The United States census of 1880 conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880 was the tenth United States census.[1] It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators.[2] The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker.[3] This was the first census in which a city—New York City—recorded a population of over one million.
Five schedules were authorized by the 1880 Census Act, four of which were filled out by the enumerators:[4]
Schedule 1 (Population), which was similar to that used for the previous census, with a few exceptions.[5]
Schedule 2 (Mortality), which used the same inquiries as in 1870, and added inquiries to record marital status, birthplace of parents, length of residence in the United States or territory, and name of place where the disease was contracted, if other than place of death.
Schedule 3 (Agriculture), which greatly expanded inquiries concerning various crops (including acreage for principal crop), and included questions on farm tenure, weeks of hired labor, annual cost for fence building and repair, fertilizer purchases, and the number of livestock.
Schedule 5 (Manufacturing), which expanded to include information on the greatest number of hands employed at any time during the year, the number of hours in the ordinary work day from May to November and November to May, the average daily wages paid to skilled mechanics and laborers, months of full-and part-time operation, and machinery used.
Schedule 4 (Social statistics) was the responsibility of experts and special agents, rather than the enumerators.[4] The majority of the data came from correspondence with officials of institutions providing care and treatment of certain members of the population. Experts and special agents also were employed to collect data on valuation, taxation, and indebtedness; religion and libraries; colleges, academies, and schools; newspapers and periodicals, and wages.[4]
Special agents were also charged with collecting data on specific industries throughout the country, and included the manufactures of iron and steel; cotton, woolen, and worsted goods; silk and silk goods; chemical products and salt; coke and glass; shipbuilding; and all aspects of fisheries and mining, including the production of coal and petroleum.[4]
Full documentation for the 1880 population census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, which contains microdata.
Data availability
The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau; after which the original sheets were transferred to various state archives, libraries, or universities.[6] The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, along which digital indices.
^From Inkwell To Internet: 1880 from the U.S. Census Bureau
^Billings, John S. (1902). "Biographical Memoir of Francis Amasa Walker 1840–1897" (PDF). National Academy Press. (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Scanned images of Schedule 1 (both low-resolution and high-resolution) are available from Historical Forms and Questions: 1880 at the U.S. Census Bureau website
^Algonquin Area Public Library District. "Census Secrets" (PDF). Retrieved May 17, 2012.[permanent dead link]
^Resident Population of the United States from a State of Wyoming website
^Anderson, Margo J. (2015). The American Census, A Social History, 2nd ed. Yale. p. 102. "The final volumes of the 1880 census were published in 1888" thus 1880, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – eight years at least
^Tabulating machines [2] from an Early Office Museum website [3]
^1880 Census: Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States [4] (PDF)
^The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790.
^ abIn 1880, South Dakota and North Dakota together formed the Dakota Territory, and so the census reported their combined population of 135,177. 1880 Census: Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States [5] (PDF)
^Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
^. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
January 26, 2023
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The United States census of 1880 conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880 was the tenth United States census 1 It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators 2 The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker 3 This was the first census in which a city New York City recorded a population of over one million 1880 United States census 1870 June 1 1880 1880 06 01 1890 Seal of the United States Census BureauThomas Edison in the 1880 U S censusGeneral informationCountryUnited StatesResultsTotal population50 189 209 30 2 Most populous wbr stateNew York5 082 871Least populous wbr stateNevada62 266 Contents 1 Data collected 2 Data availability 3 Results 4 City rankings 5 ReferencesData collected EditFive schedules were authorized by the 1880 Census Act four of which were filled out by the enumerators 4 Schedule 1 Population which was similar to that used for the previous census with a few exceptions 5 Schedule 2 Mortality which used the same inquiries as in 1870 and added inquiries to record marital status birthplace of parents length of residence in the United States or territory and name of place where the disease was contracted if other than place of death Schedule 3 Agriculture which greatly expanded inquiries concerning various crops including acreage for principal crop and included questions on farm tenure weeks of hired labor annual cost for fence building and repair fertilizer purchases and the number of livestock Schedule 5 Manufacturing which expanded to include information on the greatest number of hands employed at any time during the year the number of hours in the ordinary work day from May to November and November to May the average daily wages paid to skilled mechanics and laborers months of full and part time operation and machinery used Schedule 4 Social statistics was the responsibility of experts and special agents rather than the enumerators 4 The majority of the data came from correspondence with officials of institutions providing care and treatment of certain members of the population Experts and special agents also were employed to collect data on valuation taxation and indebtedness religion and libraries colleges academies and schools newspapers and periodicals and wages 4 Special agents were also charged with collecting data on specific industries throughout the country and included the manufactures of iron and steel cotton woolen and worsted goods silk and silk goods chemical products and salt coke and glass shipbuilding and all aspects of fisheries and mining including the production of coal and petroleum 4 Full documentation for the 1880 population census including census forms and enumerator instructions is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series which contains microdata Data availability EditThe original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau after which the original sheets were transferred to various state archives libraries or universities 6 The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online along which digital indices Microdata from the 1880 population census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Aggregate data for small areas together with compatible cartographic boundary files can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System Results EditThe 1880 census determined the resident population of the United States to be 50 189 209 an increase of 30 2 percent over the 38 555 983 persons enumerated during the 1870 census 7 The mean center of United States population for 1880 was in Boone County Kentucky The results from the census were used to determine the apportionment for the 48th 49th 50th 51st and 52nd sessions of the United States Congress The processing of the 1880 census data took so long eight years that the Census Bureau contracted Herman Hollerith to design and build a tabulating machine to be used for the next census 8 9 The 1880 census also led to the discovery of the Alabama paradox Source Table I Population of the United States by States and Territories 10 Rank State Population01 New York 5 082 87102 Pennsylvania 4 282 89103 Ohio 3 198 06204 Illinois 3 077 87105 Missouri 2 168 38006 Indiana 1 978 30107 Massachusetts 1 783 08508 Kentucky 1 648 69009 Michigan 1 636 93710 Iowa 1 624 61511 Texas 1 591 74912 Tennessee 1 542 35913 Georgia 1 542 18014 Virginia 1 512 56515 North Carolina 1 399 75016 Wisconsin 1 315 49717 Alabama 1 262 50518 Mississippi 1 131 59719 New Jersey 1 131 11620 Kansas 996 09621 South Carolina 995 57722 Louisiana 939 94623 Maryland 934 94324 California 864 69425 Arkansas 802 52526 Minnesota 780 77327 Maine 648 93628 Connecticut 622 70029 West Virginia 618 45730 Nebraska 452 40231 New Hampshire 346 99132 Vermont 332 28633 Rhode Island 276 53134 Florida 269 49335 Colorado 194 327X District of Columbia 11 177 62436 Oregon 174 76837 Delaware 146 608X Utah 143 963X New Mexico 119 565X South Dakota 98 268 12 X Washington 75 11638 Nevada 62 266X Arizona 40 440X Montana 39 159X North Dakota 36 909 12 X Idaho 32 610X Wyoming 20 789City rankings EditRank City State Population 13 Region 2016 14 01 New York New York 1 206 299 Northeast02 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 847 170 Northeast03 Brooklyn New York 566 663 Northeast04 Chicago Illinois 503 185 Midwest05 Boston Massachusetts 362 839 Northeast06 St Louis Missouri 350 518 Midwest07 Baltimore Maryland 332 313 South08 Cincinnati Ohio 255 139 Midwest09 San Francisco California 233 959 West10 New Orleans Louisiana 216 090 South11 Cleveland Ohio 160 146 Midwest12 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 156 389 Northeast13 Buffalo New York 155 134 Northeast14 Washington District of Columbia 147 293 South15 Newark New Jersey 136 508 Northeast16 Louisville Kentucky 123 758 South17 Jersey City New Jersey 120 722 Northeast18 Detroit Michigan 116 340 Midwest19 Milwaukee Wisconsin 115 587 Midwest20 Providence Rhode Island 104 857 Northeast21 Albany New York 90 758 Northeast22 Rochester New York 89 366 Northeast23 Allegheny Pennsylvania 78 682 Northeast24 Indianapolis Indiana 75 056 Midwest25 Richmond Virginia 63 600 South26 New Haven Connecticut 62 882 Northeast27 Lowell Massachusetts 59 475 Northeast28 Worcester Massachusetts 58 291 Northeast29 Troy New York 56 747 Northeast30 Kansas City Missouri 55 785 Midwest31 Cambridge Massachusetts 52 669 Northeast32 Syracuse New York 51 792 Northeast33 Columbus Ohio 51 647 Midwest34 Paterson New Jersey 51 031 Northeast35 Toledo Ohio 50 137 Midwest36 Charleston South Carolina 49 984 South37 Fall River Massachusetts 48 961 Northeast38 Minneapolis Minnesota 46 887 Midwest39 Scranton Pennsylvania 45 850 Northeast40 Nashville Tennessee 43 350 South41 Reading Pennsylvania 43 278 Northeast42 Wilmington Delaware 42 478 South43 Hartford Connecticut 42 015 Northeast44 Camden New Jersey 41 659 Northeast45 Saint Paul Minnesota 41 473 Midwest46 Lawrence Massachusetts 39 151 Northeast47 Dayton Ohio 38 678 Midwest48 Lynn Massachusetts 38 274 Northeast49 Atlanta Georgia 37 409 South50 Denver Colorado 35 629 West51 Oakland California 34 555 West52 Utica New York 33 914 Northeast53 Portland Maine 33 810 Northeast54 Memphis Tennessee 33 592 South55 Springfield Massachusetts 33 340 Northeast56 Manchester New Hampshire 32 630 Northeast57 St Joseph Missouri 32 431 Midwest58 Grand Rapids Michigan 32 016 Midwest59 Hoboken New Jersey 30 999 Northeast60 Harrisburg Pennsylvania 30 762 Northeast61 Wheeling West Virginia 30 737 South62 Savannah Georgia 30 709 South63 Omaha Nebraska 30 518 Midwest64 Trenton New Jersey 29 910 Northeast65 Covington Kentucky 29 720 South66 Evansville Indiana 29 280 Midwest67 Peoria Illinois 29 259 Midwest68 Mobile Alabama 29 132 South69 Elizabeth New Jersey 28 229 Northeast70 Erie Pennsylvania 27 737 Northeast71 Bridgeport Connecticut 27 643 Northeast72 Salem Massachusetts 27 563 Northeast73 Quincy Illinois 27 268 Midwest74 Fort Wayne Indiana 26 880 Midwest75 New Bedford Massachusetts 26 845 Northeast76 Terre Haute Indiana 26 042 Midwest77 Lancaster Pennsylvania 25 769 Northeast78 Somerville Massachusetts 24 933 Northeast79 Wilkes Barre Pennsylvania 23 339 Northeast80 Des Moines Iowa 22 408 Midwest81 Dubuque Iowa 22 254 Midwest82 Galveston Texas 22 248 South83 Norfolk Virginia 21 966 South84 Auburn New York 21 924 Northeast85 Holyoke Massachusetts 21 915 Northeast86 Augusta Georgia 21 891 South87 Davenport Iowa 21 831 Midwest88 Chelsea Massachusetts 21 782 Northeast89 Petersburg Virginia 21 656 South90 Sacramento California 21 420 West91 Taunton Massachusetts 21 213 Northeast92 Oswego New York 21 116 Northeast93 Salt Lake City Utah 20 768 West94 Springfield Ohio 20 730 Midwest95 Bay City Michigan 20 693 Midwest96 San Antonio Texas 20 550 South97 Elmira New York 20 541 Northeast98 Newport Kentucky 20 433 South99 Poughkeepsie New York 20 207 Northeast100 Springfield Illinois 19 743 MidwestReferences Edit 1880 Census Instructions to Enumerators from IPUMS a website of the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota From Inkwell To Internet 1880 from the U S Census Bureau Billings John S 1902 Biographical Memoir of Francis Amasa Walker 1840 1897 PDF National Academy Press Archived PDF from the original on June 7 2011 Retrieved June 19 2009 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c d 1 from the U S Census Bureau Scanned images of Schedule 1 both low resolution and high resolution are available from Historical Forms and Questions 1880 at the U S Census Bureau website Algonquin Area Public Library District Census Secrets PDF Retrieved May 17 2012 permanent dead link Resident Population of the United States from a State of Wyoming website Anderson Margo J 2015 The American Census A Social History 2nd ed Yale p 102 The final volumes of the 1880 census were published in 1888 thus 1880 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 eight years at least Tabulating machines 2 from an Early Office Museum website 3 1880 Census Volume 1 Statistics of the Population of the United States 4 PDF The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790 a b In 1880 South Dakota and North Dakota together formed the Dakota Territory and so the census reported their combined population of 135 177 1880 Census Volume 1 Statistics of the Population of the United States 5 PDF Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States 1790 to 1990 U S Census Bureau 1998 Regions and Divisions U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on December 3 2016 Retrieved September 9 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1880 United States census amp oldid 1118064824, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
