United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (sometimes referred to as the Intelligence Committee or SSCI) is dedicated to overseeing the United States Intelligence Community—the agencies and bureaus of the federal government of the United States that provide information and analysis for leaders of the executive and legislative branches. The Committee was established in 1976 by the 94th Congress.[1]
| Select committee | |
|---|---|
| Active United States Senate 118th Congress | |
| History | |
| Formed | May 19, 1976 |
| Succeeded | Church Committee |
| Leadership | |
| Chair | Mark Warner (D) Since February 3, 2021 |
| Vice chair | Marco Rubio (R) Since February 3, 2021 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 17 members |
| Political parties | Majority (9)
|
| Jurisdiction | |
| Purpose | to "oversee and make continuing studies of the intelligence activities and programs of the United States Government" |
| Oversight authority | United States Intelligence Community |
| House counterpart | House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence |
| Meeting place | |
| 211 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. | |
| Website | |
| intelligence | |
| Rules | |
| |
The Committee is "select" in that membership is temporary and rotated among members of the chamber.[2] The committee comprises 15 members. Eight of those seats are reserved for one majority and one minority member of each of the following committees: Appropriations, Armed Services, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary.[3] Of the remaining seven, four are members of the majority, and three are members of the minority.[3] In addition, the Majority Leader and Minority Leader are non-voting ex officio members of the committee.[3] Also, the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Armed Services (if not already a member of the select Committee) are ex officio members.[4]
As part of its oversight responsibilities, the Committee performs an annual review of the intelligence budget submitted by the president and prepares legislation authorizing appropriations for the various civilian and military agencies and departments comprising the intelligence community. These entities include the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, as well as the intelligence-related components of Department of State, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of the Treasury, and Department of Energy.
The Committee makes recommendations to the Senate Armed Services Committee on authorizations for the intelligence-related components of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Marine Corps. The Committee also conducts periodic investigations, audits, and inspections of intelligence activities and programs.
History edit
The Select Committee on Intelligence was preceded by the Church Committee (1975). Senator Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii) became the first chairman of the committee when it was established until 1979.[5]
On July 8, 2004, the committee issued the Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, and on June 5, 2008, it issued a long-delayed portion of its "phase two" investigative report, which compared the prewar public statements made by top Bush administration officials to justify the invasion with the intelligence information that was available to them at that time.[6]
In a March 6, 2008, letter to the Senate leadership, 14 of the 15 then members of the Committee proposed the creation of a new Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Intelligence to prepare the annual intelligence budget.[7] The proposed Subcommittee, on which members of the Intelligence Committee would be heavily represented, would increase the Committee's influence and leverage over executive branch intelligence agencies, and require continuing disclosure of the annual budget for the National Intelligence Program. The proposal has been opposed by the leadership of the Senate Appropriations Committee, however.[8]
In 2013, and beyond, the SSCI received renewed attention in the wake of Edward Snowden's disclosures regarding the NSA surveillance of communications. Senator Dianne Feinstein and the SSCI made several statements on the matter, one of which was notably disputed: that the NSA tracked US citizens' locations via cellphone. Later, the SSCI Staff Director, David Grannis, claimed that the NSA did not collect cellphone location, claiming the Senator was "speaking extemporaneously".[9] The SSCI later came to prominence in relation to voting to publish in March 2014[10] and then publishing in December 2014 of a report on the policies of the CIA on torture.
In 2017, the SSCI began investigating Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, possible incriminating links between members of the Russian government and members of Donald Trump's presidential campaign team, and the security of election processes in the United States.[11] On April 21, 2020, the SSCI (chaired at the time by the Republican Richard Burr) released a much redacted report[12][13][14] with its final judgment that the intelligence community's assessment was "coherent and well-constructed"; the SSCI therefore supports the intelligence community's claim that Putin's "interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election" in favor of candidate Trump was unprecedented in its "manner and aggressiveness". Nevertheless, no direct evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia was found.[15][16]
In 2018, the SSCI Director of Security James Wolfe was arrested and convicted of lying to the FBI on the leak of classified documents to a reporter with whom he was in an affair.[17]
On May 14, 2020, Senator Burr, who oversaw the probe on Russian interference in the 2016 election, stepped down as SSCI chair due to an ongoing investigation regarding insider trading by Senator Burr during the COVID-19 pandemic.[18] Senator McConnell announced on May 18, 2020 that Marco Rubio would replace Burr temporarily.[19]
Members, 118th Congress: January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025 edit
| Majority[20] | Minority[21] |
|---|---|
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| Ex officio | |
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Historical committee membership edit
117th Congress: January 3, 2021 - January 3, 2023 edit
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
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| Ex officio | |
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116th Congress: January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021 edit
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
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| Ex officio | |
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Source: Member list[24]
115th Congress: January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019 edit
| Majority | Minority |
|---|---|
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| Ex officio | |
|
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Source: Member List[26]
Chairs edit
| Nº | Chair | Party | State | Term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel Inouye | Democratic | Hawaii | 1976–1979 | ||
| 2 | Birch Bayh | Democratic | Indiana | 1979–1981 | ||
| 3 | Barry Goldwater | Republican | Arizona | 1981–1985 | ||
| 4 | David Durenberger | Republican | Minnesota | 1985–1987 | ||
| 5 | David Boren | Democratic | Oklahoma | 1987–1993 | ||
| 6 | Dennis DeConcini | Democratic | Arizona | 1993–1995 | ||
| 7 | Arlen Specter | Republican | Pennsylvania | 1995–1997 | ||
| 8 | Richard Shelby | Republican | Alabama | 1997–2001 | ||
| 9 | Bob Graham | Democratic | Florida | 2001 | ||
| 10 | Richard Shelby | Republican | Alabama | 2001 | ||
| 11 | Bob Graham | Democratic | Florida | 2001–2003 | ||
| 12 | Pat Roberts | Republican | Kansas | 2003–2007 | ||
| 13 | Jay Rockefeller | Democratic | West Virginia | 2007–2009 | ||
| 14 | Dianne Feinstein | Democratic | California | 2009–2015 | ||
| 15 | Richard Burr | Republican | North Carolina | 2015–2020 | ||
| 16 | Marco Rubio Acting | Republican | Florida | 2020–2021 | ||
| 17 | Mark Warner | Democratic | Virginia | 2021–present | ||
Staff directors edit
- Christopher Joyner, 2015–2022
- David Grannis, 2009–2014
- Andy Johnson, 2004–2008
- Alfred Cumming, 2000–2003
- George Tenet, 1989–1993
- Nicholas Rostow, 1999-2000
See also edit
- Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
- James R. Clapper § Testimony to Congress on NSA surveillance programs, 2013
- List of current United States Senate committees
- United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
- United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
- The Report (2019 film)
References edit
- ^ Snider, L. Britt (2008). (PDF). CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
- ^ Kaiser, Frederick (September 16, 2008). "Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Current Structure and Alternatives". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Committee on Intelligence" from Riddick's Senate Procedure
- ^ (PDF). U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
- ^ "INOUYE, Daniel Ken - Biographical Information". United States Congress. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
- ^ Mazzetti, Mark; Shane, Scott (June 6, 2008). "Bush Overstated Iraq Evidence, Senators Report". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (March 6, 2008). "Letter to Senators Harry Reid and Mitch McConnell" (PDF). Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ^ Senate Appropriations Committee (April 5, 2008). "Letter to Senators Harry Reid and Mitch McConnell" (PDF). Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ^ Ali Watkins. "Senate intelligence committee director denies NSA collects data on Americans' cellphone locations". McClatchy Washington Bureau.
- ^ "Statement on SSCI Vote for Declassification of Torture Report". OpenTheGovernment.org. April 3, 2014.
- ^ Tau, Byron (February 8, 2018). "Senate Intelligence Committee Writing Report on Election Vulnerabilities Ahead of Midterms". WSJ. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ 116th Congress, 1st Session. "Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election. Vol. 4: Review of the Intelligence Community Assessment with Additional Views" (PDF). www.intelligence.senate.gov. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Dilanian, Ken (April 21, 2020). "Bipartisan Senate report says 2017 intel assessment about Russian interference and Trump was accurate". NBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Johnson, Kevin; Phillips, Kristine (April 21, 2020). "Senate committee backs intelligence agencies' findings that Russia meddled in 2016 election". USA Today. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Johnson, Kevin; Phillips, Kristine (April 21, 2020). "Senate committee backs intelligence agencies' findings that Russia meddled in 2016 election". USA Today. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Knutson, Jacob (April 21, 2020). "Senate Intel affirms that Russia interfered to help Trump in 2016". Axios. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Ming, Chang (June 7, 2018). "Former Senate staffer indicted for allegedly lying to FBI about contact with reporters". CNBC. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
FBI officials involved in that leaks investigation approached the reporter, Ali Watkins, about a romantic relationship she had with Wolfe
- ^ Barrett, Devlin (May 14, 2020). "Sen. Richard Burr stepping aside as Intelligence Committee chair amid FBI investigation of his stock sales". Washington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Lesniewski, Niels (May 18, 2020). "Rubio named acting Senate Intelligence chairman". Roll Call. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
- ^ S.Res. 30 (118th Congress)
- ^ S.Res. 31 (118th Congress)
- ^ a b c Angus King is an Independent, but caucuses with the Democrats.
- ^ "Majority Leader Schumer Announces New Senate Democratic Committee Assignments". Senate Democrats. October 17, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
- ^ "Committee Members". U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- ^ Angus King is an independent, but caucuses with the Democrats.
- ^ "115th Congress (2017-2018) | Intelligence Committee". www.intelligence.senate.gov. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
External links edit
- U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Official Website
- Committee Publications
- Committee Hearing Schedule & Archive
- Committee Press Releases
- includes information on past members
- Video (92:50): U.S. Congressional Hearing on UFO/UAP (May 17, 2022) on YouTube.