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Mission Revival architecture

The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.[1]

Santa Barbara Station, built in 1902 in Santa Barbara, California, an example of a railroad depot in Mission Revival Style
San Gabriel Civic Auditorium (1927), San Gabriel, California

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.[2]

Influences

 
1797 Mission San Fernando Rey de España: View looking down an exterior arcade or corredor, an element frequently used in Mission Revival design.

All of the 21 Franciscan Alta California missions (established 1769–1823), including their chapels and support structures, shared certain design characteristics. These commonalities arose because the Franciscan missionaries all came from the same places of previous service in Spain and colonial Mexico City in New Spain. The New Spain religious buildings the founding Franciscan saw and emulated were of the Spanish Colonial style, which in turn was derived from Renaissance and Baroque examples in Spain. Also, the limited availability and variety of building materials besides adobe near mission sites or imported to Alta California limited design options. Finally, the missionaries and the indigenous Californians had minimal construction skills and experience with European designs.[3]

Characteristics

Originals

The missions' style of necessity and security evolved around an enclosed courtyard, using massive adobe walls with broad unadorned plaster surfaces, limited fenestration and door piercing, low-pitched roofs with projecting wide eaves and non-flammable clay roof tiles, and thick arches springing from piers. Exterior walls were coated with white plaster (stucco), which with wide side eaves shielded the adobe brick walls from rain. Other features included long exterior arcades, an enfilade of interior rooms and halls, semi-independent bell-gables, and at more prosperous missions curved 'Baroque' gables on the principal facade with towers.

Revival

These architectural elements were replicated, in varying degrees, accuracy, and proportions, in the new Mission Revival structures. Simultaneous with the original style's revival was an awareness in California of the actual missions fading into ruins and their restoration campaigns, and nostalgia in the quickly changing state for a 'simpler time' as the novel Ramona popularized at the time. Contemporary construction materials and practices, earthquake codes, and building uses render the structural and religious architectural components primarily aesthetic decoration, while the service elements such as tile roofing, solar shielding of walls and interiors, and outdoor shade arcades and courtyards are still functional.

The Mission Revival style of architecture, and subsequent Spanish Colonial Revival style, have historical, narrative—nostalgic, cultural—environmental associations, and climate appropriateness that have made for a predominant historical regional vernacular architecture style in the Southwestern United States, especially in California.

Examples

 
 
The William Morrison House, in Toledo, Ohio, designed in the Mission Revival style in 1906

The Mission Inn in Southern California is one of the largest extant Mission Revival Style buildings in the United States. Located in Riverside, it has been restored, with tours of the style's expression.[4]

Other structures designed in the Mission Revival Style include:

See also

References

  1. ^ Lacey, Stephen (2007-11-01). "Spanish mission style". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
  2. ^ Weitze, p. 14: "Railroad literature described the missions as 'Worthy a glance from the tourists [sic] eye,' with the Southern Pacific, from 1888 to 1890, publishing numerous pamphlets that included sections on the missions."
  3. ^ Castillo, Elias (November 8, 2004). "The dark, terrible secret of California's missions". SFGate. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  4. ^ http://www.riversideca.gov/historic/pdf/hpDistrictBrochureText.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  5. ^ Richard Melzer (2008). Fred Harvey Houses of the Southwest. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 37–40. ISBN 9780738556314.
  6. ^ "history". arrowheadsprings.org. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  7. ^ St. Petersburg Historic Preservation – Hotels
  8. ^ Big Orange-Lederer Residence
  9. ^ Big Orange—Canoga Mission Gallery
  10. ^ Jones 1991, p. 2
  11. ^ Jones 1991, p. 42
  12. ^ File:CSS&SB Depot, Beverly Shores, IN on January 27, 1964 (26558117333).jpg
  13. ^ "The School's History – Auckland Grammar School".

Further reading

  • Gustafson, Lee and Phil Serpico (1999). Santa Fe Coast Lines Depots: Los Angeles Division. Acanthus Press, Palmdale, CA. ISBN 0-88418-003-4.
  • Jones, R. (1991). The History of Villa Rockledge. Laguna Beach, CA: American National Research Institute.
  • Weitze, Karen J. (1984). California's Mission Revival. Hennessy & Ingalls, Inc., Los Angeles, CA. ISBN 0-912158-89-1.
  • Yenne, Bill (2004). The Missions of California. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 1-59223-319-8.

External links

  • Hewn and Hammered – dedicated to discussion of the American Arts & Crafts movement, and its Mission Revival component.

mission, revival, architecture, confused, with, contemporaneous, american, craftsman, movement, mission, style, furniture, mission, revival, style, part, architectural, movement, beginning, late, 19th, century, revival, reinterpretation, american, colonial, st. Not to be confused with contemporaneous American Craftsman movement Mission Style Furniture The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement beginning in the late 19th century for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival particularly when used elsewhere such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles In Australia the style is known as Spanish Mission 1 Santa Barbara Station built in 1902 in Santa Barbara California an example of a railroad depot in Mission Revival Style San Gabriel Civic Auditorium 1927 San Gabriel California The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915 in numerous residential commercial and institutional structures particularly schools and railroad depots 2 Contents 1 Influences 2 Characteristics 3 Examples 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksInfluences Edit 1797 Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana View looking down an exterior arcade or corredor an element frequently used in Mission Revival design All of the 21 Franciscan Alta California missions established 1769 1823 including their chapels and support structures shared certain design characteristics These commonalities arose because the Franciscan missionaries all came from the same places of previous service in Spain and colonial Mexico City in New Spain The New Spain religious buildings the founding Franciscan saw and emulated were of the Spanish Colonial style which in turn was derived from Renaissance and Baroque examples in Spain Also the limited availability and variety of building materials besides adobe near mission sites or imported to Alta California limited design options Finally the missionaries and the indigenous Californians had minimal construction skills and experience with European designs 3 Characteristics EditFurther information Architecture of the California missions OriginalsThe missions style of necessity and security evolved around an enclosed courtyard using massive adobe walls with broad unadorned plaster surfaces limited fenestration and door piercing low pitched roofs with projecting wide eaves and non flammable clay roof tiles and thick arches springing from piers Exterior walls were coated with white plaster stucco which with wide side eaves shielded the adobe brick walls from rain Other features included long exterior arcades an enfilade of interior rooms and halls semi independent bell gables and at more prosperous missions curved Baroque gables on the principal facade with towers RevivalThese architectural elements were replicated in varying degrees accuracy and proportions in the new Mission Revival structures Simultaneous with the original style s revival was an awareness in California of the actual missions fading into ruins and their restoration campaigns and nostalgia in the quickly changing state for a simpler time as the novel Ramona popularized at the time Contemporary construction materials and practices earthquake codes and building uses render the structural and religious architectural components primarily aesthetic decoration while the service elements such as tile roofing solar shielding of walls and interiors and outdoor shade arcades and courtyards are still functional The Mission Revival style of architecture and subsequent Spanish Colonial Revival style have historical narrative nostalgic cultural environmental associations and climate appropriateness that have made for a predominant historical regional vernacular architecture style in the Southwestern United States especially in California Examples Edit The Mission Inn entry portal in Riverside Southern California 1909 The Louis P and Clara K Best Residence and Auto House Davenport Iowa Arcade at Union Station in San Diego California The William Morrison House in Toledo Ohio designed in the Mission Revival style in 1906 The Mission Inn in Southern California is one of the largest extant Mission Revival Style buildings in the United States Located in Riverside it has been restored with tours of the style s expression 4 Other structures designed in the Mission Revival Style include Castaneda Hotel a Harvey House in Las Vegas New Mexico opened January 1 1899 The first Mission Revival style building in New Mexico architects Frederick Roehrig and A Reinsch 5 Santa Fe Depot Las Vegas New Mexico completed in 1899 Alvarado Hotel and Santa Fe Depot in Albuquerque New Mexico completed in 1902 Charles Frederick Whittlesey architect The hotel was demolished in 1970 and the depot burned down in 1993 The buildings have since been replaced by the Alvarado Transportation Center which is also in Mission style Arrowhead Springs Resort amp Hotel in San Bernardino Mountains Southern California 1939 mission moderne architect Paul Williams interiors Dorothy Draper 6 Brophy College Preparatory in Phoenix Arizona Ponce De Leon Hotel in St Petersburg Florida completed in 1922 7 Caliente Railroad Depot in Caliente Nevada completed in 1923 The Mary Louis Academy Chapel in Jamaica Estates New York completed in 1937 California Baptist University in Riverside California original school buildings built for Neighbors of Woodcraft completed in 1921 Davis Amtrak station in Davis California completed in 1914 Elizabeth Bard Memorial Hospital in Downtown Ventura California completed in 1902 Four Roses Distillery in Lawrenceburg Kentucky built in 1910 Francis Lederer estate and residence in West Hills Los Angeles completed 1936 8 Iao Theater in Wailuku Maui Hawaii built in 1928 Kelso Depot in Mojave Desert Mojave National Preserve California completed in 1923 for Union Pacific Railroad Lederer Stables Canoga Mission Gallery in West Hills Los Angeles completed in 1936 9 Los Angeles Herald Examiner Building Julia Morgan Downtown Los Angeles 1915 Los Angeles Union Station which combines Art Deco Mission Revival and Streamline Moderne styles Mission Inn in Riverside California completed in 1932 10 Santa Fe Railway Depot in San Juan Capistrano California completed in 1894 San Gabriel Mission Playhouse in San Gabriel California completed in 1927 Southern Pacific Railroad depot in Burlingame California completed in 1894 Santa Clara University in Santa Clara California Stanford University main quad in Stanford California Shepley Rutan and Coolidge completed in 1891 Texas A amp M University Kingsville in Kingsville Texas founded in 1925 with new construction reflecting the Mission Revival style Santa Fe Depot in San Diego California completed in 1915 Valdosta State University s Main Campus in Valdosta Georgia Villa Rockledge in Laguna Beach California completed in 1935 11 Louis P and Clara K Best Residence and Auto House Clausen amp Clausen Davenport Iowa constructed 1909 1910 Several buildings at Montclair State University in Montclair New Jersey the first being College Hall constructed in 1908 Several buildings at Queens College in Queens New York including the main administration building Jefferson Hall constructed in 1907 Eleven railroad stations built from 1926 1929 by architect Arthur Gerber in an adoptation referred to as Insull Spanish in the Chicago suburbs and two in Northwest Indiana The Beverly Shores Indiana station has been restored and is the best example 12 The Main Building at Auckland Grammar School in Auckland New Zealand built in 1916 was designed by Auckland architects Arnold and Abbott in the Spanish Mission style inspired by their travels in California 13 St Mark s Episcopal Church Berkeley California designed by William Curlett built 1902 among the first buildings built in the Mission Revival style in California Many Catholic churches in the southwestern United States also employ elements of this style See also EditSpanish Colonial architecture Spanish Colonial Revival architecture Mediterranean Revival architecture Irving Gill Pueblo Revival architecture Ranchos of California Mar del Plata style eclectic vernacular architecture from Argentina featuring some Mission Revival characteristicsReferences Edit Lacey Stephen 2007 11 01 Spanish mission style The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 2022 09 25 Weitze p 14 Railroad literature described the missions as Worthy a glance from the tourists sic eye with the Southern Pacific from 1888 to 1890 publishing numerous pamphlets that included sections on the missions Castillo Elias November 8 2004 The dark terrible secret of California s missions SFGate Retrieved October 30 2015 http www riversideca gov historic pdf hpDistrictBrochureText pdf bare URL PDF Richard Melzer 2008 Fred Harvey Houses of the Southwest Arcadia Publishing pp 37 40 ISBN 9780738556314 history arrowheadsprings org Retrieved May 11 2010 St Petersburg Historic Preservation Hotels Big Orange Lederer Residence Big Orange Canoga Mission Gallery Jones 1991 p 2 Jones 1991 p 42 File CSS amp SB Depot Beverly Shores IN on January 27 1964 26558117333 jpg The School s History Auckland Grammar School Further reading EditGustafson Lee and Phil Serpico 1999 Santa Fe Coast Lines Depots Los Angeles Division Acanthus Press Palmdale CA ISBN 0 88418 003 4 Jones R 1991 The History of Villa Rockledge Laguna Beach CA American National Research Institute Weitze Karen J 1984 California s Mission Revival Hennessy amp Ingalls Inc Los Angeles CA ISBN 0 912158 89 1 Yenne Bill 2004 The Missions of California Thunder Bay Press San Diego CA ISBN 1 59223 319 8 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission Revival Style architecture Northern Arizona University Mission Revival Style architectural examples gallery Hewn and Hammered dedicated to discussion of the American Arts amp Crafts movement and its Mission Revival component Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mission Revival architecture amp oldid 1141576762, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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