Shiwiar, also known as Achuar, Jivaro and Maina, is a Chicham language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador. Shiwiar is one of the thirteen indigenous languages of Ecuador.[2] All of these indigenous languages are endangered.[2]
Shiwiar is a language spoken by the Achuar people of the Amazonian region of Ecuador.[3] The Achuar people also speak Spanish, Shuar, and Kichwa along with their native language, Shiwiar.[3] Shuar belongs to the same language family as Shiwiar – Jivaroan.[3]
Although the Achuar live in the Amazon Basin, the extracting of oil and raw materials from Ecuador through mining has displaced the Achuar communities and endangered their homes.[4]
While Ecuador's official language is Spanish, the Achuar people along with other indigenous groups have the right to use their own languages in education through the official language policies of Ecuador legalized in Decree No. 000529, Article 27, and the Dirección Nacional de Educación Indígena Intercultural Bilingüe (DINEIIB).[5]
/a, ã, aː/ are phonetically central [a̠, ã̠, a̠ː].[8]
/a, ã/ (but not the long /aː/) have the following allophones: open central unrounded [a̠, ã̠], open-mid front unrounded [ɛ, ɛ̃], close-mid front unrounded [e, ẽ] and close-mid back rounded [o, õ].[8][what is their distribution?]
^ abMoseley, C., ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN978-92-3-104095-5. OCLC 610522460.
^ abcCrevels, M. (2012). "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking". In Campbell, L.; Grondona, V. (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 167–234. doi:10.1515/9783110258035.167. ISBN978-3-11-025803-5.
^"Achuar and the Amazon Basin". Indigenous Religious Traditions. 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
^King, K. A.; Haboud, M. (2002). "Language Planning and Policy in Ecuador". Current Issues in Language Planning. 3 (4): 359–424. doi:10.1080/14664200208668046.
^Lev, Stark & Chang (2012) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFLevStarkChang2012 (help), citing the same source, give these instead as [ɨ], [ɨ̃] and [ɨː].
Fast Mowitz, G. (1975), Sistema fonológico del idioma achual (in Spanish), Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano
Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Achuar-Shiwiar". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
Mowitz, G.; Warkentin de Fast, R.; Fast Warkentin, D. (1996), Diccionario achuar-shiwiar–castellano, Lingüística peruana, 36 (in Spanish), Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano
Kohlberger, M. (2020). A Grammatical Description of Shiwiar (PhD thesis). Leiden University. hdl:1887/123115.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Achuar
The Shiwiar Rainforest Initiative
Achuar–Shiwiar on Native Languages of the Americas
Listen to a sample of Achuar-Shiwiar from Global Recordings Network
OLAC resources in and about Achuar-Shiwiar
September 01, 2023
shiwiar, language, confused, with, shuar, language, from, ecuador, shiwiar, also, known, achuar, jivaro, maina, chicham, language, spoken, along, pastaza, bobonaza, rivers, ecuador, shiwiar, thirteen, indigenous, languages, ecuador, these, indigenous, language. Not to be confused with Shuar language from Ecuador Shiwiar also known as Achuar Jivaro and Maina is a Chicham language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador Shiwiar is one of the thirteen indigenous languages of Ecuador 2 All of these indigenous languages are endangered 2 AchuarShiwiarNative toPeru EcuadorEthnicityAchuar people ShiwiarNative speakers4 420 in Peru 2012 1 3 520 in Ecuador 2007 1 Language familyChicham AchuarLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code acu class extiw title iso639 3 acu acu a Glottologachu1248ELPAchuar Contents 1 Speakers 2 Phonology 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksSpeakers EditShiwiar is a language spoken by the Achuar people of the Amazonian region of Ecuador 3 The Achuar people also speak Spanish Shuar and Kichwa along with their native language Shiwiar 3 Shuar belongs to the same language family as Shiwiar Jivaroan 3 Although the Achuar live in the Amazon Basin the extracting of oil and raw materials from Ecuador through mining has displaced the Achuar communities and endangered their homes 4 While Ecuador s official language is Spanish the Achuar people along with other indigenous groups have the right to use their own languages in education through the official language policies of Ecuador legalized in Decree No 000529 Article 27 and the Direccion Nacional de Educacion Indigena Intercultural Bilingue DINEIIB 5 Phonology EditConsonant phonemes 6 Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar GlottalNasal m n ŋStop p t k ʔAffricate ts tʃFricative s ʃ xApproximant j wTap ɾVowel phonemes 6 Front Central BackClose i ĩ iː u ũ uːClose mid ɘ ɘ ɘː 7 Open a a aː i and u have slightly lowered allophones ɪ and ʊ respectively 8 in which environments a a aː are phonetically central a a a ː 8 a a but not the long aː have the following allophones open central unrounded a a open mid front unrounded ɛ ɛ close mid front unrounded e ẽ and close mid back rounded o o 8 what is their distribution References Edit a b Achuar at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp a b Moseley C ed 2010 Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger 3rd ed Paris UNESCO Publishing ISBN 978 92 3 104095 5 OCLC 610522460 a b c Crevels M 2012 Language endangerment in South America The clock is ticking In Campbell L Grondona V eds The Indigenous Languages of South America Berlin De Gruyter Mouton pp 167 234 doi 10 1515 9783110258035 167 ISBN 978 3 11 025803 5 Achuar and the Amazon Basin Indigenous Religious Traditions 2011 02 17 Retrieved 2020 12 11 King K A Haboud M 2002 Language Planning and Policy in Ecuador Current Issues in Language Planning 3 4 359 424 doi 10 1080 14664200208668046 a b Fast Mowitz 1975 p 10 Lev Stark amp Chang 2012 harvtxt error no target CITEREFLevStarkChang2012 help citing the same source give these instead as ɨ ɨ and ɨː a b c Fast Mowitz 1975 p 2 Bibliography EditFast Mowitz G 1975 Sistema fonologico del idioma achual in Spanish Lima Instituto Linguistico de Verano Lev Michael Stark Tammy Chang Will 2012 Phonological inventory of Achuar Shiwiar The South American Phonological Inventory Database version 1 1 3 ed Berkeley University of California Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource Mowitz G Warkentin de Fast R Fast Warkentin D 1996 Diccionario achuar shiwiar castellano Linguistica peruana 36 in Spanish Lima Instituto Linguistico de Verano Kohlberger M 2020 A Grammatical Description of Shiwiar PhD thesis Leiden University hdl 1887 123115 External links EditDryer Matthew S Haspelmath Martin eds 2013 Achuar World Atlas of Language Structures Online Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology New Testament in Achuar The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Achuar The Shiwiar Rainforest Initiative Achuar Shiwiar on Native Languages of the Americas Listen to a sample of Achuar Shiwiar from Global Recordings Network OLAC resources in and about Achuar Shiwiar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shiwiar language amp oldid 1156467190, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
