Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements.[1] Waste sorting can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside collection schemes, or automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological treatment systems. Hand sorting was the first method used in the history of waste sorting.[2] Until now this method is still used.[citation needed]
"Waste segregation" means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products, metals and glass. Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness. Waste segregation is different from waste sorting. Waste segregation is the grouping of waste into different categories. Each waste goes into its category at the point of dumping or collection, but sorting happens after dumping or collection. Segregation of waste ensures pure, quality material. Sorting on the other hand will end up producing impure materials with less quality.
Waste is collected at its source in each area and separated. The way that waste is sorted must reflect local disposal systems. The following categories are common:[3]
Organic waste can also be segregated for disposal:
Leftover food which has had any contact with meat can be collected separately to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Meat and bone can be retrieved by bodies responsible for animal waste.
If other leftovers are sent, for example, to local farmers, they can be sterilised before being fed to the animals.
Peels and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with other degradable matter. Other waste can be included for composting, such as cut flowers, corks, coffee grounds, rotting fruit, tea bags, eggshells and nutshells, and paper towels.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2022)
Automation of municipal solid waste sorting process is an active research area.[4] Notable mechanisms for automated sorting include:
Standardization of products, especially of packaging[5][6][additional citation(s) needed] which are often composed of different materials, in particular materials hard or currently impossible to either separate or recycle together in an automated way.[7]
Laws related to recyclability, waste management, domestic materials recovery facilities, product composition, biodegradability and prevention of import/export of specific wastes.
Since around 2017, China,[8] Turkey,[9] Malaysia,[10] Cambodia,[11] and Thailand[12] have banned certain waste imports. It has been suggested that such bans may increase automation[13] and recycling, decreasing negative impacts on the environment.[14]
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The section doesn't provide overviews of the state of affairs on those countries; some content could be moved elsewhere. Please help improve this section if you can.(January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In Germany, regulations exist that provide mandatory quotas for the waste sorting of packaging waste and recyclable materials such as glass bottles.[20]
In Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, a pilot project using an automated collecting machine of plastic bottles or aluminium cans with voucher reward has been implemented in a market.[21]
In India, the government inaugurated the Swachh Bharat Mission ("Clean India Mission") in 2014, a nationwide cleanup effort. Before this national consolidated effort for systematic and total waste management came into common consciousness, many cities and towns in India had already launched individual efforts directed at municipal waste collection of segregated waste, either based on citizen activism and/or municipal efforts to set up sustainable systems.[22]
In Ukraine, people are learning to sort garbage. Garbage is sorted in schools and kindergartens in Khmelnytsky.[23]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2022)
In terms of plastic waste sorting and recycling, an estimated 9% of the estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste from the 1950s up to 2018 has been recycled and another 12% has been incinerated with the rest reportedly being "dumped in landfills or the natural environment".[25]
^Aluminum Recycling, Second Edition - Mark E. Schlesinger. pp. 75-76.
^Martin F.Lemann: Waste Management, 2008, p. 80, ISBN9783039115143, Peter Lang
^ abcdeGundupalli, Sathish Paulraj; Hait, Subrata; Thakur, Atul (1 February 2017). "A review on automated sorting of source-separated municipal solid waste for recycling". Waste Management. 60: 56–74. Bibcode:2017WaMan..60...56G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.015. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 27663707.
^Qureshi, Muhammad Saad; Oasmaa, Anja; Pihkola, Hanna; Deviatkin, Ivan; Tenhunen, Anna; Mannila, Juha; Minkkinen, Hannu; Pohjakallio, Maija; Laine-Ylijoki, Jutta (1 November 2020). "Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 152: 104804. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104804. ISSN 0165-2370. S2CID 200068035.
^Zorpas, Antonis A. (1 April 2016). "Sustainable waste management through end-of-waste criteria development". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23 (8): 7376–7389. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5990-5. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 26690583. S2CID 36643191.
^Ulrich, Viola (6 November 2019). "Plastikmüll und Recycling: Acht Mythen und Irrtümer". DIE WELT (in German). Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Brooks, Amy L.; Wang, Shunli; Jambeck, Jenna R. (June 2018). "The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade". Science Advances. 4 (6): eaat0131. Bibcode:2018SciA....4..131B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. PMC6010324. PMID 29938223.
^"Turkey to ban plastic waste imports". The Guardian. 19 May 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Lee, Yen Nee (25 January 2019). "Malaysia, following in China's footsteps, bans imports of plastic waste". CNBC. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^"Cambodia probes Chinese firm over illegal waste imports". Reuters. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^"Thailand to ban imports of high-tech trash, plastic waste". Reuters. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^Green, Adam (1 July 2020). "Recyclers turn to AI robots after waste import bans". Financial Times. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^"'Waste colonialism': world grapples with west's unwanted plastic". The Guardian. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^"Breakthrough in separating plastic waste: Machines can now distinguish 12 different types of plastic". Aarhus University. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
^Henriksen, Martin L.; Karlsen, Celine B.; Klarskov, Pernille; Hinge, Mogens (1 January 2022). "Plastic classification via in-line hyperspectral camera analysis and unsupervised machine learning". Vibrational Spectroscopy. 118: 103329. doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2021.103329. ISSN 0924-2031. S2CID 244913832.
^Karaca, Ali Can; Erturk, Alp; Gullu, M. Kemal; Elmas, M.; Erturk, Sarp (June 2013). "Automatic waste sorting using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system". 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/WHISPERS.2013.8080744. ISBN978-1-5090-1119-3. S2CID 37092593.
^"Optical sorting technology for textile waste – Development of an identification method with NIR spectroscopy" (PDF). 2017.
^Zhu, Shichao; Chen, Honghui; Wang, Mengmeng; Guo, Xuemei; Lei, Yu; Jin, Gang (1 April 2019). "Plastic solid waste identification system based on near infrared spectroscopy in combination with support vector machine". Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research. 2 (2): 77–81. doi:10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.04.001. ISSN 2542-5048. S2CID 146666866.
^Germany, Garbage and the Green Dot: Challenging a Throwaway Society - Bette K. Fishbein. pp. 16-17.
^"Satu-satunya di Indonesia, Mesin Sampah Keluarkan Voucher ada di Denpasar". July 31, 2015.
^Reddy, Dhana Raju (2021). "Waste Management in India – An Overview" (PDF). United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT). 02 (7): 175–196. ISSN 2582-6832.
^"Хмельничан навчатимуть, як сортувати вдома сміття". khmelnytskyi.name (in Ukrainian). 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
^US EPA, OLEM (2019-04-17). "The U.S. Recycling System". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
^"The known unknowns of plastic pollution". The Economist. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
External links
Media related to Waste sorting at Wikimedia Commons
August 23, 2023
waste, sorting, process, which, waste, separated, into, different, elements, occur, manually, household, collected, through, curbside, collection, schemes, automatically, separated, materials, recovery, facilities, mechanical, biological, treatment, systems, h. Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements 1 Waste sorting can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside collection schemes or automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological treatment systems Hand sorting was the first method used in the history of waste sorting 2 Until now this method is still used citation needed Recycling bins in SingaporeRecycling point at the Gdansk University of TechnologyManual waste sorting for recyclingCharacteristic containers for recycling in Portovenere ItalyGarbage containers in Fuchu Tokyo JapanEmptying of segregated rubbish containers in Polish medium sized city Tomaszow MazowieckiWaste can also be sorted in a civic amenity site Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet Dry waste includes wood and related products metals and glass Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness Waste segregation is different from waste sorting Waste segregation is the grouping of waste into different categories Each waste goes into its category at the point of dumping or collection but sorting happens after dumping or collection Segregation of waste ensures pure quality material Sorting on the other hand will end up producing impure materials with less quality Contents 1 Methods 1 1 Mechanisms for automated sorting 2 By country 3 Globally 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksMethods EditWaste is collected at its source in each area and separated The way that waste is sorted must reflect local disposal systems The following categories are common 3 Paper Cardboard including packaging for return to suppliers Glass clear tinted no light bulbs or window panes which belong with residual waste Plastics Textiles Wood leather rubber Scrap metal Compost Special hazardous waste Residual wasteOrganic waste can also be segregated for disposal Leftover food which has had any contact with meat can be collected separately to prevent the spread of bacteria Meat and bone can be retrieved by bodies responsible for animal waste If other leftovers are sent for example to local farmers they can be sterilised before being fed to the animals Peels and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with other degradable matter Other waste can be included for composting such as cut flowers corks coffee grounds rotting fruit tea bags eggshells and nutshells and paper towels Mechanisms for automated sorting Edit See also Materials recovery facility Process and Recycling Sorting This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2022 Automation of municipal solid waste sorting process is an active research area 4 Notable mechanisms for automated sorting include Standardization of products especially of packaging 5 6 additional citation s needed which are often composed of different materials in particular materials hard or currently impossible to either separate or recycle together in an automated way 7 Laws related to recyclability waste management domestic materials recovery facilities product composition biodegradability and prevention of import export of specific wastes Since around 2017 China 8 Turkey 9 Malaysia 10 Cambodia 11 and Thailand 12 have banned certain waste imports It has been suggested that such bans may increase automation 13 and recycling decreasing negative impacts on the environment 14 Optical sorting Spectral imaging based sorting 4 Systems that use hyperspectral imaging and algorithms developed via machine learning 15 16 17 Near infrared spectroscopy 18 19 X ray based sorting 4 Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy 4 Eddy current based sorting 4 By country EditThis section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is The section doesn t provide overviews of the state of affairs on those countries some content could be moved elsewhere Please help improve this section if you can January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In Germany regulations exist that provide mandatory quotas for the waste sorting of packaging waste and recyclable materials such as glass bottles 20 In Denpasar Bali Indonesia a pilot project using an automated collecting machine of plastic bottles or aluminium cans with voucher reward has been implemented in a market 21 In India the government inaugurated the Swachh Bharat Mission Clean India Mission in 2014 a nationwide cleanup effort Before this national consolidated effort for systematic and total waste management came into common consciousness many cities and towns in India had already launched individual efforts directed at municipal waste collection of segregated waste either based on citizen activism and or municipal efforts to set up sustainable systems 22 In Ukraine people are learning to sort garbage Garbage is sorted in schools and kindergartens in Khmelnytsky 23 In the United States the Environmental Protection Agency reports that the infrastructure for recycling waste has not kept pace with the rate of waste production 24 Globally EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2022 In terms of plastic waste sorting and recycling an estimated 9 of the estimated 6 3 billion tonnes of plastic waste from the 1950s up to 2018 has been recycled and another 12 has been incinerated with the rest reportedly being dumped in landfills or the natural environment 25 See also Edit Environment portal Ecology portalAutomated vacuum collection Curbside collection Materials recovery facility Mechanical biological treatment Mixed waste Recycling Reverse vending machine Waste collectionReferences Edit Garbage sorting plan Shanghai Daily Aluminum Recycling Second Edition Mark E Schlesinger pp 75 76 Martin F Lemann Waste Management 2008 p 80 ISBN 9783039115143 Peter Lang a b c d e Gundupalli Sathish Paulraj Hait Subrata Thakur Atul 1 February 2017 A review on automated sorting of source separated municipal solid waste for recycling Waste Management 60 56 74 Bibcode 2017WaMan 60 56G doi 10 1016 j wasman 2016 09 015 ISSN 0956 053X PMID 27663707 Qureshi Muhammad Saad Oasmaa Anja Pihkola Hanna Deviatkin Ivan Tenhunen Anna Mannila Juha Minkkinen Hannu Pohjakallio Maija Laine Ylijoki Jutta 1 November 2020 Pyrolysis of plastic waste Opportunities and challenges Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 152 104804 doi 10 1016 j jaap 2020 104804 ISSN 0165 2370 S2CID 200068035 Zorpas Antonis A 1 April 2016 Sustainable waste management through end of waste criteria development Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 8 7376 7389 doi 10 1007 s11356 015 5990 5 ISSN 1614 7499 PMID 26690583 S2CID 36643191 Ulrich Viola 6 November 2019 Plastikmull und Recycling Acht Mythen und Irrtumer DIE WELT in German Retrieved 26 January 2022 Brooks Amy L Wang Shunli Jambeck Jenna R June 2018 The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade Science Advances 4 6 eaat0131 Bibcode 2018SciA 4 131B doi 10 1126 sciadv aat0131 PMC 6010324 PMID 29938223 Turkey to ban plastic waste imports The Guardian 19 May 2021 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Lee Yen Nee 25 January 2019 Malaysia following in China s footsteps bans imports of plastic waste CNBC Retrieved 26 January 2022 Cambodia probes Chinese firm over illegal waste imports Reuters 19 July 2019 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Thailand to ban imports of high tech trash plastic waste Reuters 16 August 2018 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Green Adam 1 July 2020 Recyclers turn to AI robots after waste import bans Financial Times Retrieved 26 January 2022 Waste colonialism world grapples with west s unwanted plastic The Guardian 31 December 2021 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Breakthrough in separating plastic waste Machines can now distinguish 12 different types of plastic Aarhus University Retrieved 19 January 2022 Henriksen Martin L Karlsen Celine B Klarskov Pernille Hinge Mogens 1 January 2022 Plastic classification via in line hyperspectral camera analysis and unsupervised machine learning Vibrational Spectroscopy 118 103329 doi 10 1016 j vibspec 2021 103329 ISSN 0924 2031 S2CID 244913832 Karaca Ali Can Erturk Alp Gullu M Kemal Elmas M Erturk Sarp June 2013 Automatic waste sorting using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing Evolution in Remote Sensing WHISPERS pp 1 4 doi 10 1109 WHISPERS 2013 8080744 ISBN 978 1 5090 1119 3 S2CID 37092593 Optical sorting technology for textile waste Development of an identification method with NIR spectroscopy PDF 2017 Zhu Shichao Chen Honghui Wang Mengmeng Guo Xuemei Lei Yu Jin Gang 1 April 2019 Plastic solid waste identification system based on near infrared spectroscopy in combination with support vector machine Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research 2 2 77 81 doi 10 1016 j aiepr 2019 04 001 ISSN 2542 5048 S2CID 146666866 Germany Garbage and the Green Dot Challenging a Throwaway Society Bette K Fishbein pp 16 17 Satu satunya di Indonesia Mesin Sampah Keluarkan Voucher ada di Denpasar July 31 2015 Reddy Dhana Raju 2021 Waste Management in India An Overview PDF United International Journal for Research amp Technology UIJRT 02 7 175 196 ISSN 2582 6832 Hmelnichan navchatimut yak sortuvati vdoma smittya khmelnytskyi name in Ukrainian 24 November 2020 Retrieved 2020 11 30 US EPA OLEM 2019 04 17 The U S Recycling System www epa gov Retrieved 2022 01 09 The known unknowns of plastic pollution The Economist 3 March 2018 Retrieved 17 June 2018 External links Edit Media related to Waste sorting at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Waste sorting amp oldid 1167187666, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
