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Dayton, Ohio

January 26, 2023

"Dayton" redirects here. For the Dayton metropolitan area, see Greater Dayton. For other uses, see Dayton (disambiguation).

Dayton (/ˈdeɪtən/ (listen)) is the sixth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County.[3] A small part of the city extends into Greene County.[4] The 2020 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 137,644, while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 814,049 residents. The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) was 1,086,512. This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 73rd in the United States.[5] Dayton is within Ohio's Miami Valley region, 50 miles (80 km) north of the Greater Cincinnati area.

Dayton, Ohio
City
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Gem City, Birthplace of Aviation
Location in Montgomery County and the state of Ohio.
Coordinates: 39°45′34″N 84°11′30″W / 39.75944°N 84.19167°W / 39.75944; -84.19167Coordinates: 39°45′34″N 84°11′30″W / 39.75944°N 84.19167°W / 39.75944; -84.19167
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyMontgomery
Founded1796
 1841 (city)
Named forJonathan Dayton
Government
 • MayorJeff Mims (D)
Area
[1]
 • City56.96 sq mi (147.52 km2)
 • Land55.81 sq mi (144.54 km2)
 • Water1.15 sq mi (2.99 km2)
Elevation
738 ft (225 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City137,644
 • Density2,466.47/sq mi (952.31/km2)
 • Urban
674,046 (US: 64th)
 • Urban density2,107.1/sq mi (813.6/km2)
 • Metro
814,049 (US: 73rd)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
ZIP codes[2]
Area codes937, 326
FIPS code39113
GNIS feature ID1064514
Primary airportDayton International Airport
Websitedaytonohio.gov

Ohio's borders are within 500 miles (800 km) of roughly 60 percent of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure, making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers, suppliers, and shippers.[6][7] Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations. Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Dayton's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors.

Along with defense and aerospace, healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area's economy. Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $6.8 billion.[8] It is estimated that Premier Health Partners, a hospital network, contributes more than $2 billion a year to the region through operating, employment, and capital expenditures.[9] In 2011, Dayton was rated the #3 city in the nation by HealthGrades for excellence in healthcare.[10][11]

Dayton is also noted for its association with aviation; the city is the birthplace of Orville Wright. Other well-known individuals born in the city include poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and entrepreneur John H. Patterson. Dayton is also known for its many patents, inventions, and inventors,[12] most notably the Wright brothers' invention of powered flight.[13] In 2007 Dayton was a part of the top 100 cities in America.[14] In 2008, 2009, and 2010, Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the #1 mid-sized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development.[15][16][17] Also in 2010, Dayton was named one of the best places in the United States for college graduates to find a job.[18][19]

History

Dayton was founded on April 1, 1796, by 12 settlers known as the Thompson Party. They traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St. Clair Street, where they found two small camps of Native Americans. Among the Thompson Party was Benjamin Van Cleve,[20] whose memoirs provide insights into the Ohio Valley's history. Two other groups traveling overland arrived several days later.[21] The oldest surviving building is Newcom Tavern, which was used for various purposes, including housing Dayton's first church, which is still in existence.[22]

In 1797, Daniel C. Cooper laid out Mad River Road, the first overland connection between Cincinnati and Dayton, opening the "Mad River Country" to settlement. Ohio was admitted into the Union in 1803, and the village of Dayton was incorporated in 1805 and chartered as a city in 1841. The city was named after Jonathan Dayton, a captain in the American Revolutionary War who signed the U.S. Constitution and owned a significant amount of land in the area.[23] In 1827, construction on the Dayton–Cincinnati canal began, which would provide a better way to transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati and contribute significantly to Dayton's economic growth during the 1800s.[23]

Innovation

 
Dayton in 1870

Innovation led to business growth in the region. In 1884, John Henry Patterson acquired James Ritty's National Manufacturing Company along with his cash register patents and formed the National Cash Register Company (NCR). The company manufactured the first mechanical cash registers and played a crucial role in the shaping of Dayton's reputation as an epicenter for manufacturing in the early 1900s. In 1906, Charles F. Kettering, a leading engineer at the company, helped develop the first electric cash register, which propelled NCR into the national spotlight.[24] NCR also helped develop the US Navy Bombe, a code-breaking machine that helped crack the Enigma machine cipher during World War II.[25]

Dayton has been the home for many patents and inventions since the 1870s.[12][26] According to the National Park Service, citing information from the U.S. Patent Office, Dayton had granted more patents per capita than any other U.S. city in 1890 and ranked fifth in the nation as early as 1870.[27] The Wright brothers, inventors of the airplane, and Charles F. Kettering, world-renowned for his numerous inventions, hailed from Dayton.[28] The city was also home to James Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier, the first mechanical cash register, and Arthur E. Morgan's hydraulic jump, a flood prevention mechanism that helped pioneer hydraulic engineering.[29][30] Paul Laurence Dunbar, an African-American poet and novelist, penned his most famous works in the late 19th century and became an integral part of the city's history.[31]

Birthplace of Aviation

Powered aviation began in Dayton. Orville and Wilbur Wright were the first to construct and demonstrate powered flight. Although the first flight was in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, their Wright Flyer was built in and returned to Dayton for improvements and further flights at Huffman Field, a cow pasture eight miles (13 km) northeast of Dayton, near the current Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

When the government tried to move development to Langley field in southern Virginia, six Dayton businessmen including Edward A. Deeds, formed the Dayton-Wright Airplane Company in Moraine and established a flying field. Deeds also opened a field to the north in the flood plain of the Great Miami River between the confluences of that river, the Stillwater River, and the Mad River, near downtown Dayton. Later named McCook Field for Alexander McDowell McCook, an American Civil War general, this became the Army Signal Corps' primary aviation research and training location. Wilbur Wright also purchased land near Huffman prairie to continue their research.

During World War I, the Army purchased 40 acres adjacent to Huffman Prairie for the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot. As airplanes developed more capability, they needed more runway space than McCook could offer, and a new location was sought. The Patterson family formed the Dayton Air Service Committee, Inc which held a campaign that raised $425,000 in two days and purchased 4,520.47 acres (18.2937 km2) northeast of Dayton, including Wilbur Wright Field and the Huffman Prairie Flying Field. Wright Field was "formally dedicated" on 12 October 1927. After World War II, Wright Field and the adjacent Patterson Field, Dayton Army Air Field, and Clinton Army Air Field were merged as the Headquarters, Air Force Technical Base. On 13 January 1948, the facility was renamed Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

The Dayton Flood

A catastrophic flood in March 1913, known as the Great Dayton Flood, led to the creation of the Miami Conservancy District, a series of dams as well as hydraulic pumps installed around Dayton, in 1914.[32]

The war effort

Like other cities across the country, Dayton was heavily involved in the war effort during World War II. Several locations around the city hosted the Dayton Project, a branch of the larger Manhattan Project, to develop polonium triggers used in early atomic bombs.[33] The war efforts led to a manufacturing boom throughout the city, including high demand for housing and other services. At one point, emergency housing was put into place due to a housing shortage in the region, much of which is still in use today.[34]

Alan Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. He visited the National Cash Register (NCR) company in Dayton in December 1942. He was able to show that it was not necessary to build 336 Bombes, so the initial order was scaled down to 96 machines to decipher German Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II.[35]

Post-War Dayton

Between the 1940s and the 1970s, the city saw significant growth in suburban areas from population migration. Veterans were returning from military service in large numbers seeking industrial and manufacturing jobs, a part of the local industry that was expanding rapidly. Advancements in architecture also contributed to the suburban boom. New, modernized shopping centers and the Interstate Highway System allowed workers to commute greater distances and families to live further from the downtown area. More than 127,000 homes were built in Montgomery County during the 1950s.[36]

During this time, the city was the site of several race riots, including one in 1955 following the murder of Emmett Till, the 1966 Dayton race riot, two in 1967 (following a speech by civil rights activist H. Rap Brown and another following the police killing of an African American man), and one in 1968 as part of the nationwide King assassination riots.[37]

Since the 1980s, however, Dayton's population has declined, mainly due to the loss of manufacturing jobs and decentralization of metropolitan areas, as well as the national housing crisis that began in 2008.[38] While much of the state has suffered for similar reasons, the impact on Dayton has been greater than most. Dayton had the third-greatest percentage loss of population in the state since the 1980s, behind Cleveland and Youngstown.[38] Despite this, Dayton has begun diversifying its workforce from manufacturing into other growing sectors such as healthcare and education.[39]

Peace accords

Main article: Dayton Agreement

In 1995, the Dayton Agreement, a peace accord between the parties to the hostilities of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the former Yugoslavia, was negotiated at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Fairborn, Ohio, from November 1 to 21.

Richard Holbrooke wrote about these events in his memoirs:

There was also a real Dayton out there, a charming Ohio city, famous as the birthplace of the Wright brothers. Its citizens energized us from the outset. Unlike the population of, say, New York City, Geneva or Washington, which would scarcely notice another conference, Daytonians were proud to be part of history. Large signs at the commercial airport hailed Dayton as the "temporary center of international peace." The local newspapers and television stations covered the story from every angle, drawing the people deeper into the proceedings. When we ventured into a restaurant or a shopping center downtown, people crowded around, saying that they were praying for us. Warren Christopher was given at least one standing ovation in a restaurant. Families on the airbase placed "candles of peace" in their front windows, and people gathered in peace vigils outside the base. One day they formed a "peace chain," although it was not large enough to surround the sprawling eight-thousand-acre base. Ohio's famous ethnic diversity was on display.[40]

2000s initiatives

Downtown expansion that began in the 2000s has helped revitalize the city and encourage growth. Day Air Ballpark, home of the Dayton Dragons, was built in 2000. The highly successful minor league baseball team has been an integral part of Dayton's culture.[41] In 2001, the city's public park system, Five Rivers MetroParks, built RiverScape MetroPark, an outdoor entertainment venue that attracts more than 400,000 visitors each year.[42] A new performance arts theater, the Schuster Center, opened in 2003.[43] A large health network in the region, Premier Health Partners, expanded its Miami Valley Hospital with a 12-story tower addition.[44]

In 2010, the Downtown Dayton Partnership, in cooperation with the City of Dayton and community leaders, introduced the Greater Downtown Dayton Plan. It focuses on job creation and retention, infrastructure improvements, housing, recreation, and collaboration. The plan is to be implemented through the year 2020.[45]

Nickname

 
A photograph of the Miami and Erie Canal from Geography of Ohio, 1923

Dayton is known as the "Gem City". The nickname's origin is uncertain, but several theories exist. In the early 19th century, a well-known racehorse named Gem hailed from Dayton. In 1845, an article published in the Cincinnati Daily Chronicle by an author known as T stated:

In a small bend of the Great Miami River, with canals on the east and south, it can be fairly said, without infringing on the rights of others, that Dayton is the gem of all our interior towns. It possesses wealth, refinement, enterprise, and a beautiful country, beautifully developed.[46]

In the late 1840s, Major William D. Bickham of the Dayton Journal began a campaign to nickname Dayton the "Gem City." The name was adopted by the city's Board of Trade several years later.[46] Paul Laurence Dunbar referred to the nickname in his poem, "Toast to Dayton", as noted in the following excerpt:

She shall ever claim our duty,
For she shines—the brightest gem
That has ever decked with beauty
     Dear Ohio's diadem.[47]

Dayton also plays a role in a nickname given to the state of Ohio, "Birthplace of Aviation." Dayton is the hometown of the Wright brothers, aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the first practical airplane in history. After their first manned flights in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, which they had chosen due to its ideal weather and climate conditions, the Wrights returned to Dayton and continued testing at nearby Huffman Prairie.[48]

Additionally, Dayton is colloquially referred to as "Little Detroit".[49] This nickname comes from Dayton's prominence as a Midwestern manufacturing center.[50]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.50 square miles (146.33 km2), of which 55.65 square miles (144.13 km2) is land and 0.85 square miles (2.20 km2) is water.[51]

Climate

Dayton's climate features warm, muggy summers and cold, dry winters, and is classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa). Unless otherwise noted, all normal figures quoted within the text below are from the official climatology station, Dayton International Airport, at an elevation of 1,000 ft (304.8 m) about 10 mi (16 km) to the north of downtown Dayton, which lies within the valley of the Miami River; thus temperatures there are typically cooler than in downtown.[52]

At the airport, monthly mean temperatures range from 27.5 °F (−2.5 °C) in January to 74.1 °F (23.4 °C) in July. The highest temperature ever recorded in Dayton was 108 °F (42 °C) on July 22, 1901, and the coldest was −28 °F (−33 °C) on February 13 during the Great Blizzard of 1899. On average, there are 14 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs and 4.5 nights of sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows annually. Snow is moderate, with a normal seasonal accumulation of 23.3 in (59 cm),[a] usually occurring from November to March, occasionally April, and rarely October. Precipitation averages 41.1 inches (1,040 mm) annually, with total rainfall peaking in May.

Dayton is subject to severe weather typical of the Midwestern United States. Tornadoes are possible from the spring to the fall. Floods, blizzards, and severe thunderstorms can also occur.

On Memorial Day of 2019, Dayton suffered extensive property damage and one death during a tornado outbreak, in which a total of 15 tornadoes touched down in the Dayton area.[54] Although some of the tornadoes were only EF0 and remained on the ground for less than a mile, one was an EF4 measuring a half-mile-wide (805 meters), which tore through the communities of Brookville, Trotwood, Dayton, and Riverside.[55][56] Several streets were closed, including portions of I-75 and North Dixie Street. 64,000 residents lost power and much of the region's water supply was cut off.[57][54]

Climate data for Dayton, Ohio (Dayton International Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1893–present[c]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 75
(24) 		76
(24) 		87
(31) 		90
(32) 		98
(37) 		102
(39) 		108
(42) 		103
(39) 		102
(39) 		94
(34) 		79
(26) 		72
(22) 		108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.6
(14.8) 		63.0
(17.2) 		71.9
(22.2) 		80.4
(26.9) 		86.6
(30.3) 		91.9
(33.3) 		92.7
(33.7) 		91.8
(33.2) 		89.4
(31.9) 		82.3
(27.9) 		69.7
(20.9) 		61.3
(16.3) 		94.1
(34.5)
Average high °F (°C) 37.1
(2.8) 		41.2
(5.1) 		51.5
(10.8) 		64.5
(18.1) 		74.2
(23.4) 		82.6
(28.1) 		85.9
(29.9) 		84.6
(29.2) 		78.6
(25.9) 		66.2
(19.0) 		52.7
(11.5) 		41.5
(5.3) 		63.4
(17.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.4
(−1.4) 		32.8
(0.4) 		42.1
(5.6) 		53.7
(12.1) 		64.0
(17.8) 		72.7
(22.6) 		76.0
(24.4) 		74.5
(23.6) 		67.7
(19.8) 		56.0
(13.3) 		44.1
(6.7) 		34.3
(1.3) 		53.9
(12.2)
Average low °F (°C) 21.8
(−5.7) 		24.5
(−4.2) 		32.7
(0.4) 		42.9
(6.1) 		53.8
(12.1) 		62.7
(17.1) 		66.1
(18.9) 		64.3
(17.9) 		56.8
(13.8) 		45.9
(7.7) 		35.4
(1.9) 		27.1
(−2.7) 		44.5
(6.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −1.7
(−18.7) 		4.0
(−15.6) 		13.4
(−10.3) 		25.2
(−3.8) 		37.4
(3.0) 		48.7
(9.3) 		53.9
(12.2) 		52.1
(11.2) 		41.9
(5.5) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		19.4
(−7.0) 		7.4
(−13.7) 		−4.6
(−20.3)
Record low °F (°C) −25
(−32) 		−28
(−33) 		−7
(−22) 		15
(−9) 		26
(−3) 		40
(4) 		44
(7) 		40
(4) 		30
(−1) 		18
(−8) 		−2
(−19) 		−20
(−29) 		−28
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.08
(78) 		2.35
(60) 		3.50
(89) 		4.46
(113) 		4.51
(115) 		4.14
(105) 		3.95
(100) 		2.96
(75) 		3.31
(84) 		2.95
(75) 		3.07
(78) 		3.05
(77) 		41.33
(1,050)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.3
(21) 		6.6
(17) 		3.9
(9.9) 		0.4
(1.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.8
(2.0) 		4.8
(12) 		25.0
(64)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.4 11.3 12.1 13.0 14.1 11.9 10.6 8.1 8.6 9.5 9.9 11.8 134.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 7.6 6.4 3.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.2 4.9 24.5
Average relative humidity (%) 72.7 72.0 69.5 64.2 65.1 66.0 68.8 71.5 71.9 69.3 73.3 75.8 70.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 134.0 136.6 178.4 213.2 263.1 293.7 296.2 277.4 237.6 192.9 115.7 99.9 2,438.7
Percent possible sunshine 45 46 48 54 59 65 65 65 64 56 39 34 55
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[53][58][59]
Climate data for Dayton, Ohio (Miami Conservancy District, downtown), 1991–2020 normals,[d] extremes 1893–present[e]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 75
(24) 		77
(25) 		88
(31) 		90
(32) 		98
(37) 		103
(39) 		108
(42) 		105
(41) 		102
(39) 		93
(34) 		81
(27) 		72
(22) 		108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 60.8
(16.0) 		65.8
(18.8) 		74.9
(23.8) 		83.7
(28.7) 		90.5
(32.5) 		95.5
(35.3) 		96.9
(36.1) 		95.9
(35.5) 		93.1
(33.9) 		85.0
(29.4) 		72.1
(22.3) 		63.4
(17.4) 		98.0
(36.7)
Average high °F (°C) 36.3
(2.4) 		40.2
(4.6) 		50.7
(10.4) 		64.3
(17.9) 		74.9
(23.8) 		83.6
(28.7) 		86.7
(30.4) 		85.8
(29.9) 		79.2
(26.2) 		66.1
(18.9) 		52.0
(11.1) 		40.9
(4.9) 		63.4
(17.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 28.2
(−2.1) 		31.4
(−0.3) 		40.6
(4.8) 		52.9
(11.6) 		63.9
(17.7) 		73.0
(22.8) 		76.2
(24.6) 		74.8
(23.8) 		67.5
(19.7) 		54.8
(12.7) 		42.6
(5.9) 		33.2
(0.7) 		53.3
(11.8)
Average low °F (°C) 20.1
(−6.6) 		22.6
(−5.2) 		30.6
(−0.8) 		41.4
(5.2) 		52.9
(11.6) 		62.4
(16.9) 		65.7
(18.7) 		63.9
(17.7) 		55.8
(13.2) 		43.5
(6.4) 		33.1
(0.6) 		25.6
(−3.6) 		43.1
(6.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 1.7
(−16.8) 		7.2
(−13.8) 		15.2
(−9.3) 		27.5
(−2.5) 		39.2
(4.0) 		51.0
(10.6) 		57.0
(13.9) 		55.5
(13.1) 		44.5
(6.9) 		31.9
(−0.1) 		21.8
(−5.7) 		10.6
(−11.9) 		−0.7
(−18.2)
Record low °F (°C) −21
(−29) 		−28
(−33) 		0
(−18) 		15
(−9) 		28
(−2) 		37
(3) 		45
(7) 		37
(3) 		29
(−2) 		18
(−8) 		0
(−18) 		−16
(−27) 		−28
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.17
(81) 		2.35
(60) 		3.54
(90) 		4.45
(113) 		4.38
(111) 		4.41
(112) 		4.03
(102) 		3.12
(79) 		3.03
(77) 		3.00
(76) 		3.04
(77) 		3.13
(80) 		41.65
(1,058)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 6.9
(18) 		1.5
(3.8) 		1.7
(4.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		2.1
(5.3) 		12.3
(31)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 12.2 10.1 11.4 13.0 13.5 12.1 10.0 8.3 8.0 9.3 9.5 11.0 128.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.1 2.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.3 9.7
Source: NOAA[53][60]

Ecology

The Dayton Audubon Society is the National Audubon Society's local chapter. The Dayton chapter manages local activities contributing to the annual, hemisphere-wide Christmas Bird Count.[61] The Chapter began participation in the National Count in 1924. The local Count was initially coordinated by Ben Blincoe, who was succeeded by Jim Hill in 1970. In the mid-1960s, the freezing of Lake Erie and associated marshlands led species of waterfowl to appear in the Dayton-area, where surface waters remained unfrozen. Nine varieties of birds have been observed every year in the Dayton area: downy woodpecker, Carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse, brown creeper, cardinal, junco, tree sparrow, song sparrow and crow.[62][63]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1810383—
18201,000161.1%
18302,950195.0%
18406,067105.7%
185010,97780.9%
186020,08182.9%
187030,47351.8%
188038,67826.9%
189061,22058.3%
190085,33339.4%
1910116,57736.6%
1920152,55930.9%
1930200,98231.7%
1940210,7184.8%
1950243,87215.7%
1960262,3327.6%
1970243,601−7.1%
1980193,536−20.6%
1990182,044−5.9%
2000166,179−8.7%
2010141,759−14.7%
2020137,644−2.9%
United States Census Bureau
Note: the following demographic information applies only to the city of Dayton proper. For other Dayton-area communities, see their respective articles.

Dayton's population declined significantly from a peak of 262,332 residents in 1960 to only 141,759 in 2010. This was in part due to the slowdown of the region's manufacturing and the growth of Dayton's affluent suburbs including Oakwood, Englewood, Beavercreek, Springboro, Miamisburg, Kettering, and Centerville.[64] The city's most populous ethnic group, white, declined from 78.1% in 1960 to 51.7% by 2010.[65] Recent census estimates show a population decline since 2010.[66]

As of the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the city was $27,523, and the median income for a family was $34,978. Males had a median income of $30,816 versus $24,937 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,724. About 18.2% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.0% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census,[67] there were 141,759 people, 58,404 households, and 31,064 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,543.2 inhabitants per square mile (981.9/km2). There were 74,065 housing units at an average density of 1,330.9 per square mile (513.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 51.7% White, 42.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 1.3% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 58,404 households, of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 21.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.8% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26, and the average family size was 3.03.

The median age in the city was 34.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64, and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

2013 census population estimates

The 2013 census population estimate showed a slight Dayton population increase for the first time in five decades.[68] However, the 2014 population estimate indicated a decrease of individuals from 2013's estimate.[69]

Economy

 
C-5 Galaxy at Wright-Patterson AFB

Dayton's economy is relatively diversified and vital to the overall economy of the state of Ohio. In 2008 and 2009, Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the #1 medium-sized metropolitan area in the U.S. for economic development.[15][16] Dayton is also among the top 100 metropolitan areas in both exports and export-related jobs, ranked 16 and 14 respectively by the Brookings Institution. The 2010 report placed the value of exports at $4.7 billion and the number of export-related jobs at 44,133.[70] The Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area ranks 4th in Ohio's Gross Domestic Product with a 2008 industry total of $33.78 billion.[71] Additionally, Dayton ranks third among 11 major metropolitan areas in Ohio for exports to foreign countries.[72] The Dayton Development Coalition is attempting to leverage the region's large water capacity, estimated to be 1.5 trillion gallons of renewable water aquifers, to attract new businesses.[73][74] Moody's Investment Services revised Dayton's bond rating from A1 to the stronger rating of Aa2 as part of its global recalibration process. Standard & Poor's upgraded Dayton's rating from A+ to AA- in the summer of 2009.[75]

Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Dayton in 2010 as one of the best places in the U.S. for college graduates looking for a job.[18][19] Companies such as Reynolds and Reynolds, CareSource, DP&L (soon AES inc), LexisNexis, Kettering Health Network, Premier Health Partners, and Standard Register have their headquarters in Dayton. It is also the former home of the Speedwell Motor Car Company, MeadWestvaco (formerly known as the Mead Paper Company), and NCR. NCR was headquartered in Dayton for over 125 years and was a major innovator in computer technology.[76]

Research, development, aerospace and aviation

 
Aerial view of Downtown Dayton (NE to SW)

The Dayton region gave birth to aviation[77] and is known for its high concentration of aerospace and aviation technology. In 2009, Governor Ted Strickland designated Dayton as Ohio's aerospace innovation hub, the state's first such technology hub.[78] Two major United States research and development organizations have leveraged Dayton's historical leadership in aviation and maintain their headquarters in the area: The National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).[79] Both have their headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.[80]

 
Kettering Tower, Dayton's tallest high-rise

Several research organizations support NASIC, AFRL, and the Dayton community. The Advanced Technical Intelligence Center is a confederation of government, academic, and industry partners. The University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) is led by the University of Dayton. The Cognitive Technologies Division (CTD) of Applied Research Associates, Inc., which carries out human-centered research and design, is headquartered in the Dayton suburb of Fairborn. The city of Dayton has started Tech Town, a development project to attract technology-based firms and revitalize the downtown area. Tech Town is home to the world's first RFID business incubator.[81] The University of Dayton–led Institute for Development & Commercialization of Sensor Technologies (IDCAST) at TechTown is a center for remote sensing and sensing technology. It is one of Dayton's technology business incubators housed in The Entrepreneurs Center building.[82]

Healthcare

 
Southeast tower at Miami Valley Hospital

The Kettering Health Network and Premier Health Partners have a major role on the Dayton area's economy. Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $6.8 billion.[8] In addition, several Dayton area hospitals consistently earn top national ranking and recognition including the U.S. News & World Report's list of "America's Best Hospitals" as well as many of HealthGrades top ratings.[83] The most notable hospitals are Miami Valley Hospital and Kettering Medical Center.

The Dayton region has several key institutes and centers for health care. The Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton focuses on the science and development of human tissue regeneration. The National Center for Medical Readiness (NCMR) is also in the Dayton area. The center includes Calamityville, which is a disaster training facility. Over five years, Calamityville is estimated to have a regional economic impact of $374 million.[84] Also, the Neurological Institute at Miami Valley Hospital is an institute focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of neurological disorders.

Top employers

According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[85] the top employers in the city proper are:

Rank Employer Employees
(2019) 		Employees
(2018) 		Employees
(2017)
1 Premier Health Partners 12,425 12,138 13,858
2 Kettering Health Network 9,319 8,909 8,415
3 Montgomery County 4,284 4,366 4,383
4 Dayton Children's Hospital 3,341 2,974 2,467
5 Sinclair Community College 3,163 3,085 3,094
6 CareSource 3,021 2,800 2,200
7 University of Dayton 3,000 3,028 2,964
8 Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2,425 2,403 2,268
9 Dayton Public Schools 2,062 2,062 2,062
10 City of Dayton 1,963 1,972 1,900

Government

Main article: Politics of Dayton, Ohio

The Dayton City Commission is composed of the mayor and four city commissioners. Each city commission member is elected at-large on a non-partisan basis for four-year, overlapping terms. All policy items are decided by the city commission, which is empowered by the City Charter to pass ordinances and resolutions, adopt regulations, and appoint the city manager. The city manager is responsible for budgeting and implementing policies and initiatives. Dayton was the first large American city to adopt the city manager form of municipal government, in 1913.[86]

Cityscape

 
Panorama of Dayton

Architecture

See also: List of tallest buildings in Dayton and National Register of Historic Places listings in Dayton, Ohio

Unlike many Midwestern cities its age, Dayton has very broad and straight downtown streets (generally two or three full lanes in each direction) that improved access to the downtown even after the automobile became popular. The main reason for the broad streets was that Dayton was a marketing and shipping center from its beginning; streets were broad to enable wagons drawn by teams of three to four pairs of oxen to turn around. Also, some of today's streets were once barge canals flanked by draw-paths.

A courthouse building was built in downtown Dayton in 1888 to supplement Dayton's original Neoclassical courthouse, which still stands. This second, "new" courthouse has since been replaced with new facilities as well as a park. The Old Court House has been a favored political campaign stop. On September 17, 1859, Abraham Lincoln delivered an address on its steps. Eight other presidents have visited the courthouse, either as presidents or during presidential campaigns: Andrew Johnson, James Garfield, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton.[87]

The Dayton Arcade, which opened on March 3, 1904, was built in the hopes of replacing open-air markets throughout the city. Throughout the decades, the Arcade has gone through many transformations but has retained its charm. Some of its main features include a Flemish facade at the Third Street entrance, a glass dome above the Arcade rotunda, and a chateau roof line above the Third Street facade.[88] The Dayton Arcade is currently under renovations with no official completion date set.

In 2009, the CareSource Management Group finished construction of a $55 million corporate headquarters in downtown Dayton. The 300,000-square-foot (28,000 m2), 10-story building was downtown's first new office tower in more than a decade.[89]

Dayton's two tallest buildings are the Kettering Tower at 408 ft (124 m) and the KeyBank Tower at 385 ft (117 m).[90] Kettering Tower was originally Winters Tower, the headquarters of Winters Bank. The building was renamed after Virginia Kettering when Winters was merged into Bank One. KeyBank Tower was known as the MeadWestvaco Tower before KeyBank gained naming rights to the building in 2008.[91]

Ted Rall said in 2015 that over the last five decades Dayton has been demolishing some of its architecturally significant buildings to reduce the city's rental vacancy rate and thus increase the occupancy rate.[92]

Neighborhoods

Dayton's ten historic neighborhoods—Oregon District, Wright Dunbar, Dayton View, Grafton Hill, McPherson Town, Webster Station, Huffman, Kenilworth, St. Anne's Hill, and South Park—feature mostly single-family houses and mansions in the Neoclassical, Jacobethan, Tudor Revival, English Gothic, Chateauesque, Craftsman, Queen Anne, Georgian Revival, Colonial Revival, Renaissance Revival Architecture, Shingle Style Architecture, Prairie, Mission Revival, Eastlake/Italianate, American Foursquare, and Federal styles.[93] Downtown Dayton is also a large area that encompasses several neighborhoods itself and has seen a recent uplift and revival.

Suburbs

Main article: Greater Dayton

Dayton's suburbs with a population of 10,000 or more include Beavercreek, Centerville, Clayton, Englewood, Fairborn, Harrison Township, Huber Heights, Kettering, Miami Township, Miamisburg, Oakwood, Riverside, Springboro, Trotwood, Vandalia, Washington Township, West Carrollton, and Xenia.

In the federal government's National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970, funding was provided for thirteen "new towns" or planned cities throughout the country. One location was set to become a suburb of Dayton and was known variously as Brookwood or Newfields.[94] The goal was to have an entirely new suburb that would eventually house about 35,000 residents. The new town was to be located between Trotwood and Brookville, and modeled on the ideas of Ian McHarg. The project was abandoned in 1978 and most of the land became Sycamore State Park.[95]

Recreation

Dayton was named National Geographic's outdoor adventure capital of the Midwest in 2019 due in large part to the metropolitan area's revitalized Five Rivers MetroPark, extensive bicycle and jogging trail system, urban green spaces, lakes and camping areas.[96]

Bicycling

 
Dayton Regional Bike Trail Map[97]

In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, Five Rivers MetroParks hosts 340 miles of paved trails, the largest network of paved off-street trails in the United States.[98][99][100] The regional trail system represents over 35% of the 900 miles in Ohio's off-street trail network.[101] In 2010, the city of Troy was named "bike friendly" by the League of American Bicyclists, which gave the city the organization's bronze designation.[102] The honorable mention made Dayton one of two cities in Ohio to receive the award, the other being Columbus, and one of 15 cities nationwide.[102]

Culture

Fine arts

 
The Benjamin and Marian Schuster Performing Arts Center: Interior view of main lobby and Wintergarden

The Dayton Region ranked within the top 10% in the nation in arts and culture.[103] In a 2012 readers' poll by American Style magazine, Dayton ranked #2 in the country among mid-size cities as an arts destination, ranking higher than larger cities such as Atlanta, St. Louis, and Cincinnati.[104][105] Dayton is the home of the Dayton Art Institute.

The Benjamin and Marian Schuster Performing Arts Center in downtown Dayton is a world-class performing arts center and the home venue of the Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra, Dayton Opera, and the Dayton Ballet.[106] In addition to philharmonic and opera performances, the Schuster Center hosts concerts, lectures, and traveling Broadway shows, and is a popular spot for weddings and other events.[107] The historic Victoria Theatre in downtown Dayton hosts concerts, traveling Broadway shows, ballet, a summertime classic film series, and more. The Loft Theatre, also downtown, is the home of the Human Race Theatre Company.[108] The Dayton Playhouse, in West Dayton, is the site of numerous plays and theatrical productions.[109] Between 1957 and 1995, the Kenley Players presented live theater productions in Dayton.[110][111] In 2013, John Kenley was inducted into the Dayton Theatre Hall of Fame.[112]

Dayton is the home to several ballet companies including:

Front Street, the largest artists' collective in Dayton, is housed in three industrial buildings on East Second Street.[116][117][118]

Food

 
Marion's Piazza

The city's fine dining restaurants include The Pine Club, a nationally known steakhouse.[119][120][121][122] Dayton is home to a variety of pizza chains that have become woven into local culture, the most notable of which are Cassano's and Marion's Piazza. Notable Dayton-based restaurant chains include Hot Head Burritos.[123]

In addition to restaurants, the city is also home to Esther Price Candies,[124] a candy and chocolate company, and Mike-sells, the oldest potato chip company in the United States.[125]

The city began developing a reputation for its number of breweries and craft beer venues by the late 2010s.[126][127]

Religion

 
Historic Sacred Heart Church

Many major religions are represented in Dayton. Christianity is represented in Dayton by dozens of denominations and their respective churches.[128] Notable Dayton churches include the First Lutheran Church, Sacred Heart Church, and Ginghamsburg Church. Dayton's Muslim community is largely represented by the Islamic Society of Greater Dayton (ISGD), a Muslim community that includes a mosque on Josie Street. Dayton is also home to the United Theological Seminary, one of 13 seminaries affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Judaism is represented by Temple Israel. Hinduism is represented by the Hindu Temple of Dayton.[129] Old North Dayton also has a number of Catholic churches built by immigrants from Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, and Germany.

Tourism

Tourism also accounts for one out of every 14 private sector jobs in the county. Tourism in the Dayton region is led by the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, the largest and oldest military aviation museum in the world.[130] The museum draws over 1.3 million visitors per year and is one of the most-visited tourist attractions in Ohio.[131][132] The museum houses the National Aviation Hall of Fame.

Other museums also play significant roles in the tourism and economy of the Dayton area. The Dayton Art Institute, a museum of fine arts, owns collections containing more than 20,000 objects spanning 5,000 years of art and archaeological history.[133] The Dayton Art Institute was rated one of the top 10 best art museums in the United States for children.[134] The Boonshoft Museum of Discovery is a children's museum of science with numerous exhibits, one of which includes an indoor zoo with nearly 100 different animals.[135]

There are also some notable historical museums in the region. The Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, operated by the National Park Service, commemorates the lives and achievements of Dayton natives Orville and Wilbur Wright and Paul Laurence Dunbar. The Wright brothers' famous Wright Flyer III aircraft is housed in a museum at Carillon Historical Park. Dayton is also home to America's Packard Museum, which contains many restored historical Packard vehicles.[136] SunWatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park, a partially reconstructed 12th-century prehistoric American Indian village, is on the south end of Dayton; it is organized around a central plaza dominated by wood posts forming an astronomical calendar. The park includes a museum where visitors can learn about the Indian history of the Miami Valley.[137]

Music & Entertainment

 
Thunderbirds at the 2009 Dayton Air Show

The Vectren Dayton Air Show is an annual air show that takes place at the Dayton International Airport. The Vectren Dayton Airshow is one of the largest air shows in the United States.[138]

The Dayton area is served by Five Rivers MetroParks, encompassing 14,161 acres (5,731 ha) over 23 facilities for year-round recreation, education, and conservation.[139] In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, the MetroParks maintains over 70 miles (113 km) of paved, multi-use scenic trails that connect Montgomery County with Greene, Miami, Warren, and Butler counties.[99][100]

Dayton was home to a thriving funk music scene from the 1970s to the early 1980s, that included bands such as Ohio Players, Roger Troutman & Zapp, Lakeside, Sun, Dayton, Heatwave, and Slave.[140]

From 1996 to 1998, Dayton hosted the National Folk Festival. Since then, the annual Cityfolk Festival has continued to bring folk, ethnic, and world music and arts to Dayton. The Five Rivers MetroParks also owns and operates the PNC Second Street Market near downtown Dayton.[141]

The Dayton area hosts several arenas and venues. South of Dayton in Kettering is the Fraze Pavilion, whose notable performances have included the Backstreet Boys, Boston, and Steve Miller Band.[142] South of downtown, on the banks of the Great Miami River, is the University of Dayton Arena, home venue for the University of Dayton Flyers basketball teams and the location of various other events and concerts.[143] It also hosts the Winter Guard International championships, at which hundreds of percussion and color guard ensembles from around the world compete.[144] In addition, the Dayton Amateur Radio Association hosts the annual Dayton Hamvention, North America's largest hamfest, at the Greene County Fairgrounds in nearby Xenia. The Nutter Center, which is just east of Dayton in the suburb of Fairborn, is the home arena for athletics of Wright State University and the former Dayton Bombers hockey team. This venue is used for many concerts, community events, and various national traveling shows and performances.[145]

The Oregon District is a historic residential and commercial district in southeast downtown Dayton. The district is populated with art galleries, specialty shops, pubs, nightclubs, and coffee houses.[146]

The city of Dayton is also host to yearly festivals, such as the Dayton Celtic Festival,[147] the Dayton Blues Festival, Dayton Music Fest, Urban Nights, Women in Jazz, the African American and Cultural Festival, and the Dayton Reggae Fest.[148]

Sports

The Dayton area is home to several minor league and semi pro teams, as well as NCAA Division I sports programs.

Baseball

The Dayton Dragons professional baseball team is a Class A minor league affiliate for the Cincinnati Reds. The Dayton Dragons are the first (and only) team in minor league baseball history to sell out an entire season before it began and was voted as one of the top 10 hottest tickets to get in all of professional sports by Sports Illustrated.[149] The Dayton Dragons 815 consecutive sellouts surpassed the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers for the longest sellout streak across all professional sports in the U.S.[41][150]

Collegiate

 
University of Dayton Arena during Dayton Flyers game

The University of Dayton and Wright State University both host NCAA basketball. The University of Dayton Arena has hosted more games in the NCAA men's basketball tournament over its history than any other venue.[151] UD Arena is also the site of the First Round games of the NCAA Tournament. In 2012, eight teams competed for the final four spots in the NCAA basketball tournament. Wright State University's NCAA men's basketball is the Wright State Raiders and the University of Dayton's NCAA men's basketball team is the Dayton Flyers.

Hockey

The Dayton Gems were a minor league ice hockey team in the International Hockey League from 1964 to 1977, 1979 to 1980, and most recently 2009 to 2012.

The Dayton Bombers were an ECHL ice hockey team from 1991 to 2009. They most recently played the North Division of the ECHL's American Conference. In June 2009, it was announced the Bombers would turn in their membership back to the league.[152]

Despite the folding of the Bombers, hockey remained in Dayton as the Dayton Gems of the International Hockey League were formed in the fall of 2009 at Hara Arena.[153] The Gems folded after the 2011–12 season. Shortly after the Gems folded, it was announced a new team, the Dayton Demonz, would begin play in 2012 in the Federal Hockey League (FHL). The Demonz folded in 2015 and were immediately replaced by the Dayton Demolition, also in the FHL. However, the Demolition would cease operations after only one season[154] when Hara Arena decided to close due to financial difficulties.[155]

Football

Dayton hosted the first American Professional Football Association game (precursor to the NFL). The game was played at Triangle Park between the Dayton Triangles and the Columbus Panhandles on October 3, 1920, and is considered one of the first professional football games ever played.[156] Football teams in the Dayton area include the Dayton Flyers and the Dayton Sharks.

Golf

The Dayton region is also known for the many golf courses and clubs that it hosts. The Miami Valley Golf Club, Moraine Country Club, NCR Country Club, and the Pipestone Golf Course are some of the more notable courses. Also, several PGA Championships have been held at area golf courses. The Miami Valley Golf Club hosted the 1957 PGA Championship, the Moraine Country Club hosted the 1945 PGA Championship, and the NCR Country club hosted the 1969 PGA Championship. Additionally, NCR CC hosted the 1986 U.S. Women's Open and the 2005 U.S. Senior Open. Other notable courses include the Yankee Trace Golf Club, the Beavercreek Golf Club, Dayton Meadowbrook Country Club, Sycamore Creek Country Club, Heatherwoode Golf Club, Community Golf Course, and Kitty Hawk Golf Course.[157]

Rugby

The city of Dayton is the home to the Dayton Area Rugby Club which hosts their home games at the Dayton Rugby Grounds. As of 2018, the club fields two men's and one women's side for Rugby Union and several Rugby Sevens sides. The club also hosts the annual Gem City 7's tournament.

Media

Main article: Media in Dayton, Ohio
 
Dayton Daily News building at 1611 S. Main St.

Newspapers

Dayton is served in print by The Dayton Daily News, the city's sole remaining daily newspaper. The Dayton Daily News is owned by Cox Enterprises. The Dayton region's main business newspaper is the Dayton Business Journal. The Dayton City Paper, a community paper focused on music, art, and independent thought ceased operation in 2018. The Dayton Weekly News has been published since 1993, providing news and information to Dayton's African-American community.

Magazines

There are numerous magazines produced in and for the Dayton region. The Dayton Magazine provides insight into arts, food, and events. Focus on Business is published by the Chamber of Commerce to provide awareness of companies and initiatives affecting the regional economy

Television

Nielsen Media Research ranked the 11-county Dayton television market as the No. 62 market in the United States.[158] The market is served by stations affiliated with major American networks including: WDTN, channel 2 – NBC, operated by Nexstar Media Group; WHIO-TV, channel 7 – CBS, operated by Cox Media Group; WPTD, channel 16 – PBS, operated by ThinkTV, which also operates WPTO, assigned to Oxford; WKEF, channel 22 – ABC/Fox, operated by Sinclair Broadcasting; WBDT, channel 26 – The CW, operated by Vaughan Media (a shell corporation of Nexstar), assigned to Springfield; WKOI-TV, channel 43 – Ion Television, assigned to Richmond, Indiana; and WRGT-TV, channel 45 – My Network TV, operated under a local marketing agreement by Sinclair Broadcasting. The nationally syndicated morning talk show The Daily Buzz originated from WBDT, the former ACME Communications property in Miamisburg, before moving to its current home in Florida.

Radio

Dayton is also served by 42 AM and FM radio stations directly, and numerous other stations are heard from elsewhere in southwest Ohio, which serve outlying suburbs and adjoining counties.[159]

Transportation

Public transit

 
Share of the City Railway Company (of Dayton, Ohio), issued 2 May 1899

The Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority (RTA) operates public bus routes in the Dayton metro area. In addition to routes covered by traditional diesel-powered buses, RTA has several electric trolley bus routes. The Dayton trolleybus system is the second longest-running of the five remaining trolleybus systems in the U.S., having entered service in 1933.[160] It is the present manifestation of an electric transit service that has operated continuously in Dayton since 1888.

Dayton operates a Greyhound Station which provides inter-city bus transportation to and from Dayton. The hub is in the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority North-West hub in Trotwood.[161]

Airports

 
Terminal building at Dayton International Airport

Dayton International Airport lies in a northern exclave of the city and offers service to 21 markets through 10 airlines. In 2008, it served 2.9 million passengers. The Dayton International Airport is also a significant regional air freight hub hosting FedEx Express, UPS Airlines, United States Postal Service, and major commercial freight carriers.[162]

The Dayton area also has several regional airports. The Dayton–Wright Brothers Airport is a general aviation airport owned by the City of Dayton 10 miles (16 km) south of the central business district of Dayton on Springboro Pike in Miami Township. It serves as the reliever airport for Dayton International Airport. The airport primarily serves corporate and personal aircraft users.[163] The Dahio Trotwood Airport, also known as Dayton-New Lebanon Airport, is a privately owned, public-use airport 7 miles (11 km) west of the central business district of Dayton.[164] The Moraine Airpark is a privately owned, public-use airport 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of the city of Dayton.[165]

Major highways

The Dayton region is primarily served by three interstates:

  • Interstate 75 runs north to south through the city of Dayton and many of Dayton's north and south suburbs, including Kettering and Centerville south of Dayton and Vandalia, Tipp City, and Troy north of Dayton.
  • Interstate 70 is a major east–west interstate that runs through many of Dayton's east and west suburbs, including Huber Heights, Butler Township, Englewood, and Brookville, and intersects with I-75 in Vandalia, Ohio, just north of the city. This intersection of I-70 and I-75 is also known as "Freedom Veterans Crossroads", which was officially named by the U.S. Department of Transportation in 2004.[166] I-70 is the major route to the airport.
  • Interstate 675 is a partial interstate ring on the southeastern and eastern suburbs of Dayton. It runs northeast to south and connects to I-70 to the northeast and I-75 to the south.

Other major routes for the region include:

From 2010 through 2017, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) performed a $533 million construction project to modify, reconstruct and widen I-75 through downtown Dayton, from Edwin C Moses Blvd. to Stanley Avenue.[167]

Rail

Dayton hosts several inter-modal freight railroad terminals. Two Class I railroads, CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway, operate switching yards in the city.[168]

Formerly the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad, and afterward, Amtrak made long-distance passenger train stops at Dayton Union Station on S. Sixth Street. The last train leaving there was the National Limited in October 1979.[169]

Education

Public schools

Dayton Public Schools operates 34 schools that serve 16,855 students,[170] including:

Private schools

The city of Dayton has more than 35 private schools within the city,[171] including:

Charter schools

Dayton has 33 charter schools.[172] Three of the top five charter schools named in 2011 are K–8 schools managed by National Heritage Academies.[173] Notable charter schools include:

Colleges and universities

 
St. Mary's Hall and the Immaculate Conception Chapel at the University of Dayton

The Dayton area was ranked tenth for higher education among metropolitan areas in the United States by Forbes in 2009.[174] The city is home to two major universities. The University of Dayton is a private, Catholic institution founded in 1850 by the Marianist order. It has the only American Bar Association (ABA)-approved law school in the Dayton area.[175] The University of Dayton is Ohio's largest private university and is also home to the University of Dayton Research Institute, which ranks third in the nation for sponsored materials research,[176] and the Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, which focuses on human tissue regeneration.[177]

The public Wright State University became a state university in 1967. Wright State University established the National Center for Medical Readiness, a national training program for disaster preparedness and relief. Wright State's Boonshoft School of Medicine is the Dayton area's only medical school and is a leader in biomedical research.[178]

Dayton is also home to Sinclair Community College, the largest community college at a single location in Ohio[179] and one of the nation's largest community colleges.[180] Sinclair is acclaimed as one of the country's best community colleges.[181] Sinclair was founded as the YMCA college in 1887.

Other schools just outside Dayton that shape the educational landscape are Antioch College and Antioch University, both in Yellow Springs, Central State University in Wilberforce, Kettering College of Medical Arts and School of Advertising Art in Kettering, DeVry University in Beavercreek, Cedarville University, Clark State Community College and Wittenberg University in Springfield. The Air Force Institute of Technology, which was founded in 1919 and serves as a graduate school for the United States Air Force, is at the nearby Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

Institutions

Crime

Dayton's crime declined between 2003 and 2008 in key categories according to FBI Uniform Crime Reports and Dayton Police Department data.[182] In 2009, crime continued to fall in the city of Dayton. Crime in the categories of forcible rape, aggravated assault, property crime, motor vehicle theft, robbery, burglary, theft and arson all showed declines for 2009. Overall, crime in Dayton dropped 40% over the previous year.[183] The Dayton Police Department reported a total of 39 murders in 2016, which marked a 39.3% increase in homicides from 2015.[184]

John Dillinger, a bank robber during the early 1930s, was captured and arrested by Dayton city police while visiting his girlfriend at a high-class boarding house in downtown Dayton.[185][186]

On August 4, 2019, a mass shooting took place in Dayton. Ten people were killed, including the perpetrator; and twenty-seven were injured.[187]

Sister cities

 
Dayton City Seal in sister city Holon, Israel (4th from the left)

Dayton's sisiter cities are:[188]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Dayton, Ohio

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ This is far less than the snowbelt regions of northeast Ohio due to distance from the Great Lakes and slightly less than the generally warmer Columbus.[53]
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ Official records for Dayton were kept at the Dayton COOP from June 1893 to 9 July 1911, alternating between the Weather Bureau Office and Miami Conservancy District from 10 July 1911 to December 1947, and at Dayton Int'l since January 1948. For more information, see Threadex
  4. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  5. ^ The station location is 39°45′49″N 84°11′29″W / 39.7636°N 84.1915°W / 39.7636; -84.1915, less than 100 m (330 ft) from the banks of the Miami River.

References

  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  2. ^ . USPS. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  3. ^ . National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.[dead link]
  4. ^ "Dayton Annexed Land to Stop Merger". Dayton Daily News. May 11, 2016.
  5. ^ "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area". 2010 United States Census. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. April 14, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2011.[dead link]
  6. ^ Doug Page,"Dayton Region a Crucial Hub for Supply Chain Management", Dayton Daily News, 2009-12-21.
  7. ^ "Rep. Michael Turner, congressional delegation, say a shuttle in Ohio would be within a day's drive for 60 percent of Americans". PolitiFact.com. April 14, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
  8. ^ a b . Greater Dayton Area Hospital Association. May 25, 2009. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006.
  9. ^ "Economic Impact". Dayton Daily News. July 20, 2009.
  10. ^ . HealthGrades. January 26, 2011. Archived from the original on January 29, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
  11. ^ "DBJ top city hospital health care ranking". Dayton Business Journal. January 26, 2011.
  12. ^ a b . City of Dayton. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  13. ^ "Dayton Aviation History". Ohio History Central. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  14. ^ Sperling, Bert; Sander, Peter (May 7, 2007). Cities Ranked & Rated: More than 400 Metropolitan Areas Evaluated in the U.S. and Canada (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0470068649. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  15. ^ a b . Archived from the original on February 5, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  16. ^ a b "Site Selection ranking". Site Selection magazine. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
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Further reading

  • Conover, Charlotte Reeve. Dayton, Ohio : an intimate history (1995) online
  • Drury, Augustus Waldo. History of the City of Dayton and Montgomery County, Ohio (S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1909). online
  • Funk, Nellis R. A Pictorial History of the Great Dayton Flood, March 25, 26, 27, 1913 (1913) online; a primary source
  • Millsap, Adam. "How the Gem city lost its luster and how it can get it back: A case study of Dayton, Ohio." Mercatus Research Paper (2017). online
  • Pocock, Emil. "Popular Roots of Jacksonian Democracy: The Case of Dayton, Ohio, 1815-1830." Journal of the Early Republic 9.4 (1989): 489-515. online
  • Sealander, Judith. Grand Plans: Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio's Miami Valley, 1890-1929 (1988) on Dayton and surrounding region.
  • Sharts, Joseph W. Biography Of Dayton - An Economic Interpretation of Local History (1922) online
  • Walker, John T. "Socialism in Dayton, Ohio, 1912 to 1925: Its membership, organization, and demise." Labor History 26.3 (1985): 384-404.
  • Watras, Joseph. "The Racial Desegregation of Dayton, Ohio, Public Schools, 1966–2008." Ohio History 117.1 (2010): 93-107. online

External links

  • City website
  • Dayton Area Chamber of Commerce
  • Greater Dayton CVB

January 26, 2023
dayton, ohio, dayton, redirects, here, dayton, metropolitan, area, greater, dayton, other, uses, dayton, disambiguation, dayton, listen, sixth, largest, city, state, ohio, county, seat, montgomery, county, small, part, city, extends, into, greene, county, 2020. Dayton redirects here For the Dayton metropolitan area see Greater Dayton For other uses see Dayton disambiguation Dayton ˈ d eɪ t en listen is the sixth largest city in the U S state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County 3 A small part of the city extends into Greene County 4 The 2020 U S census estimate put the city population at 137 644 while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 814 049 residents The Combined Statistical Area CSA was 1 086 512 This makes Dayton the fourth largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 73rd in the United States 5 Dayton is within Ohio s Miami Valley region 50 miles 80 km north of the Greater Cincinnati area Dayton OhioCityFlagSealNickname s The Gem City Birthplace of AviationLocation in Montgomery County and the state of Ohio Coordinates 39 45 34 N 84 11 30 W 39 75944 N 84 19167 W 39 75944 84 19167 Coordinates 39 45 34 N 84 11 30 W 39 75944 N 84 19167 W 39 75944 84 19167CountryUnited StatesStateOhioCountyMontgomeryFounded1796 1841 city Named forJonathan DaytonGovernment MayorJeff Mims D Area 1 City56 96 sq mi 147 52 km2 Land55 81 sq mi 144 54 km2 Water1 15 sq mi 2 99 km2 Elevation738 ft 225 m Population 2020 City137 644 Density2 466 47 sq mi 952 31 km2 Urban674 046 US 64th Urban density2 107 1 sq mi 813 6 km2 Metro814 049 US 73rd Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP CodesZIP codes 2 45400 45406 45409 45410 45412 45417 45419 45420 45422 45424 45426 45428 45435 45437 45439 45441 45448 45449 45458 45459 45469 45470 45475 45479 45481 45482 45490Area codes937 326FIPS code39113GNIS feature ID1064514Primary airportDayton International AirportWebsitedaytonohio govOhio s borders are within 500 miles 800 km of roughly 60 percent of the country s population and manufacturing infrastructure making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers suppliers and shippers 6 7 Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial aeronautical and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community With the decline of heavy manufacturing Dayton s businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors Along with defense and aerospace healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area s economy Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32 000 and a yearly economic impact of 6 8 billion 8 It is estimated that Premier Health Partners a hospital network contributes more than 2 billion a year to the region through operating employment and capital expenditures 9 In 2011 Dayton was rated the 3 city in the nation by HealthGrades for excellence in healthcare 10 11 Dayton is also noted for its association with aviation the city is the birthplace of Orville Wright Other well known individuals born in the city include poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and entrepreneur John H Patterson Dayton is also known for its many patents inventions and inventors 12 most notably the Wright brothers invention of powered flight 13 In 2007 Dayton was a part of the top 100 cities in America 14 In 2008 2009 and 2010 Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the 1 mid sized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development 15 16 17 Also in 2010 Dayton was named one of the best places in the United States for college graduates to find a job 18 19 Contents 1 History 1 1 Innovation 1 2 Birthplace of Aviation 1 3 The Dayton Flood 1 4 The war effort 1 5 Post War Dayton 1 6 Peace accords 1 7 2000s initiatives 1 8 Nickname 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Ecology 3 Demographics 3 1 2010 census 3 2 2013 census population estimates 4 Economy 4 1 Research development aerospace and aviation 4 2 Healthcare 4 3 Top employers 5 Government 6 Cityscape 6 1 Architecture 6 2 Neighborhoods 6 3 Suburbs 7 Recreation 7 1 Bicycling 8 Culture 8 1 Fine arts 8 2 Food 8 3 Religion 9 Tourism 9 1 Music amp Entertainment 9 2 Sports 9 2 1 Baseball 9 2 2 Collegiate 9 2 3 Hockey 9 2 4 Football 9 2 5 Golf 9 2 6 Rugby 10 Media 10 1 Newspapers 10 2 Magazines 10 3 Television 10 4 Radio 11 Transportation 11 1 Public transit 11 2 Airports 11 3 Major highways 11 4 Rail 12 Education 12 1 Public schools 12 2 Private schools 12 3 Charter schools 12 4 Colleges and universities 12 5 Institutions 13 Crime 14 Sister cities 15 Notable people 16 See also 17 Explanatory notes 18 References 19 Further reading 20 External linksHistory EditDayton was founded on April 1 1796 by 12 settlers known as the Thompson Party They traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St Clair Street where they found two small camps of Native Americans Among the Thompson Party was Benjamin Van Cleve 20 whose memoirs provide insights into the Ohio Valley s history Two other groups traveling overland arrived several days later 21 The oldest surviving building is Newcom Tavern which was used for various purposes including housing Dayton s first church which is still in existence 22 In 1797 Daniel C Cooper laid out Mad River Road the first overland connection between Cincinnati and Dayton opening the Mad River Country to settlement Ohio was admitted into the Union in 1803 and the village of Dayton was incorporated in 1805 and chartered as a city in 1841 The city was named after Jonathan Dayton a captain in the American Revolutionary War who signed the U S Constitution and owned a significant amount of land in the area 23 In 1827 construction on the Dayton Cincinnati canal began which would provide a better way to transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati and contribute significantly to Dayton s economic growth during the 1800s 23 Innovation Edit Dayton in 1870 Innovation led to business growth in the region In 1884 John Henry Patterson acquired James Ritty s National Manufacturing Company along with his cash register patents and formed the National Cash Register Company NCR The company manufactured the first mechanical cash registers and played a crucial role in the shaping of Dayton s reputation as an epicenter for manufacturing in the early 1900s In 1906 Charles F Kettering a leading engineer at the company helped develop the first electric cash register which propelled NCR into the national spotlight 24 NCR also helped develop the US Navy Bombe a code breaking machine that helped crack the Enigma machine cipher during World War II 25 Dayton has been the home for many patents and inventions since the 1870s 12 26 According to the National Park Service citing information from the U S Patent Office Dayton had granted more patents per capita than any other U S city in 1890 and ranked fifth in the nation as early as 1870 27 The Wright brothers inventors of the airplane and Charles F Kettering world renowned for his numerous inventions hailed from Dayton 28 The city was also home to James Ritty s Incorruptible Cashier the first mechanical cash register and Arthur E Morgan s hydraulic jump a flood prevention mechanism that helped pioneer hydraulic engineering 29 30 Paul Laurence Dunbar an African American poet and novelist penned his most famous works in the late 19th century and became an integral part of the city s history 31 Birthplace of Aviation Edit Powered aviation began in Dayton Orville and Wilbur Wright were the first to construct and demonstrate powered flight Although the first flight was in Kitty Hawk North Carolina their Wright Flyer was built in and returned to Dayton for improvements and further flights at Huffman Field a cow pasture eight miles 13 km northeast of Dayton near the current Wright Patterson Air Force Base When the government tried to move development to Langley field in southern Virginia six Dayton businessmen including Edward A Deeds formed the Dayton Wright Airplane Company in Moraine and established a flying field Deeds also opened a field to the north in the flood plain of the Great Miami River between the confluences of that river the Stillwater River and the Mad River near downtown Dayton Later named McCook Field for Alexander McDowell McCook an American Civil War general this became the Army Signal Corps primary aviation research and training location Wilbur Wright also purchased land near Huffman prairie to continue their research During World War I the Army purchased 40 acres adjacent to Huffman Prairie for the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot As airplanes developed more capability they needed more runway space than McCook could offer and a new location was sought The Patterson family formed the Dayton Air Service Committee Inc which held a campaign that raised 425 000 in two days and purchased 4 520 47 acres 18 2937 km2 northeast of Dayton including Wilbur Wright Field and the Huffman Prairie Flying Field Wright Field was formally dedicated on 12 October 1927 After World War II Wright Field and the adjacent Patterson Field Dayton Army Air Field and Clinton Army Air Field were merged as the Headquarters Air Force Technical Base On 13 January 1948 the facility was renamed Wright Patterson Air Force Base The Dayton Flood Edit A catastrophic flood in March 1913 known as the Great Dayton Flood led to the creation of the Miami Conservancy District a series of dams as well as hydraulic pumps installed around Dayton in 1914 32 The war effort Edit Like other cities across the country Dayton was heavily involved in the war effort during World War II Several locations around the city hosted the Dayton Project a branch of the larger Manhattan Project to develop polonium triggers used in early atomic bombs 33 The war efforts led to a manufacturing boom throughout the city including high demand for housing and other services At one point emergency housing was put into place due to a housing shortage in the region much of which is still in use today 34 Alan Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence He visited the National Cash Register NCR company in Dayton in December 1942 He was able to show that it was not necessary to build 336 Bombes so the initial order was scaled down to 96 machines to decipher German Enigma machine encrypted secret messages during World War II 35 Post War Dayton Edit Between the 1940s and the 1970s the city saw significant growth in suburban areas from population migration Veterans were returning from military service in large numbers seeking industrial and manufacturing jobs a part of the local industry that was expanding rapidly Advancements in architecture also contributed to the suburban boom New modernized shopping centers and the Interstate Highway System allowed workers to commute greater distances and families to live further from the downtown area More than 127 000 homes were built in Montgomery County during the 1950s 36 During this time the city was the site of several race riots including one in 1955 following the murder of Emmett Till the 1966 Dayton race riot two in 1967 following a speech by civil rights activist H Rap Brown and another following the police killing of an African American man and one in 1968 as part of the nationwide King assassination riots 37 Since the 1980s however Dayton s population has declined mainly due to the loss of manufacturing jobs and decentralization of metropolitan areas as well as the national housing crisis that began in 2008 38 While much of the state has suffered for similar reasons the impact on Dayton has been greater than most Dayton had the third greatest percentage loss of population in the state since the 1980s behind Cleveland and Youngstown 38 Despite this Dayton has begun diversifying its workforce from manufacturing into other growing sectors such as healthcare and education 39 Peace accords Edit Main article Dayton Agreement In 1995 the Dayton Agreement a peace accord between the parties to the hostilities of the conflict in Bosnia Herzegovina and the former Yugoslavia was negotiated at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Fairborn Ohio from November 1 to 21 Richard Holbrooke wrote about these events in his memoirs There was also a real Dayton out there a charming Ohio city famous as the birthplace of the Wright brothers Its citizens energized us from the outset Unlike the population of say New York City Geneva or Washington which would scarcely notice another conference Daytonians were proud to be part of history Large signs at the commercial airport hailed Dayton as the temporary center of international peace The local newspapers and television stations covered the story from every angle drawing the people deeper into the proceedings When we ventured into a restaurant or a shopping center downtown people crowded around saying that they were praying for us Warren Christopher was given at least one standing ovation in a restaurant Families on the airbase placed candles of peace in their front windows and people gathered in peace vigils outside the base One day they formed a peace chain although it was not large enough to surround the sprawling eight thousand acre base Ohio s famous ethnic diversity was on display 40 2000s initiatives Edit Downtown expansion that began in the 2000s has helped revitalize the city and encourage growth Day Air Ballpark home of the Dayton Dragons was built in 2000 The highly successful minor league baseball team has been an integral part of Dayton s culture 41 In 2001 the city s public park system Five Rivers MetroParks built RiverScape MetroPark an outdoor entertainment venue that attracts more than 400 000 visitors each year 42 A new performance arts theater the Schuster Center opened in 2003 43 A large health network in the region Premier Health Partners expanded its Miami Valley Hospital with a 12 story tower addition 44 In 2010 the Downtown Dayton Partnership in cooperation with the City of Dayton and community leaders introduced the Greater Downtown Dayton Plan It focuses on job creation and retention infrastructure improvements housing recreation and collaboration The plan is to be implemented through the year 2020 45 Nickname Edit A photograph of the Miami and Erie Canal from Geography of Ohio 1923 Dayton is known as the Gem City The nickname s origin is uncertain but several theories exist In the early 19th century a well known racehorse named Gem hailed from Dayton In 1845 an article published in the Cincinnati Daily Chronicle by an author known as T stated In a small bend of the Great Miami River with canals on the east and south it can be fairly said without infringing on the rights of others that Dayton is the gem of all our interior towns It possesses wealth refinement enterprise and a beautiful country beautifully developed 46 In the late 1840s Major William D Bickham of the Dayton Journal began a campaign to nickname Dayton the Gem City The name was adopted by the city s Board of Trade several years later 46 Paul Laurence Dunbar referred to the nickname in his poem Toast to Dayton as noted in the following excerpt She shall ever claim our duty For she shines the brightest gem That has ever decked with beauty Dear Ohio s diadem 47 Dayton also plays a role in a nickname given to the state of Ohio Birthplace of Aviation Dayton is the hometown of the Wright brothers aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the first practical airplane in history After their first manned flights in Kitty Hawk North Carolina which they had chosen due to its ideal weather and climate conditions the Wrights returned to Dayton and continued testing at nearby Huffman Prairie 48 Additionally Dayton is colloquially referred to as Little Detroit 49 This nickname comes from Dayton s prominence as a Midwestern manufacturing center 50 Geography EditAccording to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 56 50 square miles 146 33 km2 of which 55 65 square miles 144 13 km2 is land and 0 85 square miles 2 20 km2 is water 51 Climate Edit Dayton s climate features warm muggy summers and cold dry winters and is classified as a humid continental climate Koppen Dfa Unless otherwise noted all normal figures quoted within the text below are from the official climatology station Dayton International Airport at an elevation of 1 000 ft 304 8 m about 10 mi 16 km to the north of downtown Dayton which lies within the valley of the Miami River thus temperatures there are typically cooler than in downtown 52 At the airport monthly mean temperatures range from 27 5 F 2 5 C in January to 74 1 F 23 4 C in July The highest temperature ever recorded in Dayton was 108 F 42 C on July 22 1901 and the coldest was 28 F 33 C on February 13 during the Great Blizzard of 1899 On average there are 14 days of 90 F 32 C highs and 4 5 nights of sub 0 F 18 C lows annually Snow is moderate with a normal seasonal accumulation of 23 3 in 59 cm a usually occurring from November to March occasionally April and rarely October Precipitation averages 41 1 inches 1 040 mm annually with total rainfall peaking in May Dayton is subject to severe weather typical of the Midwestern United States Tornadoes are possible from the spring to the fall Floods blizzards and severe thunderstorms can also occur On Memorial Day of 2019 Dayton suffered extensive property damage and one death during a tornado outbreak in which a total of 15 tornadoes touched down in the Dayton area 54 Although some of the tornadoes were only EF0 and remained on the ground for less than a mile one was an EF4 measuring a half mile wide 805 meters which tore through the communities of Brookville Trotwood Dayton and Riverside 55 56 Several streets were closed including portions of I 75 and North Dixie Street 64 000 residents lost power and much of the region s water supply was cut off 57 54 Climate data for Dayton Ohio Dayton International Airport 1991 2020 normals b extremes 1893 present c Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 75 24 76 24 87 31 90 32 98 37 102 39 108 42 103 39 102 39 94 34 79 26 72 22 108 42 Mean maximum F C 58 6 14 8 63 0 17 2 71 9 22 2 80 4 26 9 86 6 30 3 91 9 33 3 92 7 33 7 91 8 33 2 89 4 31 9 82 3 27 9 69 7 20 9 61 3 16 3 94 1 34 5 Average high F C 37 1 2 8 41 2 5 1 51 5 10 8 64 5 18 1 74 2 23 4 82 6 28 1 85 9 29 9 84 6 29 2 78 6 25 9 66 2 19 0 52 7 11 5 41 5 5 3 63 4 17 4 Daily mean F C 29 4 1 4 32 8 0 4 42 1 5 6 53 7 12 1 64 0 17 8 72 7 22 6 76 0 24 4 74 5 23 6 67 7 19 8 56 0 13 3 44 1 6 7 34 3 1 3 53 9 12 2 Average low F C 21 8 5 7 24 5 4 2 32 7 0 4 42 9 6 1 53 8 12 1 62 7 17 1 66 1 18 9 64 3 17 9 56 8 13 8 45 9 7 7 35 4 1 9 27 1 2 7 44 5 6 9 Mean minimum F C 1 7 18 7 4 0 15 6 13 4 10 3 25 2 3 8 37 4 3 0 48 7 9 3 53 9 12 2 52 1 11 2 41 9 5 5 30 2 1 0 19 4 7 0 7 4 13 7 4 6 20 3 Record low F C 25 32 28 33 7 22 15 9 26 3 40 4 44 7 40 4 30 1 18 8 2 19 20 29 28 33 Average precipitation inches mm 3 08 78 2 35 60 3 50 89 4 46 113 4 51 115 4 14 105 3 95 100 2 96 75 3 31 84 2 95 75 3 07 78 3 05 77 41 33 1 050 Average snowfall inches cm 8 3 21 6 6 17 3 9 9 9 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 0 8 2 0 4 8 12 25 0 64 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 13 4 11 3 12 1 13 0 14 1 11 9 10 6 8 1 8 6 9 5 9 9 11 8 134 3Average snowy days 0 1 in 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 4 9 24 5Average relative humidity 72 7 72 0 69 5 64 2 65 1 66 0 68 8 71 5 71 9 69 3 73 3 75 8 70 0Mean monthly sunshine hours 134 0 136 6 178 4 213 2 263 1 293 7 296 2 277 4 237 6 192 9 115 7 99 9 2 438 7Percent possible sunshine 45 46 48 54 59 65 65 65 64 56 39 34 55Source NOAA relative humidity and sun 1961 1990 53 58 59 Climate data for Dayton Ohio Miami Conservancy District downtown 1991 2020 normals d extremes 1893 present e Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 75 24 77 25 88 31 90 32 98 37 103 39 108 42 105 41 102 39 93 34 81 27 72 22 108 42 Mean maximum F C 60 8 16 0 65 8 18 8 74 9 23 8 83 7 28 7 90 5 32 5 95 5 35 3 96 9 36 1 95 9 35 5 93 1 33 9 85 0 29 4 72 1 22 3 63 4 17 4 98 0 36 7 Average high F C 36 3 2 4 40 2 4 6 50 7 10 4 64 3 17 9 74 9 23 8 83 6 28 7 86 7 30 4 85 8 29 9 79 2 26 2 66 1 18 9 52 0 11 1 40 9 4 9 63 4 17 4 Daily mean F C 28 2 2 1 31 4 0 3 40 6 4 8 52 9 11 6 63 9 17 7 73 0 22 8 76 2 24 6 74 8 23 8 67 5 19 7 54 8 12 7 42 6 5 9 33 2 0 7 53 3 11 8 Average low F C 20 1 6 6 22 6 5 2 30 6 0 8 41 4 5 2 52 9 11 6 62 4 16 9 65 7 18 7 63 9 17 7 55 8 13 2 43 5 6 4 33 1 0 6 25 6 3 6 43 1 6 2 Mean minimum F C 1 7 16 8 7 2 13 8 15 2 9 3 27 5 2 5 39 2 4 0 51 0 10 6 57 0 13 9 55 5 13 1 44 5 6 9 31 9 0 1 21 8 5 7 10 6 11 9 0 7 18 2 Record low F C 21 29 28 33 0 18 15 9 28 2 37 3 45 7 37 3 29 2 18 8 0 18 16 27 28 33 Average precipitation inches mm 3 17 81 2 35 60 3 54 90 4 45 113 4 38 111 4 41 112 4 03 102 3 12 79 3 03 77 3 00 76 3 04 77 3 13 80 41 65 1 058 Average snowfall inches cm 6 9 18 1 5 3 8 1 7 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 2 1 5 3 12 3 31 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 12 2 10 1 11 4 13 0 13 5 12 1 10 0 8 3 8 0 9 3 9 5 11 0 128 4Average snowy days 0 1 in 4 1 2 3 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 9 7Source NOAA 53 60 Ecology Edit The Dayton Audubon Society is the National Audubon Society s local chapter The Dayton chapter manages local activities contributing to the annual hemisphere wide Christmas Bird Count 61 The Chapter began participation in the National Count in 1924 The local Count was initially coordinated by Ben Blincoe who was succeeded by Jim Hill in 1970 In the mid 1960s the freezing of Lake Erie and associated marshlands led species of waterfowl to appear in the Dayton area where surface waters remained unfrozen Nine varieties of birds have been observed every year in the Dayton area downy woodpecker Carolina chickadee tufted titmouse brown creeper cardinal junco tree sparrow song sparrow and crow 62 63 Demographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 1810383 18201 000161 1 18302 950195 0 18406 067105 7 185010 97780 9 186020 08182 9 187030 47351 8 188038 67826 9 189061 22058 3 190085 33339 4 1910116 57736 6 1920152 55930 9 1930200 98231 7 1940210 7184 8 1950243 87215 7 1960262 3327 6 1970243 601 7 1 1980193 536 20 6 1990182 044 5 9 2000166 179 8 7 2010141 759 14 7 2020137 644 2 9 United States Census BureauNote the following demographic information applies only to the city of Dayton proper For other Dayton area communities see their respective articles Dayton s population declined significantly from a peak of 262 332 residents in 1960 to only 141 759 in 2010 This was in part due to the slowdown of the region s manufacturing and the growth of Dayton s affluent suburbs including Oakwood Englewood Beavercreek Springboro Miamisburg Kettering and Centerville 64 The city s most populous ethnic group white declined from 78 1 in 1960 to 51 7 by 2010 65 Recent census estimates show a population decline since 2010 66 As of the 2000 census the median income for a household in the city was 27 523 and the median income for a family was 34 978 Males had a median income of 30 816 versus 24 937 for females The per capita income for the city was 34 724 About 18 2 of families and 23 0 of the population were below the poverty line including 32 0 of those under age 18 and 15 3 of those age 65 or over 2010 census Edit As of the 2010 census 67 there were 141 759 people 58 404 households and 31 064 families residing in the city The population density was 2 543 2 inhabitants per square mile 981 9 km2 There were 74 065 housing units at an average density of 1 330 9 per square mile 513 9 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 51 7 White 42 9 African American 0 3 Native American 0 9 Asian 1 3 from other races and 2 9 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3 0 of the population There were 58 404 households of which 28 3 had children under the age of 18 living with them 25 9 were married couples living together 21 4 had a female householder with no husband present 5 9 had a male householder with no wife present and 46 8 were non families 38 8 of all households were made up of individuals and 11 2 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 26 and the average family size was 3 03 The median age in the city was 34 4 years 22 9 of residents were under the age of 18 14 2 were between the ages of 18 and 24 25 3 were from 25 to 44 25 8 were from 45 to 64 and 11 8 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 48 7 male and 51 3 female 2013 census population estimates Edit The 2013 census population estimate showed a slight Dayton population increase for the first time in five decades 68 However the 2014 population estimate indicated a decrease of individuals from 2013 s estimate 69 Economy Edit C 5 Galaxy at Wright Patterson AFB Dayton s economy is relatively diversified and vital to the overall economy of the state of Ohio In 2008 and 2009 Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the 1 medium sized metropolitan area in the U S for economic development 15 16 Dayton is also among the top 100 metropolitan areas in both exports and export related jobs ranked 16 and 14 respectively by the Brookings Institution The 2010 report placed the value of exports at 4 7 billion and the number of export related jobs at 44 133 70 The Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area ranks 4th in Ohio s Gross Domestic Product with a 2008 industry total of 33 78 billion 71 Additionally Dayton ranks third among 11 major metropolitan areas in Ohio for exports to foreign countries 72 The Dayton Development Coalition is attempting to leverage the region s large water capacity estimated to be 1 5 trillion gallons of renewable water aquifers to attract new businesses 73 74 Moody s Investment Services revised Dayton s bond rating from A1 to the stronger rating of Aa2 as part of its global recalibration process Standard amp Poor s upgraded Dayton s rating from A to AA in the summer of 2009 75 Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Dayton in 2010 as one of the best places in the U S for college graduates looking for a job 18 19 Companies such as Reynolds and Reynolds CareSource DP amp L soon AES inc LexisNexis Kettering Health Network Premier Health Partners and Standard Register have their headquarters in Dayton It is also the former home of the Speedwell Motor Car Company MeadWestvaco formerly known as the Mead Paper Company and NCR NCR was headquartered in Dayton for over 125 years and was a major innovator in computer technology 76 Research development aerospace and aviation Edit Aerial view of Downtown Dayton NE to SW The Dayton region gave birth to aviation 77 and is known for its high concentration of aerospace and aviation technology In 2009 Governor Ted Strickland designated Dayton as Ohio s aerospace innovation hub the state s first such technology hub 78 Two major United States research and development organizations have leveraged Dayton s historical leadership in aviation and maintain their headquarters in the area The National Air and Space Intelligence Center NASIC and the Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL 79 Both have their headquarters at Wright Patterson Air Force Base 80 Kettering Tower Dayton s tallest high rise Several research organizations support NASIC AFRL and the Dayton community The Advanced Technical Intelligence Center is a confederation of government academic and industry partners The University of Dayton Research Institute UDRI is led by the University of Dayton The Cognitive Technologies Division CTD of Applied Research Associates Inc which carries out human centered research and design is headquartered in the Dayton suburb of Fairborn The city of Dayton has started Tech Town a development project to attract technology based firms and revitalize the downtown area Tech Town is home to the world s first RFID business incubator 81 The University of Dayton led Institute for Development amp Commercialization of Sensor Technologies IDCAST at TechTown is a center for remote sensing and sensing technology It is one of Dayton s technology business incubators housed in The Entrepreneurs Center building 82 Healthcare Edit Southeast tower at Miami Valley Hospital The Kettering Health Network and Premier Health Partners have a major role on the Dayton area s economy Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32 000 and a yearly economic impact of 6 8 billion 8 In addition several Dayton area hospitals consistently earn top national ranking and recognition including the U S News amp World Report s list of America s Best Hospitals as well as many of HealthGrades top ratings 83 The most notable hospitals are Miami Valley Hospital and Kettering Medical Center The Dayton region has several key institutes and centers for health care The Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton focuses on the science and development of human tissue regeneration The National Center for Medical Readiness NCMR is also in the Dayton area The center includes Calamityville which is a disaster training facility Over five years Calamityville is estimated to have a regional economic impact of 374 million 84 Also the Neurological Institute at Miami Valley Hospital is an institute focused on the diagnosis treatment and research of neurological disorders Top employers Edit According to the city s 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 85 the top employers in the city proper are Rank Employer Employees 2019 Employees 2018 Employees 2017 1 Premier Health Partners 12 425 12 138 13 8582 Kettering Health Network 9 319 8 909 8 4153 Montgomery County 4 284 4 366 4 3834 Dayton Children s Hospital 3 341 2 974 2 4675 Sinclair Community College 3 163 3 085 3 0946 CareSource 3 021 2 800 2 2007 University of Dayton 3 000 3 028 2 9648 Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2 425 2 403 2 2689 Dayton Public Schools 2 062 2 062 2 06210 City of Dayton 1 963 1 972 1 900Government EditMain article Politics of Dayton Ohio The Dayton City Commission is composed of the mayor and four city commissioners Each city commission member is elected at large on a non partisan basis for four year overlapping terms All policy items are decided by the city commission which is empowered by the City Charter to pass ordinances and resolutions adopt regulations and appoint the city manager The city manager is responsible for budgeting and implementing policies and initiatives Dayton was the first large American city to adopt the city manager form of municipal government in 1913 86 Cityscape Edit Panorama of Dayton Architecture Edit See also List of tallest buildings in Dayton and National Register of Historic Places listings in Dayton Ohio Unlike many Midwestern cities its age Dayton has very broad and straight downtown streets generally two or three full lanes in each direction that improved access to the downtown even after the automobile became popular The main reason for the broad streets was that Dayton was a marketing and shipping center from its beginning streets were broad to enable wagons drawn by teams of three to four pairs of oxen to turn around Also some of today s streets were once barge canals flanked by draw paths Liberty Tower A courthouse building was built in downtown Dayton in 1888 to supplement Dayton s original Neoclassical courthouse which still stands This second new courthouse has since been replaced with new facilities as well as a park The Old Court House has been a favored political campaign stop On September 17 1859 Abraham Lincoln delivered an address on its steps Eight other presidents have visited the courthouse either as presidents or during presidential campaigns Andrew Johnson James Garfield John F Kennedy Lyndon B Johnson Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton 87 The Dayton Arcade which opened on March 3 1904 was built in the hopes of replacing open air markets throughout the city Throughout the decades the Arcade has gone through many transformations but has retained its charm Some of its main features include a Flemish facade at the Third Street entrance a glass dome above the Arcade rotunda and a chateau roof line above the Third Street facade 88 The Dayton Arcade is currently under renovations with no official completion date set In 2009 the CareSource Management Group finished construction of a 55 million corporate headquarters in downtown Dayton The 300 000 square foot 28 000 m2 10 story building was downtown s first new office tower in more than a decade 89 Dayton s two tallest buildings are the Kettering Tower at 408 ft 124 m and the KeyBank Tower at 385 ft 117 m 90 Kettering Tower was originally Winters Tower the headquarters of Winters Bank The building was renamed after Virginia Kettering when Winters was merged into Bank One KeyBank Tower was known as the MeadWestvaco Tower before KeyBank gained naming rights to the building in 2008 91 Ted Rall said in 2015 that over the last five decades Dayton has been demolishing some of its architecturally significant buildings to reduce the city s rental vacancy rate and thus increase the occupancy rate 92 Neighborhoods Edit Dayton s ten historic neighborhoods Oregon District Wright Dunbar Dayton View Grafton Hill McPherson Town Webster Station Huffman Kenilworth St Anne s Hill and South Park feature mostly single family houses and mansions in the Neoclassical Jacobethan Tudor Revival English Gothic Chateauesque Craftsman Queen Anne Georgian Revival Colonial Revival Renaissance Revival Architecture Shingle Style Architecture Prairie Mission Revival Eastlake Italianate American Foursquare and Federal styles 93 Downtown Dayton is also a large area that encompasses several neighborhoods itself and has seen a recent uplift and revival Suburbs Edit Main article Greater Dayton Dayton s suburbs with a population of 10 000 or more include Beavercreek Centerville Clayton Englewood Fairborn Harrison Township Huber Heights Kettering Miami Township Miamisburg Oakwood Riverside Springboro Trotwood Vandalia Washington Township West Carrollton and Xenia In the federal government s National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970 funding was provided for thirteen new towns or planned cities throughout the country One location was set to become a suburb of Dayton and was known variously as Brookwood or Newfields 94 The goal was to have an entirely new suburb that would eventually house about 35 000 residents The new town was to be located between Trotwood and Brookville and modeled on the ideas of Ian McHarg The project was abandoned in 1978 and most of the land became Sycamore State Park 95 Recreation EditDayton was named National Geographic s outdoor adventure capital of the Midwest in 2019 due in large part to the metropolitan area s revitalized Five Rivers MetroPark extensive bicycle and jogging trail system urban green spaces lakes and camping areas 96 Bicycling Edit Dayton Regional Bike Trail Map 97 In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District Five Rivers MetroParks hosts 340 miles of paved trails the largest network of paved off street trails in the United States 98 99 100 The regional trail system represents over 35 of the 900 miles in Ohio s off street trail network 101 In 2010 the city of Troy was named bike friendly by the League of American Bicyclists which gave the city the organization s bronze designation 102 The honorable mention made Dayton one of two cities in Ohio to receive the award the other being Columbus and one of 15 cities nationwide 102 Culture EditFine arts Edit The Benjamin and Marian Schuster Performing Arts Center Interior view of main lobby and Wintergarden The Dayton Region ranked within the top 10 in the nation in arts and culture 103 In a 2012 readers poll by American Style magazine Dayton ranked 2 in the country among mid size cities as an arts destination ranking higher than larger cities such as Atlanta St Louis and Cincinnati 104 105 Dayton is the home of the Dayton Art Institute The Benjamin and Marian Schuster Performing Arts Center in downtown Dayton is a world class performing arts center and the home venue of the Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra Dayton Opera and the Dayton Ballet 106 In addition to philharmonic and opera performances the Schuster Center hosts concerts lectures and traveling Broadway shows and is a popular spot for weddings and other events 107 The historic Victoria Theatre in downtown Dayton hosts concerts traveling Broadway shows ballet a summertime classic film series and more The Loft Theatre also downtown is the home of the Human Race Theatre Company 108 The Dayton Playhouse in West Dayton is the site of numerous plays and theatrical productions 109 Between 1957 and 1995 the Kenley Players presented live theater productions in Dayton 110 111 In 2013 John Kenley was inducted into the Dayton Theatre Hall of Fame 112 Dayton is the home to several ballet companies including The Dayton Ballet one of the oldest professional dance companies in the United States 113 The Dayton Ballet runs the Dayton Ballet School the oldest dance school in Dayton and one of the oldest in the country 114 It is the only ballet school in the Miami Valley associated with a professional dance company 115 The Dayton Contemporary Dance Company established in 1968 which hosts the largest repertory of African American based contemporary dance in the world who The company travels nationally and internationally and has been recognized by critics worldwide who Front Street the largest artists collective in Dayton is housed in three industrial buildings on East Second Street 116 117 118 Food Edit Marion s Piazza The city s fine dining restaurants include The Pine Club a nationally known steakhouse 119 120 121 122 Dayton is home to a variety of pizza chains that have become woven into local culture the most notable of which are Cassano s and Marion s Piazza Notable Dayton based restaurant chains include Hot Head Burritos 123 In addition to restaurants the city is also home to Esther Price Candies 124 a candy and chocolate company and Mike sells the oldest potato chip company in the United States 125 The city began developing a reputation for its number of breweries and craft beer venues by the late 2010s 126 127 Religion Edit Historic Sacred Heart Church Many major religions are represented in Dayton Christianity is represented in Dayton by dozens of denominations and their respective churches 128 Notable Dayton churches include the First Lutheran Church Sacred Heart Church and Ginghamsburg Church Dayton s Muslim community is largely represented by the Islamic Society of Greater Dayton ISGD a Muslim community that includes a mosque on Josie Street Dayton is also home to the United Theological Seminary one of 13 seminaries affiliated with the United Methodist Church Judaism is represented by Temple Israel Hinduism is represented by the Hindu Temple of Dayton 129 Old North Dayton also has a number of Catholic churches built by immigrants from Lithuania Poland Hungary and Germany Tourism EditTourism also accounts for one out of every 14 private sector jobs in the county Tourism in the Dayton region is led by the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright Patterson Air Force Base the largest and oldest military aviation museum in the world 130 The museum draws over 1 3 million visitors per year and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Ohio 131 132 The museum houses the National Aviation Hall of Fame Other museums also play significant roles in the tourism and economy of the Dayton area The Dayton Art Institute a museum of fine arts owns collections containing more than 20 000 objects spanning 5 000 years of art and archaeological history 133 The Dayton Art Institute was rated one of the top 10 best art museums in the United States for children 134 The Boonshoft Museum of Discovery is a children s museum of science with numerous exhibits one of which includes an indoor zoo with nearly 100 different animals 135 There are also some notable historical museums in the region The Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park operated by the National Park Service commemorates the lives and achievements of Dayton natives Orville and Wilbur Wright and Paul Laurence Dunbar The Wright brothers famous Wright Flyer III aircraft is housed in a museum at Carillon Historical Park Dayton is also home to America s Packard Museum which contains many restored historical Packard vehicles 136 SunWatch Indian Village Archaeological Park a partially reconstructed 12th century prehistoric American Indian village is on the south end of Dayton it is organized around a central plaza dominated by wood posts forming an astronomical calendar The park includes a museum where visitors can learn about the Indian history of the Miami Valley 137 Music amp Entertainment Edit Thunderbirds at the 2009 Dayton Air Show The Vectren Dayton Air Show is an annual air show that takes place at the Dayton International Airport The Vectren Dayton Airshow is one of the largest air shows in the United States 138 The Dayton area is served by Five Rivers MetroParks encompassing 14 161 acres 5 731 ha over 23 facilities for year round recreation education and conservation 139 In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District the MetroParks maintains over 70 miles 113 km of paved multi use scenic trails that connect Montgomery County with Greene Miami Warren and Butler counties 99 100 Dayton was home to a thriving funk music scene from the 1970s to the early 1980s that included bands such as Ohio Players Roger Troutman amp Zapp Lakeside Sun Dayton Heatwave and Slave 140 From 1996 to 1998 Dayton hosted the National Folk Festival Since then the annual Cityfolk Festival has continued to bring folk ethnic and world music and arts to Dayton The Five Rivers MetroParks also owns and operates the PNC Second Street Market near downtown Dayton 141 The Dayton area hosts several arenas and venues South of Dayton in Kettering is the Fraze Pavilion whose notable performances have included the Backstreet Boys Boston and Steve Miller Band 142 South of downtown on the banks of the Great Miami River is the University of Dayton Arena home venue for the University of Dayton Flyers basketball teams and the location of various other events and concerts 143 It also hosts the Winter Guard International championships at which hundreds of percussion and color guard ensembles from around the world compete 144 In addition the Dayton Amateur Radio Association hosts the annual Dayton Hamvention North America s largest hamfest at the Greene County Fairgrounds in nearby Xenia The Nutter Center which is just east of Dayton in the suburb of Fairborn is the home arena for athletics of Wright State University and the former Dayton Bombers hockey team This venue is used for many concerts community events and various national traveling shows and performances 145 The Oregon District is a historic residential and commercial district in southeast downtown Dayton The district is populated with art galleries specialty shops pubs nightclubs and coffee houses 146 The city of Dayton is also host to yearly festivals such as the Dayton Celtic Festival 147 the Dayton Blues Festival Dayton Music Fest Urban Nights Women in Jazz the African American and Cultural Festival and the Dayton Reggae Fest 148 Sports Edit The Dayton area is home to several minor league and semi pro teams as well as NCAA Division I sports programs Club League Sport Venue EstablishedDayton Dragons Midwest League Baseball Day Air Ballpark 2000Gem City Roller Derby Women s Flat Track Derby Association Roller Derby Dayton Convention Center 2006Dayton Dutch Lions USL League Two Soccer DOC Stadium 2009Dayton Dynamo National Premier Soccer League Soccer Roger Glass Stadium 2015Dayton Flyers NCAA Division I multiple Welcome Stadium Football University of Dayton Arena Basketball Thomas J Frericks Center Volleyball Woerner Field Baseball 1903Wright State Raiders NCAA Division I multiple Ervin J Nutter Center Basketball Alumni Field Soccer Nischwitz Stadium Baseball 1968Dayton Area Rugby Club Midwest Division II Rugby UnionRugby Sevens Dayton Rugby Grounds 1969Baseball Edit The Dayton Dragons professional baseball team is a Class A minor league affiliate for the Cincinnati Reds The Dayton Dragons are the first and only team in minor league baseball history to sell out an entire season before it began and was voted as one of the top 10 hottest tickets to get in all of professional sports by Sports Illustrated 149 The Dayton Dragons 815 consecutive sellouts surpassed the NBA s Portland Trail Blazers for the longest sellout streak across all professional sports in the U S 41 150 Collegiate Edit University of Dayton Arena during Dayton Flyers game The University of Dayton and Wright State University both host NCAA basketball The University of Dayton Arena has hosted more games in the NCAA men s basketball tournament over its history than any other venue 151 UD Arena is also the site of the First Round games of the NCAA Tournament In 2012 eight teams competed for the final four spots in the NCAA basketball tournament Wright State University s NCAA men s basketball is the Wright State Raiders and the University of Dayton s NCAA men s basketball team is the Dayton Flyers Hockey Edit The Dayton Gems were a minor league ice hockey team in the International Hockey League from 1964 to 1977 1979 to 1980 and most recently 2009 to 2012 The Dayton Bombers were an ECHL ice hockey team from 1991 to 2009 They most recently played the North Division of the ECHL s American Conference In June 2009 it was announced the Bombers would turn in their membership back to the league 152 Despite the folding of the Bombers hockey remained in Dayton as the Dayton Gems of the International Hockey League were formed in the fall of 2009 at Hara Arena 153 The Gems folded after the 2011 12 season Shortly after the Gems folded it was announced a new team the Dayton Demonz would begin play in 2012 in the Federal Hockey League FHL The Demonz folded in 2015 and were immediately replaced by the Dayton Demolition also in the FHL However the Demolition would cease operations after only one season 154 when Hara Arena decided to close due to financial difficulties 155 Football Edit Dayton hosted the first American Professional Football Association game precursor to the NFL The game was played at Triangle Park between the Dayton Triangles and the Columbus Panhandles on October 3 1920 and is considered one of the first professional football games ever played 156 Football teams in the Dayton area include the Dayton Flyers and the Dayton Sharks Golf Edit The Dayton region is also known for the many golf courses and clubs that it hosts The Miami Valley Golf Club Moraine Country Club NCR Country Club and the Pipestone Golf Course are some of the more notable courses Also several PGA Championships have been held at area golf courses The Miami Valley Golf Club hosted the 1957 PGA Championship the Moraine Country Club hosted the 1945 PGA Championship and the NCR Country club hosted the 1969 PGA Championship Additionally NCR CC hosted the 1986 U S Women s Open and the 2005 U S Senior Open Other notable courses include the Yankee Trace Golf Club the Beavercreek Golf Club Dayton Meadowbrook Country Club Sycamore Creek Country Club Heatherwoode Golf Club Community Golf Course and Kitty Hawk Golf Course 157 Rugby Edit The city of Dayton is the home to the Dayton Area Rugby Club which hosts their home games at the Dayton Rugby Grounds As of 2018 the club fields two men s and one women s side for Rugby Union and several Rugby Sevens sides The club also hosts the annual Gem City 7 s tournament Media EditMain article Media in Dayton Ohio Dayton Daily News building at 1611 S Main St Newspapers Edit Dayton is served in print by The Dayton Daily News the city s sole remaining daily newspaper The Dayton Daily News is owned by Cox Enterprises The Dayton region s main business newspaper is the Dayton Business Journal The Dayton City Paper a community paper focused on music art and independent thought ceased operation in 2018 The Dayton Weekly News has been published since 1993 providing news and information to Dayton s African American community Magazines Edit There are numerous magazines produced in and for the Dayton region The Dayton Magazine provides insight into arts food and events Focus on Business is published by the Chamber of Commerce to provide awareness of companies and initiatives affecting the regional economy Television Edit Nielsen Media Research ranked the 11 county Dayton television market as the No 62 market in the United States 158 The market is served by stations affiliated with major American networks including WDTN channel 2 NBC operated by Nexstar Media Group WHIO TV channel 7 CBS operated by Cox Media Group WPTD channel 16 PBS operated by ThinkTV which also operates WPTO assigned to Oxford WKEF channel 22 ABC Fox operated by Sinclair Broadcasting WBDT channel 26 The CW operated by Vaughan Media a shell corporation of Nexstar assigned to Springfield WKOI TV channel 43 Ion Television assigned to Richmond Indiana and WRGT TV channel 45 My Network TV operated under a local marketing agreement by Sinclair Broadcasting The nationally syndicated morning talk show The Daily Buzz originated from WBDT the former ACME Communications property in Miamisburg before moving to its current home in Florida Radio Edit Dayton is also served by 42 AM and FM radio stations directly and numerous other stations are heard from elsewhere in southwest Ohio which serve outlying suburbs and adjoining counties 159 Transportation EditPublic transit Edit Share of the City Railway Company of Dayton Ohio issued 2 May 1899 The Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority RTA operates public bus routes in the Dayton metro area In addition to routes covered by traditional diesel powered buses RTA has several electric trolley bus routes The Dayton trolleybus system is the second longest running of the five remaining trolleybus systems in the U S having entered service in 1933 160 It is the present manifestation of an electric transit service that has operated continuously in Dayton since 1888 Dayton operates a Greyhound Station which provides inter city bus transportation to and from Dayton The hub is in the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority North West hub in Trotwood 161 Airports Edit Terminal building at Dayton International Airport Dayton International Airport lies in a northern exclave of the city and offers service to 21 markets through 10 airlines In 2008 it served 2 9 million passengers The Dayton International Airport is also a significant regional air freight hub hosting FedEx Express UPS Airlines United States Postal Service and major commercial freight carriers 162 The Dayton area also has several regional airports The Dayton Wright Brothers Airport is a general aviation airport owned by the City of Dayton 10 miles 16 km south of the central business district of Dayton on Springboro Pike in Miami Township It serves as the reliever airport for Dayton International Airport The airport primarily serves corporate and personal aircraft users 163 The Dahio Trotwood Airport also known as Dayton New Lebanon Airport is a privately owned public use airport 7 miles 11 km west of the central business district of Dayton 164 The Moraine Airpark is a privately owned public use airport 4 miles 6 4 km southwest of the city of Dayton 165 Major highways Edit The Dayton region is primarily served by three interstates Interstate 75 runs north to south through the city of Dayton and many of Dayton s north and south suburbs including Kettering and Centerville south of Dayton and Vandalia Tipp City and Troy north of Dayton Interstate 70 is a major east west interstate that runs through many of Dayton s east and west suburbs including Huber Heights Butler Township Englewood and Brookville and intersects with I 75 in Vandalia Ohio just north of the city This intersection of I 70 and I 75 is also known as Freedom Veterans Crossroads which was officially named by the U S Department of Transportation in 2004 166 I 70 is the major route to the airport Interstate 675 is a partial interstate ring on the southeastern and eastern suburbs of Dayton It runs northeast to south and connects to I 70 to the northeast and I 75 to the south Other major routes for the region include US 35 is a major limited access east west highway that bisects the city It is most widely used between Drexel and Xenia Route 40 is a major east west highway that runs parallel to and 2 miles north of I 70 State Route 4 is a freeway that is most heavily traveled between I 75 and I 70 State Route 444 is north south state highway Its southern terminus is at its interchange with Route 4 and its northern terminus is at Interstate 675 This limited access road serves Dayton and Fairborn and is a significant route to access points serving Wright Patterson Air Force Base From 2010 through 2017 the Ohio Department of Transportation ODOT performed a 533 million construction project to modify reconstruct and widen I 75 through downtown Dayton from Edwin C Moses Blvd to Stanley Avenue 167 Rail Edit Dayton hosts several inter modal freight railroad terminals Two Class I railroads CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway operate switching yards in the city 168 Formerly the Baltimore amp Ohio Railroad New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad and afterward Amtrak made long distance passenger train stops at Dayton Union Station on S Sixth Street The last train leaving there was the National Limited in October 1979 169 Education EditPublic schools Edit Dayton Public Schools operates 34 schools that serve 16 855 students 170 including Belmont High Meadowdale High Paul Laurence Dunbar High Ponitz Career Technology Center Stivers School for the Arts Thurgood Marshall HighPrivate schools Edit The city of Dayton has more than 35 private schools within the city 171 including Archbishop Alter High School Carroll High School Chaminade Julienne Catholic High School Dayton Christian School Dominion Academy of Dayton The Miami Valley School Spring Valley AcademyCharter schools Edit Dayton has 33 charter schools 172 Three of the top five charter schools named in 2011 are K 8 schools managed by National Heritage Academies 173 Notable charter schools include Dayton Early College Academy Emerson Academy North Dayton School of Discovery Pathway School of Discovery Richard Allen SchoolsColleges and universities Edit St Mary s Hall and the Immaculate Conception Chapel at the University of Dayton The Dayton area was ranked tenth for higher education among metropolitan areas in the United States by Forbes in 2009 174 The city is home to two major universities The University of Dayton is a private Catholic institution founded in 1850 by the Marianist order It has the only American Bar Association ABA approved law school in the Dayton area 175 The University of Dayton is Ohio s largest private university and is also home to the University of Dayton Research Institute which ranks third in the nation for sponsored materials research 176 and the Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton which focuses on human tissue regeneration 177 The public Wright State University became a state university in 1967 Wright State University established the National Center for Medical Readiness a national training program for disaster preparedness and relief Wright State s Boonshoft School of Medicine is the Dayton area s only medical school and is a leader in biomedical research 178 Dayton is also home to Sinclair Community College the largest community college at a single location in Ohio 179 and one of the nation s largest community colleges 180 Sinclair is acclaimed as one of the country s best community colleges 181 Sinclair was founded as the YMCA college in 1887 Other schools just outside Dayton that shape the educational landscape are Antioch College and Antioch University both in Yellow Springs Central State University in Wilberforce Kettering College of Medical Arts and School of Advertising Art in Kettering DeVry University in Beavercreek Cedarville University Clark State Community College and Wittenberg University in Springfield The Air Force Institute of Technology which was founded in 1919 and serves as a graduate school for the United States Air Force is at the nearby Wright Patterson Air Force Base Institutions Edit Boonshoft School of Medicine Dayton Art Institute Ohio Institute of Photography and Technology School of Advertising Art Wright State UniversityCrime EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information November 2015 Dayton s crime declined between 2003 and 2008 in key categories according to FBI Uniform Crime Reports and Dayton Police Department data 182 In 2009 crime continued to fall in the city of Dayton Crime in the categories of forcible rape aggravated assault property crime motor vehicle theft robbery burglary theft and arson all showed declines for 2009 Overall crime in Dayton dropped 40 over the previous year 183 The Dayton Police Department reported a total of 39 murders in 2016 which marked a 39 3 increase in homicides from 2015 184 John Dillinger a bank robber during the early 1930s was captured and arrested by Dayton city police while visiting his girlfriend at a high class boarding house in downtown Dayton 185 186 On August 4 2019 a mass shooting took place in Dayton Ten people were killed including the perpetrator and twenty seven were injured 187 Sister cities Edit Dayton City Seal in sister city Holon Israel 4th from the left Dayton s sisiter cities are 188 Augsburg Germany Holon Israel Monrovia Liberia Ōiso Japan Rushmoor England Sarajevo Bosnia and HerzegovinaNotable people EditMain article List of people from Dayton OhioSee also Edit Ohio portal Cities portal United States portalList of mayors of Dayton Ohio List of people from Dayton Ohio National Aviation Hall of Fame Politics of Dayton Ohio List of U S cities with large Black populationsExplanatory notes Edit This is far less than the snowbelt regions of northeast Ohio due to distance from the Great Lakes and slightly less than the generally warmer Columbus 53 Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Dayton were kept at the Dayton COOP from June 1893 to 9 July 1911 alternating between the Weather Bureau Office and Miami Conservancy District from 10 July 1911 to December 1947 and at Dayton Int l since January 1948 For more information see Threadex Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 The station location is 39 45 49 N 84 11 29 W 39 7636 N 84 1915 W 39 7636 84 1915 less than 100 m 330 ft from the banks of the Miami River References Edit ArcGIS REST Services Directory United States Census Bureau Retrieved September 20 2022 Zip Code Lookup USPS Archived from the original on November 4 2010 Retrieved December 2 2014 Find a County National Association of Counties Archived from the original on May 31 2011 Retrieved 2011 06 07 dead link Dayton Annexed Land to Stop Merger Dayton Daily News May 11 2016 Population and Housing Occupancy Status 2010 United States Metropolitan Statistical Area 2010 United States Census United States Census Bureau Population Division April 14 2011 Retrieved December 13 2011 dead link Doug Page Dayton Region a Crucial Hub for Supply Chain Management Dayton Daily News 2009 12 21 Rep Michael Turner congressional delegation say a shuttle in Ohio would be within a day s drive for 60 percent of Americans PolitiFact com April 14 2011 Retrieved December 13 2011 a b Dayton area hospitals Greater Dayton Area Hospital Association May 25 2009 Archived from the original on December 19 2006 Economic Impact Dayton Daily News July 20 2009 Distinguished Hospital Award for Clinical Excellence HealthGrades January 26 2011 Archived from the original on January 29 2011 Retrieved January 26 2011 DBJ top city hospital health care ranking Dayton Business Journal January 26 2011 a b Dayton Inventions City of Dayton Archived from the original on September 27 2011 Retrieved September 3 2011 Dayton Aviation History Ohio History Central Retrieved July 4 2009 Sperling Bert Sander Peter May 7 2007 Cities Ranked amp Rated More than 400 Metropolitan Areas Evaluated in the U S and Canada 2nd ed Wiley ISBN 978 0470068649 Retrieved October 13 2021 a b Site Selection ranking Archived from the original on February 5 2015 Retrieved July 29 2009 a b Site Selection ranking Site Selection magazine Retrieved March 3 2010 Site selection ranking 2010 PDF City of Dalton Archived from the original PDF on March 26 2010 Retrieved February 18 2010 a b DBJ city ranking Dayton Business Journal July 20 2010 Retrieved July 24 2010 a b Bloomberg Businessweek college graduate job ranking Dayton Daily News Retrieved July 21 2010 Robert W Steele and Mary Davies Steele 1896 Early Dayton W J Shuey p 23 Board of Education ed 1896 An Outline of the History of Dayton Ohio 1796 1896 W J Shuey Drake Jack December 24 1965 Historian Recalls Pioneer Days The Journal Herald p 13 Retrieved January 13 2022 a b Brief History of Dayton City of Dayton Archived from the original on November 12 2015 Retrieved August 22 2011 NCR history information Funding Universe Retrieved August 25 2011 NCR WWII Codebreaking machines The Archive Centre Archived from the original on September 28 2011 Retrieved August 25 2011 Fast facts and inventors Dayton Montgomery County amp Visitors Bureau Archived from the original on July 22 2011 Retrieved September 3 2011 What Dreams We Have National Park Service Archived from the original on May 23 2009 Retrieved March 9 2009 School of Law University of Dayton Page Retrieved March 4 2009 Wright Brother Information Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum Home Archived from the original on August 13 2015 Retrieved August 25 2011 Dayton Inventors River Walk Five Rivers MetroParks Archived from the original on February 2 2014 Retrieved January 28 2014 Ritchie William G Colonel Edward A Deeds An able man who made things work Dayton Innovation Legacy Retrieved January 28 2014 Paul Lawrence Dunbar Biography University of Dayton Archived from the original on August 16 2011 Retrieved August 25 2011 Flood Protection Miami Conservancy District Archived from the original on August 17 2011 Retrieved August 25 2011 The Dayton Project Atomic Heritage Archived from the original on March 15 2013 Retrieved August 25 2011 WWII Emergency Housing Daytonology Blogspot November 11 2008 Retrieved August 25 2011 copied content from https en wikipedia org wiki Bombe US Navy Bombe see that page s history for attribution Dayton Modern History PDF Ohio Historical Society Archived PDF from the original on March 31 2012 Retrieved August 25 2011 Sweigart Josh August 30 2016 Lasting Scars Part 2 Fifty years later Dayton remains segregated Dayton Daily News Archived from the original on February 17 2022 Retrieved February 26 2022 a b Posey Sean August 22 2013 Ohio s Cloudy Future The Decline of the Big Eight and the Buckeye State The Hampton Institute Archived from the original on August 22 2013 Retrieved January 30 2014 Stockdale Charles B July 4 2011 10 cities that will take a decade to recover from the recession Retrieved January 30 2014 Richard Holbrooke To End a War p 234 a b Dayton Dragons all time professional sellout streak MLB MLB Advanced Media Riverscape MetroPark project Dayton Daily News Retrieved August 25 2011 About the Schuster Center Schuster Center Archived from the original on February 8 2011 Retrieved August 25 2011 MVH new patient tower expansion Miami Valley Hospital Archived from the original on August 12 2011 Retrieved August 25 2011 The Greater Downtown Dayton Plan PDF Downtowndayton org Archived from the original PDF on March 28 2012 Retrieved March 12 2016 a b City of Dayton FAQ s Archived from the original on July 1 2007 Retrieved July 23 2007 Toast to Dayton Archived from the original on July 18 2013 Retrieved March 19 2013 The Wright Brothers Smithsonian Air and Space Museum Archived from the original on November 13 2011 Retrieved September 3 2011 Hannon B R April 21 1996 Little Detroit Dayton Daily News Dayton Ohio Gaffney Bill Outsourcing Facts Myths Realities John Hadley Associates John Hadley Associates Archived from the original on June 27 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 US Gazetteer files 2010 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on July 2 2012 Retrieved January 6 2013 Weather com historical temperature data for Dayton The Weather Channel Retrieved October 4 2007 a b c NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 a b 14th tornado confirmed in Memorial Day tornado outbreak WDTN News May 30 2019 Archived from the original on May 29 2019 Retrieved May 31 2019 15 tornadoes touched down Memorial Day Dayton Tornadoes www whio com June 13 2019 Retrieved February 26 2020 Dayton tornadoes New video shows EF4 twister in Harrison Twp www whio com June 10 2019 Retrieved February 26 2020 Romo Vanessa Chappell Bill May 28 2019 Multiple Tornadoes Touch Down In Dayton Ohio Catastrophic Damage Reported NPR org Retrieved May 28 2019 Station Datyton INTL AP OH U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 WMO Climate Normals for DAYTON INT L AP OH OH 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved March 11 2014 Station Dayton MCH OH U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 The Audubon s Christmas Bird Count netapp audubon org Retrieved March 11 2020 Robey Jim December 16 1990 Watch count be merry Ohio Outdoors Dayton Daily News Vol 114 no 98 Dayton Ohio Brad Tillson p 6 D Retrieved August 27 2018 Native Birds in Dayton Ohio joelsprotreeservice com Retrieved March 11 2020 permanent dead link Growth of Dayton s Suburbs Red Orbit June 30 2005 Retrieved April 22 2009 Dayton s Affluent Suburbs Red Orbit September 16 2011 Retrieved September 18 2011 Ohio Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on May 22 2014 Retrieved December 2 2014 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 6 2013 City of Dayton sees uptick in population Dayton Business Journal Retrieved February 14 2015 Annual Estimates of the Resident Population April 1 2010 to July 1 2014 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved June 24 2015 Brooking Institute Exports ratings Dayton Daily News July 26 2010 Retrieved July 26 2010 Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area Bea gov Archived from the original on May 23 2017 Retrieved March 12 2016 Exports from U S Metropolitan Areas April 27 2010 Archived from the original on April 19 2010 Dayton s underground aquifers Reuters July 29 2009 Archived from the original on September 11 2012 Dayton s underground aquifers from Get Midwest Dayton Development Coalition July 29 2009 Moody s Amends Dayton Bond Rating Under Global Scale System PDF City of Dayton April 27 2010 Archived from the original PDF on June 27 2014 Retrieved June 15 2010 dead link Ohio Lawmakers Question NCR Move June 4 2009 Archived from the original on October 5 2010 Retrieved June 15 2010 Dayton s Aviation Heritage Wpafb af mil April 27 2010 Retrieved March 12 2016 Aerospace technology hub of Ohio Dayton Daily News Retrieved September 14 2009 U S Air Force Fact Sheet Air Force Research Laboratory April 27 2010 Archived from the original on April 14 2010 National Air amp Space Intelligence Center April 27 2010 Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved April 27 2010 First RFID incubator PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 13 2010 Retrieved August 13 2009 Dayton Tech Town Retrieved April 28 2010 Dayton area hospital rankings May 25 2009 Air Force awards 2 7 million to support the National Center for Medical Readiness 2009 Archived from the original on July 22 2013 Retrieved December 11 2012 City of Dayton CAFR Fiscal year ended December 31 2019 daytonohio gov Retrieved December 31 2019 City Commission 1 Retrieved 2013 08 30 Dayton s Old Courthouse Archived from the original on May 26 2009 Retrieved March 15 2009 Part 1 1880 1913 arcade February 22 2019 Retrieved April 23 2020 CareSource Office Building Archived from the original on July 7 2007 Retrieved February 3 2009 Tallest buildings in Dayton skyscraperpage com Retrieved July 17 2007 KeyBank tower Dayton Daily News Retrieved March 15 2009 Rall Ted 2015 The Gutting of Dayton Why My City Is Gone Archived January 26 2015 at the Wayback Machine For decades cities like Dayton Ohio have been demolishing their architecturally significant buildings with abandon Now we know why Ted Rall cartoon Dayton Historic Neighborhoods Map Preservation Dayton News amp Events 2007 Archived from the original on April 21 2012 Retrieved August 26 2015 History of New Communities Program PDF GMU edu U S Department of Housing and Urban Development Retrieved April 15 2021 Urban Ohio Brookwood Newfields New Town June 8 2006 Starr Stephen August 22 2019 Visit America s newest adventure capital National Geographic Retrieved December 4 2019 Montgomery County Trails PDF Archived from the original PDF on July 24 2010 Retrieved June 14 2010 Paved Trails Five Rivers MetroParks Five Rivers MetroParks Retrieved December 18 2017 a b Regional Trails Retrieved May 20 2010 a b Recreation Trails Archived from the original on September 3 2010 Retrieved May 20 2010 Walk Bike Ohio Existing Conditions Summary Report BIKE 2020 pg 36 a b DDN League of American Bicyclists Award Dayton Daily News Retrieved May 19 2010 Art and Culture ranking Retrieved July 29 2009 Dayton Arts Number Two in Country Archived from the original on June 9 2012 2012 Top 25 Arts Destinations Archived from the original on August 21 2012 The Schuster Center Information Archived from the original on April 15 2009 Retrieved May 25 2009 dead link The Schuster Center Archived from the original on February 8 2011 Retrieved May 25 2009 The Victoria Theatre Archived from the original on April 7 2008 Retrieved May 25 2009 Dayton Playhouse Retrieved April 1 2009 The Kenley Players in Dayton KenleyPlayersHistory com Retrieved January 11 2016 Brown Tony October 29 2009 John Kenley legendary Ohio impresario dead at 103 Obituary Plain Dealer Retrieved January 11 2016 John Kenley Inducted into Dayton Theater Hall of Fame Daytonys org Archived from the original on February 5 2016 Retrieved January 11 2016 The Dayton Ballet Archived from the original on May 12 2009 Retrieved June 11 2009 A Dayton Artistic Legacy Dayton Performing Arts Alliance Archived from the original on January 15 2018 Retrieved January 15 2018 Dayton Ballet School Archived from the original on May 29 2009 Retrieved June 11 2009 Front Street Art Studios amp Galleries Retrieved April 7 2021 Front Street Dayton Ohio www daytonlocal com Retrieved April 8 2021 Ballengee Libby Front Street artists have big plans to bring art experience outdoors dayton Retrieved April 8 2021 Schuster Stefan Pine Club much the same since 1947 Dayton Daily News Retrieved July 26 2015 Stern Jane and Michael 2009 500 Things To Eat Before it s Too Late and the Very Best Places to Eat Them New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt p 328 The Pine Club hamburger may be the biggest flavored hamburger anywhere Fisher Mark July 7 2015 Food Network declares Pine Club 2 steakhouse in U S Dayton Daily News Retrieved July 27 2015 Top 5 Steaks in America Food Network Retrieved July 27 2015 Demeropolis Tom February 16 2009 Hot Head Burritos Retrieved April 3 2009 Our Rich Heritage Esther Price Candies Archived from the original on October 21 2017 Retrieved October 21 2017 Mike Sells information page Mike sells com Archived from the original on June 25 2009 Retrieved May 20 2014 Report Dayton among top beer cities in America Dayton Business Journal December 17 2019 Retrieved February 19 2020 Reynolds Jason March 19 2015 How Are All Dayton s Microbreweries Staying Afloat WYSO Curious Bellies Up To The Bar WYSO org Retrieved February 19 2020 Churches in Dayton Ohio Archived from the original on June 9 2010 Retrieved June 28 2010 Hindu Temple of Dayton Retrieved April 4 2013 Wright Patterson Air Force Base Archived from the original on December 22 2008 Retrieved December 27 2008 dead link Airfoce Museum Attendance Archived from the original on April 8 2009 Retrieved April 5 2009 dead link Airfoce Museum Tourist Attraction Dayton Daily News Retrieved May 24 2009 Dayton Art Institute Retrieved December 27 2008 Best Art Museum for Kids Retrieved April 1 2009 Boonshoft Museum of Discovery Retrieved April 1 2009 America s Packard Museum Archived from the original on July 24 2013 Retrieved August 7 2011 SunWatch Indian Village Retrieved March 15 2009 Vectren Dayton Air Show Archived from the original on February 9 2010 Retrieved July 18 2009 Conservation Efforts Retrieved May 20 2010 Funk Honorees Archives The Funk Music Hall of Fame amp Exhibition Center Retrieved June 2 2021 PNC Second Street Market Information Retrieved August 20 2010 Fraze Performances Archived from the original on January 24 2009 Retrieved July 18 2009 About UD Arena Archived from the original on June 12 2010 Retrieved June 15 2010 WGI World Championships Retrieved March 15 2009 The Nutter Center Retrieved July 18 2009 Oregon Arts District Archived from the original on April 10 2009 Retrieved April 3 2009 Dayton Celtic Festival Retrieved August 18 2010 Dayton Blues Festival Archived from the original on November 5 2011 Retrieved August 18 2010 Urban Nights Dayton Retrieved August 18 2010 Dayton African American Cultural Festival Archived from the original on July 4 2011 Retrieved August 18 2010 Dayton Reggae Festival Retrieved August 18 2010 The Dayton Dragons are Popular with the Fans Web minorleaguebaseball com Archived from the original on April 11 2011 Retrieved May 20 2014 Dayton Dragons all time professional sellout streak The Washington Post Archived from the original on December 24 2018 University of Dayton rich in NCAA tournament history Usatoday com March 22 2013 Retrieved on 2013 08 21 Dayton Daily News Juniewicz Debbie June 9 2009 Pro hockey returning to Hara Arena in October Dayton Daily News Cox Ohio Publishing Archived from the original on June 11 2009 Retrieved August 26 2015 Dayton Pro Hockey goes Dormant for 2016 17 season planning return for 2017 18 FHL July 13 2016 Hara Arena to close WHIO TV July 29 2016 Archived from the original on July 30 2016 Retrieved July 29 2016 Football Firsts Profootballhof com Retrieved May 20 2014 Dayton Golf Course Guide Retrieved July 12 2010 What People Watch Listen To and Buy Nielsen Nielsenmedia com Archived from the original on May 17 2006 Retrieved March 12 2016 DAYTON OH RadioStationWorld Retrieved on 2009 10 02 North American Trackless Trolley Association s DATA BOOK II 1979 pages 9 amp 10 of the All Time Operators List v4 Bus Stop Greyhound com Archived from the original on November 22 2008 Retrieved November 24 2012 Dayton International Airport Freight Operations Archived from the original on May 29 2011 Retrieved April 5 2009 Airport Information Overview Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved April 21 2009 Trotwood Dahio Airport Archived from the original on May 28 2010 Retrieved August 18 2010 Moraine Airpark Information Archived from the original on March 28 2010 Retrieved August 18 2010 Freedom Veterans Crossroads news release Retrieved March 26 2011 Interstate 75 modernization project Dayton Archived from the original on November 6 2018 Retrieved August 18 2010 Dayton s Rail Freight Information Retrieved April 21 2009 Ernest Holsendolph New York Times August 30 1979 Amtrak Eliminates 6 Passenger Routes Totalling 6 000 Miles https www nytimes com 1979 08 30 archives amtrak eliminates 6 passenger routes totaling 5000 miles trims made html Dayton City Schools Information Retrieved April 21 2009 Dayton Private Schools Information Archived from the original on May 17 2009 Retrieved April 21 2009 Dayton Charter Schools Information Dayton Daily News Retrieved June 16 2009 Top 5 Charter schools in the Dayton area Dayton Business Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Schiffman Betsy February 14 2003 Forbes metropolitan education rating Retrieved August 14 2009 School of Law University of Dayton Retrieved November 24 2012 Did You Know Section Retrieved November 21 2009 TREND Information Archived from the original on June 9 2010 Retrieved April 12 2010 Boonshoft School of Medicine research Retrieved August 8 2009 Sinclair largest community college Retrieved July 24 2009 Sinclair Community College Information Microsoft Retrieved April 21 2009 Greenhouse Steven August 15 2009 NY Times article Sinclair The New York Times Retrieved August 16 2009 Crime statistic show decline PDF Cityofdayton org Archived from the original PDF on January 15 2016 Retrieved March 12 2016 Dayton crime decline 2009 Dayton Daily News Archived from the original on May 31 2010 Retrieved May 25 2010 Levi Maytal January 9 2017 Dayton police chief lays out 2017 vision for department WDTN Retrieved January 15 2017 John Dillinger s arrest in Dayton July 25 2009 Archived from the original on August 7 2009 John Dillinger s arrest in Dayton cont Dayton Daily News July 25 2009 Archived from the original on March 29 2012 Retrieved July 25 2009 Williams Timothy Stockman Farah August 4 2019 Dayton Shooting Gunman Kills 9 in Entertainment District The New York Times Archived from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved August 4 2019 Welcome to the Dayton Sister City Committee The Dayton Sister City Committee Retrieved January 6 2022 Further reading EditConover Charlotte Reeve Dayton Ohio an intimate history 1995 onlineDrury Augustus Waldo History of the City of Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio S J Clarke Publishing Company 1909 online Funk Nellis R A Pictorial History of the Great Dayton Flood March 25 26 27 1913 1913 online a primary source Millsap Adam How the Gem city lost its luster and how it can get it back A case study of Dayton Ohio Mercatus Research Paper 2017 onlinePocock Emil Popular Roots of Jacksonian Democracy The Case of Dayton Ohio 1815 1830 Journal of the Early Republic 9 4 1989 489 515 onlineSealander Judith Grand Plans Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio s Miami Valley 1890 1929 1988 on Dayton and surrounding region Sharts Joseph W Biography Of Dayton An Economic Interpretation of Local History 1922 online Walker John T Socialism in Dayton Ohio 1912 to 1925 Its membership organization and demise Labor History 26 3 1985 384 404 Watras Joseph The Racial Desegregation of Dayton Ohio Public Schools 1966 2008 Ohio History 117 1 2010 93 107 onlineExternal links EditDayton Ohio at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity City website Dayton Area Chamber of Commerce Greater Dayton CVB Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dayton Ohio amp 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