in 2020-21. The city also hosts a biennial global investors' summit, which attracts investors from several countries. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include: Pithampur (phases I, II and III alone host 1,500 large, medium and small industrial set-ups[100]), Indore Special Economic Zone (around 3,000 acres/ 4.7 square miles/ 1,214 hectares[101]), Sanwer industrial belt (1,000 acres/ 1.6 square miles/ 405 hectares[102]), Laxmibainagar Industrial Area, Rau Industrial Area, Bhagirathpura Industrial Area, Kali Billod Industrial Area, Ranmal Billod Industrial Area, Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area, Hatod Industrial Area.[102]

The city also has IT Parks, Crystal IT Park (550,000 square feet), Pardeshipura IT Park (100,000 square feet[103]), Electronic Complex, and Individual Special Economic Zones (SEZs) such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ, Diamond Park, Gems and Jewelry Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster.

 
Manufacturing of corrugated paper

Pithampur near Indore is known as the Detroit of Madhya Pradesh.[104][105]

Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) was set up in 1919. It is the only stock exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India. It is located in Indore. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) has established an Investor Service Center in the city.[106]

TCS has officially started an offshore development center in Indore with a total campus area of around 1.5 million square feet.[107] Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. Infosys is setting up a new development center at Indore at an investment of Rs. 1 billion in Phase I at Super Corridor.[108] Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres (53 hectares) to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. The government of MP has done the land allotment.[109] Impetus, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, USA, with multiple offshore offices in Indore, has started operations at its 25-acre land, procured from the SEZ.[110][111] Besides these, there are several small and medium-sized software development firms in Indore. Webgility, a San Francisco-based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007, opened a 16,000 square-foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017.[112] Accenture has also opened the office in Vijay Nagar area. Nagarro and Persistent Systems also had the presence in Indore.

Culture

Food

Indore's culinary culture has a blend of Maharashtrian, Malwi, Rajasthani and Gujarati influence. The street food of the city is especially popular. Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are Chappan Dukan and Sarafa Bazaar.[113]

As part of the Smart City project, the Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street. The cost of this project is ₹ 40 million and has been implemented in a 45-day period.[114]

Sarafa Bazaar, which is India's only night street-food market, attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places.[115]

Indore is also notable for its wide variety of namkeens or savory items and has many popular namkeen stores across the city. Most popular food items of Indore include poha, kachori, samosa, jalebi, gulab jamun, rabdi, gajak, imarti, bhel, pani puri, hot dog, egg banjo, moong bhajiya, moong daal halwa, dahi wada, sabudana khichdi, sabudana wada, dhokla, jeeravan, and sev.[115]

The city is debatably the most vegetarian city in India; nearly 49% of population is vegetarian at some level.[1] 28 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine[116]

Entertainment

 
Nicotine playing at 'Pedal to the Metal', TDS, Indore, in 2014

The Yeshwant Club (named after Late the Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore) and Sayaji Club/Hotel (named after Late the Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda) are big sponsors for art & music and invite talents from across the world. The major art centers in Indore are the Devlalikar Kala Vithika, Ravindra Natya Grah (RNG), Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, DAVV auditorium, and Brilliant Convention Centre.[117]

The city has a good rock/metal music culture which is growing. Nicotine, one of the city's earliest and most renowned bands, is widely known for being the pioneer of metal music in Central India.[118][119]

Transport

Air

Indore is served by Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, about 8 km from the city. It is the busiest airport in the state of Madhya Pradesh with 2,269,971 passengers and 10851 tons cargo for April 2017– March 2018. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore has been adjudged as the best airport in the under 2 million annual passenger footfall category in the Asia Pacific region in the Airports Council International (ACI)'s airport service quality (ASQ) rankings for the year 2017.[120]

Rail

 
The Indore Junction eastern entrance
 
The Indore Junction western entrance

The Indore Junction is an A-1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs. 500 million. The station comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways.

Electrification of the Indore–Dewas–Ujjain was completed in June 2012. Ratlam–Indore broad gauge conversion was completed in September 2014.[121] Indore–Mhow section was upgraded to broad gauge in 2016 and electrified in 2017.[122]

The city of Indore has eight railway stations in addition to the main Indore Junction:

Road

Indore is connected to other parts of India through National and State highways.

The National Highways passing through the city are:

The highways which have ceased to exist because of renumbering[123] are:

The state highways passing through the city are:

Public transport

Main article: Indore City Bus

Indore's City Bus transport system runs through 277 km (172 mi) of road with a daily ridership of over 140,000.[124] Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses designated as City Bus operate on 64 Routes[125] with a fleet of 361 buses, with 421 bus stops.[125] The buses are color-coded into three colors: Blue, Magenta and Orange according to their route.[126]

Indore BRTS (iBUS) – Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system with 53 air-conditioned[127] buses equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops.

Indore Magic (Auto Rickshaw) – Indore Auto Rickshaw is a magic service for small distance travel. Daily approx. 500,000 people travel within the city.

Indore Metro is a rapid transit system that is currently under construction in its first phase.[128]

Indore Cable Car was announced in January 2021 as another public transport for the city to decongest traffic. It will also be the first cable car in India to run on crowded streets.[129]

Education

 
A rare 1965 Saab 96 (Sunroof Model), at the Daly College (founded in 1870, one of the oldest boarding schools), in Indore, India.
 
HH Maharaja Sir Jayaji Rao Scindia of Gwalior State, General Sir Henry Daly (Founder of The Daly College), with British officers and Maratha nobility (Sardars, Jagirdars & Mankaris) in Indore, Holkar State, c. 1879.
Main article: Education in Indore
 
The Holkar Science College, established in 1891.

The Daly College, founded in 1870 by General Henry Daly, is one of the oldest co-educational boarding school in the world, which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian princely states of the 'Marathas' and Rajputs'.[130]

The Holkar Science College, officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891.[131]

Indore is the first city to have both IIT (Indian Institute of Technology Indore) and IIM (Indian Institute of Management Indore). Indore is home to a range of colleges and schools. Indore has a large student population and is a big educational center in central India, it also is the education hub of central India.[132] Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, quite a few numbers of schools are affiliated with ICSE board, NIOS board, CBSE board, and the state level M.P. Board as well.

Indian Institute of Technology Indore is one of the most prestigious institutions in the country. Started in 2009, IIT Indore has its 500-acre campus in Simrol (28  km from Indore City). IIT Indore has several disciplines including Civil Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, and Material Science.

IIT Indore ranked 15 under the engineering category in the National Institute Ranking Framework. IIT Indore's central library emphasizes the use of Online Information Resources. The library provides its users access to nearly 3800 electronic journals as well as access to databases such as ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Science Direct, MathSciNet, JSTOR, SciFinder, Taylor and Francis, WILEY, and Springer. The library also provides air-conditioned and Wi-Fi enabled reading halls.

Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology is a unit of Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, engaged in R&D in non-nuclear front-line research areas of lasers, particle accelerators and related technologies. The Centre is situated at the south-western end of the Indore, Madhya Pradesh.The RRCAT campus is spread over a 760 hectare on the outskirts of Indore city. The campus encompasses

 
National Science Day celebrated at RRCAT on 25 and 26 February 2017

laboratories, staff housing colony and other basic amenities like school, sports facilities, shopping complex, gardens etc.

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, also known as DAVV (formerly known as University of Indore or Indore Vishwavidyalaya), is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis. It has two campuses within the city, one at Takshila Parisar (near Bhavarkuan Square) and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road, Indore. The university runs several departments including Institute of Management Studies, School of Computer Science & Information Technology(SCSIT), (IMS), School of Law (SoL), Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV (IET), Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC), International Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS), School of Pharmacy, School of Energy & Environmental Studies – one of the primer schools for MTech (Energy Management), School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning, which runs two MTech Courses with specializations in Technology Management & Systems Science & Engineering, MBA (Business Forecasting), an MSc in Science & Technology Communication. The campus houses several other research and educational departments, hostels, playgrounds, and cafes.

The Indian Institute of Soybean Research (IISR) (ICAR, Government of India), Asia's largest soybean research center, is headquartered in Indore.[133] There are 16 laboratories in the facility for different disciplines, including genetic engineering, application of artificial intelligence in image analysis, big data analysis, food processing, agriculture machinery, nanotechnology, biotechnology, remote sensing, and application of IOT in agriculture.[134]

Situated in the heart of Malwa, Indore enjoys the status of an "educational and industrial Capital of Madhya Pradesh". To initiate and strengthen agricultural research and development in Malwa and Nimar regions, the Institute of Plant Industry came into existence in the year 1924. Later on, in the year 1959, the Government College of Agriculture, Indore was established with the merger of the erstwhile Institute of Plant Industry (IPI). It was a prestigious campus of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, since 1964. After bifurcation of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur in 2008 and Separate second Agricultural University is formed, that is, Rajmata Vijiyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior now College of Agriculture, Indore is coming under the juridicition of RVSKVV, Gwalior.[135]

The Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science (SGSITS), formerly Shri Govindram Seksaria Kala Bhavan, is a public engineering institution located in Indore. It was established in 1952 as a technical institute offering licentiate and diploma courses in engineering. New Delhi granted the status of an autonomous institution in 1989. In 2020, it became the first and only Madhya Pradesh government-funded engineering college in the state to have made its place among the top 250 in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking released by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.[136]

The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGMMC), established in 1878 as the King Edward Medical School, is one of the oldest and premiere government run medical colleges in India.[137] It is attached to tertiary teaching hospitals named Maharaja Yeshwantrao group of Hospitals established in 1955. Indore also has two other Privately run medical colleges which act as teritary care hospitals, they are SAIMS and Index Medical College and Hospital.

The College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Mhow is a constituent college of Nanaji deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur an autonomous Veterinary University in India, and is a pioneer college in the field of Veterinary Sciences in India. It is one of the oldest veterinary colleges in Madhya Pradesh and India was founded in 1955 the present building of the college was inaugurated by the first prime minister of India Pt.Jawahar Lal Nehru on 12 November 1959.

Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences (SAIMS) is a group of colleges located in Indore. It features Mohak Hitech Speciality Hospital within the campus.

VIBGYOR Group of Schools have a branch in Vijay Nagar.[138]

Health and medicine

Indore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a number of private hospitals. The healthcare facilities of Indore include Government run tertiary teaching hospital MY Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College Indore, private run hospitals include Bombay Hospital, SAIMS, Index Medical College & Hospital, Choithram Hospital, Shalby Hospital, CHL Hospital, Medanta, Apollo, Vasan, Centre for Sight[139] and Navchetna Rehabilitation and Deaddiction Center.[140]

The National Family Health Survey of 2018 found Indore to be India's most vegetarian city, with 49% of residents eschewing meat products.[141]

Media

Print media

There are about 20 Hindi dailies, 7 English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, four quarterlies, two bi-monthly magazines, one annual paper, and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named "Campus Diary" published from the city. India's only magazine on the pump industry, Pumps India, and valve magazine Valves India are published from here.[142]

Electronic media

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced.

Indore switched to complete digitalization of cable TV in 2013 under the second phase of digitalization by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Indore is covered by a network of optical fiber cables. Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000.

Wi-fi

There are various companies providing paid and free Wi-fi services across the city. Reliance's Jionet became operational in November 2013. It covers the whole city and is a 4.5G high-speed Wi-fi service which was initially free but become chargeable in 2016.[143][144] Indore is the second city in India to provide free Wi-fi across the city.[145] AICSTL provides a high-speed free Wi-fi service named 'Free As Air' across the Indore BRTS corridor. BSNL has also started free Wi-fi services in prominent locations.[146]

Sports

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city. Indore is also home to the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association (MPCA), Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association (MPTTA), and the city has one international cricket ground, the Holkar Cricket Stadium. The first ODI cricket match in the state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium in 1983.[147]

Besides cricket, Indore is also a center for many national and international championships. The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three-day-long National Triathlon Championship, in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action.[148]

Indore was included in holding two Guinness World Records for holding the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger in the world.[149]

Tourist attractions

Rajwada Palace

 
Rajwada palace

Rajwada Palace is a historical palace in Indore city. It was built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago. This seven-storied structure is located near the Chhatris.

Shiv Vilas Palace

Shiv Vilas Palace is a royal palace built during the reign of the Holkar dynasty. Also called the 'new palace', it was built after the Rajwada palace was damaged in an attack. It is on the right side of the Rajwada palace.

Kanch Mandir

Kanch Mandir, literally 'temple of glass', is a famous Jain temple in Indore, built by Sir Seth Hukumchand Jain. Its construction began sometime around 1903.

Khajrana Ganesh Mandir

Khajrana Ganesh Mandir is a pilgrimage center in Indore, dedicated to Lord Ganapati. The current temple was built during the reign of Holkar Dynasty. The main Idol of the temple was placed in a well to save it from the mughal ruler Aurangzeb. It was recovered by the Holkar ruler Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar. It is situated in the Khajrana area, a little distance away from Kalka Mata Temple.

Lalbagh Palace

 
Lalbagh Palace

Lalbagh Palace is one of the finest buildings built by the Holkar Dynasty between 1886 and 1921. The interior is beautified with striated Italian marble pillars, many chandeliers and classical columns, murals of Greek deities, a baroque-cum-rococo dining room, an English-library-style office with leather armchairs, a Renaissance sitting room, and a Palladian queen's bedroom which was the fashion among many of the late Raj-era Indian nobility, accompanied by a billiards room. There is imitation of the Buckingham Palace gates creak at the entrance along with 28-hectare ground, where, near to the palace, stands the statue of Queen Victoria.[150][151]

Manik Bagh

Manik Bagh palace was built in 1930 when Maharajah Yashwant Rao Holkar II commissioned the construction of the Manik Bagh ("Jewel Garden") palace. The architect was Eckart Muthesius (1904–1989) from Germany. The maharaja was at a young age at that time, as was Muthesius who was just a couple of years older. The work outside and inside was done in a late art deco and the international style of modern architecture.[152]

Yeshwant Club

 
The Yeshwant Club, established in 1934

The Yeshwant Club came into existence in 1934 at the behest of late the Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore. The club was established for their son, Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar. Spread over 14 acres it is a Maratha legacy of the Holkar rulers of Indore State. Initially, the club was opened for Maratha royalty, nobility, aristocracy, and the officers (Natives and British) of the Holkar State. Later its doors were opened for the business elites. Post-Indian Independence, the admission criteria were revised according to the changing times. Maharani Usha Devi, the daughter of late Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore is the Chief Patron of the club, the Honorary Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh being the President of the club.[153][154][155][156]

Sirpur Lake

 
Birds at Sirpur wetland

The Sirpur Lake is the most important bird-watching site in Malwa. It is a Ramsar site located on Dhar Road in Indore. It is known for more than 180 species of resident and migratory birds. It was restored to a viable bird habitat from a heavily encroached pool over four decades since 1980 by Padmashri Bhalu Mondhe and his NGO The Nature Volunteers, and was declared an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area in 2015-16.

It is one of the most important bird habitats in Malwa region. Another Ramsar site near Indore is Yashwant Sagar.

Pitra Parvat

 
Lord Hanuman Statue at Pitra Parvat

Pitra Parvat is known for the statue of Lord Hanuman situated there. The sculpture is made with 8 elements in golden color. It took 125 workers and 7 years to complete the statue of the deity Lord Hanuman. Also present there, is a temple that has the small statue of Lord Hanuman for the devotees to worship. Lord Hanuman is seen sitting in the lap of Mother Anjani in this temple.[157]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Indore

See also

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Further reading

External links

 
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April 21, 2023
indore, this, article, about, city, madhya, pradesh, india, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additiona. This article is about the city in Madhya Pradesh India For other uses see Indore disambiguation This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Indore news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed March 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Indore ɪ n ˈ d ɔːr listen is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh 15 It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to encompass campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management 16 Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau at an average altitude of 553 meters 1 814 ft above sea level 17 it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India The city is 190 km 120 mi west of the state capital of Bhopal Indore had a census estimated 2011 population of 1 994 397 municipal corporation 9 and 3 570 295 urban agglomeration 10 The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres 200 sq mi making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province 18 Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022 sixth time in a row conducted by MoHUA the world s largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey IndoreMetropolisFrom top left to right Rajwada Palace Daly College Yeshwant Club Holkar Stadium Indore Airport Indian Institute of Management Indore IIT Indore IT Crystal Park Atal Bihari Regional Park Patalpani waterfall Khajrana Ganesh TempleNickname Street Food Capital of India 1 2 IndoreLocation of Indore in Madhya PradeshShow map of Madhya PradeshIndoreIndore India Show map of IndiaCoordinates 22 43 0 N 75 50 50 E 22 71667 N 75 84722 E 22 71667 75 84722 Coordinates 22 43 0 N 75 50 50 E 22 71667 N 75 84722 E 22 71667 75 84722Country IndiaStateMadhya PradeshRegionMalwaDistrictIndoreWard84 wards 3 Government TypeMunicipal Corporation BodyIndore Municipal Corporation MayorPushyamitra Bhargav 4 BJP Municipal CommissionerPratibha Pal IAS 5 Member of ParliamentShankar LalwaniArea 6 7 8 Metropolis525 km2 203 sq mi Metro1 200 km2 500 sq mi Rank7Elevation550 m 1 800 ft Population 2011 9 Metropolis1 994 397 Rank14th Density3 800 km2 9 800 sq mi Metro 10 11 2 170 295 Metro rank15thDemonymIndoriTime zoneUTC 5 30PIN4520XXTelephone code0731Vehicle registrationMP 09Official languageHindi 12 Effective literacy rate 2011 85 5 9 HDI 2016 0 755 High 13 Sex ratioFemale 925Male 1000 3 ClimateCwa Aw Koppen Precipitation945 mm 37 2 in Avg annual temperature24 0 C 75 2 F Avg summer temperature41 C 106 F Avg winter temperature17 C 63 F GDP Nominal Indore District 64 813 crore US 8 1 billion 2020 21 14 Websiteimcindore wbr mp wbr gov wbr in indore wbr nic wbr inModern day Indore traces its roots to its 16th century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi The city and its surroundings came under Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa During the days of the British Raj Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute 21 locally princely state a rare high rank ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty until they acceded to the Union of India 19 Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956 Indore s financial district based in central Indore functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission 20 It also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities 21 Indore has been part of Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016 22 It has been ranked as India s cleanest city six years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 and 2022 23 24 25 26 Meanwhile Indore has also been declared as India s first water plus city under the Swachh Survekshan 2021 Indore became the only Indian city to be selected for International Clean Air Catalyst Programme The project with cooperation of Indore Municipal Corporation and Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board will be operated for a period of five years to purify the air in the city Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Gupta Empire Gupta Era 2 2 Holkar Era Maratha Empire 2 3 Princely State Indore Holkar State 2 4 Post independence 3 Climate 4 Demographics 4 1 Religion 4 2 Languages 5 Government and politics 5 1 Civic administration 5 2 Representation in Parliament and State Assembly 5 3 Law and order 5 4 Judiciary 5 5 Other agencies 6 Civic utilities 7 Economy 8 Culture 8 1 Food 8 2 Entertainment 9 Transport 9 1 Air 9 2 Rail 9 3 Road 9 4 Public transport 10 Education 11 Health and medicine 12 Media 12 1 Print media 12 2 Electronic media 12 3 Wi fi 13 Sports 14 Tourist attractions 15 Notable people 16 See also 17 References 18 Further reading 19 External linksEtymology EditGupta inscriptions name Indore as Indrapura 27 It is believed that the city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple where Indra is the presiding deity 28 It is believed that Indra himself did Tapasya meditation in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish the temple Later Tukoji Rao Holkar who belonged to the Holkar clan of the Marathas and was the feudatory of Indore renovated the temple 29 History EditGupta Empire Gupta Era Edit Gupta Empire inscription mentions Indore as city town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 CE 30 These are also some of the earliest mentions of Indore where the city is mentioned as Indrapura 31 Indrapura modern day Indore was then known for its sun temple where in 464 65 CE Gupta king Skandagupta had made an endowment for the permanent maintenance of the city s sun temple The temple was constructed by two merchants of the city Achalavarman and Bhṛikuṇṭhasiṁha 27 32 An early Gupta era inscription from ancient India This is a photograph of a personal copy of plates published by John Fleet in 1888 with Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors as a part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum series Vol 3 Holkar Era Maratha Empire Edit Main article Holkar During the Mughal era the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations sarkars of Ujjain and Mandu Kampel was the headquarters of a mahal administrative unit under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah province The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana administrative unit 33 In 1715 the Marathas invaded this region Mughal territory and demanded chauth tax from the Mughal Amil administrator of Kampel The Amil fled to Ujjain and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas The chief zamindar Nandlal Chaudhary later known as Nandlal Mandloi paid a chauth of around Rs 25 000 to the Marathas Jai Singh II the Mughal Governor of Malwa reached Kampel on 8 May 1715 and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village The Marathas came back in early 1716 and raided Kampel in 1717 In March 1718 the Marathas led by Santaji Bhonsale invaded Malwa again but were unsuccessful this time By 1720 the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city In 1724 the Marathas under the new Peshwa Baji Rao I launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa Baji Rao I himself led the campaign accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Rao Pawar Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia The Mughal Nizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724 and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area The Peshwa returned to the Deccan but left Malhar Rao Holkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary who held influence over the local Sardars chiefs In 1728 they defeated the Mughals decisively in the battle of Amjhera and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years On 3 October 1730 Malhar Rao Holkar was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa The local zamindars who had the title of Chaudhari came to be known as Mandlois after mandal an administrative unit during the Maratha reign The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas which controlled the region conferred the title of Rao upon the local zamindar family 34 After Nandlal died his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by the Peshwa Baji Rao I The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by merging 28 and one half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733 The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign After his death his daughter in law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766 The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name 33 Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state s capital to Maheshwar in 1767 but Indore remained an important commercial and military center Princely State Indore Holkar State Edit Main article Indore State See also Dewas Junior Dewas Senior Dhar State and Gwalior State Ahilyabai Holkar 1996 stamp of India Ahalyabai Holkar is fondly remembered as a noble saintly and courageous woman She ruled the kingdom of Indore which was then part of the wider Maratha Empire for several decades Her rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore s history From an agricultural background herself she married Khande Rao prince of Indore Thereafter she resided in the Royal Palace Later she was trained in statecraft and accompanied the army to war on many occasions At that time the Maratha Empire which was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale was at the apex of its power There were frequent battles and skirmishes both against foreigners as well as internal feuds In one such battle in 1754 Ahalyabai s husband was killed Her aged father in law Malhar Rao was shattered at the death of his son He summoned Ahalyabai who he loved deeply and said You are now my son I wish that you look after my kingdom Malhar Rao Holkar died in 1766 12 years after the death of his son Khande Rao Malhar Rao s grandson and Khande Rao s only son Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore in 1766 under Ahilya Bai s regency but he too died within few months in April 1767 Ahilya Bai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India She is specially renowned for refurbishing and reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated and demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb including Kashi Vishwanath Temple Ayodhya Construction of Shri Rama Temple Sarayu Ghat Badrinath Construction of Shri Kedareshwar Temple and Hari Temple Dharamshalas at Rangdachati Bidarchati Vyasaganga Tunganath Pawali construction of many kundas at Gaurkund Kundachatri a garden and a kunda of warm water at Devprayag pastoral land for cows Dwarka Mohatajkhana Pooja House and donation of some villages to the priests of the Dwarkadhish Temple Kedarnath Dharmashala and Kund Omkareshwar Renovation of the temples of Mamaleshwar Mahadev Amaleshwar and Trambakeshwar Temples completing the construction of Gauri Somnath temple construction of a Dharmashala amp pond donation of a silver mask for adoration of the Shivalinga Rameswaram Construction of Hanumana Temple Shri Radha Krishna Temple a Dharmashala Well amp Garden and many more In 1818 the Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo Maratha War in the Battle of Mahidpur by which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore A residency with British residents was established at Indore but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog During that time Indore has established the headquarters of the British Central Agency Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti British elements 35 In 1906 electric supply was started in the city the fire brigade was established in 1909 and 1918 the first master plan of the city was made by noted architect and town planner Patrick Geddes During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II 1852 86 efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore With the introduction of Railways in 1875 the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar Kashirao Dada Saheb Holkar KCSI Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India the elder brother of Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar II receiving public recognition by the Viceroy Lord Canning in open durbar on 14 January 1861 Tukoji Rao Holkar II Indore from a drawing by Mr W Carpenter Jun from the Illustrated London News 1857 Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar of Indore Tukoji Rao Holkar III The Maharaja of Indore 1890 1978 by James Lauder London Investiture of His Highness The Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar Bahadur of Indore 9 May 1930The Holkar State Darbar Court was composed of many Jagirdars Sardars Istamuradars Mankaris and Zamindars 36 37 Post independence Edit After India s independence in 1947 Holkar State along with several neighboring princely states acceded to the Indian Union In 1948 with the formation of Madhya Bharat Indore became the summer capital of the new state On 1 November 1956 when Madhya Bharat was renamed merged into Madhya Pradesh the state capital was shifted to Bhopal Indore a city today of nearly 4 5 million 2018 residents has been transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into the modern dynamic commercial capital of the state Climate EditIndore lies on a borderline between a humid subtropical climate Koppen climate classification Cwa and a tropical savanna climate Aw Because of its high elevation and inland location even during the hottest months the nights are relatively cool which is known as Shab e Malwa 38 Three distinct seasons are observed summer monsoon and winter The coldest temperature was 1 1 C 34 0 F in January 1936 39 Indore gets moderate rainfall of 700 to 800 millimetres 28 to 31 in during June September due to the southwest monsoon Climate data for Indore 1981 2010 extremes 1949 2012 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 33 9 93 0 37 9 100 2 41 1 106 0 44 6 112 3 46 0 114 8 45 8 114 4 39 9 103 8 35 8 96 4 37 4 99 3 37 8 100 0 37 1 98 8 32 9 91 2 46 0 114 8 Average high C F 26 8 80 2 29 5 85 1 34 7 94 5 38 8 101 8 40 5 104 9 36 7 98 1 30 6 87 1 28 7 83 7 30 9 87 6 32 7 90 9 30 3 86 5 27 6 81 7 32 3 90 1 Average low C F 10 3 50 5 12 1 53 8 16 7 62 1 21 1 70 0 24 6 76 3 24 5 76 1 22 8 73 0 22 1 71 8 21 1 70 0 17 9 64 2 14 2 57 6 11 1 52 0 18 2 64 8 Record low C F 1 1 34 0 2 8 37 0 5 0 41 0 7 8 46 0 16 7 62 1 18 9 66 0 18 9 66 0 18 6 65 5 9 0 48 2 6 2 43 2 5 6 42 1 1 1 34 0 2 8 37 0 Average rainfall mm inches 5 6 0 22 2 3 0 09 2 8 0 11 3 0 0 12 13 5 0 53 137 6 5 42 269 2 10 60 272 7 10 74 177 0 6 97 43 4 1 71 15 8 0 62 4 4 0 17 947 4 37 30 Average rainy days 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 3 1 3 6 3 12 0 12 9 7 4 2 7 1 0 0 2 45 4Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 34 25 16 14 20 44 70 78 65 40 35 36 40Average dew point C F 8 46 8 46 7 45 7 45 13 55 20 68 22 72 22 72 21 70 14 57 11 52 10 50 14 57 Mean monthly sunshine hours 289 0 275 6 287 6 305 9 326 9 208 6 104 1 79 9 180 6 270 8 274 0 281 3 2 884 3Average ultraviolet index 5 7 8 9 9 7 6 6 7 6 6 5 7Source 1 India Meteorological Department 40 41 Time and Date dewpoints 2005 2015 42 Source 2 NOAA sun 1971 1990 43 Weather Atlas 44 Demographics EditSee also List of cities in Madhya Pradesh Indore is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh It is also the largest metropolitan city in Central India According to the 2011 census of India the population of Indore city the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths was 1 994 397 9 45 The population of the Indore metropolis urban agglomeration that includes neighboring areas was 2 170 295 10 In 2011 the city had a population density of 25 170 people per square mile 9 718 per square km rendering it the most densely populated of all the municipalities with population over 100 000 in Madhya Pradesh As per the 2011 census 1 502 775 were literates which translates to 75 4 of the total population with an effective literacy rate of population 7 years and above 85 5 with male literacy of 89 8 and female literacy was 81 2 9 The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations in 2011 were 309 229 and 54 075 respectively The total number of households were 404711 9 Religion Edit Religion in Indore City 2011 46 Religion PercentHinduism 80 18 Islam 14 09 Jainism 3 25 Sikhism 1 09 Christianity 0 65 Buddhism 0 51 Other or not stated 0 24 Majority of the population are Hindus 80 18 followed by significant populations of Muslims 14 09 and Jains 3 25 46 Languages Edit Hindi is the official language of Indore city and is spoken by a majority of the population A number of Hindi dialects such as Malvi Nimadi and Bundeli are spoken in decent numbers Other languages with substantial number of speakers include Urdu Marathi Sindhi Gujarati Punjabi and Bengali 47 48 49 50 According to 2012 figures around 6 000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in the city out of a total 10 000 in the state 51 Government and politics EditCivic administration Edit Main article Indore Municipal Corporation Indore has a city government or municipality with a mayor council form of government In 1870 the first municipality was constituted in Indore and Bakshi Khajan Singh was appointed chairman 52 Indore municipality became the first city to have an elected municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of the city 52 In the year 1956 during the reorganization of states Indore was included in Madhya Pradesh and later that same year was declared a municipal corporation 52 Indore Municipal Corporation IMC is spread over an area of 269 square km 7 53 The Indore Municipal Corporation IMC is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones had been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries 54 In 2014 29 villages were added into the fold of the municipality 55 In 2015 23 more villages were added After these inclusions the number of wards went up to 85 and zones 19 7 56 The mayor and councillors are elected to five year terms The municipal or local elections to Indore Municipal Corporation were last held in 2015 57 58 The next elections were to be held early in 2020 but as per a report from February 2020 these have not happened although preparation of voter rolls and ward reservation happened later in July 59 60 61 The elected wing of the city government is headed by the Mayor and the incumbent Mayor is Pushya Mitra Bhargava As per a report from the Free Press Journal Indore was notified in 2018 for not having constituted ward committees 62 The executive wing is headed by Pratibha Pal the municipal commissioner of Indore who is also the first female commissioner of the city 63 On 8 May 2020 the budget for of 4 763 crore for 2020 21 was approved for the civic body 64 Major sources of revenue for the municipality include collection of property tax water tax rent 65 66 Indore municipality follows the guidelines as per the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act 1956 as well as the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act 1961 67 The IMC is responsible for public education correctional institutions libraries public safety recreational facilities sanitation water supply local planning and welfare services Representation in Parliament and State Assembly Edit Indore city is represented in the parliament through the Indore Lok Sabha constituency which covers most of the district 68 In May 2019 Shankar Lalwani of Bharatiya Janata Party who is also the chairman of the Indore Development Authority had been elected as the Member of Parliament from Indore 69 70 As per delimitation from 2008 Indore city is represented in the state assembly constituency through 5 Constituencies election for which last took place in 2018 Constituency 71 Member of Legislative Assembly Political PartyIndore 1 Sanjay Shukla Indian National Congress 72 Indore 2 Ramesh Mendola Bhartiya Janata Party 73 Indore 3 Akash Vijayvargiya Bhartiya Janata Party 74 Indore 4 Malini Gaur Bhartiya Janata Party 75 Indore 5 Mahendra Hardia Bhartiya Janata Party 76 Law and order Edit The Indore Police a division of the Madhya Pradesh Police is under the direct control of Department of Home Affairs The government of Madhya Pradesh is the law enforcement agency in Indore Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts 77 In 2012 it was reported that the Police Commissionerate system would be implemented in Indore but this did not pan out because of tussle between the IAS and IPS officers in the state 78 The bill was proposed again in 2018 and has been criticised by NewsClick 79 The system has not been implemented as of 2020 although there has been talk of it 80 As of 4 September 2013 the Divisional commissioner is Dr Pawan Kumar Sharma 81 In Feb 2020 the new Director General of Police became Vivek Johri while SSP Indore is Harinarayan Chari Mishra 82 83 Judiciary Edit Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior the city its agglomerates and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court Other agencies Edit Main article Indore Development Authority Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority IDA IDA works as an apex body for planning and co ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region IMR comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398 72 km2 153 95 sq mi Primarily IDA develops new residential areas During the early stage of development of such areas the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure Once a sizeable number of plots are sold the area is formally transferred to the IMC which is then responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure in the area 84 The IDA consists of two appointed components the collector of the district who has executive powers and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department Forest Department Public Health Engineering Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board 85 who scrutinize the collector s decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office Bhopal 86 The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road Indore 87 Civic utilities EditElectricity in Indore is supplied by the Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited the state s agency 88 89 Major source of water in Indore are Narmada river and overhead tanks 90 In 2016 the central government sanctioned 70 crores under the AMRUT scheme to overhaul the water facilities 90 Indore used to receive 350 MLD of water from Jalud pumping station on Narmada river while in 2019 the quantity reduced by 100 MLD as of 2020 it has regained its capacity 91 92 The municipality supplies around 450 MLD water through piped connections to parts of the town on alternate days other parts of the city have shortage of water 93 The urban poor and unauthorized slum area face a massive shortage of water and need to purchases private water in drums or need to have to access private tubewells 94 95 A joint study done by UN Habitat IMC and WaterAid mapping poverty surveyed 176545 households approximately 1 3rd of the households in the city and found that 72 of the households did not have access to piped water supply 96 As of 2012 Indore generated nearly 240 MLD of sewage 97 As per a report from August 2018 Indore achieved 100 treatment of the faecal matter generated in the city 98 The city has 3 sewage treatment plants STPs which includes a Sequencing Batch Reactors with a capacity of 245 MLD the largest in the world as well as a 78 MLD and 12 MLD Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor at Kabitkhedi and a third with a capacity of 122 MLD 98 As of 2019 Indore generates over 1 115 metric tons MT of garbage a day of which 650 MT is wet waste and 465 MT is dry waste 98 The municipality has 100 door to door collection and segregation 98 The city has a Centralized Processing Unit situated at Devguradia Nemawar Road over an area of 146 acres Waste collected at the garbage transfer stations in city is weighed compressed and moved to this site for final processing 98 Indore also set up a Plastic Collection Centre PCC to reuse and recycle the city s plastic waste and also installed a plastic cleansing machine known as a Phatka Machine 98 Economy EditMain article Economy of Indore Indore is a commercial center for goods and services As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics Madhya Pradesh the GDP nominal of Indore District is estimated at Rs 64 813 crores for the year 2020 21 99 While its per capita nominal GDP was recorded at INR 1 51 101 in 2020 21 The city also hosts a biennial global investors summit which attracts investors from several countries Major industrial areas surrounding the city include Pithampur phases I II and III alone host 1 500 large medium and small industrial set ups 100 Indore Special Economic Zone around 3 000 acres 4 7 square miles 1 214 hectares 101 Sanwer industrial belt 1 000 acres 1 6 square miles 405 hectares 102 Laxmibainagar Industrial Area Rau Industrial Area Bhagirathpura Industrial Area Kali Billod Industrial Area Ranmal Billod Industrial Area Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area Hatod Industrial Area 102 The city also has IT Parks Crystal IT Park 550 000 square feet Pardeshipura IT Park 100 000 square feet 103 Electronic Complex and Individual Special Economic Zones SEZs such as TCS SEZ Infosys SEZ Impetus SEZ Diamond Park Gems and Jewelry Park Food Park Apparel Park Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster Manufacturing of corrugated paperPithampur near Indore is known as the Detroit of Madhya Pradesh 104 105 Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange MPSE was set up in 1919 It is the only stock exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India It is located in Indore The National Stock Exchange NSE has established an Investor Service Center in the city 106 TCS has officially started an offshore development center in Indore with a total campus area of around 1 5 million square feet 107 Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore Infosys is setting up a new development center at Indore at an investment of Rs 1 billion in Phase I at Super Corridor 108 Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres 53 hectares to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13 000 people The government of MP has done the land allotment 109 Impetus headquartered in Los Gatos California USA with multiple offshore offices in Indore has started operations at its 25 acre land procured from the SEZ 110 111 Besides these there are several small and medium sized software development firms in Indore Webgility a San Francisco based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007 opened a 16 000 square foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017 112 Accenture has also opened the office in Vijay Nagar area Nagarro and Persistent Systems also had the presence in Indore Culture EditFood Edit Indore s culinary culture has a blend of Maharashtrian Malwi Rajasthani and Gujarati influence The street food of the city is especially popular Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are Chappan Dukan and Sarafa Bazaar 113 As part of the Smart City project the Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street The cost of this project is 40 million and has been implemented in a 45 day period 114 Sarafa Bazaar which is India s only night street food market attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places 115 Indore is also notable for its wide variety of namkeens or savory items and has many popular namkeen stores across the city Most popular food items of Indore include poha kachori samosa jalebi gulab jamun rabdi gajak imarti bhel pani puri hot dog egg banjo moong bhajiya moong daal halwa dahi wada sabudana khichdi sabudana wada dhokla jeeravan and sev 115 The city is debatably the most vegetarian city in India nearly 49 of population is vegetarian at some level 1 Archived 28 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine 116 Entertainment Edit Nicotine playing at Pedal to the Metal TDS Indore in 2014 The Yeshwant Club named after Late the Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore and Sayaji Club Hotel named after Late the Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda are big sponsors for art amp music and invite talents from across the world The major art centers in Indore are the Devlalikar Kala Vithika Ravindra Natya Grah RNG Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah DAVV auditorium and Brilliant Convention Centre 117 The city has a good rock metal music culture which is growing Nicotine one of the city s earliest and most renowned bands is widely known for being the pioneer of metal music in Central India 118 119 Transport EditAir Edit Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport Indore is served by Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport about 8 km from the city It is the busiest airport in the state of Madhya Pradesh with 2 269 971 passengers and 10851 tons cargo for April 2017 March 2018 Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport Indore has been adjudged as the best airport in the under 2 million annual passenger footfall category in the Asia Pacific region in the Airports Council International ACI s airport service quality ASQ rankings for the year 2017 120 Rail Edit The Indore Junction eastern entrance The Indore Junction western entrance The Indore Junction is an A 1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs 500 million The station comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways Electrification of the Indore Dewas Ujjain was completed in June 2012 Ratlam Indore broad gauge conversion was completed in September 2014 121 Indore Mhow section was upgraded to broad gauge in 2016 and electrified in 2017 122 The city of Indore has eight railway stations in addition to the main Indore Junction Station name Station code Railway zone Total platformsLakshmibai Nagar LMNR Western Railway 3Saify Nagar SFNR Western Railway 1Lokmanya Nagar LMNR Western Railway 1Rajendra Nagar RJNR Western Railway 2Manglia Gaon MGG Western Railway 3Rau RAU Western Railway 2Haranya Kheri HKH Western Railway 2Dr Ambedkar Nagar MHOW Western Railway 3Patalpani MGG Western Railway 3Road Edit Indore is connected to other parts of India through National and State highways The National Highways passing through the city are National Highway 52 NH 52 contains parts of the erstwhile NH3 AB Rd stands for Agra Bombay Road and it originates at Sangrur Punjab and runs through Jaipur Rajasthan Indore Dhule and terminates at Ankola in Karnataka National Highway 47 starts from Bamanbore Gujarat and reaches Indore via Ahmedabad and further connects Betul to terminate at Nagpur The highways which have ceased to exist because of renumbering 123 are National Highway 3 also known as the Agra Bombay Road or AB Road was an important highway connecting Agra to Mumbai via Indore amp Dhule National Highway 59 amp its branch NH 59A NH 59 originated at Ahmedabad and passed through Godhra Indore Raipur Brahmapur Odisha and terminated at Gopalpur on Sea while NH 59A connected Indore amp Betul The state highways passing through the city are MP State Highway 27 runs from Jhalawar in Rajasthan through Ujjain Indore Barwaha Burhanpur in Madhya Pradesh and terminates at Malkapur Buldhana in Maharashtra MP State Highway 31 Neemuch Ratlam Dhar Public transport Edit Main article Indore City Bus Indore s City Bus transport system runs through 277 km 172 mi of road with a daily ridership of over 140 000 124 Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city The buses designated as City Bus operate on 64 Routes 125 with a fleet of 361 buses with 421 bus stops 125 The buses are color coded into three colors Blue Magenta and Orange according to their route 126 Indore BRTS iBUS Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system with 53 air conditioned 127 buses equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops Indore Magic Auto Rickshaw Indore Auto Rickshaw is a magic service for small distance travel Daily approx 500 000 people travel within the city Indore Metro is a rapid transit system that is currently under construction in its first phase 128 Indore Cable Car was announced in January 2021 as another public transport for the city to decongest traffic It will also be the first cable car in India to run on crowded streets 129 Education Edit A rare 1965 Saab 96 Sunroof Model at the Daly College founded in 1870 one of the oldest boarding schools in Indore India HH Maharaja Sir Jayaji Rao Scindia of Gwalior State General Sir Henry Daly Founder of The Daly College with British officers and Maratha nobility Sardars Jagirdars amp Mankaris in Indore Holkar State c 1879 Main article Education in Indore The Holkar Science College established in 1891 The Daly College founded in 1870 by General Henry Daly is one of the oldest co educational boarding school in the world which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian princely states of the Marathas and Rajputs 130 The Holkar Science College officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891 131 Indore is the first city to have both IIT Indian Institute of Technology Indore and IIM Indian Institute of Management Indore Indore is home to a range of colleges and schools Indore has a large student population and is a big educational center in central India it also is the education hub of central India 132 Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education CBSE however quite a few numbers of schools are affiliated with ICSE board NIOS board CBSE board and the state level M P Board as well Indian Institute of Technology Indore is one of the most prestigious institutions in the country Started in 2009 IIT Indore has its 500 acre campus in Simrol 28 km from Indore City IIT Indore has several disciplines including Civil Engineering Computer Science Engineering Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy and Material Science IIT Indore ranked 15 under the engineering category in the National Institute Ranking Framework IIT Indore s central library emphasizes the use of Online Information Resources The library provides its users access to nearly 3800 electronic journals as well as access to databases such as ACM Digital Library IEEE Xplore Digital Library Science Direct MathSciNet JSTOR SciFinder Taylor and Francis WILEY and Springer The library also provides air conditioned and Wi Fi enabled reading halls Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology is a unit of Department of Atomic Energy Government of India engaged in R amp D in non nuclear front line research areas of lasers particle accelerators and related technologies The Centre is situated at the south western end of the Indore Madhya Pradesh The RRCAT campus is spread over a 760 hectare on the outskirts of Indore city The campus encompasses National Science Day celebrated at RRCAT on 25 and 26 February 2017 laboratories staff housing colony and other basic amenities like school sports facilities shopping complex gardens etc Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya also known as DAVV formerly known as University of Indore or Indore Vishwavidyalaya is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis It has two campuses within the city one at Takshila Parisar near Bhavarkuan Square and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road Indore The university runs several departments including Institute of Management Studies School of Computer Science amp Information Technology SCSIT IMS School of Law SoL Institute of Engineering and Technology DAVV IET Educational Multimedia Research Centre EMRC International Institute of Professional Studies IIPS School of Pharmacy School of Energy amp Environmental Studies one of the primer schools for MTech Energy Management School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning which runs two MTech Courses with specializations in Technology Management amp Systems Science amp Engineering MBA Business Forecasting an MSc in Science amp Technology Communication The campus houses several other research and educational departments hostels playgrounds and cafes The Indian Institute of Soybean Research IISR ICAR Government of India Asia s largest soybean research center is headquartered in Indore 133 There are 16 laboratories in the facility for different disciplines including genetic engineering application of artificial intelligence in image analysis big data analysis food processing agriculture machinery nanotechnology biotechnology remote sensing and application of IOT in agriculture 134 Situated in the heart of Malwa Indore enjoys the status of an educational and industrial Capital of Madhya Pradesh To initiate and strengthen agricultural research and development in Malwa and Nimar regions the Institute of Plant Industry came into existence in the year 1924 Later on in the year 1959 the Government College of Agriculture Indore was established with the merger of the erstwhile Institute of Plant Industry IPI It was a prestigious campus of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur since 1964 After bifurcation of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Jabalpur in 2008 and Separate second Agricultural University is formed that is Rajmata Vijiyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Gwalior now College of Agriculture Indore is coming under the juridicition of RVSKVV Gwalior 135 The Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science SGSITS formerly Shri Govindram Seksaria Kala Bhavan is a public engineering institution located in Indore It was established in 1952 as a technical institute offering licentiate and diploma courses in engineering New Delhi granted the status of an autonomous institution in 1989 In 2020 it became the first and only Madhya Pradesh government funded engineering college in the state to have made its place among the top 250 in the National Institutional Ranking Framework NIRF ranking released by Ministry of Human Resource Development Government of India 136 The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College MGMMC established in 1878 as the King Edward Medical School is one of the oldest and premiere government run medical colleges in India 137 It is attached to tertiary teaching hospitals named Maharaja Yeshwantrao group of Hospitals established in 1955 Indore also has two other Privately run medical colleges which act as teritary care hospitals they are SAIMS and Index Medical College and Hospital The College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Mhow is a constituent college of Nanaji deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur an autonomous Veterinary University in India and is a pioneer college in the field of Veterinary Sciences in India It is one of the oldest veterinary colleges in Madhya Pradesh and India was founded in 1955 the present building of the college was inaugurated by the first prime minister of India Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru on 12 November 1959 Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences SAIMS is a group of colleges located in Indore It features Mohak Hitech Speciality Hospital within the campus VIBGYOR Group of Schools have a branch in Vijay Nagar 138 Health and medicine EditIndore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a number of private hospitals The healthcare facilities of Indore include Government run tertiary teaching hospital MY Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College Indore private run hospitals include Bombay Hospital SAIMS Index Medical College amp Hospital Choithram Hospital Shalby Hospital CHL Hospital Medanta Apollo Vasan Centre for Sight 139 and Navchetna Rehabilitation and Deaddiction Center 140 The National Family Health Survey of 2018 found Indore to be India s most vegetarian city with 49 of residents eschewing meat products 141 Media EditPrint media Edit There are about 20 Hindi dailies 7 English dailies 26 weeklies and monthlies four quarterlies two bi monthly magazines one annual paper and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named Campus Diary published from the city India s only magazine on the pump industry Pumps India and valve magazine Valves India are published from here 142 Electronic media Edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government owned FM channels being introduced Indore switched to complete digitalization of cable TV in 2013 under the second phase of digitalization by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Indore is covered by a network of optical fiber cables Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000 Wi fi Edit There are various companies providing paid and free Wi fi services across the city Reliance s Jionet became operational in November 2013 It covers the whole city and is a 4 5G high speed Wi fi service which was initially free but become chargeable in 2016 143 144 Indore is the second city in India to provide free Wi fi across the city 145 AICSTL provides a high speed free Wi fi service named Free As Air across the Indore BRTS corridor BSNL has also started free Wi fi services in prominent locations 146 Sports Edit Holkar Cricket Stadium Indore Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city Indore is also home to the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association MPCA Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association MPTTA and the city has one international cricket ground the Holkar Cricket Stadium The first ODI cricket match in the state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium in 1983 147 Besides cricket Indore is also a center for many national and international championships The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three day long National Triathlon Championship in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action 148 Indore was included in holding two Guinness World Records for holding the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger in the world 149 Tourist attractions EditRajwada Palace Rajwada palace Rajwada Palace is a historical palace in Indore city It was built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago This seven storied structure is located near the Chhatris Shiv Vilas PalaceShiv Vilas Palace is a royal palace built during the reign of the Holkar dynasty Also called the new palace it was built after the Rajwada palace was damaged in an attack It is on the right side of the Rajwada palace Kanch MandirKanch Mandir literally temple of glass is a famous Jain temple in Indore built by Sir Seth Hukumchand Jain Its construction began sometime around 1903 Khajrana Ganesh MandirKhajrana Ganesh Mandir is a pilgrimage center in Indore dedicated to Lord Ganapati The current temple was built during the reign of Holkar Dynasty The main Idol of the temple was placed in a well to save it from the mughal ruler Aurangzeb It was recovered by the Holkar ruler Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar It is situated in the Khajrana area a little distance away from Kalka Mata Temple Lalbagh Palace Lalbagh Palace Lalbagh Palace is one of the finest buildings built by the Holkar Dynasty between 1886 and 1921 The interior is beautified with striated Italian marble pillars many chandeliers and classical columns murals of Greek deities a baroque cum rococo dining room an English library style office with leather armchairs a Renaissance sitting room and a Palladian queen s bedroom which was the fashion among many of the late Raj era Indian nobility accompanied by a billiards room There is imitation of the Buckingham Palace gates creak at the entrance along with 28 hectare ground where near to the palace stands the statue of Queen Victoria 150 151 Manik BaghManik Bagh palace was built in 1930 when Maharajah Yashwant Rao Holkar II commissioned the construction of the Manik Bagh Jewel Garden palace The architect was Eckart Muthesius 1904 1989 from Germany The maharaja was at a young age at that time as was Muthesius who was just a couple of years older The work outside and inside was done in a late art deco and the international style of modern architecture 152 Yeshwant Club The Yeshwant Club established in 1934 The Yeshwant Club came into existence in 1934 at the behest of late the Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore The club was established for their son Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar Spread over 14 acres it is a Maratha legacy of the Holkar rulers of Indore State Initially the club was opened for Maratha royalty nobility aristocracy and the officers Natives and British of the Holkar State Later its doors were opened for the business elites Post Indian Independence the admission criteria were revised according to the changing times Maharani Usha Devi the daughter of late Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore is the Chief Patron of the club the Honorary Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh being the President of the club 153 154 155 156 Sirpur Lake Birds at Sirpur wetland The Sirpur Lake is the most important bird watching site in Malwa It is a Ramsar site located on Dhar Road in Indore It is known for more than 180 species of resident and migratory birds It was restored to a viable bird habitat from a heavily encroached pool over four decades since 1980 by Padmashri Bhalu Mondhe and his NGO The Nature Volunteers and was declared an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area in 2015 16 It is one of the most important bird habitats in Malwa region Another Ramsar site near Indore is Yashwant Sagar Pitra Parvat Lord Hanuman Statue at Pitra Parvat Pitra Parvat is known for the statue of Lord Hanuman situated there The sculpture is made with 8 elements in golden color It took 125 workers and 7 years to complete the statue of the deity Lord Hanuman Also present there is a temple that has the small statue of Lord Hanuman for the devotees to worship Lord Hanuman is seen sitting in the lap of Mother Anjani in this temple 157 Notable 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from the original on 7 November 2016 Retrieved 25 November 2016 Gite Veidehi 30 June 2022 Four Holkar architectural gems to explore in Indore Deccan Herald Retrieved 17 July 2022 Further reading EditHunter Cotton Burn Meyer The Imperial Gazetteer of India 2006 Oxford Clarendon Press 1909 Plunkett Richard Central India Lonely Planet 2001 ISBN 1 86450 161 8 Cotton James Sutherland 1911 Indore Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 14 11th ed pp 400 401 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indore City portal at Govt of India info website Indore travel guide from Wikivoyage Indore at Curlie Portals India Asia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indore amp oldid 1150083759, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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