Oxford, Ohio
Oxford is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 23,035 at the 2020 census.[5] A college town, Oxford was founded as a home for Miami University and lies in the southwestern portion of the state approximately 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Cincinnati and 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Dayton. In 2014, Oxford was rated by Forbes as the "Best College Town" in the United States, based on a high percentage of students per capita and part-time jobs, and a low occurrence of brain-drain.[6] It is a part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Oxford, Ohio | |
|---|---|
Buildings along High Street in uptown Oxford. | |
Location of Oxford in Butler County | |
Oxford, Ohio Location in the United States and Ohio Oxford, Ohio Oxford, Ohio (Ohio) | |
| Coordinates: 39°30′27″N 84°44′48″W / 39.50750°N 84.74667°WCoordinates: 39°30′27″N 84°44′48″W / 39.50750°N 84.74667°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Butler |
| Chartered | 1809 |
| Platted | 1810 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-Manager |
| • Mayor | Mike Smith[1] |
| • City Manager | Douglas R. Elliott, Jr. |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7.78 sq mi (20.15 km2) |
| • Land | 7.78 sq mi (20.14 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 928 ft (283 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 23,035 |
| • Density | 2,962.70/sq mi (1,143.90/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 45056 |
| Area code | 513 |
| FIPS code | 39-59234[4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1044265[3] |
| Website | www |
History
Miami University was chartered in 1809, and Oxford was laid out by James Heaton on March 29, 1810, by the Ohio General Assembly's order of February 6, 1810. It was established in Range 1 East, Town 5 North of the Congress Lands in the southeast quarter of Section 22, the southwest corner of Section 23, the northwest corner of Section 26, and the northeast corner of Section 27. The original village, consisting of 128 lots, was incorporated on February 23, 1830. Oxford was elevated to city status in 1971. Freedom Summer started with orientations at Western College for Women in June 1964. This event is commemorated near the Kumler Chapel on the Western campus, now a part of Miami University.
Oxford became a qualified Tree City USA as recognized by the National Arbor Day Foundation in 1996.[7]
Freedom Summer
1964 training
In the summer of 1964, a two-week orientation took place in Oxford at the Western College for Women (which later became part of Miami University in 1974) for Freedom Summer volunteers. The orientation, which took place from June 14 to June 27,[8] included training in non-violent resistance for volunteers in preparation for their trip to Mississippi. Once in Mississippi, volunteers would be attempting to register as many black voters as possible amid the violent atmosphere of a racially segregated state. The orientation at Western was originally planned to take place at Kentucky's Berea College, but pressure from Berea alumni who didn't want the controversial volunteer campaign on their campus led organizers to find another space further up north so that "the ties to the South were not quite so strong."[9]
Memorial
In 2000, a stone monument dedicated to Freedom Summer was built next to the Kumler Chapel on Western Campus. According to Miami University's website,
"The grassy bank was chosen because no excavating needed to be done and the proximity both to Peabody Hall and Kumler Chapel seemed to combine the right mix of educational and spiritual properties. From this location, the memorial was also visible from the road. The color of the rocks matches most of the architecture on Western Campus, but the pieces of limestone are meant to convey a story."[10]
The memorial tells the story of Freedom Summer with a chronological timeline of events engraved into each limestone bench.
In 2014, there was an addition to the memorial after three Miami University students (Nathan Foley, Jesse Thayer, and Brandon Lowery) built three steel treelike sculptures with wind chimes to fit over the existing trees lining the memorial.[11] These sculptures were made with the intention to further memorialize the brave lives and tragic deaths of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, the three Freedom Summer volunteers who were murdered while in Mississippi.
2014 also marked the 50th anniversary of Freedom Summer and the volunteer's training in Oxford. Miami University honored the occasion with a special conference and reunion, titled "50 Years After Freedom Summer: Understanding the Past, Building the Future."[12]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.68 square miles (17.30 km2), all land.[13] Oxford is a part of Oxford Township, originally called the College Township.
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1820 | 258 | — | |
| 1830 | 737 | 185.7% | |
| 1850 | 1,111 | — | |
| 1860 | 1,839 | 65.5% | |
| 1870 | 1,738 | −5.5% | |
| 1880 | 1,743 | 0.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,922 | 10.3% | |
| 1900 | 2,009 | 4.5% | |
| 1910 | 2,017 | 0.4% | |
| 1920 | 2,146 | 6.4% | |
| 1930 | 2,588 | 20.6% | |
| 1940 | 2,756 | 6.5% | |
| 1950 | 6,944 | 152.0% | |
| 1960 | 7,828 | 12.7% | |
| 1970 | 15,868 | 102.7% | |
| 1980 | 17,655 | 11.3% | |
| 1990 | 19,013 | 7.7% | |
| 2000 | 21,943 | 15.4% | |
| 2010 | 21,371 | −2.6% | |
| 2020 | 23,035 | 7.8% | |
| Sources:[4][14][15][16][17][18][19] | |||
2020 census
As of the census[20] of 2020, there were 23,035 people and 7,187 households living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 79.6% White, 5.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 8.8% Asian, 1.3% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.
2010 census
As of the census[20] of 2010, there were 21,371 people, 5,799 households, and 1,909 families living in the city. The population density was 3,199.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,235.3/km2). There were 6,622 housing units at an average density of 991.3 per square mile (382.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.6% White, 4.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population.
There were 5,799 households, of which 14.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 67.1% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.78.
The median age in the city was 21.4 years. 6.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 67.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 10.9% were from 25 to 44; 8.8% were from 45 to 64; and 5.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 21,943 people, 5,870 households, and 2,066 families living in the city. The population density was 3,734.4 people per square mile (1,440.9/km2). There were 6,134 housing units at an average density of 1,043.9 per square mile (402.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 4.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.
There were 5,870 households, out of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.8% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 8.3% under the age of 18, 66.8% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 44, 8.4% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $25,164, and the median income for a family was $52,589. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $24,637 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,165. About 13.4% of families and 43.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
Culture
Oxford is home to an array of festivals and events throughout the year, including the Uptown Music Concerts and the Wine Festival.[21] Additionally, Miami University provides access to a wide range of events, from lectures sponsored by the various departments (the Humanities Department, for example, has a consistently full calendar of events open to the public [22]), to live performances by the Theater and Music departments. Every year a schedule of events is organized through the Miami Performing Arts Series (MPAS) [23] who have brought well known entertainers to town such as Trevor Noah [24] and Wayne Brady.[25]
In January 2018, the website Livability.com ranked Oxford #74 on its list of Top 100 Best Places to Live. According to the website, "Oxford features a fun, college-town atmosphere with multiple shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues." The description of Oxford also includes praise for the "several miles of hiking trails" and "affordable housing options throughout the city."[26]
Uptown Music Concerts
Formerly known as the Summer Music Concert Series, the Uptown Music Concerts is a four-month long event thrown by the town's visitor center, Enjoy Oxford. Every Thursday night from June through September, concert-goers are treated to a free outdoor performance in the uptown park. Musicians take the stage under the pavilion while the audience sets out chairs and blankets in the grassy knoll below. The lineup of musicians throughout the four months continues to be impressive, bringing in talent from all over the country.[27]
Oxford Wine & Craft Beer Festival
The Oxford Wine Festival is an annual summer festival that takes place in the historic uptown district of Oxford. The festival, which is thrown by the Oxford Chamber of Commerce, includes a variety of wine vendors, a beer garden, live musical performances, and booths for merchants and artisans selling handmade goods.
Oxford Community Arts Center
The Oxford Community Arts Center (OCAC) is a performing arts facility where several major events in town take place both annually and regularly. These events include the Chocolate Meltdown (a January event featuring a range of chocolate tastings).[28]
The OCAC building was previously used for the Oxford Female Institute in 1849, then as the Oxford College for Women in 1906 after the Oxford Female Institute merged with the Oxford Female College. After the closing of the school in 1928, Miami University bought the building and renovated it to the Georgian style it is today. Even with its renovations, guests can see many of the building's historical details. The building now provides Oxford with a ballroom, meeting and classroom facilities, and artist studios.[29] It is often used as a venue for large events such as weddings.
Museums
Oxford has several museums throughout the town. The Robert A. Hefner Museum of Natural History, the Karl E. Limper Geology Museum, the William Holmes McGuffey Museum, and the Miami University Art Museum (MUAM). The MUAM is free and open to the public, and houses a range of galleries and exhibits throughout the year. Additionally, the MUAM boasts an impressive permanent collection of over 17,000 works, "many of which are regularly available to the public through exhibition display in one or more of the Museum's five gallery spaces."[30]
Environment
The Miami University Natural Areas has over 17 miles of hiking trails throughout Oxford. Hikers can hike through the Silvoor Biology Sanctuary and up to the bluffs, or through the 100 acre Western Woods to enjoy a "magnificent stand of oaks, beech and maples" on the trail that was designated a National Natural Landmark[31]
Additionally, the Hueston Woods State Park is just five miles outside of Oxford proper. The park features 12 miles of trails, as well as a 96-room lodge overlooking Acton Lake.
Education
Primary and secondary
Talawanda School District is the public school district serving Oxford. It was listed as one of the top 100 public school systems in the country by Offspring Magazine, a Forbes publication (Sep/Oct 2000). Sixty-one of the 100 districts listed were college town districts. Offspring worked with SchoolMatch.com using student score criteria, cost of living, academic performance and academic expenditures to develop a more complete overview of school districts. The article said these are districts that give you the most return for your housing/K-12 public school education dollar.
The McGuffey Montessori School is a Montessori school providing an alternative educational environment for students grades PK-8.
Post-secondary
Miami University, the large public research university of around 20,000 students that Oxford was established around, has historically always been the largest and most prominent post-secondary institution in the city. The Western College for Women operated from 1853 to 1974, first as a seminary and later as a liberal arts college before it merged with Miami University.[32] The Oxford College for Women in uptown Oxford was founded in 1849 in affiliation with the Presbyterian Church, and became a dormitory of Miami in 1928 before it became the Oxford Community Arts Center.[33]
Libraries
Oxford has a public library, a branch of the Lane Libraries.[34]
Greek-letter organizations
Oxford is home to the national offices of five Greek-letter organizations including the home office of the international business fraternity of Delta Sigma Pi, social sorority Delta Zeta and social fraternities Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, and Phi Kappa Tau. All but Delta Sigma Pi were founded at Miami University. Sigma Chi was also founded at Miami University, and Sigma Chi's founding site building on the north side of High Street at the town square is currently a mixed-use commercial building owned by the Sigma Chi Foundation. Visitors can also see the room on the 2nd floor where Sigma Chi's seven founders started the Fraternity on June 28, 1855.
Notable people
- Walter Alston, Major League Baseball manager, member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum[35]
- Bill Bartlett, lead guitarist of The Lemon Pipers, psychedelic/bubblegum pop band, they had a Billboard #1 hit in 1968, "Green Tambourine"[36]
- Jerome Conley, former mayor of Oxford and Dean of Miami University[37]
- Khashyar Darvich, film producer and director[38]
- David J. Eicher, chief editor of Astronomy magazine and author of publications on astronomy and American History[39]
- Edith Emerson, painter[40]
- Weeb Ewbank, football coach, 3-time World Champion (1958, 1959, 1968), member of Pro Football Hall of Fame[41]
- Earle Foxe, theater and film actor[42]
- Victor Furth, architect[43]
- Kason Gabbard, Major League Baseball pitcher[44]
- Nick Gillespie, libertarian journalist, former editor-in-chief of Reason magazine, current editor of reason.tv[45]
- Caroline Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison[46]
- Russell Benjamin Harrison, son of Benjamin and Caroline Harrison, Indiana politician[47]
- Darrell Hedric, basketball head coach and scout[48]
- Oliver Toussaint Jackson, businessman[49]
- Edgar Stillman Kelley, composer and music educator at Western College for Women[50]
- Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth, "Father of American Beekeeping"[51]
- Henry MacCracken, educator, chancellor of University of Pittsburgh and New York University[52]
- William Holmes McGuffey, educator[53]
- William H. McSurely, Illinois state representative and judge[54]
- Maurice Rocco, pianist[55]
Sister cities
Oxford has one sister city:
- Differdange, Luxembourg[56]
References
- ^ "City Council | City of Oxford, Ohio". Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ a b "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "QuickFacts: Oxford city, Ohio". census.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ "The 10 Best And Worst College Cities And Towns In The U.S." Forbes. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
- ^ "Tree Cities Ohio" [1]. " Arbor Day Foundation accessed 18 September 2020.
- ^ McAdam, Dough (1988). Freedom Summer. Oxford Univ. Press. p. 66.
- ^ "50 Years Ago, Freedom Summer Began By Training For Battle". NPR. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ "Celebrating Freedom". Miami University.
- ^ Boen, Donna. "Students shape steel into Freedom Summer Chimes". Miami University.
- ^ Kissell, Margo. "48 Freedom Summer volunteers to reunite in Oxford 50 years later".
- ^ . United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
- ^ "Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties" (PDF). Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Ninth Census. U.S. Census Bureau. 1870. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties" (PDF). Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census. U.S. Census Bureau. 1880. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ "Population: Ohio" (PDF). 1910 U.S. Census. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ "Population: Ohio" (PDF). 1930 US Census. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ "Number of Inhabitants: Ohio" (PDF). 18th Census of the United States. U.S. Census Bureau. 1960. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ "Oxford Wine Festival".
- ^ "Humanities Events". Miami University.
- ^ "Miami Performing Arts Series".
- ^ "Trevor Noah, host of Comedy Central's "The Daily Show," to perform during Family Weekend". Miami University.
- ^ "Performing Arts Series continues with Wayne Brady, Live and more". Miami University.
- ^ "Cincinnati makes Livability's 100 best places to live list". Cincinnati.com. January 25, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ "Summer Music Concert Series Schedule". Enjoy Oxford.
- ^ "Chocolate Meltdown".
- ^ "History of OCAC". Oxford Community Arts Center.
- ^ "Collections | Art Museum". Miami University.
- ^ . Miami University. Archived from the original on 2018-01-26.
- ^ "Western College". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Oxford Female Institute". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Hours & Locations". Lane Libraries. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
- ^ "Walter Alston". Baseball Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Varias, Chris (August 8, 2017). "50 years later: Relive the Summer of Love". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Dean's Biography". Miami University Libraries. Miami University. 2 October 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Niesel, Jeff (May 8, 2015). "Director Khashyar Darvich to Attend Local Premiere of Two Dalai Lama Documentaries". Cleveland Scene. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Meet the Staff". Astronomy.com. Kalmbach Media. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "A Finding Aid to the Edith Emerson Papers, 1839-1981, bulk 1894-1971, in the Archives of American Art". Smithsonian Online Virtual Archives. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Dave (September 25, 1994). "Coaching Legend Remembers How It Was -- 87-Year-Old Weeb Ewbank Is Living Legend In Hometown Of Oxford, Ohio | The Seattle Times". The Seattle Times. N.Y. Times News Service. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Earle Foxe". Playbill. Playbill. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "A memorial to Victor Furth". Miami University Faculty Memorial Statements. Miami University. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Kason Gabbard". Baseball Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Ogles, Jonah (August 1, 2011). "Nick Gillespie Is Sick of Politics". Cincinnati Magazine. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Biography of Benjamin and Caroline Harrison". Benjamin and Caroline Harrison Collection. OhioLink. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Russell Benjamin Harrison". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Inductees : 2012 : Darrell Hedric". Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Wei, William, ed. (September 29, 2016). "Oliver Toussaint Jackson". Colorado Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Biography of Edgar Stillman Kelley". Edgar Stillman Kelley Collection. OhioLink. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "The Late L. L. Langstroth". Pacific Rural Press. California Digital Newspaper Collection. November 2, 1895. p. 280. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Guide to the Personal Papers of Henry Mitchell MacCracken 1852-1910". New York University Archives. New York University. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "William Holmes McGuffey". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Rose, James A. (1905). Blue Book of the State of Illinois (1905-1906 ed.). Springfield Illinois. p. 258. OCLC 850921251. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Rockhold Rites Set at Oxford". The Journal News. Hamilton, Ohio. April 9, 1976. p. 10. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "Oxford names Differdange as Sister City". miamistudent.net. The Miami Student. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
Further reading
- Brent S. Barlow, W.H. Todhunter, Stephen D. Cone, Joseph J. Pater, and Frederick Schneider, eds. Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: B.F. Bowen, 1905.
- Jim Blount. The 1900s: 100 Years In the History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: Past Present Press, 2000.
- Butler County Engineer's Office. Butler County Official Transportation Map, 2003. Fairfield Township, Butler County, Ohio: The Office, 2003.
- .
- A History and Biographical Cyclopaedia of Butler County, Ohio with Illustrations and Sketches of Its Representative Men and Pioneers. Cincinnati, Ohio: Western Biographical Publishing Company, 1882. [2]
- Ohio. Secretary of State. The Ohio municipal and township roster, 2002-2003. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 2003.
- "The 100 Best School Districts in the U.S.", Offspring, September/October 2000.
External links
- City of Oxford
- Oxford Visitors Bureau