Finnish Kalo has 6,000–10,000 speakers and many young people do not know the language. The majority of speakers are from older generations and about two-thirds of the Romanis in Finland still speak the language. There have been some revival efforts. Dictionaries and grammar books have been produced and some universities offer Finnish Kalo. Finnish Kalo has some similarities with the Romani languages in Hungary where stress is placed on the first syllable of the word. This may be related to the fact that both Finnish and Hungarian words have fixed word-initial stress, a feature that would have diffused to the Romani languages. Finnish Kalo has been taught in schools since the late 1980s and some courses were available in the 1970s.[3]
In 2012 only 30% of the 13,000 Romanis in Finland spoke Kalo fluently but about 50% could understand it. It is now uncommon for Kalo speakers to pass the language to children although there have been efforts made to revive it in recent years. There are language nests in Rovaniemi, and in Helsinki, Romani courses were established. In Finland, the municipalities can establish Romani courses if there is enough demand, though there have been problems due to a lack of resources.[4]
Finnish Romani in Sweden have a right to Kalo and Finnish education.[5]
Finnish Kalo has 8 pairs of long and short vowels.[6][7] Vowel length can be phonemic[6] as in bur 'through' versus buur 'boor'[8] or allophonic as in baaro/baro 'big'.[6]
Finnish Kalo has 9 closing diphthongs and 3 opening diphthongs.[6][9]
Granqvist, Kimmo (2001). "Suomen romanikieli". Kielikello (in Finnish). Retrieved January 28, 2021.
Granqvist, Kimmo (2002). "Finnish Romani Phonology and Dialect Geography" (PDF). SKY Journal of Linguistics. Linguistic Association of Finland. 15: 61–83.
Granqvist, Kimmo (2011). Lyhyt Suomen romanikielen kielioppi [Consice grammar of Finnish Romani] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus. ISBN978-952-5446-69-2. ISSN 1796-041X. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
Tuukkanen, Pia (April 10, 2012). "Romanikieli on vaarassa kadota". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved January 28, 2022.
External linksedit
Finnish Kalo language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Finnish Kalo teaching materials by the Finnish National Agency for Education [fi](in Finnish)
finnish, kalo, language, finnish, kalo, kalo, finnish, romani, kaalengo, tšimb, language, romani, language, family, subgroup, indo, european, spoken, finnish, kale, language, related, mutually, intelligible, with, scandoromani, angloromani, finnish, kalokaalen. Finnish Kalo Kalo Finnish Romani kaalengo tsimb 2 is a language of the Romani language family a subgroup of Indo European spoken by Finnish Kale The language is related to but not mutually intelligible with Scandoromani or Angloromani Finnish Kalokaalengo tsimbNative toFinland SwedenNative speakers10 000 in Finland 2001 census 1 1 700 in Sweden 2009 1 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanCentral ZoneRomaniNorthern RomaniNorthwestern RomaniFinnish KaloLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code rmf class extiw title iso639 3 rmf rmf a Glottologkalo1256Finnish Kalo has 6 000 10 000 speakers and many young people do not know the language The majority of speakers are from older generations and about two thirds of the Romanis in Finland still speak the language There have been some revival efforts Dictionaries and grammar books have been produced and some universities offer Finnish Kalo Finnish Kalo has some similarities with the Romani languages in Hungary where stress is placed on the first syllable of the word This may be related to the fact that both Finnish and Hungarian words have fixed word initial stress a feature that would have diffused to the Romani languages Finnish Kalo has been taught in schools since the late 1980s and some courses were available in the 1970s 3 Contents 1 Current situation 2 Phonology 3 Alphabet 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksCurrent situation editIn 2012 only 30 of the 13 000 Romanis in Finland spoke Kalo fluently but about 50 could understand it It is now uncommon for Kalo speakers to pass the language to children although there have been efforts made to revive it in recent years There are language nests in Rovaniemi and in Helsinki Romani courses were established In Finland the municipalities can establish Romani courses if there is enough demand though there have been problems due to a lack of resources 4 Finnish Romani in Sweden have a right to Kalo and Finnish education 5 nbsp Kalo in FinlandPhonology editFront Backunrounded roundedshort long short long short longClose i iː y yː u uːMid e eː o oː o oːOpen ae aeː ɑ ɑːFinnish Kalo has 8 pairs of long and short vowels 6 7 Vowel length can be phonemic 6 as in bur through versus buur boor 8 or allophonic as in baaro baro big 6 Finnish Kalo has 9 closing diphthongs and 3 opening diphthongs 6 9 Diphthongs Ending pointFront BackStarting pointClose Front unrounded ie iurounded yi yoBack ui uoMid Front unrounded ei eurounded oiBack oi ouOpen Front aeiBack ɑi ɑuFinnish Kalo has the following consonant phonemes 10 11 Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar GlottalNasal m nPlosive Affricate voiceless p t t ʃ kvoiceless aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰvoiced b d d ʒ ɡFricative f s x hApproximant ʋ l jTrill rAlphabet editMain article Romani alphabets Finnish RomaniSee also editMiranda VuolasrantaNotes edit a b Finnish Kalo at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp Vela pinsiba at doola horttas dikkena tsiȟkeske so me som Kaalengo kentengo tsiȟko aaȟȟiba ta horttibongo tsatsjiba Granqvist 2001 Tuukkanen 2012 Romanien oikeudet Goteborgissa a b c d Granqvist 2002 64 65 Granqvist 2011 2 4 Granqvist 2011 6 Granqvist 2011 5 Granqvist 2002 67 72 Granqvist 2011 2 5 References editGranqvist Kimmo 2001 Suomen romanikieli Kielikello in Finnish Retrieved January 28 2021 Granqvist Kimmo 2002 Finnish Romani Phonology and Dialect Geography PDF SKY Journal of Linguistics Linguistic Association of Finland 15 61 83 Granqvist Kimmo 2011 Lyhyt Suomen romanikielen kielioppi Consice grammar of Finnish Romani in Finnish Helsinki Kotimaisten kielten keskus ISBN 978 952 5446 69 2 ISSN 1796 041X Retrieved January 28 2021 Tuukkanen Pia April 10 2012 Romanikieli on vaarassa kadota Yle Uutiset in Finnish Retrieved January 28 2022 External links edit nbsp Finnish Kalo language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Finnish Kalo teaching materials by the Finnish National Agency for Education fi in Finnish Finnish Kalo Finnish Dictionary Online Glosbe nbsp This article about Indo Aryan languages is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This Romani related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This Finland related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This Sweden related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Finnish Kalo language amp oldid 1162658176, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
