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Radio National

May 20, 2023

Radio National, known on-air as RN, is an Australia-wide public service broadcasting radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). From 1947 until 1985, the network was known as ABC Radio 2.

Radio National
Broadcast areaAustralia
FrequencyVarious (FM and AM), DAB+, DVB-T Ch-26, online
Programming
Language(s)English
FormatNews, talk
Ownership
OwnerAustralian Broadcasting Corporation
ABC Classic FM, ABC Local Radio, ABC NewsRadio, Triple J
History
First air date
5 December 1923; 99 years ago (1923-12-05)
Former names
ABC Radio 2 (1947–1985)
Call sign meaning
Radio National
Links
WebcastLive stream
Websiteabc.net.au/radionational/

History

 
Prime Minister Joseph Lyons preparing to make a broadcast on 2FC Sydney.

1937: Predecessors and beginnings

From 1928, the National Broadcasting Service, as part of the federal Postmaster-General's Department, gradually took over responsibility for all the existing stations that were sponsored by public licence fees ("A" Class licences). The outsourced Australian Broadcasting Company supplied programs from 1929. In 1932 a commission was established, merging the original ABC company and the National Broadcasting Service. It is from this time that Radio National dates as a distinct network within the ABC, in which a system of program relays was developed during the subsequent decades to link stations spread across the nation.

The beginnings of Radio National lie with Sydney radio station 2FC,[1] which aired its first test broadcast on 5 December 1923 and officially went to air on 9 January 1924.[2] 2FC stood for Farmer and Company, the original owner of the station before the ABC bought the station in 1937.[3]

The ABC then rolled out a national network across the country, somewhat similar in nature to the BBC National Programme.[3] The origins of the other stations in the network were:

  • 3AR Melbourne – 26 January 1924 "Associated Radio Company of Australia", organised by Esmond Laurence Kiernan and others.[4][5]
  • 5CL Adelaide – 20 November 1924 "Central Broadcasters Ltd".
  • 7ZL Hobart – 17 December 1924.
  • 4QG Brisbane – 27 July 1925 "Queensland Government" (operated by the Queensland Radio Service, an agency within the Office of the Chief Secretary).
  • 6WN Perth – 5 October 1938 "Wanneroo".
  • 2CY Canberra – 23 December 1938.
  • 2NA Newcastle – 20 December 1943.

The first transmitters for 2FC, 5CL and 4QG were made by AWA with power of 5 kW (note that until about 1931 in Australia, transmitter powers were defined in terms of DC input to final amplifier, typically about 3 times that of the power into the antenna; thus power today would be stated as about 1.7 kW). They used a MT7A valve for the final high power RF stage and a MT7B for the modulator. The power supply was 12,000 volts from three phase power rectified by MR7 valves. 4QG commenced with a 500 Watt transmitter which continued for about 6 months until the 5 kW unit was commissioned.[6]

The radio transmitters for 3AR and 2FC were upgraded to 10 kW in a contract let in 1938 to STC. The transmitters were designed by Charles Strong in London, and were notable in using negative feedback to ensure a high quality flat frequency response.[7]

From 1947 until the mid-1980s, "Radio 2" (as it came to be known) was broadcast to the major metropolitan centres, with a large broadcast footprint in adjacent areas due to the powerful AM transmitters in use. It contained most of the ABC's national programming.[citation needed]

The power level of 2FC and 3AR was upgraded to 50 kW in the early 1950s. The transmitters for these were housed in the same building as the radio 1 network. They were manufactured by STC. The final stage contained three parallel 3J/261E air cooled triodes running in class C amplifier at 90% efficiency. These were driven by a class B push-pull modulator with the same type of valves.[8] That of 5CL had to wait until late 1961, when a new joint facility with 5AN was opened at Pimpala.[citation needed]

1970s–1980s

In the 1970s, the network's program format began to take on a more serious tone, a style which continues to this day. Art critic Peter Timm later remarked that the network is "virtually the only non-print media forum for art in this country".[9]

In the early 1980s the broadcast footprint was extended with the construction of the first of over 300 regional FM transmitters (including community re-broadcast sites).[citation needed] In 1985, the ABC renamed "Radio 2" as "Radio National".[10][3]

1990s

Since 1990, all Radio National stations have had the same callsign, "RN".[10]

As a result of cuts in the 1996–97 budget, Radio National was hit with a reduction of a million dollars in its funding, with a significant impact on programming.[11]

21st century

In 2008, controversial programming changes once more raised the issue of funding cuts to the public broadcaster.[12][13][14][15] Presenter Stephen Crittenden leaked confidential programming changes in an unscheduled live broadcast before the start of his show, criticising his superiors.[16] He was suspended for his outburst,[17] and his unscripted comments were cut from Radio National's podcast and transcript of the program. Religious commentator Paul Collins on crikey.com subsequently echoed Crittenden's fears.[18] Crittenden was reinstated in 2009 as a reporter on Background Briefing, after a settlement was reached.[19] However, his program and the other eight programs that had been cancelled or merged were not re-instated that year. The head of ABC Radio, Sue Howard, was dismissed in 2009.[20]

In January 2012 Radio National was rebranded as RN, partly in recognition of the stations growing digital audience. RN has also been used as shorthand for the station's name by many presenters going back several years. The stations tagline, which has changed regularly over the years, was also changed to "Your World Unfolding" to mesh with the station's new logo and visual identity.[citation needed]

In 2012 a new Religion and Ethics report was launched, hosted by Andrew West. The Media Report was also relaunched, hosted by broadcaster and former Life Matters host Richard Aedy.[21] The Media Report was, however, cancelled again in 2015.[22]

In late 2016, the new head of the ABC, Michelle Guthrie, defended the removal of staff and programmes from the Radio National 2017 schedule.[23][24][25] In January 2017 the schedule was reduced in scope due to loss of staff and programmes.[citation needed]

Description

Radio National broadcasts national programming in subjects that include news and current affairs, the arts, social issues, science, drama and comedy. Some programs are relayed on Radio Australia, the ABC's international broadcasting service which was transmitted on shortwave until January 2017, as well as 24-hour FM stations, local relay stations and live satellite.[26]

All radio programs are available for live streaming over the Internet, and most (excluding drama, poetry and music) as audio-on-demand, or for download as MP3s for at least four weeks after broadcast. Some programs are available as MP3s going back to 2005, when Radio National commenced podcasting.[citation needed]

Selected programs

Some of the following programs, listed in order of start date, are aired on both Radio National and ABC Local Radio networks.

See also

References

  1. ^ 2FC radio mast at Willoughby http://naa16.naa.gov.au/rs_images/ShowImage.php?B=3025014&S=1&T=P National Archives of Australia circa. 1920 Retrieved 18 December 2008
  2. ^ "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 26, 836. New South Wales, Australia. 9 January 1924. p. 10. Retrieved 21 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ a b c Aylett, Glenn (9 April 2007). "Tuning In Down Under - International radio". Transdiffusion Broadcasting System. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  4. ^ On This Day Vic Parliament
  5. ^ Aussie Callsigns 23 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine at RadioDX
  6. ^ Winston T. Muscio (1984). Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923–83. Kangaroo Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-949924-82-2.
  7. ^ Winston T. Muscio (1984). Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923–83. Kangaroo Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-949924-82-2.
  8. ^ Winston T. Muscio (1984). Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923–83. Kangaroo Press. p. 76. ISBN 0-949924-82-2.
  9. ^ Timms, Peter. What's wrong with contemporary art? 2004, UNSW Press, ISBN 0-86840-407-1, p. 102
  10. ^ a b "About the ABC – The 80s". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
  11. ^ Budget Review 1996–97 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Parliament House
  12. ^ . Land. Farm Online. 16 October 2008. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  13. ^ . Canberra Times. Fairfax. 16 October 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  14. ^ "Programs axed amid Radio National reshuffle". ABC News. ABC. 15 October 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  15. ^ [1] 2 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ [2][dead link]
  17. ^ [3] 22 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "What are they doing to Radio National? God help us!". Crikey. 15 October 2008. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  19. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  20. ^ Simons, Margaret (17 December 2008). . Crikey. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  21. ^ . Radio National. 23 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  22. ^ "The Weekly Beast: ABC Radio National dumps Richard Aedy's Media Report". The Guardian. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  23. ^ Meade, Amanda (8 December 2016). "Jaws drop at ABC as Michelle Guthrie defends Radio National cuts – Weekly Beast". the Guardian.
  24. ^ Meade, Amanda (15 November 2016). "Radio National to lose eight staff as ABC cuts several programs from 2017 schedule". the Guardian.
  25. ^ Meade, Amanda (7 December 2016). "ABC board demands director of radio explain Radio National cuts". the Guardian.
  26. ^ "ABC Exits Shortwave Radio Transmission". About the ABC. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  27. ^ a b "Episodes - Correspondents Report". ABC Radio. 10 October 2003. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  28. ^ a b . ABC Radio. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  29. ^ a b Johnson, Natasha (29 May 2022). "Robyn Williams, host of ABC RN's The Science Show, on 50 years of broadcasting and the day Norman Swan saved his life". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  30. ^ "ABC Radio National's The Music Show clocks up 30 years on air". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 14 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Music show team". ABC Radio National. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  32. ^ "Speaking Out, with Larissa Behrendt". ABC Radio. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  33. ^ Meade, Amanda (6 December 2017). "ABC makes big changes to radio programs across Australia". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  34. ^ "Silly season is here and the changes are coming thick and fast". RadioInfo Australia. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Past Programs". ABC Radio National. The Art Show. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Sporty - Programs". ABC Radio National. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  37. ^ "Past Programs by Date - Sporty". ABC Radio National. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  38. ^ "Stop Everything! with Benjamin Law and Beverley Wang". ABC Radio National. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

External links

May 20, 2023
radio, national, known, australia, wide, public, service, broadcasting, radio, network, australian, broadcasting, corporation, from, 1947, until, 1985, network, known, radio, broadcast, areaaustraliafrequencyvarious, onlineprogramminglanguage, englishformatnew. Radio National known on air as RN is an Australia wide public service broadcasting radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC From 1947 until 1985 the network was known as ABC Radio 2 Radio NationalBroadcast areaAustraliaFrequencyVarious FM and AM DAB DVB T Ch 26 onlineProgrammingLanguage s EnglishFormatNews talkOwnershipOwnerAustralian Broadcasting CorporationSister stationsABC Classic FM ABC Local Radio ABC NewsRadio Triple JHistoryFirst air date5 December 1923 99 years ago 1923 12 05 Former namesABC Radio 2 1947 1985 Call sign meaningRadio NationalLinksWebcastLive streamWebsiteabc wbr net wbr au wbr radionational wbr Contents 1 History 1 1 1937 Predecessors and beginnings 1 2 1970s 1980s 1 3 1990s 1 4 21st century 2 Description 3 Selected programs 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit Prime Minister Joseph Lyons preparing to make a broadcast on 2FC Sydney 1937 Predecessors and beginnings Edit From 1928 the National Broadcasting Service as part of the federal Postmaster General s Department gradually took over responsibility for all the existing stations that were sponsored by public licence fees A Class licences The outsourced Australian Broadcasting Company supplied programs from 1929 In 1932 a commission was established merging the original ABC company and the National Broadcasting Service It is from this time that Radio National dates as a distinct network within the ABC in which a system of program relays was developed during the subsequent decades to link stations spread across the nation The beginnings of Radio National lie with Sydney radio station 2FC 1 which aired its first test broadcast on 5 December 1923 and officially went to air on 9 January 1924 2 2FC stood for Farmer and Company the original owner of the station before the ABC bought the station in 1937 3 The ABC then rolled out a national network across the country somewhat similar in nature to the BBC National Programme 3 The origins of the other stations in the network were 3AR Melbourne 26 January 1924 Associated Radio Company of Australia organised by Esmond Laurence Kiernan and others 4 5 5CL Adelaide 20 November 1924 Central Broadcasters Ltd 7ZL Hobart 17 December 1924 4QG Brisbane 27 July 1925 Queensland Government operated by the Queensland Radio Service an agency within the Office of the Chief Secretary 6WN Perth 5 October 1938 Wanneroo 2CY Canberra 23 December 1938 2NA Newcastle 20 December 1943 The first transmitters for 2FC 5CL and 4QG were made by AWA with power of 5 kW note that until about 1931 in Australia transmitter powers were defined in terms of DC input to final amplifier typically about 3 times that of the power into the antenna thus power today would be stated as about 1 7 kW They used a MT7A valve for the final high power RF stage and a MT7B for the modulator The power supply was 12 000 volts from three phase power rectified by MR7 valves 4QG commenced with a 500 Watt transmitter which continued for about 6 months until the 5 kW unit was commissioned 6 The radio transmitters for 3AR and 2FC were upgraded to 10 kW in a contract let in 1938 to STC The transmitters were designed by Charles Strong in London and were notable in using negative feedback to ensure a high quality flat frequency response 7 From 1947 until the mid 1980s Radio 2 as it came to be known was broadcast to the major metropolitan centres with a large broadcast footprint in adjacent areas due to the powerful AM transmitters in use It contained most of the ABC s national programming citation needed The power level of 2FC and 3AR was upgraded to 50 kW in the early 1950s The transmitters for these were housed in the same building as the radio 1 network They were manufactured by STC The final stage contained three parallel 3J 261E air cooled triodes running in class C amplifier at 90 efficiency These were driven by a class B push pull modulator with the same type of valves 8 That of 5CL had to wait until late 1961 when a new joint facility with 5AN was opened at Pimpala citation needed 1970s 1980s Edit In the 1970s the network s program format began to take on a more serious tone a style which continues to this day Art critic Peter Timm later remarked that the network is virtually the only non print media forum for art in this country 9 In the early 1980s the broadcast footprint was extended with the construction of the first of over 300 regional FM transmitters including community re broadcast sites citation needed In 1985 the ABC renamed Radio 2 as Radio National 10 3 1990s Edit Since 1990 all Radio National stations have had the same callsign RN 10 As a result of cuts in the 1996 97 budget Radio National was hit with a reduction of a million dollars in its funding with a significant impact on programming 11 21st century Edit In 2008 controversial programming changes once more raised the issue of funding cuts to the public broadcaster 12 13 14 15 Presenter Stephen Crittenden leaked confidential programming changes in an unscheduled live broadcast before the start of his show criticising his superiors 16 He was suspended for his outburst 17 and his unscripted comments were cut from Radio National s podcast and transcript of the program Religious commentator Paul Collins on crikey com subsequently echoed Crittenden s fears 18 Crittenden was reinstated in 2009 as a reporter on Background Briefing after a settlement was reached 19 However his program and the other eight programs that had been cancelled or merged were not re instated that year The head of ABC Radio Sue Howard was dismissed in 2009 20 In January 2012 Radio National was rebranded as RN partly in recognition of the stations growing digital audience RN has also been used as shorthand for the station s name by many presenters going back several years The stations tagline which has changed regularly over the years was also changed to Your World Unfolding to mesh with the station s new logo and visual identity citation needed In 2012 a new Religion and Ethics report was launched hosted by Andrew West The Media Report was also relaunched hosted by broadcaster and former Life Matters host Richard Aedy 21 The Media Report was however cancelled again in 2015 22 In late 2016 the new head of the ABC Michelle Guthrie defended the removal of staff and programmes from the Radio National 2017 schedule 23 24 25 In January 2017 the schedule was reduced in scope due to loss of staff and programmes citation needed Description EditRadio National broadcasts national programming in subjects that include news and current affairs the arts social issues science drama and comedy Some programs are relayed on Radio Australia the ABC s international broadcasting service which was transmitted on shortwave until January 2017 as well as 24 hour FM stations local relay stations and live satellite 26 All radio programs are available for live streaming over the Internet and most excluding drama poetry and music as audio on demand or for download as MP3s for at least four weeks after broadcast Some programs are available as MP3s going back to 2005 when Radio National commenced podcasting citation needed Selected programs EditSome of the following programs listed in order of start date are aired on both Radio National and ABC Local Radio networks PM 1969 present Correspondents Report before 1974 c 2019 27 28 The Science Show 1975 present Robyn Williams 29 The Coming Out Show 1975 c 1998 Ockham s Razor 1984 present Robyn Williams then Tegan Taylor 29 Late Night Live 1991 present Phillip Adams The Music Show 1991 present Andrew Ford since 1995 30 31 The Live Set 1986 2017 Life Matters 1992 present RN Breakfast 1994 present Peter Thompson 1994 2005 then Fran Kelly 2005 2021 then Patricia Karvelas Conversations 2012 present The National Interest 1995 2011 Terry Lane Peter Mares Sound Quality 1995 2015 Tim Ritchie The World Today 1999 present Bush Telegraph 2001 2014 Big Ideas c 2002 present Paul Barclay AWAYE Speaking Out 1990 present Larissa Behrendt 32 The Night Air 2002 2013 All in the Mind c 2003 present Counterpoint 2004 present Amanda Vanstone The Art Show formerly The Art Hub December 2017 33 hosted by Ed Ayres until mid January 2020 when it was taken over by Namila Benson 34 Around July 2021 Daniel Browning became the main presenter 35 Sporty c 2019 present Amanda Smith 36 37 Sunday Extra 2019 present Julian Morrow including Background Briefing and Ockham s Razor and apparently superseding Correspondents Report 27 28 Stop Everything presented by Benjamin Law and Beverley Wang 38 See also EditBald Hills Radiator ABC s AM radio transmission centre in Brisbane BBC Radio 4 List of radio stations in Australia Radio New Zealand National Timeline of Australian radioReferences Edit 2FC radio mast at Willoughby http naa16 naa gov au rs images ShowImage php B 3025014 amp S 1 amp T P National Archives of Australia circa 1920 Retrieved 18 December 2008 Advertising The Sydney Morning Herald No 26 836 New South Wales Australia 9 January 1924 p 10 Retrieved 21 November 2021 via National Library of Australia a b c Aylett Glenn 9 April 2007 Tuning In Down Under International radio Transdiffusion Broadcasting System Retrieved 16 February 2021 On This Day Vic Parliament Aussie Callsigns Archived 23 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine at RadioDX Winston T Muscio 1984 Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923 83 Kangaroo Press p 66 ISBN 0 949924 82 2 Winston T Muscio 1984 Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923 83 Kangaroo Press p 68 ISBN 0 949924 82 2 Winston T Muscio 1984 Australian Radio the Technical Story 1923 83 Kangaroo Press p 76 ISBN 0 949924 82 2 Timms Peter What s wrong with contemporary art 2004 UNSW Press ISBN 0 86840 407 1 p 102 a b About the ABC The 80s Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 8 December 2012 Retrieved 1 October 2007 Budget Review 1996 97 Archived 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Parliament House ABC flagship radio shows axed Land Farm Online 16 October 2008 Archived from the original on 6 July 2011 Retrieved 1 April 2011 Anger as ABC axes specialist programs from Radio National Canberra Times Fairfax 16 October 2008 Archived from the original on 4 October 2011 Retrieved 1 April 2011 Programs axed amid Radio National reshuffle ABC News ABC 15 October 2008 Retrieved 1 April 2011 1 Archived 2 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine 2 dead link 3 Archived 22 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine What are they doing to Radio National God help us Crikey 15 October 2008 Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 1 April 2011 The Australian Archived from the original on 3 May 2009 Retrieved 8 February 2016 Simons Margaret 17 December 2008 Goodbye Sue Howard hello ABC restructure Crikey Archived from the original on 22 December 2008 Retrieved 1 April 2011 Radio National announces new 2012 lineup Radio National 23 January 2012 Archived from the original on 26 July 2012 Retrieved 17 July 2012 The Weekly Beast ABC Radio National dumps Richard Aedy s Media Report The Guardian 19 November 2015 Retrieved 5 March 2017 Meade Amanda 8 December 2016 Jaws drop at ABC as Michelle Guthrie defends Radio National cuts Weekly Beast the Guardian Meade Amanda 15 November 2016 Radio National to lose eight staff as ABC cuts several programs from 2017 schedule the Guardian Meade Amanda 7 December 2016 ABC board demands director of radio explain Radio National cuts the Guardian ABC Exits Shortwave Radio Transmission About the ABC Retrieved 5 December 2018 a b Episodes Correspondents Report ABC Radio 10 October 2003 Retrieved 16 February 2021 a b Foreign Correspondent Latest Segments ABC Radio Archived from the original on 16 February 2021 Retrieved 16 February 2021 a b Johnson Natasha 29 May 2022 Robyn Williams host of ABC RN s The Science Show on 50 years of broadcasting and the day Norman Swan saved his life ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 29 May 2022 ABC Radio National s The Music Show clocks up 30 years on air ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation 14 February 2021 Retrieved 17 February 2021 Music show team ABC Radio National Retrieved 17 February 2021 Speaking Out with Larissa Behrendt ABC Radio Retrieved 2 December 2021 Meade Amanda 6 December 2017 ABC makes big changes to radio programs across Australia The Guardian Retrieved 14 January 2022 Silly season is here and the changes are coming thick and fast RadioInfo Australia 3 December 2019 Retrieved 14 January 2022 Past Programs ABC Radio National The Art Show Retrieved 14 January 2022 Sporty Programs ABC Radio National Retrieved 16 February 2021 Past Programs by Date Sporty ABC Radio National Retrieved 16 February 2021 Stop Everything with Benjamin Law and Beverley Wang ABC Radio National 30 March 2023 Retrieved 2 April 2023 External links EditOfficial website Current programs Women in Radio Celebrating women radio pioneers National Film and Sound Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Radio National amp oldid 1147777203, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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