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National Review

January 19, 2024

This article is about the American magazine. For other uses, see National Review (disambiguation).

National Review is an American conservative right-libertarian[4] editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955.[5] Its editor-in-chief is Rich Lowry, and its editor is Ramesh Ponnuru.

National Review
National Review cover for August 30, 2010
Editor-in-ChiefRich Lowry
CategoriesEditorial magazine, American conservatism
FrequencyMonthly[1]
PublisherE. Garrett Bewkes IV[2]
Total circulation
(2022)		75,000[3]
First issueNovember 19, 1955; 68 years ago (1955-11-19)
CompanyNational Review, Inc.
CountryUnited States
Based inNew York City, New York, U.S.
LanguageEnglish
Websitenationalreview.com
ISSN0028-0038

Since its founding, the magazine has played a significant role in the development of conservatism in the United States, helping to define its boundaries[5] and promoting fusionism while establishing itself as a leading voice on the American right.[5][6][7]

History edit

Background edit

See also: Conservatism in the United States
 
William F. Buckley Jr., the founder and first editor of National Review, pictured in 1985

Before National Review's founding in 1955, the American right was a largely unorganized collection of people who shared intertwining philosophies but had little opportunity for a united public voice. They wanted to marginalize the antiwar, noninterventionistic views of the Old Right.[8]

In 1953, moderate Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was president, and many major magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post, Time, and Reader's Digest were strongly conservative and anticommunist, as were many newspapers including the Chicago Tribune and St. Louis Globe-Democrat. A few small-circulation conservative magazines, such as Human Events and The Freeman, preceded National Review in developing Cold War Conservatism in the 1950s.[9]

In 1953, Russell Kirk published The Conservative Mind, which traced an intellectual bloodline from Edmund Burke[10] to the Old Right in the early 1950s. This challenged the notion among intellectuals that no coherent conservative tradition existed in the United States.[10]

A young William F. Buckley Jr. was greatly influenced by Kirk's concepts. Buckley had money; his father grew rich from oil fields in Mexico. He first tried to purchase Human Events, but was turned down. He then met Willi Schlamm, the experienced editor of The Freeman; they would spend the next two years raising the $300,000 necessary to start their own weekly magazine, originally to be called National Weekly.[11] (A magazine holding the trademark to the name prompted the change to National Review.) The statement of intentions read:[12]

Middle-of-the-Road, qua Middle of the Road, is politically, intellectually, and morally repugnant. We shall recommend policies for the simple reason that we consider them right (rather than "non-controversial"); and we consider them right because they are based on principles we deem right (rather than on popularity polls)... The New Deal revolution, for instance, could hardly have happened save for the cumulative impact of The Nation and The New Republic, and a few other publications, on several American college generations during the twenties and thirties.

Founding edit

See also: Conservatism in the United States

On November 19, 1955, Buckley's magazine began to take shape. Buckley assembled an eclectic group of writers: traditionalists, Catholic intellectuals, libertarians and ex-Communists. The group included: Revilo P. Oliver, Russell Kirk, James Burnham, Frank Meyer, and Willmoore Kendall, Catholics L. Brent Bozell and Garry Wills. The former Time editor Whittaker Chambers, who had been a Communist spy in the 1930s, then turned intensely anti-Communist, became a senior editor. In the magazine's founding statement Buckley wrote:[13]

The launching of a conservative weekly journal of opinion in a country widely assumed to be a bastion of conservatism at first glance looks like a work of supererogation, rather like publishing a royalist weekly within the walls of Buckingham Palace. It is not that of course; if National Review is superfluous, it is so for very different reasons: It stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no other is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it.

As editors and contributors, Buckley sought out intellectuals who were ex-Communists or had once worked on the far left, including Whittaker Chambers, William Schlamm, John Dos Passos, Frank Meyer and James Burnham.[14] When James Burnham became one of the original senior editors, he urged the adoption of a more pragmatic editorial position that would extend the influence of the magazine toward the political center. Smant (1991) finds that Burnham overcame sometimes heated opposition from other members of the editorial board (including Meyer, Schlamm, William Rickenbacker, and the magazine's publisher William A. Rusher), and had a significant effect on both the editorial policy of the magazine and on the thinking of Buckley himself.[15]

National Review aimed to make conservative ideas respectable,[5] in an age when the dominant view of conservative thought was, as expressed by Columbia professor Lionel Trilling:[16]

[L]iberalism is not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition. For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation... the conservative impulse and the reactionary impulse do not... express themselves in ideas but only... in irritable mental gestures which seek to resemble ideas.

William Buckley Jr. said that National Review "is out of place because, in its maturity, literate America rejected conservatism in favor of radical social experimentation... since ideas rule the world, the ideologues, having won over the intellectual class, simply walked in and started to... run just about everything. There never was an age of conformity quite like this one, or a camaraderie quite like the Liberals’.[17]

Goldwater era edit

National Review promoted Barry Goldwater heavily during the early 1960s. Buckley and others involved with the magazine took a major role in the "Draft Goldwater" movement in 1960 and the 1964 presidential campaign. National Review spread his vision of conservatism throughout the country.[18]

The early National Review faced occasional defections from both left and right. Garry Wills broke with National Review and became a liberal commentator. Buckley's brother-in-law, L. Brent Bozell Jr. left and started the short-lived traditionalist Catholic magazine, Triumph in 1966.

Buckley and Meyer promoted the idea of enlarging the boundaries of conservatism through fusionism, whereby different schools of conservatives, including libertarians, would work together to combat what were seen as their common opponents.[5]

Buckley and his editors used his magazine to define the boundaries of conservatism—and to exclude people or ideas or groups they considered unworthy of the conservative title. Therefore, they attacked the John Birch Society, George Wallace, and anti-Semites.[5][19]

Buckley's goal was to increase the respectability of the conservative movement; as current editor Rich Lowry said in 2004, "Mr. Buckley's first great achievement was to purge the American right of its kooks. He marginalized the anti-Semites, the John Birchers, the nativists and their sort."[20]

In 1957, National Review editorialized in favor of white leadership in the South, arguing that "the central question that emerges... is whether the White community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to prevail, politically and culturally, in areas where it does not predominate numerically? The sobering answer is Yes – the White community is so entitled because, for the time being, it is the advanced race."[21][22] By the 1970s National Review advocated colorblind policies and the end of affirmative action.[23]

In the late 1960s, the magazine denounced segregationist George Wallace, who ran in Democratic primaries in 1964 and 1972 and made an independent run for president in 1968. During the 1950s, Buckley had worked to remove anti-Semitism from the conservative movement and barred holders of those views from working for National Review.[24] In 1962 Buckley denounced Robert W. Welch Jr. and the John Birch Society as "far removed from common sense" and urged the Republican Party to purge itself of Welch's influence.[25]

Supporting Reagan edit

After Goldwater was defeated by Lyndon Johnson in 1964, Buckley and National Review continued to champion the idea of a conservative movement, which was increasingly embodied in Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a longtime subscriber to National Review, became politically prominent during Goldwater's campaign. National Review supported his challenge to President Gerald Ford in 1976 and his successful 1980 campaign.

During the 1980s, National Review called for tax cuts, supply-side economics, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and support for President Ronald Reagan's foreign policy against the Soviet Union. The magazine criticized the Welfare state and would support the Welfare reform proposals of the 1990s. The magazine also regularly criticized President Bill Clinton. It first embraced, then rejected, Pat Buchanan in his political campaigns. A lengthy 1996 National Review editorial called for a "movement toward" drug legalization.[26]

In 1985, National Review and Buckley were represented by attorney J. Daniel Mahoney during the magazine's $16 million libel suit against The Spotlight.[27]

Political views and content edit

Victor Davis Hanson, a regular contributor since 2001, sees a broad spectrum of conservative and anti-liberal contributors:

In other words, a wide conservative spectrum—paleo-conservatives, neo-conservatives, tea-party enthusiasts, the deeply religious and the agnostic, both libertarians and social conservatives, free-marketeers and the more protectionist—characterizes National Review. The common requisite is that they present their views as a critique of prevailing liberal orthodoxy but do so analytically and with decency and respect.[28]

The magazine has been described as "the bible of American conservatism".[29]

Trump era edit

In 2015, the magazine published an editorial entitled "Against Trump," calling him a "philosophically unmoored political opportunist" and announcing its adamant and uniform opposition to his presidential candidacy for the Republican nomination for president.[30] Since Trump's election to the presidency, National Review editorial board has continued to criticize him.[31][32][33][non-primary source needed]

However, following Trump's 2016 electoral victory over Hillary Clinton, some National Review and National Review Online contributors have taken more varied positions on Trump. Hanson, for instance, supports him,[34] while National Review contributors such as editor Ramesh Ponnuru and contributor Jonah Goldberg have remained uniformly critical of Trump.[35][better source needed] In a Washington Post feature on conservative magazines, T.A. Frank noted: "From the perspective of a reader, these tensions make National Review as lively as it has been in a long time."[36]

Biden era edit

In 2023, National Review has editorialized regularly against Trump's 2024 presidential candidacy.[37][38][non-primary source needed]

National Review Online edit

A popular web version of the magazine, National Review Online ("N.R.O."), includes a digital version of the magazine, with articles updated daily by National Review writers, and conservative blogs. The on-line version is called N.R.O. to distinguish it from the printed magazine. It also features free articles, though these deviate in content from its print magazine. The site's editor is Phillip Klein, who replaced Charles C. W. Cooke.[39]

Each day, the site posts new content consisting of conservative, libertarian, and neoconservative opinion articles, including some syndicated columns, and news features.

It also features two blogs:

  • The Corner[40] – postings from a select group of the site's editors and affiliated writers discussing the issues of the day
  • Bench Memos[41] – legal and judicial news and commentary

Markos Moulitsas, who runs the liberal Daily Kos web-site, told reporters in August 2007 that he does not read conservative blogs, with the exception of those on N.R.O.: "I do like the blogs at the National Review—I do think their writers are the best in the [conservative] blogosphere," he said.[42]

National Review Institute edit

The N.R.I. works in policy development and helping establish new advocates in the conservative movement. National Review Institute was founded by William F. Buckley Jr. in 1991 to engage in policy development, public education, and advocacy that would advance the conservative principles he championed.[43]

In 2019, the Whittaker Chambers family prevailed on NRI to cease an award in Chambers' name, after an award to people whom the family found objectionable.[44][45][46]

Finances edit

As with most political opinion magazines in the United States, National Review carries little corporate advertising. The magazine stays afloat from subscription fees, donations, and black-tie fundraisers around the country. The magazine also sponsors cruises featuring National Review editors and contributors as lecturers.[29][47]

Buckley said in 2005 that the magazine had lost about $25,000,000 over 50 years.[48]

Presidential primary endorsements edit

National Review sometimes endorses a candidate during the primary election season. Editors at National Review have said, "Our guiding principle has always been to select the most conservative viable candidate."[49] This statement echoes what has come to be called "The Buckley Rule". In a 1967 interview, in which he was asked about the choice of presidential candidate, Buckley said, "The wisest choice would be the one who would win... I'd be for the most right, viable candidate who could win."[50]

These candidates were endorsed by National Review:

Editors and contributors edit

The magazine's editor-in-chief is Rich Lowry. Many of the magazine's commentators are affiliated with think-tanks such as The Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute. Prominent guest authors have included Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, Peter Thiel, and Ted Cruz in the on-line and print edition.

Contributors edit

Contributors to National Review (N.R.) magazine, National Review Online (N.R.O.), or both:

Past contributors edit

Washington editors edit

Controversies edit

Barack Obama edit

Further information: Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories

In June 2008, six days after Hillary Clinton conceded to Barack Obama in the Democratic primary, National Review correspondent Jim Geraghty published an article encouraging the Obama campaign to release the candidate's birth certificate in order "to squash all the conspiracy theories once and for all." Geraghty's column notes that it was unlikely that Obama was born in Kenya. Attorney Loren Collins, who has tracked the origins of birther movement for years, says that Geraghty may have "unwittingly shined a national spotlight on a fringe internet theory."[56] Geraghty's article "became fodder for cable television."[57] In a 2009 editorial, the National Review editorial board called conspiracies about Obama's citizenship "untrue," writing: "Like Bruce Springsteen, he has a lot of bad political ideas; but he was born in the U.S.A."[58]

One National Review article said that Obama's parents could be communists because "for a white woman to marry a black man in 1958, or ’60, there was almost inevitably a connection to explicit Communist politics".[59][60]

Climate change edit

According to Philip Bump of The Washington Post, National Review "has regularly criticized and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change".[61] In 2015, the magazine published an intentionally deceptive graph that suggested that there was no climate change.[61][62][63] The graph set the lower and upper bounds of the chart at -10 and 110 degree Fahrenheit and zoomed out so as to obscure warming trends.[63]

In 2017, National Review published an article alleging that a top NOAA scientist claimed that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration engaged in data manipulation and rushed a study based on faulty data in order to influence the Paris climate negotiations.[64] The article largely repeated allegations made in the Daily Mail without independent verification.[65] The scientist in question later rejected the claims made by National Review, noting that he did not accuse NOAA of data manipulation but instead raised concerns about "the way data was handled, documented and stored, raising issues of transparency and availability".[64]

In 2014, climate scientist Michael E. Mann sued National Review after columnist Mark Steyn accused Mann of fraud and referenced a quote from Competitive Enterprise Institute writer Rand Simberg that called Mann "the Jerry Sandusky of climate science, except that instead of molesting children, he has molested and tortured data."[66][67][68] Civil liberties organizations such as the ACLU and the Electronic Frontier Foundation and several publications such as The Washington Post expressed support for National Review in the lawsuit, filing amicus briefs in their defense.[69]

Ann Coulter 9/11 column edit

Two days after the 9/11 attacks, National Review published a column by Ann Coulter in which she wrote of Muslims, "This is no time to be precious about locating the exact individuals directly involved in this particular terrorist attack. We should invade their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity. We weren't punctilious about locating and punishing only Hitler and his top officers. We carpet-bombed German cities; we killed civilians. That's war. And this is war."[70] National Review later called the column a "mistake" and fired Coulter as a contributing editor.[71]

Jeffrey Epstein edit

In 2019, The New York Times reported that National Review was one of three news outlets (along with Forbes and HuffPost) that had published stories written by Jeffrey Epstein's publicists.[72] The National Review article was written by Christina Galbraith, Epstein's publicist at the time the article was published in 2013. The National Review bio for Galbraith described her as a science writer. National Review retracted the article in July 2019 with apologies and spoke of new methods being used to better filter freelance content.[72]

References edit

  1. ^ "Behold! A New Magazine". National Review. August 20, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  2. ^ "Garrett Bewkes". National Review. January 27, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  3. ^ Jim Fowler. "National Review Media Kit 2022" (PDF). National Review. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  4. ^ Meylan, Phillip (September 19, 2022). "Is the National Review Reliable?".
  5. ^ a b c d e f Perlstein, Rick (April 11, 2017). "I thought I understood the American Right". The New York Times. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  6. ^ Byers, Dylan (January 21, 2016). "National Review, conservative thinkers stand against Donald Trump". CNN. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  7. ^ Brooks, David (September 24, 2017). "The Conservative Mind". The New York Times. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  8. ^ Nash, George H. (1976, 2006). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. ISI Books: Wilmington, DE, pp. 186–193.
  9. ^ Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. pp. 186–193.
  10. ^ a b Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy Beer, and Jeffrey O. Nelson (2006) American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. ISI Books, Wilmington, DE, pp. 186–188
  11. ^ Bogus, Carl T. (2011). Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781608193554.
  12. ^ Gregory L. Schneider, ed. (2003). Conservatism in America since 1930: a reader. NYU Press. pp. 195ff. ISBN 9780814797990.
  13. ^ Our Mission Statement, National Review Online, November 19, 1955
  14. ^ John P. Diggins, "Buckley's Comrades: The Ex-Communist as Conservative," Dissent July 1975, Vol. 22 Issue 4, pp. 370–386
  15. ^ Kevin Smant, "Whither Conservatism? James Burnham and 'National Review,' 1955–1964," Continuity, 1991, Issue 15, pp. 83–97; Smant, Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement (2002) pp. 33–66
  16. ^ Golden Days May 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, National Review Online, October 27, 2005.
  17. ^ Buckley, William (November 19, 1955). "Our Mission Statement". National Review Online. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
  18. ^ Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy Beer, and Jeffrey O. Nelson, eds. American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. (2006) pp. 601–604
  19. ^ Roger Chapman, Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices (2009) vol. 1 p. 58
  20. ^ A Personal Retrospective October 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, National Review Online, August 9, 2004
  21. ^ Buckley, William F. (August 24, 1957). "Why the South Must Prevail" (PDF). National Review. Vol. 4. pp. 148–149. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  22. ^ Quoted in John B. Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (2001) p. 138
  23. ^ Laura Kalman, Right Star Rising: A New Politics, 1974–1980 (2010) p. 23
  24. ^ Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives pp. 283–287
  25. ^ William F. Buckley Jr. . Commentary. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
  26. ^ . National Review. February 12, 1996. Archived from the original on October 25, 2000. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  27. ^ Archibald, George (October 25, 1985). (PDF). The Washington Times. Washington, D.C. p. 3-A. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  28. ^ see Hanson, "The Home of Intellectual Populism Could Use Your Help" NRO 1 December, 2015
  29. ^ a b Hari, Johann, "Titanic: Reshuffling the Deck Chairs on the National Review Cruise", in The New Republic, vol. 237, issue 1, July 2, 2007 (in MasterFile Premier (EbscoHost) (PDF) (subscription may be required)), p. 31
  30. ^ "Against Trump". National Review. January 21, 2016.
  31. ^ "The Mouth That Toured". National Review. July 17, 2018.
  32. ^ "Against the Trump Trade Bill". National Review. July 3, 2018.
  33. ^ "Keep the Pressure on Kim". National Review. May 2, 2018.
  34. ^ Beinart, Peter (July 13, 2018). "The 'To Be Sure' Conservatives". The Atlantic.
  35. ^ Robinson, Emerald (June 29, 2018). "The Collapse of the Never-Trump Conservatives". The American Spectator. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  36. ^ Frank, T.A. (January 25, 2018). "Welcome to the Golden Age of Conservative Magazines". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  37. ^ "Trump has completely lost his grip of reality", National Review, January 25, 2023
  38. ^ "Pick one: conservatism or Trump", National Review, March 21, 2023
  39. ^ Gold, Hadas (June 16, 2018). "Charles C. W. Cooke named Online editor at National Review". Politico. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  40. ^ . Archived from the original on September 22, 2005.
  41. ^ . Archived from the original on August 30, 2006. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
  42. ^ "Markos speaks", Ben Smith blog in The Politico, August 2, 2007.
  43. ^ . National Review Institute. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
  44. ^ Bravin, Jess (March 28, 2019). "Whittaker Chambers Award Draws Criticism – From His Family: Family members say the conservative icon would be appalled by the recipients of the National Review's prize". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  45. ^ "National Review Institute ends Whittaker Chambers Award amid his descendants' outcry over recipients". Washington Examiner. March 29, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  46. ^ Chambers, David (March 31, 2019). "Withdraw Whittaker". WhittakerChambers.org. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  47. ^ "The National Review Institute's 2024 Alaska CRUISE | June 16-23, 2024 | + Fairbanks/Denali Pre-cruise Package". nricruise.com.
  48. ^ Shapiro, Gary. "An 'Encounter' With Conservative Publishing", "Knickerbocker" column, The New York Sun, December 9, 2005.
  49. ^ "Nationalreview.com Romney for President". National Review.
  50. ^ "A Trip into Idea Land with Bill Buckley". The Miami News. April 18, 1967. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  51. ^ a b c d e Jonah Goldberg (December 15, 2011). "The Editorial – My Take". National Review. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  52. ^ "Romney for President". National Review. December 11, 2007.
  53. ^ "Ted Cruz for President". National Review. March 11, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  54. ^ "The Task Ahead". National Review. October 15, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  55. ^ . The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
  56. ^ "No, Hillary Clinton didn't feed the birther movement". PolitiFact. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  57. ^ Tumulty, Karen (June 12, 2008). "Will Obama's Anti-Rumor Plan Work?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  58. ^ "Born in the U.S.A. - National Review". National Review. July 28, 2009.
  59. ^ Perlstein, Rick (April 11, 2017). "I Thought I Understood the American Right. Trump Proved Me Wrong". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  60. ^ The New Hate by Arthur Goldwag. p. 5.
  61. ^ a b Bump, Philip (December 14, 2015). "Why this National Review global temperature graph is so misleading". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  62. ^ O'Connor, Lydia (December 15, 2015). "This Is How Climate Change Deniers Are Tricking You". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  63. ^ a b "One chart shows how climate change deniers are skewing statistics to fit their view". Business Insider. December 20, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  64. ^ a b "No Data Manipulation at NOAA". FactCheck.org. February 9, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  65. ^ "How the blogosphere spread and amplified the Daily Mail's unsupported allegations of climate data manipulation". Climate Feedback. March 27, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
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  67. ^ "Opinion | Whatever happened to Michael Mann's defamation suit? (2017 edition)". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  68. ^ "Climate researcher's defamation suit about insulting columns is on". Ars Technica. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  69. ^ Adler, Jonathan H. (August 13, 2014). Media and Rights Organizations Defend National Review, et al. against Michael Mann." The Washington Post. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
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  71. ^ Kurtz, Howard (October 2, 2001). "National Review Cans Columnist Ann Coulter". The Washington Post.
  72. ^ a b Hsu, Tiffany (July 21, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Pitched a New Narrative. These Sites Published It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 22, 2019.

Bibliography edit

  • Allitt, Patrick. The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History (2010) excerpt and text search
  • Bayley, Edwin R. Joe McCarthy and the Press (University of Wisconsin Press, 1981).
  • Birzer, Bradley J. Russell Kirk: American Conservative (University Press of Kentucky, 2015).
  • Bogus, Carl T. Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism (2011)
  • Bridges, Linda and Coyne, John R. Jr. Strictly Right: William F. Buckley Jr. and the American Conservative Movement (John Wiley and Sons, 2007).
  • Critchlow, Donald T. The Conservative Ascendancy: How the Right Made Political History (2007)
  • Del Visco, Stephen. "Yellow peril, red scare: race and communism in National Review." Ethnic and Racial Studies 42.4 (2019): 626–644.
  • Frisk, David B. If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement (2011)
  • Frohnen, Bruce et al. eds. American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia (2006) ISBN 1-932236-44-9
  • Hart, Jeffrey. The Making of the American Conservative Mind: The National Review and Its Times (2005), a view from the inside
  • Hemmer, Nicole. Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
  • Johnston, Savannah Eccles. "The Rise of Illiberal Conservatism: Immigration and Nationhood at National Review." American Political Thought 10.2 (2021): 190–216.
  • Judis, John B. William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (2001) ISBN 978-0-7432-1797-2
  • Nash, George. The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 (2006; 1st ed. 1978)
  • Nemeth, Julian. "The Passion of William F. Buckley: Academic Freedom, Conspiratorial Conservatism, and the Rise of the Postwar Right." Journal of American Studies 54.2 (2020): 323–350.
  • Owen, Christopher H. Heaven Can Indeed Fall: The Life of Willmoore Kendall (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021).
  • Schneider, Gregory. The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution (2009)
  • Smant, Kevin J. Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement (2002) (ISBN 1-882926-72-2)
  • Walsh, David Austin. "The Right-Wing Popular Front: The Far Right and American Conservatism in the 1950s." Journal of American History 107.2 (2020): 411–432.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • NRI January 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, National Review Institute
  • "President Honors Buckley at 50th Anniversary of National Review". White House. George W Bush. October 6, 2005.

January 19, 2024
national, review, this, article, about, american, magazine, other, uses, disambiguation, american, conservative, right, libertarian, editorial, magazine, focusing, news, commentary, pieces, political, social, cultural, affairs, magazine, founded, author, willi. This article is about the American magazine For other uses see National Review disambiguation National Review is an American conservative right libertarian 4 editorial magazine focusing on news and commentary pieces on political social and cultural affairs The magazine was founded by the author William F Buckley Jr in 1955 5 Its editor in chief is Rich Lowry and its editor is Ramesh Ponnuru National ReviewNational Review cover for August 30 2010Editor in ChiefRich LowryCategoriesEditorial magazine American conservatismFrequencyMonthly 1 PublisherE Garrett Bewkes IV 2 Total circulation 2022 75 000 3 First issueNovember 19 1955 68 years ago 1955 11 19 CompanyNational Review Inc CountryUnited StatesBased inNew York City New York U S LanguageEnglishWebsitenationalreview wbr comISSN0028 0038Since its founding the magazine has played a significant role in the development of conservatism in the United States helping to define its boundaries 5 and promoting fusionism while establishing itself as a leading voice on the American right 5 6 7 Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Founding 1 3 Goldwater era 1 4 Supporting Reagan 2 Political views and content 2 1 Trump era 2 2 Biden era 3 National Review Online 4 National Review Institute 5 Finances 6 Presidential primary endorsements 7 Editors and contributors 7 1 Contributors 7 2 Past contributors 7 3 Washington editors 8 Controversies 8 1 Barack Obama 8 2 Climate change 8 3 Ann Coulter 9 11 column 8 4 Jeffrey Epstein 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External linksHistory editBackground edit See also Conservatism in the United States nbsp William F Buckley Jr the founder and first editor of National Review pictured in 1985Before National Review s founding in 1955 the American right was a largely unorganized collection of people who shared intertwining philosophies but had little opportunity for a united public voice They wanted to marginalize the antiwar noninterventionistic views of the Old Right 8 In 1953 moderate Republican Dwight D Eisenhower was president and many major magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post Time and Reader s Digest were strongly conservative and anticommunist as were many newspapers including the Chicago Tribune and St Louis Globe Democrat A few small circulation conservative magazines such as Human Events and The Freeman preceded National Review in developing Cold War Conservatism in the 1950s 9 In 1953 Russell Kirk published The Conservative Mind which traced an intellectual bloodline from Edmund Burke 10 to the Old Right in the early 1950s This challenged the notion among intellectuals that no coherent conservative tradition existed in the United States 10 A young William F Buckley Jr was greatly influenced by Kirk s concepts Buckley had money his father grew rich from oil fields in Mexico He first tried to purchase Human Events but was turned down He then met Willi Schlamm the experienced editor of The Freeman they would spend the next two years raising the 300 000 necessary to start their own weekly magazine originally to be called National Weekly 11 A magazine holding the trademark to the name prompted the change to National Review The statement of intentions read 12 Middle of the Road qua Middle of the Road is politically intellectually and morally repugnant We shall recommend policies for the simple reason that we consider them right rather than non controversial and we consider them right because they are based on principles we deem right rather than on popularity polls The New Deal revolution for instance could hardly have happened save for the cumulative impact of The Nation and The New Republic and a few other publications on several American college generations during the twenties and thirties Founding edit See also Conservatism in the United States On November 19 1955 Buckley s magazine began to take shape Buckley assembled an eclectic group of writers traditionalists Catholic intellectuals libertarians and ex Communists The group included Revilo P Oliver Russell Kirk James Burnham Frank Meyer and Willmoore Kendall Catholics L Brent Bozell and Garry Wills The former Time editor Whittaker Chambers who had been a Communist spy in the 1930s then turned intensely anti Communist became a senior editor In the magazine s founding statement Buckley wrote 13 The launching of a conservative weekly journal of opinion in a country widely assumed to be a bastion of conservatism at first glance looks like a work of supererogation rather like publishing a royalist weekly within the walls of Buckingham Palace It is not that of course if National Review is superfluous it is so for very different reasons It stands athwart history yelling Stop at a time when no other is inclined to do so or to have much patience with those who so urge it As editors and contributors Buckley sought out intellectuals who were ex Communists or had once worked on the far left including Whittaker Chambers William Schlamm John Dos Passos Frank Meyer and James Burnham 14 When James Burnham became one of the original senior editors he urged the adoption of a more pragmatic editorial position that would extend the influence of the magazine toward the political center Smant 1991 finds that Burnham overcame sometimes heated opposition from other members of the editorial board including Meyer Schlamm William Rickenbacker and the magazine s publisher William A Rusher and had a significant effect on both the editorial policy of the magazine and on the thinking of Buckley himself 15 National Review aimed to make conservative ideas respectable 5 in an age when the dominant view of conservative thought was as expressed by Columbia professor Lionel Trilling 16 L iberalism is not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation the conservative impulse and the reactionary impulse do not express themselves in ideas but only in irritable mental gestures which seek to resemble ideas William Buckley Jr said that National Review is out of place because in its maturity literate America rejected conservatism in favor of radical social experimentation since ideas rule the world the ideologues having won over the intellectual class simply walked in and started to run just about everything There never was an age of conformity quite like this one or a camaraderie quite like the Liberals 17 Goldwater era edit National Review promoted Barry Goldwater heavily during the early 1960s Buckley and others involved with the magazine took a major role in the Draft Goldwater movement in 1960 and the 1964 presidential campaign National Review spread his vision of conservatism throughout the country 18 The early National Review faced occasional defections from both left and right Garry Wills broke with National Review and became a liberal commentator Buckley s brother in law L Brent Bozell Jr left and started the short lived traditionalist Catholic magazine Triumph in 1966 Buckley and Meyer promoted the idea of enlarging the boundaries of conservatism through fusionism whereby different schools of conservatives including libertarians would work together to combat what were seen as their common opponents 5 Buckley and his editors used his magazine to define the boundaries of conservatism and to exclude people or ideas or groups they considered unworthy of the conservative title Therefore they attacked the John Birch Society George Wallace and anti Semites 5 19 Buckley s goal was to increase the respectability of the conservative movement as current editor Rich Lowry said in 2004 Mr Buckley s first great achievement was to purge the American right of its kooks He marginalized the anti Semites the John Birchers the nativists and their sort 20 In 1957 National Review editorialized in favor of white leadership in the South arguing that the central question that emerges is whether the White community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to prevail politically and culturally in areas where it does not predominate numerically The sobering answer is Yes the White community is so entitled because for the time being it is the advanced race 21 22 By the 1970s National Review advocated colorblind policies and the end of affirmative action 23 In the late 1960s the magazine denounced segregationist George Wallace who ran in Democratic primaries in 1964 and 1972 and made an independent run for president in 1968 During the 1950s Buckley had worked to remove anti Semitism from the conservative movement and barred holders of those views from working for National Review 24 In 1962 Buckley denounced Robert W Welch Jr and the John Birch Society as far removed from common sense and urged the Republican Party to purge itself of Welch s influence 25 Supporting Reagan edit After Goldwater was defeated by Lyndon Johnson in 1964 Buckley and National Review continued to champion the idea of a conservative movement which was increasingly embodied in Ronald Reagan Reagan a longtime subscriber to National Review became politically prominent during Goldwater s campaign National Review supported his challenge to President Gerald Ford in 1976 and his successful 1980 campaign During the 1980s National Review called for tax cuts supply side economics the Strategic Defense Initiative and support for President Ronald Reagan s foreign policy against the Soviet Union The magazine criticized the Welfare state and would support the Welfare reform proposals of the 1990s The magazine also regularly criticized President Bill Clinton It first embraced then rejected Pat Buchanan in his political campaigns A lengthy 1996 National Review editorial called for a movement toward drug legalization 26 In 1985 National Review and Buckley were represented by attorney J Daniel Mahoney during the magazine s 16 million libel suit against The Spotlight 27 Political views and content editVictor Davis Hanson a regular contributor since 2001 sees a broad spectrum of conservative and anti liberal contributors In other words a wide conservative spectrum paleo conservatives neo conservatives tea party enthusiasts the deeply religious and the agnostic both libertarians and social conservatives free marketeers and the more protectionist characterizes National Review The common requisite is that they present their views as a critique of prevailing liberal orthodoxy but do so analytically and with decency and respect 28 The magazine has been described as the bible of American conservatism 29 Trump era edit In 2015 the magazine published an editorial entitled Against Trump calling him a philosophically unmoored political opportunist and announcing its adamant and uniform opposition to his presidential candidacy for the Republican nomination for president 30 Since Trump s election to the presidency National Review editorial board has continued to criticize him 31 32 33 non primary source needed However following Trump s 2016 electoral victory over Hillary Clinton some National Review and National Review Online contributors have taken more varied positions on Trump Hanson for instance supports him 34 while National Review contributors such as editor Ramesh Ponnuru and contributor Jonah Goldberg have remained uniformly critical of Trump 35 better source needed In a Washington Post feature on conservative magazines T A Frank noted From the perspective of a reader these tensions make National Review as lively as it has been in a long time 36 Biden era edit In 2023 National Review has editorialized regularly against Trump s 2024 presidential candidacy 37 38 non primary source needed National Review Online editA popular web version of the magazine National Review Online N R O includes a digital version of the magazine with articles updated daily by National Review writers and conservative blogs The on line version is called N R O to distinguish it from the printed magazine It also features free articles though these deviate in content from its print magazine The site s editor is Phillip Klein who replaced Charles C W Cooke 39 Each day the site posts new content consisting of conservative libertarian and neoconservative opinion articles including some syndicated columns and news features It also features two blogs The Corner 40 postings from a select group of the site s editors and affiliated writers discussing the issues of the day Bench Memos 41 legal and judicial news and commentaryMarkos Moulitsas who runs the liberal Daily Kos web site told reporters in August 2007 that he does not read conservative blogs with the exception of those on N R O I do like the blogs at the National Review I do think their writers are the best in the conservative blogosphere he said 42 National Review Institute editThe N R I works in policy development and helping establish new advocates in the conservative movement National Review Institute was founded by William F Buckley Jr in 1991 to engage in policy development public education and advocacy that would advance the conservative principles he championed 43 In 2019 the Whittaker Chambers family prevailed on NRI to cease an award in Chambers name after an award to people whom the family found objectionable 44 45 46 Finances editAs with most political opinion magazines in the United States National Review carries little corporate advertising The magazine stays afloat from subscription fees donations and black tie fundraisers around the country The magazine also sponsors cruises featuring National Review editors and contributors as lecturers 29 47 Buckley said in 2005 that the magazine had lost about 25 000 000 over 50 years 48 Presidential primary endorsements editNational Review sometimes endorses a candidate during the primary election season Editors at National Review have said Our guiding principle has always been to select the most conservative viable candidate 49 This statement echoes what has come to be called The Buckley Rule In a 1967 interview in which he was asked about the choice of presidential candidate Buckley said The wisest choice would be the one who would win I d be for the most right viable candidate who could win 50 These candidates were endorsed by National Review 1956 Dwight Eisenhower 1960 No endorsement 51 1964 Barry Goldwater 1968 Richard Nixon 51 1972 John M Ashbrook 51 1976 Ronald Reagan 1980 No endorsement 51 1984 Ronald Reagan 1988 George H W Bush 1992 No endorsement 1996 No endorsement 2000 George W Bush 2004 No endorsement 2008 Mitt Romney 52 2012 No endorsement 51 2016 Ted Cruz 53 2020 No endorsement 54 Editors and contributors editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources National Review news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The magazine s editor in chief is Rich Lowry Many of the magazine s commentators are affiliated with think tanks such as The Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute Prominent guest authors have included Newt Gingrich Mitt Romney Peter Thiel and Ted Cruz in the on line and print edition Contributors edit Contributors to National Review N R magazine National Review Online N R O or both Elliott Abrams Michael D Aeschliman Richard Brookhiser senior editor Charles C W Cooke editor of N R O Frederick H Fleitz John Fund N R O national affairs columnist Jim Geraghty Paul Johnson Roger Kimball Larry Kudlow Stanley Kurtz Yuval Levin James Lileks Rob Long N R contributing editor Kathryn Jean Lopez Rich Lowry N R editor Andrew C McCarthy John McCormack N R Washington D C correspondent John J Miller N R national political reporter Stephen Moore financial columnist Deroy Murdock Jay Nordlinger John O Sullivan N R editor at large Ramesh Ponnuru David Pryce Jones Tom Rogan Noah Rothman Reihan Salam Armond White Past contributors edit Jonah Goldberg David French Renata Adler Steve Allen Wick Allison W H Auden Edward C Banfield Jacques Barzun Peter L Berger Tom Bethell Allan Bloom George Borjas Robert Bork L Brent Bozell Jr Peter Brimelow Pat Buchanan Jed Babbin Myrna Blyth Christopher Buckley William F Buckley Jr founder James Burnham John R Chamberlain Whittaker Chambers Mona Charen Shannen W Coffin Robert Conquest Richard Corliss Robert Costa Ann Coulter Arlene Croce Ted Cruz Guy Davenport John Derbyshire Joan Didion John Dos Passos Rod Dreher Dinesh D Souza John Gregory Dunne Max Eastman Eric Ehrmann Thomas Fleming Samuel T Francis Milton Friedman David Frum Francis Fukuyama Eugene Genovese Paul Gigot Nathan Glazer Stuart Goldman Paul Gottfried Mark M Goldblatt Michael Graham Ethan Gutmann Ernest van den Haag Victor Davis Hanson Jeffrey Hart Henry Hazlitt Will Herberg Christopher Hitchens Harry V Jaffa Arthur Jensen John Keegan Willmoore Kendall Hugh Kenner Florence King Phil Kerpen Russell Kirk Charles Krauthammer Irving Kristol Dave Kopel Erik von Kuehnelt Leddihn Michael Ledeen Fritz Leiber John Leonard Mark Levin John Lukacs Arnold Lunn Richard Lynn Alasdair MacIntyre Harvey C Mansfield Malachi Martin Frank Meyer Scott McConnell Forrest McDonald Ludwig von Mises Alice Leone Moats Raymond Moley Thomas Molnar Charles Murray Richard Neuhaus Robert Nisbet Michael Novak Robert Novak Michael Oakeshott Kate O Beirne Conor Cruise O Brien Revilo P Oliver Thomas Pangle Isabel Paterson Ezra Pound Paul Craig Roberts Murray Rothbard William A Rusher publisher 1957 88 J Philippe Rushton Steve Sailer Pat Sajak Catherine Seipp Daniel Seligman Ben Shapiro John Simon Joseph Sobran Thomas Sowell Mark Steyn Whit Stillman Theodore Sturgeon Mark Steyn Thomas Szasz Allen Tate Jared Taylor Terry Teachout Taki Theodoracopulos Katherine Timpf Ralph de Toledano Auberon Waugh Evelyn Waugh Richard M Weaver Robert Weissberg Frederick Wilhelmsen George F Will Kevin D Williamson Garry Wills James Q Wilson Tom Wolfe Byron York R V Young Washington editors edit L Brent Bozell Jr Neal B Freeman George Will 1973 76 55 Neal B Freeman 1978 81 John McLaughlin 1981 89 William McGurn 1989 1992 Kate O Beirne Robert Costa 2012 13 Eliana Johnson 2014 16Controversies editBarack Obama edit Further information Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories In June 2008 six days after Hillary Clinton conceded to Barack Obama in the Democratic primary National Review correspondent Jim Geraghty published an article encouraging the Obama campaign to release the candidate s birth certificate in order to squash all the conspiracy theories once and for all Geraghty s column notes that it was unlikely that Obama was born in Kenya Attorney Loren Collins who has tracked the origins of birther movement for years says that Geraghty may have unwittingly shined a national spotlight on a fringe internet theory 56 Geraghty s article became fodder for cable television 57 In a 2009 editorial the National Review editorial board called conspiracies about Obama s citizenship untrue writing Like Bruce Springsteen he has a lot of bad political ideas but he was born in the U S A 58 One National Review article said that Obama s parents could be communists because for a white woman to marry a black man in 1958 or 60 there was almost inevitably a connection to explicit Communist politics 59 60 Climate change edit According to Philip Bump of The Washington Post National Review has regularly criticized and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change 61 In 2015 the magazine published an intentionally deceptive graph that suggested that there was no climate change 61 62 63 The graph set the lower and upper bounds of the chart at 10 and 110 degree Fahrenheit and zoomed out so as to obscure warming trends 63 In 2017 National Review published an article alleging that a top NOAA scientist claimed that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration engaged in data manipulation and rushed a study based on faulty data in order to influence the Paris climate negotiations 64 The article largely repeated allegations made in the Daily Mail without independent verification 65 The scientist in question later rejected the claims made by National Review noting that he did not accuse NOAA of data manipulation but instead raised concerns about the way data was handled documented and stored raising issues of transparency and availability 64 In 2014 climate scientist Michael E Mann sued National Review after columnist Mark Steyn accused Mann of fraud and referenced a quote from Competitive Enterprise Institute writer Rand Simberg that called Mann the Jerry Sandusky of climate science except that instead of molesting children he has molested and tortured data 66 67 68 Civil liberties organizations such as the ACLU and the Electronic Frontier Foundation and several publications such as The Washington Post expressed support for National Review in the lawsuit filing amicus briefs in their defense 69 Ann Coulter 9 11 column edit Two days after the 9 11 attacks National Review published a column by Ann Coulter in which she wrote of Muslims This is no time to be precious about locating the exact individuals directly involved in this particular terrorist attack We should invade their countries kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity We weren t punctilious about locating and punishing only Hitler and his top officers We carpet bombed German cities we killed civilians That s war And this is war 70 National Review later called the column a mistake and fired Coulter as a contributing editor 71 Jeffrey Epstein edit In 2019 The New York Times reported that National Review was one of three news outlets along with Forbes and HuffPost that had published stories written by Jeffrey Epstein s publicists 72 The National Review article was written by Christina Galbraith Epstein s publicist at the time the article was published in 2013 The National Review bio for Galbraith described her as a science writer National Review retracted the article in July 2019 with apologies and spoke of new methods being used to better filter freelance content 72 References edit Behold A New Magazine National Review August 20 2023 Retrieved October 30 2023 Garrett Bewkes National Review January 27 2017 Retrieved February 2 2017 Jim Fowler National Review Media Kit 2022 PDF National Review Retrieved July 1 2022 Meylan Phillip September 19 2022 Is the National Review Reliable a b c d e f Perlstein Rick April 11 2017 I thought I understood the American Right The New York Times Retrieved June 7 2017 Byers Dylan January 21 2016 National Review conservative thinkers stand against Donald Trump CNN Retrieved April 5 2017 Brooks David September 24 2017 The Conservative Mind The New York Times Retrieved June 11 2017 Nash George H 1976 2006 The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 ISI Books Wilmington DE pp 186 193 Nash The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 pp 186 193 a b Frohnen Bruce Jeremy Beer and Jeffrey O Nelson 2006 American Conservatism An Encyclopedia ISI Books Wilmington DE pp 186 188 Bogus Carl T 2011 Buckley William F Buckley Jr and the Rise of American Conservatism Bloomsbury ISBN 9781608193554 Gregory L Schneider ed 2003 Conservatism in America since 1930 a reader NYU Press pp 195ff ISBN 9780814797990 Our Mission Statement National Review Online November 19 1955 John P Diggins Buckley s Comrades The Ex Communist as Conservative Dissent July 1975 Vol 22 Issue 4 pp 370 386 Kevin Smant Whither Conservatism James Burnham and National Review 1955 1964 Continuity 1991 Issue 15 pp 83 97 Smant Principles and Heresies Frank S Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement 2002 pp 33 66 Golden Days Archived May 4 2007 at the Wayback Machine National Review Online October 27 2005 Buckley William November 19 1955 Our Mission Statement National Review Online Retrieved April 27 2012 Frohnen Bruce Jeremy Beer and Jeffrey O Nelson eds American Conservatism An Encyclopedia 2006 pp 601 604 Roger Chapman Culture wars an encyclopedia of issues viewpoints and voices 2009 vol 1 p 58 A Personal Retrospective Archived October 19 2006 at the Wayback Machine National Review Online August 9 2004 Buckley William F August 24 1957 Why the South Must Prevail PDF National Review Vol 4 pp 148 149 Retrieved September 16 2017 Quoted in John B Judis William F Buckley Jr Patron Saint of the Conservatives 2001 p 138 Laura Kalman Right Star Rising A New Politics 1974 1980 2010 p 23 Judis William F Buckley Jr Patron Saint of the Conservatives pp 283 287 William F Buckley Jr Goldwater the John Birch Society and Me Commentary Archived from the original on March 8 2008 Retrieved March 9 2008 The War on Drugs is Lost National Review February 12 1996 Archived from the original on October 25 2000 Retrieved November 29 2020 Archibald George October 25 1985 Jury begged not to let Buckley punish and destroy Spotlight PDF The Washington Times Washington D C p 3 A Archived from the original PDF on January 23 2017 Retrieved August 29 2017 see Hanson The Home of Intellectual Populism Could Use Your Help NRO 1 December 2015 a b Hari Johann Titanic Reshuffling the Deck Chairs on the National Review Cruise in The New Republic vol 237 issue 1 July 2 2007 in MasterFile Premier EbscoHost PDF subscription may be required p 31 Against Trump National Review January 21 2016 The Mouth That Toured National Review July 17 2018 Against the Trump Trade Bill National Review July 3 2018 Keep the Pressure on Kim National Review May 2 2018 Beinart Peter July 13 2018 The To Be Sure Conservatives The Atlantic Robinson Emerald June 29 2018 The Collapse of the Never Trump Conservatives The American Spectator Retrieved December 6 2022 Frank T A January 25 2018 Welcome to the Golden Age of Conservative Magazines The Washington Post Retrieved December 6 2022 Trump has completely lost his grip of reality National Review January 25 2023 Pick one conservatism or Trump National Review March 21 2023 Gold Hadas June 16 2018 Charles C W Cooke named Online editor at National Review Politico Retrieved June 18 2016 The Corner Archived from the original on September 22 2005 Bench Memos Archived from the original on August 30 2006 Retrieved August 30 2006 Markos speaks Ben Smith blog in The Politico August 2 2007 National Review National Review Institute Archived from the original on January 10 2016 Retrieved June 18 2010 Bravin Jess March 28 2019 Whittaker Chambers Award Draws Criticism From His Family Family members say the conservative icon would be appalled by the recipients of the National Review s prize Wall Street Journal Retrieved March 30 2019 National Review Institute ends Whittaker Chambers Award amid his descendants outcry over recipients Washington Examiner March 29 2019 Retrieved March 30 2019 Chambers David March 31 2019 Withdraw Whittaker WhittakerChambers org Retrieved March 31 2019 The National Review Institute s 2024 Alaska CRUISE June 16 23 2024 Fairbanks Denali Pre cruise Package nricruise com Shapiro Gary An Encounter With Conservative Publishing Knickerbocker column The New York Sun December 9 2005 Nationalreview com Romney for President National Review A Trip into Idea Land with Bill Buckley The Miami News April 18 1967 Retrieved October 17 2011 a b c d e Jonah Goldberg December 15 2011 The Editorial My Take National Review Retrieved June 14 2013 Romney for President National Review December 11 2007 Ted Cruz for President National Review March 11 2016 Retrieved May 20 2016 The Task Ahead National Review October 15 2020 Retrieved November 29 2020 George F Will Daily Beast bio The Daily Beast Archived from the original on January 16 2014 Retrieved August 31 2014 No Hillary Clinton didn t feed the birther movement PolitiFact Retrieved May 22 2018 Tumulty Karen June 12 2008 Will Obama s Anti Rumor Plan Work Time ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved May 22 2018 Born in the U S A National Review National Review July 28 2009 Perlstein Rick April 11 2017 I Thought I Understood the American Right Trump Proved Me Wrong The New York Times Retrieved May 22 2018 The New Hate by Arthur Goldwag p 5 a b Bump Philip December 14 2015 Why this National Review global temperature graph is so misleading The Washington Post Retrieved May 22 2018 O Connor Lydia December 15 2015 This Is How Climate Change Deniers Are Tricking You Huffington Post Retrieved May 22 2018 a b One chart shows how climate change deniers are skewing statistics to fit their view Business Insider December 20 2015 Retrieved May 22 2018 a b No Data Manipulation at NOAA FactCheck org February 9 2017 Retrieved May 22 2018 How the blogosphere spread and amplified the Daily Mail s unsupported allegations of climate data manipulation Climate Feedback March 27 2017 Retrieved May 22 2018 Is National Review doomed The Week January 30 2014 Retrieved October 2 2018 Opinion Whatever happened to Michael Mann s defamation suit 2017 edition The Washington Post Retrieved October 2 2018 Climate researcher s defamation suit about insulting columns is on Ars Technica Retrieved October 2 2018 Adler Jonathan H August 13 2014 Media and Rights Organizations Defend National Review et al against Michael Mann The Washington Post Retrieved March 11 2019 Weapons of Mass Deception by Sheldon Rampton John Stauber Penguin Random House pp 145 146 Retrieved January 9 2019 Kurtz Howard October 2 2001 National Review Cans Columnist Ann Coulter The Washington Post a b Hsu Tiffany July 21 2019 Jeffrey Epstein Pitched a New Narrative These Sites Published It The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 22 2019 Bibliography editAllitt Patrick The Conservatives Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History 2010 excerpt and text search Bayley Edwin R Joe McCarthy and the Press University of Wisconsin Press 1981 Birzer Bradley J Russell Kirk American Conservative University Press of Kentucky 2015 Bogus Carl T Buckley William F Buckley Jr and the Rise of American Conservatism 2011 Bridges Linda and Coyne John R Jr Strictly Right William F Buckley Jr and the American Conservative Movement John Wiley and Sons 2007 Critchlow Donald T The Conservative Ascendancy How the Right Made Political History 2007 Del Visco Stephen Yellow peril red scare race and communism in National Review Ethnic and Racial Studies 42 4 2019 626 644 Frisk David B If Not Us Who William Rusher National Review and the Conservative Movement 2011 Frohnen Bruce et al eds American Conservatism An Encyclopedia 2006 ISBN 1 932236 44 9 Hart Jeffrey The Making of the American Conservative Mind The National Review and Its Times 2005 a view from the inside Hemmer Nicole Messengers of the Right Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics University of Pennsylvania Press 2016 Johnston Savannah Eccles The Rise of Illiberal Conservatism Immigration and Nationhood at National Review American Political Thought 10 2 2021 190 216 Judis John B William F Buckley Jr Patron Saint of the Conservatives 2001 ISBN 978 0 7432 1797 2 Nash George The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 2006 1st ed 1978 Nemeth Julian The Passion of William F Buckley Academic Freedom Conspiratorial Conservatism and the Rise of the Postwar Right Journal of American Studies 54 2 2020 323 350 Owen Christopher H Heaven Can Indeed Fall The Life of Willmoore Kendall Rowman amp Littlefield 2021 Schneider Gregory The Conservative Century From Reaction to Revolution 2009 Smant Kevin J Principles and Heresies Frank S Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement 2002 ISBN 1 882926 72 2 Walsh David Austin The Right Wing Popular Front The Far Right and American Conservatism in the 1950s Journal of American History 107 2 2020 411 432 External links editOfficial website NRI Archived January 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine National Review Institute President Honors Buckley at 50th Anniversary of National Review White House George W Bush October 6 2005 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Review amp oldid 1196435131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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